Interfacedata models

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

GIS

GeoDatabase

Arc Hydrodata model

Geographically Integrated Hydrologic Modeling Systems

Arc Hydro — Hydrography

Arc Hydro — Hydrology

Geographic Data Model

• Conceptual Model – a set of concepts that describe a subject and allow reasoning about it

• Mathematical Model – a conceptual model expressed in symbols and equations

• Data Model – a conceptual model expressed in a data structure (Logical data model, physical data model)

• