Science Batch F-4

Word: Artery動脈Word ID: 602011Strand: 3Topic: [Circulatory System][循環系統]Used: [SF3][SG3][SH3]

Box 1:ArteryThe doctor helped clear the patient's blocked artery.醫生幫忙清理病人阻塞的動脈What is an artery?動脈是什麼？A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart血管讓血液帶入心臟A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart可以把血液帶離心臟的血管Another name for the heart心臟的另外一個名字Box 3:Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. The main job of all but two of the arteries in a person's body is to carry oxygen to all parts of the body.動脈是可以把血液帶離心臟的血管。身體中動脈主要的兩個工作就是攜帶氧氣到全身身體。The main artery that carries oxygen away from the heart is called the aorta. The aorta splits into other, smaller arteries that carry blood with oxygen to cells and organs throughout the entire body. Here is a picture of the arteries in the human brain.主動脈從心臟攜帶氧氣被稱作大動脈。大動脈會分成其他幾個小動脈，攜帶血液與氧氣到全身的細胞和器官。這裡有一張人類腦部動脈的照片。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/20th U.S. edition of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, originally published in 1918

Box 5:What is the main job of arteries?動脈主要的工作是什麼？A To carry waste products away from cells從細胞把產生的廢物帶走B To carry oxygen to cells and organs把氧氣帶入細胞和器官C To carry oxygen from the lungs to the heart從肺帶出氧氣到心臟D To carry waste products to the lungs把產生的廢物帶入肺中Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is B: To carry oxygen to cells and organs正確答案是 B: 把氧氣帶入細胞和器官Box 12:Your heart pumps blood through your body with the help of arteries. This is how oxygen gets to different parts of your body.

你的心臟把血液打進全身身體，透過動脈的幫助。這就是氧氣如何到達身體的不同部位。Word: Average平均Word ID: 602012Strand: 1Topic: [Measuring][衡量]Used: [SF1][SG1][SH1]

Box 1:AverageMaria received the following scores on her quizzes: 70, 72, 80, and 90. Her average grade was a 78.Maria在她的考試中得到以下的分數：70、72、80和 90。她平均分數是 78What does average mean in this example?這例子中的平均是什麼。A single value that is meant to show the best grade received一個單值是表示出得到最好的分數A single value that is meant to represent the worst grade received一個單值拿來表示出得到最低的分數A single value that is meant to be typical of all the grades received一個單值表示所有得到分數的象徵Box 3:An average is a single value or number that is meant to best represent a list of values. There are a few different ways to determine an average.平均是一個單一值或數字，是最能表現出一列數值。這裡有幾種不同方式決定一個平均數。For example, you might measure the height of three different plants to be 11 inches, 12 inches, and 16 inches. One way to determine the average height is to identify the middle value, which in this case would be 12 inches. But a more accurate way to determine the average height would be to add all of the values and divide by the number of values, as shown below.舉例來說，你可能衡量三種不同植物的高度，是 11吋、12吋和 16吋。其中一種決定平均數的方式是辨認中間值，在這個例子中就是 12吋。但更精確的方式是把全部數值相加後除以數值的數目，就像以下所示：11 + 12 + 16 = 13 inches 311 + 12 + 16 = 13 吋 3

Box 5:The number of points that Diego scored in each of the basketball games he played is listed below.8, 10, 6, 6, 12

Diego計算他打過的每一場籃球賽得分，分數如以下 8、10、6、6、12What number best represents the average number of points Diego scored?下列哪個平均數最能表示 Diego的得分A 66B 88C 1010D 1212Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is B: 8正確答案是 B: 8Box 12:If you wanted an easy way to tell how tall your classmates are, you could add up all of their heights and divide by the number of classmates. That would tell you their average height.假如你想要有一個簡單的方式辨認同學有多高，你可以合計所有同學的身高在除以同學的數量。就可以知道他們的平均身高。Word: Bone Cells骨細胞Word ID: 602013Strand: 3Topic: [Skeletal System][骨骼系統]Used: [SF3][SG3][SH3]

Box 1:Bone CellsAs people grow older, their bone cells begin to lose their ability to do their job.當人成長變老時，他們的骨細胞會開始失去能力做它們的工作What are bone cells?什麼是骨細胞？Specialized cells involved in forming, repairing, and maintaining bones特別的細胞牽涉到組成、修護和保護骨頭Material that gives bones their hard and solid structure給骨頭他們堅硬和立方結構的物體Small hollow cells that grow into bones throughout your body遍及全身的小空心細胞所形成的骨頭Box 3:

