Water treatmentلكل مهندسين الجودة

.

אא

אאאã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]

אאאא

٢٤١٢٤١

א٢٤١אאא

،،אא،אW

אאאאאאאאאאא א א א א ،א א א

אאאאאא،אאאאאא

אאאK

אאאאאאא א ،א אא

، א א א אא א א א،אאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאא א א ،א

אא،אאK

א א ?א ? ? ?א אאאאאאK

אאאאאאא

،א،אאאאאאאאאK

، א אאאאK

אאאא

אאאא

אא

אאא<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ

אאאא

א

א

١

א٢٤١אאאאאאא

אאאאאאJאאJ،אאאאאא

אאאאKאאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאאאKאאאאא

אKאאאInternational Desalination Association:

IDA-٢٠٠٠،١٢٠אאאאKאאא١٤٠٠٠א٣٠אKאאאאאFאאאא

אEא٥٠٪אKאאאא٢١٪אאK

אאאאאאאאאאKאאאאאא،

אאאKאאאאאאאאFאא

אEא،Fאא،אאKE،אאאאאאאKאאא

אאFאאאאEאאאא

אאFאKEאאא٤٠٠Kאאא١٠٪

אKאא٤٠אKאא

א٢٤١אאאאאאא

אאאאאאFאEאאאאK

אאאFאאאאא،אEאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאF

Eאא،אאFאאאאאKE

אאאאאKאאFאEאאאFא

אאEאאאאKאאאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאא

אאK

א٢٤١אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאWאאאW

١J ،אאאאא٢J ،אא ٣J אאא، ٤J ،א ٥J אאאאK

אאאW

אא٩٠K٪

אאWאא

אאW

Kאאאאא

אאWאאאאאJאאאJ

אאאאאאK


אא

א٨٠٪אאאאאא،אא٩٧א٪א،אאאא٢٪

אאאאאK

אאאאWF١EאאKF٢EWFEא،،א،א

א،אאא،אאאאא،אא

א،אאאאKאאאא

אאKFE،،א

אאאאאאKאאאאK

FEאאK

FEאאאKF٣E،אאאא

אאאאאK


אאאאא٩٨٪א

אאא،אאאאKאKאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאא،אאאאאאאאאKאאא

אאאאאK

١אWאאK

אאאאאאאא

אאאאKאאאאאאאF١KE


אאאאאאW١Jאא

א ،א א א א א א Kאאאאאאאאא

אאאאא،אאKאאאאK

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאא١٠٠،אאא

אא،W،אאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אא Kאאאאאאאאאאא٢٠٠٣٠٠אאאK

٢JאWאאאאאא

א،אאאKאF١Eאאאא

אאאאאאאWJאאאאא،אא

אא،אאאא،אא،א،K

Jא،אאאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאK

אאאאא אאאא

א א א F٢ E א אאאK


א א٤٠א א،אאאאF٣Eאא

אKא א א אא

א א ،א אF٤ Eא،אאאא

אאKW١אFאEאא

٧٠٠٠ א

١٣٠٠٠ אא ٢٥٠٠٠ אא ٣٣٦٠٠ אא ٣٣٨٠٠ אא ٣٩٤٠٠ אאא ٤٢١٠٠ אאFאE٤١٢٠٠ אאFE ٤٢٣٠٠ אא

٢אWאאאאאאWאא אFאE א

٠٨}٦٨ ٢٣٤٧٦ אNaCl ٤٩٨١ ٤٤}١٤ אMgCl٢ ٣٩١٧ ٣٦}١١ אNa٢SO٤ ١١٠٢ ٢٠}٣ אCaCl٢ ٦٦٤ ٩٢}١ אKCl ١٩٢ ٥٦}٠ אNaHCO٣ ٩٦ ٢٨}٠ אKBr


٢٦ ٠٨}٠ אHBO٣ ٢٤ ٠٠٧ אSrCl٢ ٣ ٠١}٠ אNaF ٣٤٤٨١ ١٠٠ אא

٣Wאאאא Cations אא

١٠٥٥٦ Na+ א ١٢٧٢ Mg++ א ٤٠٠ Ca++ א ٣٨٠ K+ א ١٣ Sr++

١٢٦٢١ J אאW

א Anions אא

١٨٩٨٠ Cl- ٢٦٤٩ SO٤

-- ١٤٠ HCO٣

- ٤}١ F- ٦٥ Br-

٤}٢١٨٣٥ אאW٢٦ J

٤}٣٤٤٨٢ J אא٤Wאאא


אאE٪F א א א א

١٠٥٥٦ ١٣١٦٢ ١٢٣٦٠ ٦١}٣٠ ٦٠}٣٠ ٩١}٣٠ Na+

٣٨٠ ٤٧٣ ٤٠٠ ١٠}١ ١٠}١ ٩٣}٠ K+

٤٠٠ ٤٩٧ ٤٧٥ ١٦}١ ١٦}١ ١٠}١ Ca++

١٢٧٢ ١٥٨٤ ١٥٥٥ ٦٩}٣ ٦٩}٣ ٦٠}٣ Mg++

١٨٩٨٠ ٢٣٥٩٠ ٢٣٥٠٠ ٠٤}٥٥ ٩٢}٥٤ ٣٧}٥٤ Cl-

٢٦٤٩ ٣٤٥٨ ٣٦٧٥ ٦٨}٧ ٠٥}٨ ٥٠}٨ SO٤--

١٤٠ ١٧٣ ١٤٦ ٤١}٠ ٤٠}٠ ٣٤}٠ HCO٣-

٣٤٤٨٢ ٤٢٩٥٣ ٤٢٢٢١ ١٠٠ ١٠٠ ١٠٠ TDS

٢J٤WWאא،אאאא

אאאא،אא،אא

אאF٥Eאאאאאאא،אאאא،אאא

אאאאאא،אFBrackish WaterEאאאאאא

אK

٥WאאFBrackish WaterEאאFאEאK


٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١ אא ١١٧٠ ٥٠٠ ٤٩٤ ٥٤٢ ٧٤ א

١٤٨ ١٢٠ ٦٥ ١٠٢ ٢٠٤ א ٤٨ ٧٢ ٤٠ ٥٤ ١٢٧ א J J J ٩ J א J J ٢ J ١ א J J ١ J J א J J J ٣ J א

١٣٦٦ ٧٠٣ ٦٠٢ ٦٩٨ ٤٠٥ א

٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١ אא ٢٠٤٠ ٢٥٢ ٧٢ ١٠٩٠ ٥٠ א

١٣٧ ١١٧٠ ١٠٦٠ ٣٨ ٩٨٤ א ٢٦٠ ١١٠ ١٥٩ J ٩٦ א J J J J J א J J ٨}٠ ٤ J אא J J J ٢}٠ J א

