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HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF GARDEN DESIGNILLUSTRATED NOTEBOOK 

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Ancient Egypt 2000 BC – 000BC

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Geography

Figure 1 Northern Nile Valley  (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2014) the map shows

location of the Egypt and the river Nile.

 T!e ci"i#i$%ti&n &' %ncient Egypt (e"e#&pe( &n t!e n&)t! &' A')ic% in t!e %)i(

c#i*%te+ T!%t %)e% !%, 'e- (i,tincti"e .ey ge&g)%p!ic 'e%t/)e, t!e A)%1i%n %n(

Li1y%n (e,e)t, %n( t!e Ni#e Ri"e) -!ic! 3&-, ')&* L%.e 4ict&)i% n&)t! int& t!e

5e(ite))%ne%n Se%+ Bec%/,e t!i, )egi&n )ecei"e( %#*&,t n& )%in'%## t!e Ni#eRi"e) -%, % *%6&) .ey t& t!e 1%,e '&) t!e '/t/)e e*pi)e &' t!e Egypti%n

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ci"i#i$%ti&n+ T!e )i"e)1%n., )ic! in 'e)ti#e &%,i, in t!e *i((#e &' g)e%t (e,e)t,

-!ic! %##&-e( t!e Egypti%n, t& (e"e#&p int& % p&-e)'/# ,t%te 1%,e( in

%g)ic/#t/)%# -e%#t!+ Egypt7, (epen(ence &n % )i"e) %, it, #i'e ,&/)ce -%, n&t

/ni8/e+ T!i, (epen(ence -%, c!%)%cte)i,tic &' ,e"e)%# %ncient )%ce, inc#/(ing

t!e 5e,&p&t%*i% %n( In(/, ci"i#i$%ti&n, t!%t )e#ie( &n t!e Tig)i,9E/p!)%te, %n(

In(/, )i"e), )e,pecti"e#y+ (World Museum, 2014)

 T!e Egypti%n t&&. %n %("%nt%ge &' t!e #&c%ti&n 1y t!e p)&:i*ity &' t!e Ri"e) Ni#e

%n( ,/))&/n(e( 1y (e,e)t+ Egypti%n 1y /,ing t!&,e '%ct&), ,t%)te( t& c/#ti"%te

t!e #%n( %n( ,t%)te( %g)ic/#t/)e+ T!ey /,e )i"e) t& ;## /p p& (/)ing 3&&(, %n(

,t&)e it '&) ()ie) *&*ent,+ T!ey (e"e#&pe( i))ig%ti&n ,y,te* 1y /,ing t!&,e p&

&) -e##, %n( 1/c.et t& 1)ing -%te) (i)ect#y ')&* T!e Ni#e+

Figure 2 Ipuy tomb, eir el!"adinah, 12#$ %&. (World Museum, 2014). 'haduf

(shadoof) is a machine to move water from a lower place to a higher place.

Religion and philosophy

 T!e Re#igi&n in Egypt -%, p%)t &' e"e)y(%y #i'e

Be#ie', – G&(, c)e%ti&n *yt!, %'te)#i'e

 T!e p)i*%)y %i* -%, – %ccept%nce &' t!e g&(, %n( ent)y int& t!e %'te)#i'e+ S&

t!ey ,/))&/n(e( t!e*,e#"e, -it! )e*in(e), %n( ,y*1, &' t!ei) 1e#ie' 

A)t -%, % *e%n, &' c&**/nic%ti&n 1et-een t!e e#ite t!e )e,t &' ,&ciety %n( t!e

g&(,+

F&/n( in t&*1, in t!e '&)*, &' !ie)&g#yp!ic, ')e,c&e, &n t!e -%## %n( ,c/#pt/)e

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Re#igi&/, ,y*1i,* %n( *e%ning -%, %n &"e))i(ing t!e*e in %)t (e,igne( t&

p)&6ect % pe)'ect "e),i&n &' )e%#ity in -!ic! t!e)e -%, n& e"i# int& ete)nity+ It

,!&-e( (epicti&n, &' G&(, )e#igi&/, 1e#ie', n%t/)e %n( t!e en"i)&n*ent –

inc#/(ing g%)(en,+ (Wikipedia, 2014)