Bone cells are specialized cells that make up the bones in your body and help to repair and maintain these bones.骨細胞是種特別細胞，可以組成身體的骨頭和幫助你修護和維持這些骨頭。There are five kinds of bone cells, and they work in two different ways. Some bone cells break down old bone and other bone cells help build up new bone. Some bone cells are especially important because they produce red blood cells.這裡有五種骨細胞，他們以兩種不同的方式工作。一些骨細胞分解老舊骨頭而其他骨細胞幫助建立新的骨頭。一些骨細胞是特別重要的因為他們產生紅血球。Box 5:What would happen if you didn't have any bone cells?假如你沒有任何骨細胞會發生什麼事？A You wouldn't be able to breathe.你無法呼吸B You wouldn't be able to sense heat and cold.你無法感到熱或冷C You wouldn't be able to produce new red blood cells.你無法產生新的紅血球D You wouldn't be able to see, hear, taste, smell, or feel.你無法看、聽、嚐、聞或感覺。Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is C: You wouldn't be able to produce new red blood cells.正確答案是 C: 你無法產生新的紅血球Box 12:Bones are made of living cells. If a bone breaks, bone cells can help it heal and become strong again.骨頭是由活的細胞所組成。假如骨頭受傷了，骨細胞可以幫助療癒和再度變成強壯的。Word: Bone Marrow骨髓Word ID: 602014Strand: 3Topic: [Skeletal System][骨骼系統]Used: [SF3][SG3][SH3]

Box 1:Bone MarrowTyra's grandmother went to the hospital to have her bone marrow checked.Tyra的祖母去醫院做她的骨隨檢測。What is bone marrow?什麼是骨髓？

The soft material found inside bones在骨頭裡面發現的軟物質The narrow bones in the fingers在手指中的細長骨頭The hard material on the outside of bones在骨頭外面的硬物質Box 3:Bone marrow is the spongy tissue on the inside of all bones. There are two kinds of bone marrow: red and yellow.骨髓是所有骨頭裡面的海綿組織。有兩種骨髓：紅與黃Red bone marrow is where new red blood cells are made. Red blood cells help carry oxygen around the body and remove waste. Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of fat cells.

紅骨髓是新的紅血球造的。紅血球幫忙帶入氧氣到身體也負責排出廢物。黃骨髓包含主要的脂肪細胞。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Mikael Häggström

Box 5:Which of the following statements is not true about bone marrow?下列那個對於骨髓的敘述不是真的？A It is found inside bones.會發現在骨頭中B It is a soft, spongy tissue.它是軟、海綿組織

C It exists in two forms: yellow and red.以兩種形式存在：黃和紅D It is found only in large bones.只在大骨頭中被發現Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is D: It is found only in large bones.正確答案是 D: 只在大骨頭中被發現Box 12:If you look at the outside of a bone, you cannot see the bone marrow. However, all bones do have bone marrow.假如你觀看骨頭的外面，你無法看到骨髓。然而所有的骨頭都是有骨髓。Word: Ellipse橢圓Word ID: 602017Strand: 4Topic: [Solar System][太陽系]Used: [SF4][SG4][SH4]

Box 1:EllipseWhen Sasha's science teacher spoke about the solar system, she described an ellipse.當 Sasha科學老師講到有關太陽系時，她敘述一個橢圓。What is an ellipse?什麼是橢圓形？When the moon blocks the sun當月亮擋住太陽時The order of the planets行星的順序A figure shaped like an oval一個像是一顆蛋的形狀Box 3:An ellipse is an oval-shaped figure. An ellipse can be made by following the path of a point that moves so that the sum of the distances between this point and two other fixed points stays the same. If the two fixed points are close together, the ellipse looks more like a circle. If the two fixed points are far apart, the ellipse looks more like a squashed circle or oval. The orbit of a planet or comet around the sun is an ellipse.橢圓形是一個像是一顆蛋的形狀。橢圓形是由沿著某一點的路徑移動，讓這個點到兩邊固定的點距離總和都相等。假如這兩個固定點是靠很近的，這橢圓形看起來會像是圓。假如這兩個固定的點是分很開的，這橢圓形看起來會像是壓扁的圓或蛋的形狀。圍繞太陽的星