٢٢٧٣ ١٤٢٣ ١٣٩٦ ١٢٣٨ ١١٩٣ א J J J J ٢٥ א

١٥٩٨ ١٩٣٦ ١٩٩٨ ٢١٢٧ ٣٦٦٤ א٢}٧ ٨}٧ ٤}٧ J ١}٧ אא


אאאאWW٥٠J١٥٠٠אא

א١٥٠٠J٢٥٠٠٠אא٢٥٠٠٠J٥٠٠٠٠אא

FBrineE٥٠٠٠٠א

٤J٤אאאאאאאWאאאאא

אאאא،אKאאאאא،א،אא

אאאא،א،אאאאאא،אאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאא

אאאאאאא،אFאאאאאE

אאאאאאאKאאאאא٢אK

אאאאאא،אאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאא١٠J١٠٠א،א

אKאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאK


אאאאאאא

١JאאWאא،אאאאא

٦٠٠،אא٣٠אאאאאאא،אאאK

א

אLאLא

אא٥٦٨א١٥٠٤٦٥١١٠אאאא٣٤٠٩٠

א٣٠٣٨٠٢٩٠٧٧א

אא٢٤٥א٦٥٢٢٥٦٠

אאאאא٤٠א٪אא٣٣٪אאKאאאא

אאאאאאKא٪א٣

אא٣אאא٥

א٤

א٦אא٣٨

אא٤١


٥J٢Jאאאאאאאאאא

א،אאאאא٥٠٠אאאאאאאאאKא

א،אאאא١٥٠٠אKאא

٤٠٠٠אא٣٤٠٠א،אא٣١٣٠אאא،אאא

٦١٠٠אKא،אאאא

אא،אא،אאאא،אא،אא

אאא،אKאאאאW

JאאאאאאW

א

FLE٠٫٠٥

٠٫٠١

٠٫٠٥

٠٫٠١

٠٫٠١

٠٫٠٠١


JאאאאאאאאאW

אאאאא

אאFEאא

Lאא

L١٠J١٢٩}٠٨}١

١}١٢J٦}١٤٨}٠٥}١٧}١٤J٦}١٧٨}٠٣}١٧}١٧J٤}٢١٧}٠٢}١٥}٢١J٢}٢٦٧}٠٠}١٣}٢٦J٣}٣٢٦}٠٨}٠

Jאא،אאאא

אאאאא،Fא٧א٨EK٧אWאאאאא

אאאאFאLE


אאאא

אאאא

אאא

אאא

אאא

٥}١٧}٠J٥}١٥}١٢٥}١J J١٥J JJ J

١}٠J J٢}٠J J١}٠א٢}٠٢}٠J JJ JJ Jא٠٥}٠٠٥}٠٠٥}٠٠٥}٠J JJ J١}٠١١J J

٠٠٥}٠٠٠٥}٠٠٠٥}٠٠١}٠٠٠١}٠٠٥}٠٠٠٥}٠٠٥}٠٠٥}٠١}٠J٥}٠

J JJ JJ JJ J١}٠١١}٠١١١٣}٠٣}٠٣}٠٣}٠٥}٠

٠٥}٠٠٥}٠٠٥}٠٠٥}٠٠٣}٠١}٠٠٥}٠٠٥}٠٠٥}٠J J

٠٠١}٠٠٠١}٠٠٠١}٠٠٠٢}٠٠٠٠٥}٠J J٠٥}٠J JJJJ J

٠١}٠٠١}٠٠١}٠٠١}٠J J٥١}٠J٣٥٥١

٨אWאאאאאא


אאא

אא

אאא

אא

א

א

אאJ J٠١}٠J JJ J٣}٠אאJ J٥}٠١}٠J JJ JאאJ J١}٠J JJ JJ Jא٠٣}٠J J٧}٠J JJ J

١J J٣٠J JJ Jאא٣J J٤٤}٠J J

٣٠J J١٠٠١٠٠J Jא١٠J JJ J٥J J

א

٠١}٠J JJ JJ JJ J

١٠אJ JJ JJ JJ JאJ J٥}٠٢J J١

אJ J٢}٠J J٥}٠٥}٠

אאאא

א


אאאא

א

א

٢


- ١٥ -

אאא

،אאאא،Kאאאאאא

אKאאאאאאאK

،אאאאאאאאאאאאK

א،אאאאאאאאאא?Wאא

K?،אא١٦٥٠،אאאא١٨٠٠אK

אאאאא،אאאאאאאאאא

אא،K٦٢٥٠٠٠،Jא

אא١٩٣٠אK،אאאא

אאא١٩٣٦אFWOLF AND MARREאאאאאK

א،אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאא،אאאאK

١٩٥٠אאאאאאאKאא١٩٥٠

אאאאאאK


- ١٦ -

אאאאKאאא

אאאא،אאאאאאאאאאK

אאJאJאאאא٨٠٠٠אאF٢KE

אאאא،אאאאאאאK

אאאא،אאא،אאאאא

א،אאKאאKאא

אאאאאאא،אK


- ١٧ -

אא

אאאאFאEאא(flashing)

אאאאFEאאאאא،אאFאE

אאאאK

אFאאF١EאאEאאאאאFאKE

אאאאאאאFאE،אאאאKא

אאF،אאאאאאE

א(distillate) product water)(K

אאאא،אאאאאאאKאFEאאא

אאאאא(demister) אאאאאאא،א

Kא،אאאא


- ١٨ -

אאאM.S.F

،אאאאאאאאFאKEאאא

אאאKאאאא(multi stage flash-MSF) א

אא،אF١E،אאאאאFאKEאאאאא

אאאFEא،אא(multi stages) KאF١Eאאא(MSF)

אאF١EאאאFאאE KאאאאFאאEאא

אF٢EאF٢Eאאאאbrine heater אאKאא

אאF٣Eאאאאtop brine temperature (TBT )א،F٩٠J١٢٠KEאא

אאאTBT א،،אאK

אF٣EאאFאF٩٠J١٢٠EE،אאאTBTFא

אF٩٠J١٢٠KEאאאאאאFאsuperheated water Eא،FאE

אאFאEflashing אאFאEאF٤Eאאאא،

אאKאאאאאFאאEא،

אאFאEאFאEאF٥KEאא


- ١٩ -

אFאEאאאא،א،אאאאאF٥E،אsuperheated

water אאאא،אFאאEאא

،אאF٦E،א،אא،אאאF٧Eא،FאאEאא

אאאKאאאאFאאE،אFאאEא،

،אאF٨E،אאאF٩KEאאאאא١٥–٢٥K

אאאאonce through אFאאאאאEא،

אאאאאאאKאאאאFאאא

אאאאאא،אאאEKKKKאFאאKEאא

KאאאאאK

אא(brine recycle) אאאK

،אאאאאאא(recirculation method) אא (brine recycle) א،F٣E

אאא،FEאאא(heat recovery section)،אאאheat rejection Kא

אFא cooling water E،F١EאאFאJ،אאאאאאF٢KE

FאאE،F٣Eא،א(make-up water) אאאא،


- ٢٠ -

(pre-treatment) אא،(deaerator) KאאאאאK

،אאאF٤E،Fאאreject/rejected brine אblow downEאאא

،אאאF٥E،אא،F٦Eאא،אאאאheat recovery section אא

אאאאאאF٧KEאאאF٨EאTBTא،

אאאF٩Eאאאאאא،אאF١٠EF٤EאאאF

אEאאKאאF١١EאאאאKK

אא(recirculation method) אאאF،אאאאאאאEאאאאא،

אאKאאאאא،(brine heater) Kאא(heat recovery section)אאא

אאאאאאאא،אFא٦٠٠٠٠אEאאאאK

אאאאאאאאK

אאאאאאאא

אF١Eאאאאאאאא٥٠٠٠٣Lא–K

אF٢Eאאאאאא٢٥٠٠٠٣LF٥}٥אEאF٤٦א

אKE


- ٢١ -

F١Eאא٥٠٠٠٣LF–א–E

אאאאאא

אאא

אאאאא

אFEאאאאא

אאאא

אאאאאאא

אאאא

אFאאEאא

אאא

٥٠٠٠٨J٩

١١٠٢٥٢٧

١٥٧٠٤٣٩٠٠١٨٤٧٦٣٠٠٠

٢٠١٧٣

٧}٢٥١٠١٢}٣٩١}٣٨٥٤٥٣٣٧

٣LאL

א

٣Lא

א٣Lא

א

א

Lא

LאLא


- ٢٢ -

F٢Eאא٢٥٠٠٠٣LאFא–אE

אאאאאא

אאאFE

אFEאא

אאאאא

אאאאא

אאאאאא

אאא

٩٨٦٤٤}٣٦}٩٠٨}١١٢

٢٥٣٥

٥٠٠}٤٦٦٥٠٠٠٢٤٥}٧٠

٢٢١٩٣

٣LאL

א

אאא

אאאאאא

אאא،אאאFא

אאEא،אא،א،KKKKKKKKKKאW

JאאW

אאאאאאFאאEאאאאאאאא،F

אKEWJאאFאאZEאאאא


- ٢٣ -

אאאאאאאFאEאFאE

אאCאאאאCאflashing range Fאאאאא(TBT)א،

EWJאאאZאאCאאאאCא

אאאאLאא،אLאאאLאK

אאF٤J١EאאWאאZ١٨٤٧٣LאC١٨}٤LKCF١١٠_٤٠E

٢٢٨٣LJאאW

אאPerformance Ratio ( P.R)אאאאאאאKאאאאאאאFאE

،אאאWJאאZאאFLאE

אאאאFאEאאאLFLEK

אא،אאאאאGain Output (over) Ratio (G.O.R).

א( G.O.R.)ZאאFLEאאאFLE

אFEFEאא،٧J٩Kאא٧–٩אאKא

אאאא(Flashing Range)אא،KאאF٤J١EאW


- ٢٤ -

אZאאZ٥٦٨٠L٢٤Z٢}٩אא٧}٢٥

ZאCאאאCאCאאאCאאא

ZאDאא אZz١١٠J٢}٣٩xDz١١٠–٧}١٠١Zx٥}٩

אאאKJאW

אאאאאא(Availability Factor A.F.)אא،אא( In Service Time )

אאKאא(A.F) ،אאאאאא،אא،א

،אאא،אאאאKKKKאא٨٥٪אF١٥٪אEאא،

אאKJאW

אאאאאאאKאא،א،אאא،א

KKKKאאאאאאF،אאא،KKKEא،Fאא،א،KKKKE


- ٢٥ -

אאאאאאא

אאאאא (Mature Technology)FאאE

אאאאKאאאF١٠٠٠٠٠אKEאא٥٢٥

אKאאאאאאאאאא،אאא

FאאKEאאאא٢٠Fא١٩٧٩אאKEא( Rehabilitation )

א٣٠–٤٠אFאאאאEא،אאאאאאF

אאאאאאאKEאאאא

אאKאאKאאאאאא

אאKKאאאאאא

Kאאא١٢٠،אאKאאאא

אאFאאKEאאאאאKאF١E،F٢Eאאא٧–١٠אאא

אאא٨אFאE،٤KKFEאאK

אאאאאאאKאF٨E،F٩E،אאאאא

אא٦٤٪אא٥٠٠٠א٧٠٪אא١٠٠אK


- ٢٦ -

אF١٠Eאאאאאאאאאאאא٣٣٪

אאא،٢٤٪،א١٤K٪

אאאאאאא

אF١١EאאאKאאאאאאW

١Jאא،FאE،،אאאאא( De- superheater )،א

אאK٢Jאאא،אFEא،

אאאאאאאאK٣Jאאאא

אאMake – upאFDistillate EBlow Down K٤JאאאאאK

אF١٢Eאאאאאאא(T)א(m) K

אאאא،אאאא(TBT)،אאאאא

אאWאאאK

אאאאKאאK

אKאאK

אאאא،אK


- ٢٧ -

אאאא،אאאאאאאK

אאאאאא

אF١٣Eאאא٢٠

٣Lא،א(TBT) ٧٠٤٠FאאKEאאאאF٨٠E٧٠E

FEאא ( Process Calculations ) אZאCאאאCאא

אאאאZאCאאא

אאאCאאZ٢٠FLאEC٢٣٧٠LF٥٥E

١٨}٤LKCF٧٠J٤٠EZ٢٠FLאEC٩}١٨Z٣٧٨Lא

אאאF٩}١٨EאאRecirculation Ratio KאאאK

FEאאאאאאאאאאFאאא

EWאאZאאאK

FאאאCאאאCאאEFZאאCאאאCאאKE

אאאאאאאFEא

א٣٧٨אLאK


- ٢٨ -

FEאאאWאאאאא

ZאCאאאCאאZ٣٧٨LאC١٨}٤LKC١٠Z٤٣٧٥LאC١٨}٤LKC١٠Z٩}١٨٢LZ٩}١٨٢א

Fאא١٠٠אFאEW

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Z٩}١٨٢Lא٢٢٥٨L

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EאBrine Concentration RatioאzZאxDzאx

ZאFאא–אEאאCאא

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٢٠C٣٧٨


- ٢٩ -

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אאאאאFLאEאאאW

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١٨}٤FLKEC١٠Fאאאאא

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אאאאאאאאאE

Eאאאאאאאא

אאאWאאאZאאאאCאאאאC

אאK


- ٣٠ -

FאאאאEאאאZ٨٠٠אL٢KF–E،٢٠٠٠FאL٢KFE–KEא

אאאאאZ

z٩}١٨٢אC١٠٠٠אLאxDz٨٠٠FאL٢KEC١٠FZxE٨٦}٢٢٢Z١אאF٢٨٧٥}١Eא

WאzZאאxDzאCאCאx

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א٧٠٠אKאאאא١٠٠א

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٩٠٨٠KאאאאK

אאאאZאאאDzאאאCאאx

אאאאZאCאאאCאאZ٣٧٨FLאEC١٨}٤FLKEC٥Z٤}٩١א

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אאאK


- ٣١ -

אאאאאאאאאאF٧Eאאאאא

אא(Brine recirculation)אWEאEvaporator

אאF١٤Eאאאא٢٥אאKאא

אאאאKאאאאאאאאאאא

אאF١٥EEאאBrine Heater

אF١٦EאאאאאאFאאKEאאאא

אאKאא،(Heater )אאא( Condenser )אא

( cooler ) אKEאא Ejector W

אאאאאאאFאאאא،אאא

אKEאאא ( Vacuum ) אאאאF١٧Eאאאא،

אא Condenser אאאאאKEאא Circulating Pumps

אאאא( Brine Recirlculation Pump )אBlow Down Pump אא Product Water Pump אאCondensate Pump

FאאאStand- by pumpאאאEאאאK


- ٣٢ -

Eא Seawater cooling system אאאאאHeat Rejection Section

،F٧EאMake –up water אאאאא

אאאאאאאאאFאא

אא–אאאאEאאFאאאאאEאאאא

אאאאאTempering KEא Make – up seawater system

אאאא Product Water אא Blow Down אאאא

אאאאאאאאאאא

אPHKEאHeating Steam System

א،אאאא( TBT) אאKאאאא

אאאFEאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאDe –

superheater אאאאאFאאאEאא Condensate

אאK


- ٣٣ -

EאVenting systemאאאאאא،אא،

אאDeaerater אאאאאאאEjectorKאאאאאK

EאUtilities & other systemsFאאEאאא

אאאא،אאFire Fighting Systemאא،אא Electric Metors،אאא

א،אאאאא،אFאEאאKKKKEאאBrine Recirculation System

،אאאאאאKאאאאBrine Recirculation Pump

אאאאKאאאאאFאאאEאא،Kא

אאאאאאTBT אאSaturation Temperature אא

א،אאFEאאאאאאFEאאאאאאKא،א

KאאאBlow Downא،אאא،אא

אאKEאאProduct Water System

،אאא،FאEאFKא،EאאKKKא

Kאאאאאאאא


- ٣٤ -

KאאאאאאKאאאאא

אאאKEאאBlow Down System

אאFאאאEאWeir،א،אאא

אFKEאאאאא،אאאאאK

Eאאא

אאאFeed Water Pre- treatment System אאאProduct Water Post Treatment System

אאאאK


- ٣٥ -

אא

אאMulti ( multiple ) Effect ( ME or MED ) אאFאאEא،

אאאאאאאKאBoiling אאFאאE،אK

אאאא،אאאאFE،אאאאאא

٧٠،אאאאאאFאאאאא١٢٠KE

אאאאFאאE،F–Effect Eאא

אאKאאאFאEאאאאKא

FאאאאאאKE

אאאFאEאאאFאE

אאאKאאאאאאKאF١٨Eאא

אאאאKאאאאFcooling water EאF١Eא

אF٢KEאאF٣EאאאF٤KEאאאF٥E

،אאF٦EאF٧KEאאאF٨Eאא،אא

אאאאאאF٩EאאאאF


- ٣٦ -

אEאאאאF١٠E،אאאאאאF١١KEא

אאאVacuum SystemאF١٢KE

אF١٩EאאאאאVertical typeאKאאאFEא

F١EאאאF٢EF٣EאFeed Water Pumpא،אא،

אאF٤EאאאFאא،FE٥Eאאא

אBoiling temperatureאא٧٠Fא٣}٠KEאאאFאאEאאאFאאFE

٦EאאאKאאאאאאאאF٧FEאאאא

אKEאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאFאאEאא٣J١٦Kא٢٠٠٥٠٠٠٣LאKאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאK


- ٣٧ -

אאאאאאא

אאאאאאאKאאאFאEאא

אאאK

אאאאאאאא

אאאאאאKא١٢٠KEאאאFאאE١٠–K١٥F

٨}٠CאאאKEאאאאא١٢אאFאE،٨}١FE

אאKא٥٠٠٠٣אא٥א٢٥אKאא

אאאאא،אא،אאאאאאא

Availability אא Reliability Kאאאא٢٠KאFאאאאEאא

אאFאאאאאאKEאאא،א

אאKאאאאאFאאאאאE،

אאאאאא٧٠אK

אאאאאאFאאאא٣٠KEא

אאאאאאא،


- ٣٨ -

אאKאF٨E،F٩Eאאאאאא٦}٣٪אא

٤٠٠٠،א٤٪אא١٠٠אאא

אאאKאF٢٠EאאאאאME א VC FאEאKאאאא

אאאאאאאאKאא

אF٢١EאאאאKאא ( Qin ) F٨٠٧٠Eאאא

א٥א٦٥Fא٦٥א٢٥}٠KE

א،Kאא،אאא

FאאEאאFEF٢١Eאאא،א٦٥אא

א٦٥KאאאאFאאאאKE

،אאאאאWאאאאW

אאאא( Qin ) ١٨٣אKא٢٠LאF٢٣٢}٠LEאא ( B / D )