 T!ey 1/i#( te*p#e, -it! &ne &' t!e '/n(%*ent%# p%)t -!ic! -%, % g%)(en+

 Te*p#e, "e)y &'ten )ep)e,ente( e#e*ent, &' t!e c&,*&,+ A "it%# e#e*ent &' t!e

te*p#e g%)(en -%, -%te) -!ic! -%, ,y*1ic &' t!e p)i*&)(i%# -%te), &'

c)e%ti&n+ T!e,e -%te), -e)e t!e *%ni'e,t%ti&n &' t!e g&( N/n %n( 8/ite &'ten

t!e)e !%, 1een %n i,#%n( #&c%te( in t!e cente) &' t!e 1&(y &' -%te) t& ,y*1i$e

t!e initi%# *&*ent, &' c)e%ti&n+ T!e 1&(y &' -%te) '#&-e( t!e e%,t

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P)ie,t,

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S#%"e,< t!ey -e)e in Egypt % )e#%ti"e#y ,*%## g)&/p+ Di( n&t !%"e %ny )ig!t,

1e#&nge( t& t!e P!%)%&! &) t!e -e%#t!y Egypti%n,+ T!ey -e)e /,/%##y *en t%.en

p)i,&ne) 1y t!e %)*y &' t!e Egypti%n )/#e)+ T!e #%,t in t!e py)%*i( %n( *%.ing

*&,t &' t!e p&p/#%ti&n %)e t!e /n,.i##e( ,#%"e, %n( pe%,%nt,+ (Tangient LL, 2014 )

History of Art and Architecture

Figure /. well!preserved painting from the tomb of an Egyptian builder

'enned0em, in eir el!"edina (1th dynasty) presents a cultivation of

cereals, as well as plough using, but -rst of allan orchard and a

3owerbed, located on -elds surrounded by canals. 4rees and 3owers

 planted alternately with great regularity prove the careful planning of the

garden. (World Museum, 2014)

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ure # 5ainting from the tomb of Nebamun, 4hebes  (World Museum, 2014) 

ctangular -shpond with ducs and lotus planted round with date palms and

it trees in a fresco from the tomb of Nebamun 4hebes 17th d nast    World

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_(plant)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_(plant)

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Figure 8. 4he garden scene of tomb at 4hebes (Jellioe, 1!!") depicts the elegant

and ephemeral nature of domestic rchitecture and the decorative use of plants

such as the vine trellis and the pomegranate trees.

Neit!ic pe&p#e, -%, c&/p#e( t&get!e) 1y t!e 1&n(, &' 1i)t! t!ey -e)e n&t

e(/c%te( !ie)%)c!ic%# ,&ci%# ,t)/ct/)e t!e c&(i;e( 1e#ie' ,y,te*,

%(*ini,t)%ti&n+ Di( n&t .n&- t!e Sc)ipt/)e, -e## %#t!&/g! it, &)igin, (%te 1%c. t&

t!e c/#t/)e &' t!e 4inc% %)&/n( 00 BC+ T!e ;),t %("%nce( ,e(ent%)y c/#t/)e

>i+e+ %g)ic/#t/)%#? t!%t nee( %n( c%n c)e%te g)e%t %)c!itect/)e '&)*e( &.+ 000 BC

in Egypt %n( #&-e) 5e,&p&t%*i% S/*e)i%n e)%+ S&*e .in,!ip in t!e &)n%*ent%#*&ti', /,e( in t!e %)t &' t!e,e t-& c/#t/)e, in(ic%te t!e e:i,tence &' % (eepe)

1/t (ic/#t t& (ecip!e) t&(%y c&*p&/n(,+ A c&**&n 'e%t/)e &' t!ei)

%)c!itect/)e i, % g)e%t )%- ,c%#e %n( *&n/*ent%#ity &' )e#igi&/, %n( '/ne)%)y

&e)ing,+ It i, %*%$ing t!%t t!e,e ;),t &)g%ni$e( c/#t/)e %#t!&/g! !i,t&)ic%#

,c%#e t!%t /n(&/1te( %c!ie"e*ent 1/t -it! ,ti## "e)y p)i*iti"e tec!ni8/e

c)e%te( 1/i#(ing, &' e:t)e*e#y !ig! %)ti,tic #e"e# %n( ,c%#e -!ic! i, % c!%##enge

e"en '&) *&(e)n c&n,t)/cti&n tec!ni8/e,+ (World Museum, 2014)