球或太空軌道就是橢圓形。Below is an ellipse. Points F1 and F2 are the two fixed points. Point X shows where the point that is moved around to form the ellipse is located. The distances between point X and the two fixed points will change as point X is moved. But the sum of the two distances indicated by the blue line segments will remain the same.以下是一個橢圓形。點 F1和 F2是固定的點。點 x表示它是在橢圓形上的任何一點。點 x

與兩固定點間的距離將隨著 x移動而移動。但兩點間距離的總和，也就是兩條藍色線段將會不變。

Box 5:Which of the following is shaped like an ellipse?下列哪個敘述的形狀像是橢圓形？A The path of a planet as it travels around the sun當行星繞著太陽的軌跡B The path that a person follows to walk over a small hill一個人跟隨路徑走上小山C A bridge that connects two land masses連接兩塊大陸的橋D A rainbow that can be seen in the sky天空上可以看見的彩虹Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is A: The path of a planet as it travels around the sun正確答案是 A: 當行星繞著太陽的軌跡Box 12:If you stretched apart two opposite sides of a circle, it would look like an ellipse.假如你伸展了圓圈的兩邊，它將看起來像是橢圓。Word: Epicycle週轉圓圈Word ID: 862018Strand: 4Topic: [Solar System]

[太陽系]Used: [SF4][SG4][SH4]

Box 1:EpicycleSam's physics teacher illustrated an epicycle on the chalkboard when discussing how people first thought planets orbited Earth.Sam的物理老師在黑板上解釋了週轉圓圈，當他們討論到人們一開始以為行星都繞著地球轉。What is an epicycle?什麼是週轉圓圈？A square drawn within a larger square一個大正方形內部的正方形A long, straight line that keeps going and never ends一條又長又直線往前延伸沒有盡頭A circle with a center point that moves along a circular path圓圈中的中心點沿著Box 3:An epicycle is a circle with a center point that moves along the circumference, or circular path, of another circle.週轉圓圈是一個有中心點的圓圈，中心點會在圓周內移動或一個圓的軌道，或另一個圓上。Early astronomers who thought that the sun, moon, and planets revolved around Earth, used the concept of an epicycle to explain the changes in the motion and direction of the other planets that they observed when looking at the sky. Once astronomers realized that the planets move around the sun, not around Earth, they figured out that the planets do not move in an epicycle.早期的天文學家認為台揚、月亮和星球是繞著地球旋轉。過去用週轉圓圈來解釋他們觀察到天空中星球的移動及方向上的改變。一旦天文學家了解到星球是繞著太陽轉而不是地球，他們搞清楚星球不是以週轉圓圈移動的。Here is a simple diagram of an epicycle as it was once used in astronomy to model the motion of the planets.這裡有一個簡單的週轉圓圈圖解。天文學家曾經使用這個圖型去模擬星球的移動。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:What were epicycles once used to explain in astronomy?在天文學上曾經怎麼解釋週轉圓圈？A The motion of Earth around the sun地球繞著太陽的運轉B The motion of the moon around Earth月亮繞著地球的運轉C The changes in the motion and direction of the planets星球在移動上及方向的變化D The apparent motion of the sun across the sky太陽在天空中的表現運動Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is C: The changes in the motion and direction of the planets正確答案是 C:星球在移動上及方向的變化Box 12:The prefix epi means "upon or on the outside." The word cycle can mean "to go around completely" or "over and over again."前綴詞 epi意思是在外面之上。而 cycle這個字有完整的走一圈或是一再又一再的。Word: Excretory System排泄器官Word ID: 602020Strand: 3Topic: [Digestive System]

Used: [SF3][SG3][SH3]

Box 1:Excretory SystemMisha learned that kidneys are an important part of a person's excretory system.Misha學到了腎臟是人類排泄器官的重要一部分。What does the excretory system do?排泄系統是做什麼的？Helps digest food幫助消化食物Removes body waste排出身體的廢物Produces offspring產生後代Box 3:

The excretory system is the body system that eliminates waste from the body. It is like a trash removal service—it removes unnecessary or dangerous materials from the cells and body of a living organism.排泄系統是身體系統中排除身體的廢物。它就像是一個垃圾移除服務，它從細胞中和有機物的身體移除不需要或危險的物質。The excretory system is also the system of organs that regulates the amount of water in the body. The bladder and kidneys are part of the excretory system.排泄系統也是一種器官的系統，它會調節身體中的總水量。膀胱和腎是排泄系統的一部分。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:Which of the following is part of the excretory system?下列哪一項是排泄系統的一部分？A Ureter輸尿管B Pancreas胰線C Bone marrow骨髓D Spinal column脊柱Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is A: Ureter正確答案是 A: 輸尿管Box 12:

