Water Pollution in Indonesia - wepa-db.net · OUTLINE PRESENTATION • WATER POLLUTION CONTROL...
Transcript of Water Pollution in Indonesia - wepa-db.net · OUTLINE PRESENTATION • WATER POLLUTION CONTROL...
Water Pollution Control in Indonesia
By: Dr. Budi KurniawanHead of Division of Infrastructure and Service
Deputy For Pollution ControlMinistry of Environment of Indonesia
OUTLINE PRESENTATION
• WATER POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY IN INDONESIA• WATER QUALITY AND WATER POLLUTION SOURCES• STATE OF PRIORITY RIVER BASIN AND WATERSHED IN
INDONESIA • WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATION, STRATEGY AND
PROGRAMME• WHAT DO WE HAVE TO BE DONE IN THE FUTURE
MAIN OBJECTIVE – MID‐TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2015‐2019
• Environment : To Improve environmental quality and sustainable development
• Main Target of Environmental Protection and Managament:
Indicator Baseline 2014 Target 2019
Environmental Quality IndexGreen House Gas Emission Reduction
63,0‐63,0
15,5%
66,5‐68,5
26%
(POLICY DIRECTION)Food, Energy and Water Security
• Water Security1. To Ensure the fullfilment of need and water quality
insurance for people daily life 2. To meet water need for social and productive economic 3. To increase people resilient in lowering the risk of water
hazard force including climate change
Indicator Baseline 2014 Target 2019
National Capacity of Drinking water source
51,44 m3/sec 118,6m3/sec
Irigation availabilityfrom Dams
11 20
MID‐TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2015‐2019
Acceleration of Infrastructure Development
INDICATOR BASELINE 2014 2019
Access of Appropriate Drinking Water
70 100
Appropriate Sanitation 60 100
Environmental Index Profile in Indonesia per Province(2011‐2013)
Poor
ModerateGood
Environmental Index Classification
River water Quality Monitoring Result in Indonesia, 2013
75,25%
22,52%
1,73% 0,49%
WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULT IN 2013(411 Sampling Points)
Heavy Polluted
Moderate Polluted
Slighty Polluted
Meet The Standard
Catagory of Enterprises, (National Statistic 2012)
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
NumberMicro and Small Enterprises 52,723,470Medium and Large Company 45,810
Catagory of Enterprises
•Employment= 97,3%•PDB = 37,81%•Water Pollution=2,3 millions ton
Water Pollution Control in 5 River Basin Priority in Indonesia (Musi, Citarum, Ciliwung, Brantas, Barito)
MAP OF MUSI RIVER
Budi Kurniawan 10
Existing and The Standard of BOD Concentration in Musi River
Budi Kurniawan 11
0
1
2
3
4
5
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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650Konsentrasi BOD (mg/L) Daya Tampung BOD (mg/L) BOD Observasi
Pollutant Load Reduction 9,09 %, Regency of Banyuasin,55,67% Palembang City
SEGMENTASION OF CITARUM RIVER
WATER QUALITY (BOD and COD) OFCITARUM RIVER 2013
Pollution Load And TMDL in Citarum River, 2012
Segment Existing Pollution Load TMDL
Needed Reduction
Percentage of Needed Reduction
(kg/hari) (kg/hari) (kg/hari) %Segmen 1 267.827,90 11.219,90 256.608,00 95,81Segmen 2 44.003,52 6.861,72 37.141,80 84,41Segmen 3 99.495,65 8.177,93 91.317,72 91,78Segmen 4 5.175,36 1.011,05 4.164,31 80,46Segmen 5 334.687,68 82.198,54 252.489,14 75,44Segmen 6 5.184,00 2.695,68 2.488,32 48,00Segmen 7 67.495,68 9.266,23 58.229,45 86,27Segmen 8 85.536,00 14.307,84 71.228,16 83,27Segmen 9 57.075,84 13.169,43 43.906,41 76,93Total 966.481,63 148.908,33 817.573,31 Avarege :80,26
Water Quality Categories of Ciliwung River
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DistrictCurrent Water Quality
Target Water Quality
DKI Jakarta No Class III
Depok IV II
DKI Jakarta No Class II
Kab. Bogor IV II
Kota Bogor IV II
Kab. Bogor IV I
Existing and The Standard of BOD Concentration in Ciliwung River, 2012
Pollution Load And TMDL in Ciliwung River, 2012
SegmentExisting Pollution
Load Contribution TMDLNeeded Reduction
(kg/day) (%) (kg/day) (kg/day)
Hulu (Kab.Bogor) 62 0 16 45
Kab.Bogor 1 810 2 378 432
Kota Bogor 65 0 65 0
Kab.Bogor 2 921 2 921 0
Kota Depok 6.193 13 327 5.866
Jakarta 1 21.039 45 3.587 17.453