History of gardens and horticultureEgypti%n, %)e c)e(ite( %, 1eing &ne &' t!e ;),t g)&/p, &' pe&p#e t& p)%ctice

%g)ic/#t/)e &n 8/ite 1ig ,c%#e+ T!i, -%, p&,,i1#e 1ec%/,e &' t!e ingen/ity &' t!e

Egypti%n, %, t!ey (e"e#&pe( 1%,in i))ig%ti&n+ T!e Egypti%n *et!&( inc#/(e, %

net-&). &' c%n%#, (i.e, %n( ,#/ice, 1%,in, -!e)e ,&*e &' t!&,e -e)e '&/n( in

i##/,t)%ti&n, &' t!e te*p#e g%)(en+

T!e Egypti%n, c/#ti"%te( % -i(e )%nge &' '&&(,t/, >g%)#ic &ni&n )%(i,!

#ett/ce p%),#ey (ie)ent 1e%n, %n( #enti#, *e#&n, %n( g&/)(, (%te, ;g,

g)%pe, %n( #%te) t!e p&*eg)%n%te i"e %pp#e pe%c! %n( pe%)? %n( % g)e%t

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture

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"%)iety &' !e)1, ,pice, %n( *e(icin%# p#%nt,+ A, -e## 200 ,pecie, &' 3&-e)ing

%n( %)&*%tic p#%nt, !%"e 1een i(enti;e( ')&* )e*%in, '&/n( in t!e t&*1,+ (!aeyer, 200")

Acc&)(ing t& B%eye) t!e Egypti%n, 1/i#t ,&*e g%)(en, &n (ie)ent #e"e#, t!%t

-e)e #in.e( 1y te))%ce, inc&)p&)%te( -%te) 'e%t/)e, in t!ei) g%)(en, %n(,ep%)%te( t!ei) g%)(en, int& (ie)ent ,ecti&n, 1y /,ing -%##, #ine, &' t)ee,

pe)g%, etc+ T!e %ncient Egypti%n, c#%,,i;e( t!ei) g%)(en, 1y t!ei) '&)* -!%t

-%, g)&-n in t!e* %n( t!e 1/i#(ing, t!e g%)(en, -e)e %tt%c!e( t&+ (!aeyer, 200")+

Garden plans

Egypti%n H&*e G%)(en -e .n&- ')&* t&(%y@, *&(e# in t!e t&*1 &' 5e.et)e II

5en!/t&!ep% C!%nce##&)+ %## p%inting, p)e,e)"e( in t!e t&*1, (epict g%)(en,

-%##e( g%)(en, c&n,i,ting &' ,*%## p&n(, -it! ;,! %n( %8/%tic 1i)(, "eget%1#e

p#&t %n( )&-, &' t)ee,+

Figure 9 Figure 7

:eft. "odel of the house garden of chancellor from "eetre;s tomb (+orld

"useum, 2$1/) house gardens the elements of which include ponds inhabited by 

-sh and water (ponds), also vegetable growers, vineyards and lines of trees.

6ight. 6econstruction of palace Egyptian garden (World Museum, 2014) the comple<

consists of a walled house, surrounded with decorative gardens, and the

neighboring farming garden. =se of wall out side of the house was use as

boundary and completion of the composition.

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 T!e (e,t %n( *&,t '%*&/, &' t!e ,&

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A1&/t Egypti%n Te*p#e g%)(en, -e .n&- #itt#e %#t!&/g! it *%y 1e %,,/*e( t!%t

in ,& *%ny %,,/*pti&n, %, #&c%te( &n t!e 1%n., &' t!e Ni#e K%)n%. in -!ic!

t!e)e -e)e t-& g)e%t ,%c)e( L%.e %t #e%,t %)&/n( t!e,e t%n., %n( Sp!in:e,

'&)*e( t!e #ine, &' t)ee,+ It i, p&,,i1#e t!%t p%)t, &' t!e (en,e#y 1/i#t

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