The excretory system eliminates unnecessary or dangerous materials from living organisms.排泄系統從生物中排出了不需要或危險的物質Word: Expansion膨脹Word ID: 602021Strand: 2Topic: [Heat & Temperature][Physical Properties][熱＆溫度][物體性質]Used: [SF2][SG2][SH2]

Box 1:ExpansionThe expansion of a hot air balloon is what makes it able to float in the air.熱氣球的膨脹是可以讓熱氣球漂浮在空氣中。What does expansion mean?膨脹的意思是？Staying the same size大小不變Getting smaller逐漸變小Getting bigger逐漸變大Box 3:Expansion occurs when something increases in size or volume. Expansion can be observed when a gas such as oxygen is put inside a balloon or other container that can stretch.膨脹發生在當物體的尺寸或體積增加。膨脹是可以被看到的，當氣體像是氧被灌進氣球中或其他的容器時，它們會膨脹。The tires on cars sometimes expand when it gets very hot outside. The heat causes the expansion of the air in the tires and the rubber stretches.車子的輪胎有時候會膨脹，當室外是非常熱的時候。這熱空氣引起輪胎中氣體的膨脹並伸展橡膠。The large balloon in this photo is expanding as it is filled with hot air.這圖片中的大熱氣球當灌進熱空氣時，他開始膨脹。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:Which of the following is an example of expansion?下列哪一個是膨脹的例子？A Water being poured into a glass水倒進玻璃杯中B A bicycle tire leaking air from a nail hole腳踏車的輪胎因為插進鐵釘而漏氣C A stomach growing larger after a huge meal在吃下一頓大餐後胃變大D A plant dying and shriveling up植物死去和枯萎Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is C: A stomach growing larger after a huge meal正確答案是 C: 在吃下一頓大餐後胃變大Box 12:When you blow into a balloon, you make the balloon expand.當你把空氣吹進氣球中，你讓氣球膨脹Word: Extinction絕種Word ID: 602022Strand: 3Topic: [Adaptations][Fossils][適應][化石]Used: [SF3][SF4][SG3][SG4][SH3][SH4]

Box 1:Extinction

In biology class, the students learned about the extinction of the saber-toothed tiger.在生物課上，學生學習有關劍齒虎What does extinction mean?絕種的意思是什麼？The survival of a species僅存的物種The introduction of a new species新物種的傳入The elimination of a species物種的消失Box 3:Extinction is the word used to describe what happens when a species (a specific kind of organism) disappears forever. Most past extinctions are thought to have been caused by changes in the environment.絕種是這個字是用來敘述當一種特別的物種永遠消失的情況發生，大部分過去絕種的動物是被認為是因為環境的改變所引起。If the members of a species die more quickly than they reproduce, the entire species will eventually die out and become extinct. When a plant or animal species is on the verge of extinction, people try to protect the few that remain, in the hopes that they will begin to increase in numbers and survive.假如這物種的死亡的數量比繁殖數量多，這全部的物種最後將死亡和絕種。當一種植物或動物是瀕臨絕種時，人們會試著保護剩下的一些，希望牠們將可以開始增加數量和存活。Here is a statue of the dodo bird, which is now extinct.這裡有一張現在已經絕種的古代巨鳥雕像

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:The extinction of dinosaurs occurred long before there were any humans on Earth.恐龍的絕種發生在地球還沒有任何人類之前Which of the following must be true as a result?

下面哪一項的結果是真的？A No person has ever seen a living dinosaur.沒有人曾經看過活生生的恐龍B Dinosaurs were hiding in places.恐龍被藏匿在某處C People probably killed all the dinosaurs.人類可能殺了所有的恐龍D Dinosaurs will be coming back again soon.恐龍很快地將會再回來Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is A: No person has ever seen a living dinosaur.正確答案是 A: 沒有人曾經看過活生生的恐龍Box 12:Animals that are now extinct include dinosaurs, the dodo bird, the saber-toothed tiger, and the woolly mammoth. The American bald eagle was once on the brink of extinction, but thanks to conservation efforts is no longer endangered.已經絕種的動物包括了恐龍、古代巨鳥、劍齒龍和長毛象。美國禿鷹也曾經在絕種的的邊緣，但由於保育的結果，已經不再瀕臨絕種狀態。Word: Focus焦距Word ID: 602024Strand: 5Topic: [Tools & Devices][工具＆設備]Used: [SF5][SG5][SH5]