Jakarta 2 17.280 37 1.728 15.552
Total 46.371 100 7.023 39.348
Pollution Sources in 5 River basin (Musi, Citarum, Ciliwung, Brantas, Barito)
54.69%19.33%
15.54%
7.24% 0.27%
0.03%1.34%
1.56%
Waste Water FromHousehold
Livestock
Agriculture
Industry
Hotel
Hospital
Solid waste
Small Scale Industry
Estimated Budget of Water Pollution Control Measures for in 5 River basin (Musi, Citarum, Ciliwung, Brantas, Barito)
River Basin US Dollar
Budget 5 years Budget 10 years
Musi 101.548.253 203.096.507
Citarum 503.764.393 1.007.528.785
Ciliwung 1.101.858.982 2.203.717.964
Brantas 717.698.836 1.435.397.672
Barito 105.729.792 211.459.583
Total 2.530.600.256 5.061.200.512
9 Priority Watershed in Java Island
Ciliwung
Sumber: PPEJ, 2013
Evaluated Components and MethodNo Components Method1. Water
‐ River Water Quality Compared to Water Quality Standard Class II
‐Water availability Ratio demand and supplay
2. Air
‐ Ambient Air Quality Compared to ambent air quality standard
‐ Air Pollution Control Ratio vegetation cover to population
3. Land
‐ Vegetation Coverage Precentage of vegetation coverage to watershed area
‐ Lahan kritis Precentage of ctitical land to watershed area
4. Biodiversity Precentage of vegetation coverage area to protected area
Watershed Citarum Ciliwung B Solo Cimanuk Brantas Progo Cisadane SerayuCitandu
y1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
EQI 39.63 42.13 44.59 46.28 46.88 47.44 51.53 58.01 62.43
Catagory poor Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Good
Evironmental Quality Index in 9 Priority Watershed in Java
CURRENTLY APPLIED RESEARCH FOR POLICY MAKING
• Development of water quality standard including setting of designated use, classification and numerical criteria
• Development of water pollution and quality index
• Development of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMLD) Implementation of TMDL for
Effluent Discharge Permit Implementation of TMDL for
spatial management consideration
Implementation of TMDL for water pollution control policy
• Application of Stream based water quality modeling
• Metode of Pollution Source Inventory Point source Non point source• Development of effluent standard
from various sources• Development of WWTP Technology
for domestic source and small scale enterprises
• Economic valuation for water pollution
Act No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management, Act No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, require all parties to involve in water pollution control
Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control establishes the framework for implementation of water pollution control, including aspects of prevention, protection and recovery.
Act No. 18 of 2003 on Solid Waste Management The most recent Act No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management was enacted on
October 3-th, 2009, Article 54 (2):recovery of environmental function shall be done by: (a) discontinuation of source of pollution and cleaning of pollutant; (b) remediation; (c) rehabilitation; (d) restoration; and/or (e) other measures in accordance with scientific and technological developments.
In addressing the global warming and climate change issues in Indonesia, Article 57 (4) of the Act mandate the preservation of atmosphere function shall cover: (a) mitigation and adaptation to climate change; (b) protection of ozone layer; (c) protection against acid rain.
MOE Decree for Effluent Standard of various sources: Concentration and Maximum Load Permit System: Effluent Standard Concentration and Maximum Load
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REGULATION BACKGROUND: WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
PROGRAM FOR COMPLIANCE IMPROVEMENT
AND EMISSION LOADREDUCTION
INTENSIVEMONITORING & INSPECTION:
Scheme:Compliance
Improvement &Emission Load Reduction
Target:Subject (Institutional
Source) not covered by
PROPER and PROKASIH
Aspect: Water & AirPollution
PROKASIH (CLEAN RIVER PROGRAM)
Scheme: Compliance Improvement and Emission Load Reduction
Target: Institutional Source, Small & Medium Scale Enterprises,
Domestic Waste.