٢٠אLאF٢٣٢}٠LKEא٤٦٤}٠LKאZאאאא

אאאCאאZ١٨٣LDz١٨}٤LKC١٠Zx٢٧٧}٤L


- ٣٩ -

א(Sea water) אKאאאאאאאZאאKאF٢١EWאאאZQin Hאאאא

אאאZאאFאHEאא (PW)Hאא( B/D )

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אאאאWEאאF٢١WE

אאאZQin HאKאאZאHאאאK

אאW١٨٣LFH٤٦٤}٠C١٨}٤C٤٠zZEM١xC٢٦١٨FH٤٦٤}٠–M١EC١٨}٤C٦٥

אאאאZ٠٥٧}٠LF٩٦}٤LאKEEאאF٢١WE

אאאZאF٦٥HEאF٦٥EאאZאאF٦٠HEאאF٦٥HE

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F M١ Eא٠٥٧}٠LאאאאFM٢E٠٦}٠LF٢٢}٥LאKE


- ٤٠ -

Kאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אKאאאK


- ٤١ -

אא

אא(Vapor compression)

אאאאאאאF٥٠٠٠٣אKEאא١٩١٠،א١٩٢٠

אאאאאאאאאFאKEאF٢٢EאאFאEאFאE

F١EאאFאאPreheater Eאאא(PW) FאאאE(B/D)א

FאאאEאאא،F٢EFEאF٣Eאאאאא

אאKאאFEאא،F٤EאאאאFאאא

אא،אאKאאאאאאאFאE

אאאאאאKאאא،אאאFאאא

אKEאF٢٣E،F٢٤EאאאאאK

אאאאאאאWJ

Eאא(Mechanical Vapor Compression MVC)FאאKא

אאאאאאKאF٢٢EF٢٤E


- ٤٢ -

אאאא،אאאאא،אאאK

Eאאא(Thermal Vapor Compression TVC)אFEEjectorאא

אאאאאא(Suction Pipe)Nozzel،אאKאF٢٥Eאא

אאאאאאאKאF٢٦E،F٢٧EאאאאאK

אF٢٨Eא٢٥٠٠٣Lאאאא

אאאאאKאא١٠٠٥٠٠٠٣Lא

א٥א٢٥אKאאאאאFאKE

אא٧٠،אאאא،אאאא

אאאאאאKאאאא٢٠FאאEאFא

אאאEאאאאFאאאאאאאאאאאKE

א،אאאאאKאאK

אאKאF٢٨EאאאאאאKאאFאא

אאKEאאא٢٥٠F٪אאאאאE(Live or Driving Steam)א


- ٤٣ -

אאא(Entraind System) ،אאKאאאאאאא

אאFאאאאאE،אKאאאא

٧٠אאאאאKאאאאאאא٧J٩KKF

EאאאאאאFאKאאאאE٢٥٠٪אאאא

אאאאא،אאאאאא

אאאKאF٨E،F٩Eאאאאאאא٢٪

אא٥٠٠٠٣Lא،٤א٪אא١٠٠אKאF٢٠EאאאאאאK

אא

אF٢٩EאאאF١٣KEאאאאאאא

אאאאKאF٣٠EאאאאאאאאF٢٩KE

אW

אאאFaEאאאFcKEא(a)(b)Fא–אEאא (b) אא(b)

אא(c) (d) ،אאF٣٠E(d) אאאא٤٠F٠٧٤}٠EW

א(d)zZא(b) Hא(c)xD٢zZ٢٥٨٣H٢٥٧٤xD٢Z٢٥٧٨L


- ٤٤ -

אF٣EאאאאאאאאFא

אEאEאא١}١Kא٦٥٪אאאאאF٢E

F٣EאאאF٢٩E

אFאEאאFאEא

٤٢٩

٥}١٢٥

١٤٠

٤

٥

٦

٢٥٨٣

٢٥٨٣

٢٥٧٤

٢٥٧٨

٣٤٧٣

a

b

c

d

٢

٣

אZzאF٢E–א(d)xDzאF٢E–א

(d) xFאF٢EאאאאאK

٦٥}٠zZ٣١٦٠_٥}٢٥٧٨xDzF٢E–٥}٢٥٧٨xאאF٢ZE٣٤٣٧L

אאאZF٢E–(d) Z٣٤٣٧J٥}٢٥٧٨Z٨٩L

אאאFEZ

C٢٠LאFZ٢٠D٦ELאZ٠٣٨٦}٠L


- ٤٥ -

אFZ٢C٠٣٨٦}٠ELC٥}٨٩٤LZ٦٩אKאאאאאW

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FאHאECאF٣EF٠٧٧٢}٠C٣٤٧٣HEM d/sC٤٢٩FZE٠٧٧٢}٠HM d/sEC٢٦٨٠

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אאאאאFאאE

אCאאZאאCאאאאZאאZ٢٠LאאZ٢Cא

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א٥٥}١٢Dz١C١٤}٣C١٢٨}٠Zx٧٥

אאאFאEF٤J٣١E

אאאWF٢٠D٣ECF١٠٢–١ZE٤٠CF٤٠J٣٥E١Z١٠٢–F٦C٥ZE٧٢

אאאW٤٠F٣٥J٥}٣٢FZE٢٠D٣ECF٢٧J١FzHE٢٠C٢ED٣xCF٥٠–E

١٢٠C٥}٢Z٢٠F٧٢–٢HE٤٠F٥٠–٢E


- ٤٦ -

٦٠ Z١٤٤٠J٢٠٢H٢٠٠٠J٤٠٢٦٠Z١٤٤٠H٢٠٠٠J٣٠٠Z٣١٤٠٢Z٣}٥٢

אאZ٤٠LאC١٨}٤CF٤٠–٥}٣٢ZE٥}١٤אאא٥}١٤אDF٥}٠C٧٥}٢٣ZE٢}١٢

אאא

אאאאאאMRאאאאאFאEW

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٣٧٨LאאאZ٢٣٨D٢٠Z٨}١٨

אאאאW

אאZאאCאאאCאא٣٧٨LאC١٨}٤C١٠Z٩}١٨٢א

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- ٤٧ -

אאאWאאZאאZ٤٥}٩١א

אאZאאאZ٤٧}١٢אZ١

אZ٤٠אF٢٥٪Eאאאאאא

אF٤E،F٥EאאאאאFאאאאאאאEWJ

Eאאאא(MSF)Eאא(ME)Eאא(VC) Eאא(RO)


- ٤٨ -

F٤Eאאאאא

אאא

אא

אא

MSF

١LאFאEאא٣

٢Lאא٥אJ٢٥א

٣Lאאאא

٤Lאא٣LאF

٦٠٠٠٠٣LאE

٥Lאאאא

٦Lא

אא

ME

١LאFאEאא٣

٢Lאא٥אJ٢٥א

٣Lאאאא

٤Lאאאא

Eאאא

Eאאא

Eאאאא


- ٤٩ -

אVC ١LאMVC

٢Lאא٥אJ٢٥א

٣Lא

٤Lא

٥LאאאאW

EאאאK

Eאאא

Eאאאא

אא

R.O.