Box 1:FocusWhen you use a microscope, you may need to change the focus to see things more clearly.當你使用顯微鏡時，你可能需要改變焦距才能更清楚的看東西What is meant by focus?焦距的意思是什麼？The clearness or sharpness of something being viewed能觀察到物體的清晰度或銳利度The position of something being viewed能觀察到物體的位置The size of something being viewed能觀察到的尺寸Box 3:

When something is in focus, its details can be seen clearly. There is no fuzziness or blurriness.當物體在焦距中，它的細節將可以被看的很清楚。焦距中沒有模糊不清或模糊強度。Light that passes through instruments such as microscopes, telescopes, and binoculars can make objects appear larger in size. But the light must be in focus for us to see things clearly. That means the light that passes through a microscope, telescope, or binoculars must come together at the same point. If this does not happen, the object will look fuzzy or blurry.光線可以穿越像是顯微鏡，望遠鏡和雙筒望遠鏡的儀器可以讓物體變大。但光線必須是在焦距內，我們才能看的清楚。這意思是光線可以穿越顯微鏡，望遠鏡或雙筒望遠鏡，然後在同樣的一點中聚集。假如光線沒有聚集在同一點，物體將看起來模糊或不清楚。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Box 5:In which of the following statements is the word focus not used correctly?下列哪個敘述使用焦距這個字不正確？A He stepped on the gas pedal, and the car went into focus.他踩了油門，然後車會到焦距中B He used a camera with an automatic focus.他使用照相機有自動對焦的功能C He adjusted the focus of the telescope.他調整了望遠鏡的焦距D He couldn't get the photo into focus.他無法讓照片對焦Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is A: He stepped on the gas pedal, and the car went into focus.正確答案是 A: 他踩了油門，然後車會到焦距中Box 12:

People who wear glasses need the lenses in the glasses to help them focus on the things they see. Focus can also mean to concentrate on something so that you can think more clearly.帶眼鏡的人需要眼鏡的鏡片去幫助他們看東西能對焦。焦距也意味集中精力在某事以至於你能清楚的思考Word: Formula公式Word ID: 602025Strand: 2Topic: [Chemical Properties][Structure or Matter][化學性質][物體結構]Used: [SF2][SG2][SH2]

Box 1:FormulaThe science teacher asked her students to always remember the chemical formula for water.科學老師要求她的學生要牢記水的化學公式。What is a formula?什麼是公式？A special mixture of things that include water一種特別物質的混合物，包含水A description of what something is made of描述物質是由什麼組成的A map that shows where different things are found顯示不同東西被發現的區域Box 3:In science, a formula is like a list of ingredients found in a substance. A formula tells how the ingredients are related. Formulas usually use letters and numbers to tell what is in a substance and in what amounts. For example, the formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. This formula tells us that carbon dioxide is made of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.在科學課上，公式像是物質中一系列的清單。公式是分辨組成物質的關聯性。公式通常使用字母和數字告知物質中有什麼和有多少。舉例來說，二氧化碳的公式是 CO2。這化學式可以讓我們知道二氧化碳是由一個碳原子和兩個氧原子構成。A different type of formula is one that tells you how to make a mathematical calculation. For example, the formula for calculating speed is Speed = Distance ÷ Time.不同種類的公式是告訴你如何做不同的數學計算。舉例來說，計算速度的公式是速度＝距離除以時間。Box 5:Which of the following is not a formula?下列哪一個不是公式？A 10:00 AM

10:00 AMB NaClNaClC CO2

CO2

D S = d/tS = d/tBox 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is A: 10:00 AM正確答案是 A: 10:00 AMBox 12:Some people say that the formula for success is to study and work hard. This advice could be written using this formula: Success = Studying + Hard Work.有些人說成功的公式是知識加上努力。這建議可以被寫成成功＝知識＋努力Word: Front鋒面Word ID: 602026Strand: 4Topic: [Weather & Climate][天氣＆氣候]Used: [SF4][SG4][SH4]