PROPER (Program for Pollution Evaluation and Performance Rating): Scheme: Disclosure Compliance Improvement
Target: Point Source (Corporate), Listed on Stock Exchange, Export Product Oriented, Significant Impact to the Environment Aspect: Water & Air Pollution Control, Hazardous Waste Mgt.
“CO‐BENEFIT APPROACH Emission Load Reduction and GHG Mitigation
PROGRAMS: PROPER, PROKASIH, CO-BENEFIT APPROACH, ADIPURA ANDOTHER COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEN MECHANISM
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PROPER
ASPECTS
WATER POLLUTION
MARINE & COASTAL POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
HAZARDOUSE WASTE MGT
EIA
Env. Mgt System
Natural Resources Efficiency
Community Development
RATING
BLACK
RED
BLUE
GREEN
GOLD
APPROACH
End of Pipe
Eco Efficiency(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle &
Recovery)
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PROKASIH
EMISSION LOADREDUCTION
OVER PERIOD OF TIME
AN INTEGRATEDWATER POLLUTION CONTROL MECHANISM
EMISSION LOAD REDUCTION FROM VARIOUS SOURCES
Strengthening the local government capacities in water pollution control
Improvement of stakeholders participation in water pollution control
INCENTIVE &DISINCENTIVE
PROKASIH=CLEAN RIVER PROGRAMAN INTEGRATED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
TO REDUCE EMISSION LOAD
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Policy Tools
POLICY TOOLS
Command & Control Public Service Facility
Guidance / Technical Assistance
Tecnical Gudelines Public Toilet &Sewerage
Treatment Plant
Effluent Standard
Permit
Compliance Supervision,
Law Enforcement
EIA, Economic InstrumentDissemination
Technical Assistance
Model
SewerageTreatment System
Solid waste management
WHAT DO WE HAVE TO BE DONE?
1.FORMULATION OF NATIONAL POLICY AND PROGRAMME IN RIVER RESTORATION
2.DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA, STANDARD INFORMATION SYSTEM AND TECHNICAL GUIDANCE IN RIVER RESTORATION
Criteria of quick wins :•Measureable progress in short/medium term•“Real effect” according to public perception
Proposed quick wins :1.River clean‐up integrated program2.River/watershed ecosystem restoration/rehabilitation
SCOPE OF COOPERATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES THAT NEED VARIOUS EXPERTISE SUPPORT
• Development of criteria, standard, technical guidance and reliable information system
• Development of monitoring and Evaluation system • Develop an integrated action plan in river restoration • Capacity Building related to integrated river restoration• Case study work in a selected segment of river that integrate all aspects
related to river restoration such as: cause effect analysis, modeling, strategic communication and community empowerment, economic valuation and formulation needed regulation
NEEDED RESEARCH FOR WATER PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE
• Development of more approppriate water quality standard including setting of designated use, classification and numerical criteria
• Development of watershed based modeling for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMLD) Implementation of TMDL for
Effluent Discharge Permit Implementation of TMDL for
spatial management consideration
Implementation of TMDL for treadable effluent discharge permit
Implementation of TMDL for water pollution control policy
• Metode of watershed based Pollution Source Inventory
Point source Non point source• Development of effluent/emission
factor • Development of effluent standard
from various sources• Development of Best Management
Practices for Non Point source pollution control
• Development of 4 R method and technology for various pollution sources
• Development of Integrated model coupling physical and economic model
NEEDED RESEARCH FOR WATER PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE (continue)
• Development of composit index of water availability and quality
• Development of method of cause‐effect analysis for environmental forensic using remote sensing, numerical modeling and isotop tracer
• Development of criteria, standard, monitoring and evaluation for river restoration
• Development of soil and sediment quality standard including setting of designated use, classification and numerical criteria
• Development of method of polluted soil remediation including criteria, standard, monitoring and evaluation
• Development of groundwater quality standard including setting of designated use, classification and numerical criteria
• Development of method of polluted groundwater remediation including criteria, standard, monitoring and evaluation
• Development of method of conjuctive of groundwater and surface water including criteria, standard, monitoring and evaluation
• Development of method and standard of reclaimed water
• Development of decisison support system using varius tools
THANK YOU VERY MUCH