١LאאאאK

٢Lאא٣٠٠–٥٠٠אK

٣LאאF١٠٠١٠٠٠٠٠٣LאE

אא

٤Lא٢٥J٣٠٪

אK


- ٥٠ -

F٥EאאאאאאאW

אא

א

א

א

א

א

F٣LאE

Lא

٧٠

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٢٤٠٠٠F٥}٤E٥٠٠٠

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١٠٠٠

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L٣

٨١٢

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LE٣

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אFELא

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F١٠٠٠J

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٣٠٠٠

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L٣

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אאאא

٤٠٠٠٣LאFE٪

٦٤٦}٣٢٧}٢٥


- ٥١ -

אאאא

١٠٠٣LאE٪F

١}٤٨٤٩}٣٩}٣٥

אF٣٢Eאאאאאאאאא

אאKאאאאא

אאאאאKאאאאאאא

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אEאF٢٨Eאאאא٢٥٠٠٣LאKאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאK


אאFא١٠٠٪אEאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאאאאא

אאאF٣٤EאאאאאאאאF٦EאאאאאK


- ٥٢ -

F٦Eאאאא

אאא

אאFLE١٠٠J٦٠٠

אאאFLאE٩}٠J٥}٥

אאאFE١٦٥–١٩٥

אFLE٥–٣٤٠

אאאFE٣٠–٩٥

אFLE٣}٣–٢٠

אאFE٣٦٥–٢٢٠٠

אאאFE٥}١–٧}٣


- ٥٣ -

א

אאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאKאא

אאFreezingאFאEאאאאאא

אאFאאEאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאF٤אJ٣٥EאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאK

א٣٦אF١EאאDeaeratorאFאאEF٢E

אאRefrigeration unitאאF٣EאאFאא

אאEאאF٤EאאאאאאF٥Eאאאאא

F٦EאאאאאאאאאאאF٧Eאאאא

אאאאאאאאאF٨،٩EאאFEאאאF١٠E


- ٥٤ -

אאאאFאEאאאאאאאאאEא

אאאאאאאKאא٤٠אא

אאאאאאאאאK


אFאEא،אא KאF٣٧Eאאא،

א،אאאאא،אאאאאאאאKאא

אא،אאאאאאאאאאKאאא

אאאאאאKאאאאKאאMembrane Distillation

א،אאאאFאאE،אאF٣٨EאאאאFא

אאEFאאEאאאא،אאא

אאFEKאאא

אאאאאFאL٣EאאאאK

אאאאאאKאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאא


- ٥٥ -

אאאאאאאאא،אF٣٩EF٤١Eאא،K

אאFאאEאאאאאאאFאאאE

אאFאאאאEאאCo- generation אאאאאK

אאFאאאEאאאKאאאא

אאאא،אאאאאאאאאא

אאאאKאאאאאאאאאF٤٢Eאאאא

אאאאאאאKאאאא

אא١٢٠אא،אאאאאFאא

אKE

אאאאאBrine HeaterאאאKאאא

אאKאF٤٣EאאאK،אאא

אאאאFאKEאאFEא،FECommon system

אאאAuxillary SystemKאאאאאאא

אאאאKא


- ٥٦ -

אKאאאFאאKE

KאאאW Membrane and Other Desalination Technologies

אאאאאאFאאKE

אFאEאא(Reverse Osmosis :RO) אא(Electro -dialysis ED or EDR)K

אאאאKאאKאאאאא،אא

אאא،אFאאKEאאאא،אא

אאאאאKאאאאאא

אK،אאאאאאאאK


- ٥٧ -

אא (Reverse Osmosis R.O)

١}١WאאאאאאKאאאאKאאאאאאאאאא

א(Osmosis)KאאאאאאאאKאאא

אאאאאFאאאאאאKE،אK

אא(Reverse Osmotic Process)אאאאאאאאFאאKE

אא(Semi permeable)א،،אאאK

٢٫١-אא

אאא،אאאאKאאאא

אאאאא(Softening)אאK١٩٥٢אאא

אKאאאאאFאאאאKEאא

אאאKאא(Spiral Wounded)אאאא

א(Hollow Fine Fibers)אאאאאKאאאאאאFאE

אאאK


- ٥٨ -

٣٫١-אאאא،אאא

FEאאFאאEאאFאאEא،אאאאKא(Osmosis Process)K

אאאאאאאאאאJאF١EJK

אאאאאאאאאאאKאאאא

אאא(Osmotic Pressure)Kאאאאאאאא

אאאאFאאEאאאאFאאKEאאאאא

אאאאKאא(Reverse Osmosis)אאאא

אאKאאאאFאאEאא(Osmotic Pressure) א

אFF١KEEאאאאא(Total Dissolved

Solids: TDS)אאאאאKאאאאFאEא٦٠٪אא١J١}١LאאF

א٠٧}٠EאאאאFא١٤٣٠אEJF٢KE

٥٠٠٠אאא٥٠٠٠G٠١}٠G١Z٥٠LאאFא٤}٣E،٣٢٠٠٠אאא

א٣٢٠LאאFא٢٢Eאאאאאאאאא

W


- ٥٩ -

،אאאאאאאאא،אאא

،אא،אאאאאא אאאאאאאא

،אKKKKKאKאאאא(Saline Feed Water)

(Pressure Vessel)אאא(Membranes)אאאא،אא

א(Brine)KאאאאKאאאאאא

אאFאאאKEאאא٢٠אא٧٠٪אאאאאא

אא(Rject)Kאאאאאא(Permeate or Water Product)JF٣EJK

אאFאאאאאאEאאאא،Fא

אEאאאאKאאאאאאאאF،א

אאאאא،אEאאאא،אאאFאEא

אJF٤KE٤٫١- א

אא(Semi Permeable)אאKאאאFאאE

א،אFEא(Hollow Fine Fibers)–F٥E–Uא،(Spiral


- ٦٠ -

Wounded Sheets)KאאאFאEאאFאאKEא

אאא١١٥אאא(Micro Filteration)אאאKאF٦EF٧E

אK٥٫١-אאא

אאאאא٠٤}٠١}٠אא٠١}٠JF٨KE

אאאKאא٩٠J٩٩٪אאאא١٠٠٪אאאFאE

FKEאאאאאאאא(Diffusion)Kאאא

אאF١EאאאK١אWאא

א אא אא

אאא

אאאאKא

אא

٣אJ١١א

אאאאאאא

א

אאא

אאאאאאK

אאאא

א٥}٣J٥}٦

אאא

אאאאאא


- ٦١ -

١-٦.אאאאאאאאאא

אא(Micro Filtration)אאאאא(Ultra Filtration)אאא(Nano Filtration)א

אאאאKאאא(Hyper Filtration)KאF٢EאאאאKא

F٣EאאאK٢WאאאאאK

א א אא

אאאאא

אא

אאאאא

אאאאא

FאאE

אאאאאא

אאאאאא

אאאאא

אאא

אFאE

F٥E

אאאאאאא


- ٦٢ -

٣אWאאK

א אאאא

אאא

אא

L٢

אFÅE

א

Tubular

Poly Salfone

J

אJ

١٠J٥٠ ٣٠J٢٠٠٠

Micro Filtrati

on (MF)

א

L

Lא

א

א

٢٠J١٠٠٠ ٧٥١٠

Ultra Filtrati

on (UF)

Flat Sheet Composit

es

אאא

Arom. Polyamides

א

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Derivatives

אCa++/M

g++

٥٠J٧ ١٥٠J١٠٠

Nano Filtrati

on (NF)


- ٦٣ -

Asymmetirie Fla

Flat

Composite

א

Asym.HFF

אCA

אאAliph.Polya

midesא

Arom.

Polyamides

Polysulfone

אpolyfuran

א

א

١٥٠ ٣٠٠ LP

٣٥٠ ٦٠٠ St. Br

٨٠٠ ١٢٠٠ Br

١J١٥ Rever

se Osmo

sis (RO)

١-٧.אW

אאא،אאKאאא

אW

١J אאא(Pre-traitment Pump)،٢J א(High Pressure Pump)، ٣J (Membrane Assembly (Modules)، ٤J אאא(Final) Post Treatment UnitK