Box 1:FrontThe weatherman explained that a cold front was moving in.氣象員告知將有一道冷鋒進來What is a front?什麼是鋒面？A mass of clouds that carries snow, rain, or hail大量的雲是帶著雪、雨或冰雹The heavy winds that accompany a thunderstorm伴隨雷陣雨的大風The border between air masses of different temperatures不同溫度空氣團中的界線Box 3:A front is where two air masses of different temperatures and different moisture levels meet. When this happens, there are many changes in the weather. The air pressure, wind strength, wind direction, temperature, and cloud cover all change. 鋒面是界在兩種不同溫度不同濕度的空氣團相互接觸的地方。當鋒產生時，天氣有許多變化。氣壓、風的強度，風的方向，溫度和雲都會全部有變化。

A warm front marks the edge of a warm air mass. A cold front marks the edge of a cold air mass. Knowing where warm fronts and cold fronts are located can help you predict the weather.暖鋒是位在暖空氣團的邊緣。冷鋒是位在冷空團的邊緣。知道暖鋒與冷鋒所在的地方可以幫助你預估天氣。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Box 5:In which of the following sentences is the word front used correctly?下列哪個句子是正確使用鋒面？A The front blew down several tree branches.這鋒面颳倒了幾根樹枝B The front that moved in caused a strong thunderstorm.鋒面的來襲引起了強烈的雷陣雨C The front was so thick that we couldn't see very far.這鋒面是非常厚的，以致於我們無法看的很遠D The front where the fish swam was very warm.鋒面是魚游泳的地方且很溫暖Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is B: The front that moved in caused a strong thunderstorm.正確答案是 B: 鋒面的來襲引起了強烈的雷陣雨Box 12:It gets colder or warmer outside when a weather front passes through.

當鋒面經過時，天氣會變冷或便暖Word: Bloodstream血流Word ID: 602028Strand: 3Topic: [Circulatory System][循環系統]Used: [SF3][SG3][SH3]

Box 1:BloodstreamThe doctor warned that eating too much fatty food could block a person's bloodstream.醫生警告吃太多太多脂肪的食物會阻塞人類的血流What is a bloodstream?什麼是血流？The movement of blood through the circulatory system血的移動透過循環系統A transfusion of blood from one person to another輸血是從一個人的血到另一個人A buildup of fat and other things in the blood血液中累積的脂肪和其他物質Box 3:The bloodstream is the movement of blood through the circulatory system of an organism. Blood is circulated through the bloodstream in the human body by the pumping action of the heart. In humans, blood is pumped through arteries from the heart and through veins back to the heart.血流是血液的流動透過有機體的循環系統。藉著心臟的收縮，血液是透過血流在人體中循環。血液在人體中從心臟的動脈被輸送出然後透過靜脈流回心臟。

Image provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Sansculotte

Box 5:The bloodstream flows through which of the following?下列哪個是血液流過的地方A Heart心臟B Veins靜脈C Arteries動脈D All of the above以上皆是Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is D: All of the above正確答案是 D: 以上皆是Box 12:The bloodstream makes it possible for blood to get to different parts of your body. Your blood flows through thousands of passages, many of them very tiny.血流能讓血液盡可能到身體不同的部份。你的血液流過成千的通道，許多通道是非常小的。Word: Bacteria細菌

Word ID: 602030Strand: 3Topic: [Organisms][Disease][器官][疾病]Used: [SF3][SG3][SH3]

Box 1:BacteriaThere are many bacteria in the digestive system that help break down food.消化系統有許多細菌可以幫我們分解食物What are bacteria?細菌是什麼？Folds and twists in the small intestine在小腸內的皺折和扭曲Very small, single-celled organisms非常小、單細胞器官Very big cells that are dangerous to your body非常小並對身體有害的細胞Box 3:Bacteria are very small, single-celled organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. Bacteria are around us all of the time. They perform various functions and can be found almost anywhere on Earth.細菌是非常小、單細胞的有機體，只能在顯微鏡下被看見。細菌是無時無刻都在我們的周遭。它們執行多種功能和幾乎可在地球上的任何地方被發現。Most bacteria do not hurt us. Some bacteria are even helpful because they eat other, bad bacteria and prevent them from entering our bodies. When bad bacteria do enter our bodies, they can grow and become an infection. Doctors can treat bacterial infections with drugs called antibiotics, which kill bacteria.大部分的細菌不會傷害我們。一些細菌甚至是有幫助的因為它們吃其他壞的細菌和預防它們進入身體。當細菌進到我們身體時，他們成長然後感染。醫生可以使用藥物來醫治細菌感染，稱為抗生素，它們可以殺死細菌。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/USDA

Box 5:Where can bacteria most likely be found?細菌很有可能在哪被發現？A In smelly gym socks有臭味的運動襪B On the floor in the shower降在地上的一陣大雨C In the human body人體中D All of the above以上皆是Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is D: All of the above正確答案是 D: 以上皆是Box 12:Bacteria are a very simple life form. They can be found inside your body and just about anywhere else on Earth. But they are not easy to see. You need to use a microscope to see bacteria.細菌是非常簡單的生活型態。它們會在你身體中被發現，且就在地球上的各處。但它們不容易被看，你需要使用顯微鏡去看細菌。Word: Behavior行為Word ID: 602031Strand: 3Topic: [Ecosystems][Habitats][生態系統][棲息地]

Used: [SF3][SG3][SH3]

Box 1:BehaviorIf an animal becomes frightened, its behavior will change.假如動物被受到驚嚇，它的行為將改變。What is behavior?行為是什麼？A response to the environment對環境的行為Another word for "life cycle"生命週期的另外一個字The part of the brain that is used to think可以用來思考的腦袋一部分Box 3:The way that an animal responds to its environment is called behavior. An animal's behavior, or actions, often changes in response to changes in its environment.動物回應環境的方法叫做行為。動物行為或行動通常會隨著它的環境改變而改變。Behavior is not limited to just one individual. Animals can change their behavior as a group, too. For example, a flock of birds may not fly south for the winter as early as they normally would if an area is experiencing unusually warm temperatures. Or, a group of deer that normally travel on one path to find food may change their behavior and find another route if the path is flooded or blocked.行為是不被侷限在一個人的。動物也可以改變它們群體的行為。舉例來說，一群鳥可能無法在冬天盡早往南飛，假如那各區域正經歷到不尋常的溫暖溫度。或者，一群鹿一般都在一條路徑上覓食，但假如這路徑被淹沒或是堵住時，它們會改變行為找到另一條路徑。Box 5:Which of the following would be an example of a change in behavior?下列哪個是行為改變的例子？A A group of fish grow to be very large in the ocean.在海中的一群魚將會長得非常大B A baby that is born looks different than another baby.一個剛出生的嬰兒看起來跟其他嬰兒不同C A group of birds that cannot find insects to eat begin eating worms.一群鳥無法找到昆蟲吃所以開始吃毛毛蟲D A zebra has stripes on its body to help it hide from other animals.斑馬有條紋在牠的身體可以幫牠躲藏，讓其他動物找不到Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is C: A group of birds that cannot find insects to eat begin eating worms.

正確答案是 C: 一群鳥無法找到昆蟲吃所以開始吃毛毛蟲Box 12:The word behavior can mean how a person acts. For example, a teacher might tell a parent that a student displayed good behavior in school.行為這個意思是人如何反應。舉例來說，老師可能告訴父母學生在學校表現的很好。Word: Carbohydrate碳水化合物Word ID: 602032Strand: 3Topic: [Food & Nutrition][食物＆營養] Used: [SF3][SG3][SH3]

Box 1:CarbohydrateA potato has very high levels of carbohydrates.馬鈴薯有非常高的碳水化合物。What is a carbohydrate?什麼是碳水化合物？A compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen結合碳、氫和氧的化合物。A type of potato that only animals eat動物只吃一種的馬鈴薯A compound made of fats and oils由脂肪和油組成的化合物Box 3:A carbohydrate is a compound that is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A carbohydrate is formed when carbon (carbo-) and water (-hydrate) are joined together.碳水化合物是由碳、氫和氧的化合物。碳水化合物是當碳和水摻在一起時組成的。The production of carbohydrates is the result of photosynthesis in plants. The plants store and use the carbohydrates in many ways. Some carbohydrates are stored in roots, such as in carrots and potatoes. Others are found in sweet fruit, such as strawberries and apples.碳水化合物的產品是植物光合作用的結果。植物儲存與使用碳水化合物以許多方式。有時碳水化合物是儲存在根上，像是胡蘿蔔和馬鈴薯。其他會在其他的水果中像是草莓和蘋果。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/USDA