אF٩EאאKאא

אא،אאאאאאF،אאאאא


- ٦٤ -

אאאאKEאאאFאEאא،FאE

אאאאאאFאEאא(Micro Filtration)אאK אאאאאאאF

אאEאאאאאאKאא١٧אJ٢٧FEא٤٥J٨٠אFאאKE

אא(Pressure Vessel)،FאF١٠Eאאאא(Semi Permeable

Membranes)אאאאאKאאאK

אאאא،אאאאאKאאא

(Second Stage)אF٩EKאאKא،אאLאאאא(Hollow Fine Fibers)Kאאאא

אאאאאא،אאאKאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאאאאKאאאא

א(Alkalinity)אאKאאאא

Fאא،א،א،אEא،אאאאאאאא

אא(Auxiliary Components)KאאאאאKא


- ٦٥ -

אא،אאאא(Energy Recovery)אאאאאK


- ٦٦ -

١-٨.-אאאאאאאW

١K אFאE،٢K אאFאEאאאא،א،

א(Recovery Ratio)، ٣K אא،אאאאאא

،א ٤K אא ٥K אKKKאK

אאאא

אאאאFאאאKE

٩-١.אאאאאאאאאאW

١K ،א٢K ،אא ٣K ،אא ٤K אK

א(Brine Flow)אא،(Reject)אאא

אאאאאKאאאKאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאאאFאאKEא

אאKאאאאא،אאK


- ٦٧ -

אא،אאאKאאאK،

אאאאK

אאאאFא٢٥ CאאKEאאאאאF

אKEאאאאאKאאא(Compaction)אא،K

אאאאאאאא(Hdrolysis)Kאאא

אאאאאKאאאK٩-١Kאאאאא

אאאאFאאBrackish waterEא،٣٦٪אאאאא

١٠٠א،א٢٥٪א٥٠٠٠אKאאאא(Availability Factor)F

אאאEאאא،٤J٨אLFאE،אאא

אאKאא٤٠٠J٥٠٠אFא١٠٪אEא،

Kאאאאאאא١٠٠J١٥٠אK

אאאאאF٤EאאK


- ٦٨ -

٤Wאאא

אא١J ،אאא

א٢J אאא٣٠٠J٥٠٠

א ٣J אאאאא٣Lא J

אW١J אאW٤FEJ٨FEKKL٣٢J אאאW٨٠٠J٢٤٠٠FL٣LאE ٣J אW٧٥}٠J٢٥}١L٣F،א

אE ٤J W٣٦٪א١٠٠F٣LאE

٢٥٪א٥٠٠٠F٣LאE Jאאאאאא

אF٦E|F٧EאאאאאאK٦Wאאאאא


- ٦٩ -

אא א

١JאFאEאא٣

٢Jאאא٥J٢٥א٣Jא א א

א٤Jאא٥١٠٣Lא٥Jאאאא٦Jא

אאאאF

MSFE

١JאFאEא٣א

٢Jאאא٥J٢٥א٣Jא א א א٤JאאאאW

١K אאא٢K אאא ٣K אאאא

אאFMEE

١JאFMVCE٢Jאאא٥J٢٥א٣Jא

٤Jאאא٥JאאאאאW

J אאא

אFVCE


- ٧٠ -

JאאאJאאאא

١Jאאאא

٢Jאא٣٠٠J٥٠٠א٣JאאF١٠٠٥١٠٣Lא

אא٤Jא،

٢٥J٣٥٪אK

אאFR.OE

٧Wאאאאאאא

אא

FROE

א

FVCE

א

FMEE

אא

FMSFE

א

٧٠٠٠٠ ٢٤٠٠٠ ٥٠٠٠ ١٠٠٠٠ א٣Lא

א ١٠J٧ ١٥J١٠ אאFL

E ٨ ١٢ א

א٣L٣

٤FE٨FE

٧J٤ ٨}١ ٩ אא

L٣ ٨٠٠J١٥٠٠ ٢٤٠٠J

٣٠٠٠ ٥٠٠J

٢٠٠٠ ١٠٠٠J٣٠٠٠

א٣L


- ٧١ -

٧٥}٠J٥}٠ ٢٥}١J٥}٠ ٥}٠ ١J٥}١ אא

FL٣E ٦٤ ٦}٣ ٢ ٧}٢٥ אא

אאא٤٠٠٠٣Lא٪F

E ١}٤٨ ٤ ٩}٣ ٩}٣٥ אא

אאא١٠٠٣LאE٪F

٢JאFאאEא(Electro-Dialysis (ED/EDR)) אאאאFא

Eא،K،אאאאFEא،

אFNa+E(Cation)אאFCl-E(Anion)KאF٨Eא

אאאאK٨Wאאאא

Cations Anions א Sodium Na+ א Chloride Cl-

א Calcium Ca++ א

Bi-carbonate

HCO٣-

- א Magnesi

um Mg++ א Sulfate SO٤--

א Potassium

K+ אא Nitrate NO٣-


- ٧٢ -

٢-١ KאאאאאאFאאEאא،א

FאEאKאאאא،אאאKאאא

،אאאאHHFJ JEא،אאאK

אאאאאLJאא–אאK

אLK٢-٢.אא

אאאFאאKEאאאאאF٢٠٠٠אE

אאK،אאאאFאא

Direct Current-DC-)KEאאאאאאKאא

א(Electrode)(Electric Charge)KאאאFKE

אאאאאEHF،אFJEא،EHHF،אFJ JEJF١١EJאא،K

אאFאE،אאאאאאאאאא

אאאא(Neutralization)Kאאאאאאא

אFאEJF١٢EJKאאאאJאאא

،אאאאאא


- ٧٣ -

אאJF١٣EJKאאא(Feed Water)אאא(Product Water)،

אאאא(Reject)א،Kאא،אאאאאא

א،אאאא،אאאאKאאאא

אאאאאא،אאFאKEאאאאאא

،אאאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאKאא

אFEאא،FאאEאאאKאאאאאKא

אאFאאאEאאFאאאEJF١٣EK


- ٧٤ -

٢-٣Kאאאאאא،אאJF١٤EW

١J אא،٢J א ٣J א ٤J K

אאא(Rectefier)،אא،אאאאאאאאאא

אJאF١٥KEאF١٤Eא،אא

א(Membrane Stack)Kאאאאאאאאא

אKאאאאאאאאאא،אאK

אFאE،אאאF٣٠٠٥٠٠KE

FאאEא،JאJא،אFאאEאא،Jא

אJKאF١٦EF١٧EאאKאאאאאא،אא

אאאאאאא،KFEאאאא،

אאא،Kאאאאא

אאKאאFאE،אאאאאא

אאאאאאא،


- ٧٥ -

אאאFאEאK

٢-٤ .אאאאאאא،אאאא

אאאKאאא،אאאאאאKאאאאW

אא،،אא،אאא

אאאאאא،אאאKאאא٢٧J٤٥K

אא١}٠א،א

FEא،אאא،אא אא א Kא א

אKאאא٣}٠א،אאאאא(Clean in Place (CIP))

K

K אאאאאא

אאK

K אא ،א א א א

אאאK

K אאאW


- ٧٦ -

J

Jא

Jא١٠א

J١}٠א

J٣}٠א

٥-٢.אאא(Electro-Doalysis Reverse (EDR))