Box 5:Where are carbohydrates produced?哪裡會產生碳水化合物？A In eggs蛋B In plants植物C In nuts堅果D In meat肉Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is B: In plants正確答案是 B: 植物Box 12:Carbohydrates are important for our bodies. They can be found in many foods, such as bread and pasta. The prefix carbo and the suffix hydrate give clues about what carbohydrates are made of.碳水化合物對我們的身體很重要。它們可以在很多食物中被發現，像是麵包和義大利麵。前面碳化合物和氫氧化合物給我們有關於碳水化合物是由什麼組成的線索。Word: Chemical Reaction化學反應Word ID: 602033Strand: 2Topic: [Chemical Properties][Structure of Matter][化學性質] [物體結構]Used: [SF2][SG2]

Box 1:Chemical ReactionAkeem learned that the rust on his car was caused by a chemical reaction.Akeem學到車上的鏽是由化學反應引起的。What takes place during a chemical reaction?在化學反應中會發生什麼事？A substance changes into another form of the same substance.一個物質改變成同樣的物質但不同型態A substance keeps its form but changes its color.一個物質可以保持它的形態但改變顏色A substance changes into another substance.一個物質可以改變成另一個物質Box 3:When any substance changes into a different substance, we say that a chemical reaction has occurred. When there is a chemical reaction, the chemical properties of a substance are changed by the atoms being rearranged in the substance.當任何物質改變成不同的物質時，我們說化學反應已經發生。當有化學反應時，物質的化學特性是藉著物質中的原子重新排列而改變。For example, when wood is burned there is a chemical reaction. The hydrogen and carbon in the wood interact with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide gas, water, and carbon (ashes). The wood that has been burned is different from the wood before it was burned. A chemical reaction has taken place.舉例來說，當木頭被燒，就是化學反應。木頭中的氫和碳與空氣中的氧反應，產生碳酸氣、水和碳（灰）。木頭被燒是與燒之前的木頭不同。這就是化學反應發生。Box 5:Which of the following would not be considered a chemical reaction?下列哪一項不是化學反應？A Wood burning and leaving a pile of ashes燒完的木頭後留下一堆灰燼B Water turning into ice when put in the freezer當把水放進冷凍庫時，水變成冰C Metal parts on a bicycle rusting over time腳踏車的金屬部分隨著時間生鏽D Water separating into hydrogen and oxygen水可以分成氫和氧Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is B: Water turning into ice when put in the freezer正確答案是 B: 當把水放進冷凍庫時，水變成冰Box 12:

If you place a log into a fireplace and set it on fire, a chemical reaction will take place. After the fire is done burning, all that is left are ashes.假如你放一塊圓木到壁爐去並點火，化學反應將會發生。當火燃燒完後，剩下的都是灰燼。Word: Blood Vessel血管Word ID: 602034Strand: 3Topic: [Circulatory System][循環系統]Used: [SF3][SG3]

Box 1:Blood VesselIf you look closely into a mirror, you can see the blood vessels in your eyes.假如你非常近看鏡子，你可以看到你眼睛中的血管What is a blood vessel?什麼是血管？A long piece of muscle很長的肌肉部分The center part of the eye眼睛的中間A tube inside the body that carries blood在身體中帶血液的管道。Box 3:A blood vessel is a stretchy tube inside your body that carries blood. If you have ever felt your pulse in your neck or your wrist, you have felt a blood vessel throb.血管是身體中帶著血液有彈性的管道。假如你曾經在你的脖子或手腕上摸到跳動，你可能感覺到血管脈搏。When a nurse or doctor measures your blood pressure, they are measuring how much your blood presses against the walls of the blood vessels in your body. Blood vessels are scattered throughout the body and can be very large or very small. Arteries, capillaries, and veins are all types of blood vessels.當護士或醫生衡量你的血管時，他們衡量你身體中的血壓擠壓血管壁有多少次。血管也是分散在你身體中的可以是非常大或非常小。動脈、微血管和靜脈都是血管的種類。

Photo provided courtesy of Wikimedia Commons/Arbay

Box 5:Which of the following are blood vessels?下列哪一項是血管？A Arteries動脈B Capillaries微血管C Veins靜脈D All of the above以上皆是Box 8:Very good! Your answer is correct.非常好！你答對了The correct answer is D: All of the above正確答案是 D: 以上皆是Box 12:When the heart pumps, it pushes out blood in a rhythm. Blood vessels throb along with the pumping action.當心臟跳動時，它會按照韻律送出血液。血管搏動是跟著心臟的跳動。