אאאאKא،אאאאאא

א א א א א א Kא א אאF١٥٢٠Eא،אא

אאאא،אאאאKא אא א א K א א א

אאאאאאאKא١J٢אKא

א ،א א א א אאFאאKEאאא

،אאאאאאאK


- ٧٧ -

٦-٢.אאאF١٨EF٢٠٠٠אE

א אא K א ، Fאא אא א Eא א K

אFאEאאKאאאא א (sand Filters)א א א אא

(Cartridge Filters)א א א אאאKא א אא א F אא١٠٪١٥٪

אKEאאאאאאאK

٧-٢.אאאאאאאW

١K א א א F א א אE

٢K אאאא ٣K א א א א א

א ٤K אאאא


- ٧٨ -

٩Jאאאאא

א א

٩٠٪

٩٥٪

١٢٠٠٠א

١٠٪אF١٠אE

٥٥

٣א

١١٠

אא

אא

א

א

אא

אא

אאא

١٠Jאאאאא

אא אא א

אאא

אאא

א

אאא

אאא

אא

J

א

א


- ٧٩ -

אא

אאאא

،א

א

אאאאא

אאאאאא

א

אאאאא

אא

א

א

א

١٠٠٠٠אא

א١٠٠٠٠א٤٠٠٠٠

א

א

٥K אאאאאאאK א א אא א ٢٠٠٠

אFאאאא١٢٠٠٠אKEא א אא א א א א K

א K אא א ١٠ ٤٠٠٠א Kאא א١٠אKאF٩Eאא

אאא،אK


- ٨٠ -

٨-٢٢.אאאאאאF١٠EאאאאK

אאFIon ExchangeE١J אא

אא،אא،KאאאאFResinEא،אא،אאאאא

אאKאאאאFאResinEאאאאFCationsKEאאא

אא،אאFAnoinsE،FF١KEEאאאאאא

KאאאאאאאKאאאאאאא

K

אא

אא


אאאא

א

٣

א٢٤١אאאאא

- ٨١ -

אאאא

אאאאאאא ،א א א א א א

א א א א٧٠ ٪אאאאאאאא א א א א א א

אאK

אאאאאא،אאא

אאאאאKWאאאאא

١JאאF١٣٩٠WE

אאא١٣٨٩אאא١٩٨٣Lא

אאאאK٢JאאאאF١٣٩٠L١٣٩١١٣٩٤L١٣٩٥WEJאאW

אאאאאאאKאאא١٣٩٠١٨٩٢٥٣Lא

א٥٠אKאאאאK

א٢٤١אאאאא

- ٨٢ -

JאאאWאאאאאKא

١٣٩٣٢٨٤٠٠٣LאאKאאא

JאאאWאאאאא

٥٥٠א٣LאKאאא١٣٩٤אאאאK

٣JאאאאF١٣٩٥L١٣٩٦١٣٩٩L١٤٠٠EJאאW

אאאאאKא١٣٩٥א٤٧٣٣LאK

אאאאKJאאWאאאאאא

אא١٣٩٨א٣٧٩١٦٣Lא٨٥אאאאK

JאאאאאWא،אא

אא١٠٧٥א٣LאK١٣٩٨א١٤١٠אאK

JאאאWאאאKא

١٣٩٩א٤٧٣٣L،אאאאאK

א٢٤١אאאאא

- ٨٣ -

JאאWאאאא٤٧٣٣Lא

אאKא١٣٩٩אא١٤١٣אאK

JWאאאא٤٣٠٣LאאאKאא١٣٩٩אאא

KJאאW

אאאFאאאאEאא٧٥٩٨٧٣Lאאא

א٢٥٦אאאאKJאאW

אאאאאKא٧٧٤א٣LאאאK

אאא١٣٩٩אא١٤١٤אאאK

٤JאאאאF١٤٠٠L١٤٠١١٤٠٤L١٤٠٥WE

אאאאאאאאא

אאאא،אאW

JאאWאאאאאא

אKאאא١٤٠١Kאא٩٤٦٢٥א٣Lאאא٣٥٧אאKא

אאK

א٢٤١אאאאא

- ٨٤ -

JאאאWאאאאאא

אKאא١٩٠٥٥٥א٣Lאאאא٥٩٠٧אKאאאK

JאWאאאא٨٥٢٣LאאאKאא١٤٠١

א١٤٠٦אאKJאאאWאאאאאK

אא١٢٠٤٣LאאאKאאא١٤٠٢אאאK


אKאא١١٨٤٤٧א٣Lאאאא٣٦٠אKא١٤٠٢אא

אK


אKאא١٩١٧٨٠א٣Lאאאא٧١٠אKא١٤٠٢אא

אKJאאאאW

אאאאאא،١٤٠٣אאא١٠٣٢٣Lאאאאאא١٤٠٣אאאK

א٢٤١אאאאא

- ٨٥ -

JאאאWאאא،אאאאאאאאא

אKאא٨١٨١٨٥א٣Lאא١٢٢٥אאא١٤٠٣א

אKJאW

אאא١٩٥٢٣Lאאא١٤٠٣אאאK

٥JאאאאאF١٤٠٥L١٤٠٦١٤٠٩L١٤١٠WE

JאאאWאאאאאאאK

אא١٩٦٨٢א٣Lאאא١١אאKא١٤٠٦אK

JאאWאאא٣٧٨٤٣Lאאא

אאא١٤٠٦אאKJאWא،א٣٨٧٠٣LאאK

א١٤٠٧אאKJאאאWאאאאאא

אKאא٨٣٤٣٢א٣Lאאאא١٠٨אKא١٤٠٩אK

א٢٤١אאאאא

- ٨٦ -

JאאאWאאאFאאא

אEא،٨٣٤٣٢٣LאאKאא١٤٠٩א،א١٠٨

JאWאאאא٤٨٨٤٨٣Lא

א،א١٤٠٩אאאKJאאW

אאאא٣٧٨٤٣LאK١٤٠٩אאאK

JאאWאאאא٣٧٨٤٣L،א

א١٤١٠אאK

٦JאאאאF١٤١٠L١٤١١١٤١٤L١٤١٥WEJאW

אאאא٤٨٨٤٨٣L،אא١٤١٤אאK

٧JאאאאF١٤١٥L١٤١٦١٤١٩L١٤٢٠WEJאאW

אאאאאאאאא،אאא

١٢٠٠٩٦٣Lא١٥٠אKאא١٠٦٩٠٤אא

א٢٢٧٠٠٠אאאאאאאKאא١٤٢٠K

א٢٤١אאאאא

- ٨٧ -

٨JאאאאF١٤٢٠L١٤٢١א١٤٢٤L١٤٢٥WEJאאW

אא،אאא٧٨١٨٢٣LאFאאKE

JאאאWאא،אאאאא

٣٩٠٩٠٩א٣Lא٥٢٠אאKאאאאא١٩٤٠٠א

L١٣٨٩אL١٣٩٠٢}٢L١٤١٩אL١٤٢٠٧}١٦K٪

אאאאא٢١٪אאאאא،אא

א٣٠אא٣٣LאF٨٥٥EF٥٠٠٠אEK

אא

אא

אאאö¹]ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰

אאאא

א

٤


- ٨٨ -

אאאFeed water Pre- treatment

אאאאא

א אא א feed treatment Fאא א E אא א Pre-treatment K א

אאאcorrosionאscale depositesאאאאאKאאאF،E

א א ، F ، א KKKKKKKKK Eא אאאאאאאאאא

אאאKאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

א١אאאאאאאאאW

Lאאscreening systemLאFאאאא( Biocides K L א אא F א Anti Scalants א א Anti

FoamEKLא אאאא אDeaeration،אאא

א Fא Eא א אEvaporatorsK

אאאWLאאScreening systemK

LאאאאKLאאאFאאאCoagulantsK


- ٨٩ -

١WאאאאLאsedimentationK

LאאאאFא_אELאאאאאFאאאאKELאאא،אאאEאK

אאאאאא א אא א א א א

، א א א אא א ،א אאאאאK

אאאאאאאאאאאאא،

אאאאא،אאFאאאאEאאKא

א אא אאא אא א F٦٠٪אאאEK


- ٩٠ -

١Wאאאאא א

אאW- אFאE- א - א - א - א

אFאאEאFאאE

אאאא

אאא

אאW- אL

א- א

אW- אL

א- א - אLאL

א - אא - אK

אא

אא

אאאאא

אאאאא

אאאא

אאא

אאא؟

א א אא K א אאא،אK

Eאא،א،אK


- ٩١ -

Eאאאא،אאאKEאאאאאKEאFאEאאאאFא

אאKE E ،א א א א

، א א א א א١א א אא א،אאאאאא٢א

אאKאאאאW

אאאאאא K א J–אא א

،אא ٣ א א א א אא א ، א

אJא–א؛אאאאאאאEK

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אאאאאא٤אאFאאאאאEאאאאא

אאאאאאאאא٥אאK

א ٦ א א ،،א

א א א א א אאאאאאאאK


- ٩٢ -

אTurbidiy א א ، א אK

אאKאאאא،(NTU)אK

אאאאאאאא،אFאאאEאאאאKאאSDI

אאFאאאEאאאKאאאSlit Density Index א

אאאאאאאאאא א אא K ،א א ٧ F٤٥}٠ E

Kא١}٢א٥٠٠אאאT١א

١٥אFא،אאEא٥٠٠אאאFT٢ EאSDIW

SDI = ( ١- T١/T٢ ) ( ١٠٠L١٥ ) אT٢אאT١SDI=٥SDI

אאא٧}٦אאאאFאאאEאא

אאא،אאאאאאאאאK

אאFאEאאאאאאאאKא

W א W א א א א א F א א E א

א،W


- ٩٣ -

אאSand ( media ) filters א א א א א א K

אאאאאא،אאאאאאFiber Glassאאא

،אאא٤אאאאאאKאאא

א Kאא אgravelאsandאאK

אאCartridge filerא א א א א Kא

אאאאFEאאא א א אא א א א Kאא

אאאאאא٥א٣FאאEאאאאאאאאF

אאאKEW

א א א א א א א אאאאאאאאKאא

אאאאKאאאאאאאאF،אאE

אK


- ٩٤ -

٢Wאא

٢Wא


- ٩٥ -

٤WאK


- ٩٦ -

٥Wאא

٦W


- ٩٧ -

٧Wאא


- ٩٨ -

אאאאProduct Water post Treatment

אאאא

אאא،אאאאאW

EאאאEאKEאאאאKEאאאK

EאאאאpH EאK

אאאאאאאאאFאא،א،אEא

אאFאאKEאאאKאאאאא

אJא א–אFאאא،אKא

אאאאאאאאאKא אא F א Eא א

א،אאא،אאKאא א אאא ،א אא

אאאאK


- ٩٩ -

אאScaled Deposits and Corrosion

א א אאאאFouling F א אאאE

אא אא א F ،א ،א א אאאEאKאF

אאEא אאFא אאאאEא

אאאאאאאא Kאאא ،א א א K אא

אאאאאKאאאאאאW

EFאאאEאF א א E F א אא –א

א–אאאא א Eא א א אא F א א א E

א א א א א א א א ،א K א

אאאאאKEFאאEאא

K א א א א אאK٨אא

אאאKאאאא،אאF

אא אא א،א א אאKELאא،


- ١٠٠ -

אא،אאאא Kא،א אא א אא

אK

٨WאאאאK

אאFאScaleEאאCaCO٣،

אMg(OH)٢אCaSO٤אאאא،אK

אאאאKאאאFEאאאא

אאא،אאFאאEאאFWאאאאאא

אאא٨אאאאאא،אאאא

אאאF،אאא،Eאאאא

א،אא،אא،א،אאא،אאK


- ١٠١ -

אא––א١٠٠ א א ٧٧ א ٨٢ F

אאאEWאאא٦٠K

א٨٠ אאאאK

א ١٠٠ א אK

אאאFאE?אא א אאא

אא א א א Kא א א א

אאאאא،אאK

א א א א אא א F אאE،אא אאא

אאאאאאאאאאאKEאאאאאאאאא،אא،אאאא

א אא ، א אא א א K א،אאאאא א א ،א א א ، א

אK א א א א

א א א F א E אאKאאF٩٦٪אE

Kאאאא


- ١٠٢ -

אא א א א אאאאאאאא٧K

אאאאא

אא א ، א א،א F א אEאא،א

א،אאאK א א אא א ،אא

א F Eאא א א א א Fאא،אאאE

אWאאאאJא–אא

א ، א א א א א– א – אא אא א א

אא،Kאאאא،אאאFאאאא

KEאאא אK

א אא א א אא Fאאאאאא

EFאEאFאאEאא

א א א א אFא א E ٩ K א א א א אK


- ١٠٣ -

אWאW

Eאאאאאאאאא،אאאאאאא–

،אE א א א א

،א א א א א א אאאFEאאאאאK

EאאFאאא،E،אאאFאאאא

אאKEEאאא Wאא א א

אאאאאKאאאFא אא א،אאא،אא

אא אאא K אא אא א א א א א

FאEאאאאFאEאאא

א א F٧٠–٣٠ ،٩٠J١٠ Eא א א אא Kא٢אאאאK


- ١٠٤ -

٩Wא


- ١٠٥ -

٢WאאאW א

א٣١٦

אL٧٠L٣٠F٧٠٣٠٥}٠E

L٩٠L١٠F٩٠١٠٨}٠Eאא–א

L١٠א٪

אאאאאאאא

א א F E א אK،אא،א،אא

KZ؟אאאאאא

א א א א א אאאאאא،א،אא،א

Kאאאאאאא

אאאא،אKאאא א א א א ،א א א


- ١٠٦ -

٧אJ٨ K א אא א KאאאאאK

אאאאאKאאאאא؟؟

אאאאאאאאKאאאאFאאאEאאא

אא،אאאאא،א F E א א א אא א

אאKא،אאאKKKKKKKKאאאאא Kאא

א א K א א F א E א ،אאאK؟אאא

אאאאאF،، KEא א אאאא א

א،אאאאאאאאאאאKא

אאאFאEאאא א א ، ،א

א א א K א א א אא א א ،

אאאאאאK א٣،א א א אא אא א

אאאאאFאאאEאאא٢٠٠٠אאאא٢٠٠٠אK


- ١٠٧ -

א א אאא K،אאאאא

א،KאאKאאאאאאאא

א א K א א א א אאK

٣אWאאאאאאאWאאא אאWmg/LF

E درجات فوق املعدل السائد١٠ال تزيد عن درجة احلرارة

٩-٦ pHالرقم اهلدروجيين خالية من املواد امللونة Colour اللون

٦٠ B.O.Dاألكسجني احليوي املمتص ١٠٠ C.O.Dاألكسجني املستهلك كيماويا

٢٠٠٠ T.D.Sموع املواد الصلبة الذائبة جم ٦٠ املواد العالقة

٥٠ Turbidity NTUالعكارة ١ الكربيتات

١٥ Oils & Creasesالزيوت و الشحوم ٠,٥ اهليدروكربونات من أصل بترويل

٥ الفوسفات ٤٠ النيترات

١ الفيونوالت ١ الفلوريدات ٣ األلومنيوم ٣ )نيتروجني(األمونيا

٠,٠٠٥ بقلزئا ٠,٥ الرصاص


- ١٠٨ -

٠,٠٥ الكادميوم ٠,٠٥ الزرنيخ ١ الكروم ١,٥ النحاس ٠,١ النيكل ١,٥ احلديد ١ املنجنيز ٥ الزنك ٠,١ الفضة ٢ باريوم ٢ كوبالت

٠,٢ املبيدات بأنواعها ٠,١ السيانيد

العدد االحتمايل للمجموعة القولونية يف ٣ سم١٠٠

٥٠٠٠

אא


אאאא

٥

א٢٤١אאאא

- ١٠٩ -

אאאFMSFE٣٠ °Cאאא٩٠ °CK

אאאאאאא٢٢}٤א kJ/(kg °C )אא٢٣٣٠א kJ/kg؟

אאאאאאא١٠٠٠ kg א

א١٥٠٠٠ ppmאאאאK١٥٠٠ ppmא٣٠א %אאW

١J א؟٢J ؟אאאא٣J אאppm؟א

אאאFMEEEאאKאאאא

א١٢٠א٪אאאא١٨٠٠ kg/hrKאאאאאאאKאא

אאאאאא٢٥א °CKאKאאא؟ -- ؟אאאאאא؟ -אא؟ -אא؟ -אא؟ -

אWCp = ٢}١ kcal/(kg °C) Hv = ٥٤٠ kcal/kg

א٢٤١אאאא

- ١١٠ -

אאאאאא٦٠٠٠א kg/min

א٩٥ °Cא٥٦٠ kg/min Kאאא١٠٠٠א kcal/kgאאאא٥}١ kcal/(kg °C)W

אאאאא؟ -- ؟אאאאא

אאאא؟ -

אא؟ -

אאאאא؟ -

אאאאאאאאא١٥٠٠ m٣/day

،٣٠ %٢٥٠٠ ppmאאאKאאK

אאאא؟ - א؟ -

- א؟אאא

- א؟אא

אאאאRO١٥٠٠אאא٢٥٠٠ ppm

אא٢٥٠٠٠ ppmאא٦٠ %KאאאאאאK

א٢٤١אאאא

- ١١١ -

אאאאRO٤٤٠٠ m٣/dayאאאאא

٩٠٠ ppmKאאאא٢٥٠٠ ppmKא٥٠א %אK

אWא؟ - א؟ -

אא؟ -

א٢٤١אאאא

- ١١٢ -

١J،JאJ،

אא

،،אא١٩٨٧

٢Jא،،،אאאאאK

א،אאא١٤١٩

٣Jא

א

،،،אא٢٠٠١א،KK

٤- Geankoplis, C, Transport Processes and Unit Opetartions

٣th edt, Printice Hall International Inc,USA, ١٩٨٣

א٢٤١אאא

אא

אאWא٣

אא٤

אאא١٠

אאאאאאא١١

אאא

אאWאא١٥

אא١٧

אא٤١

אא٥٧

אא٨٠

אאW א

אאאWא

אאאאאאאא٨٩

אאאא٩١

א٩٢

אא٩٢

אא٩٢

אא٩٨

א٢٤١אאא

אא٩٩

אא١٠٠

אאא١٠١

א١٠٢

א١٠٣

אאW١٠٩אא١١٢

אאאאאא

אאFאEא

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Water treatmentلكل مهندسين الجودة

Science

Transcript of Water treatmentلكل مهندسين الجودة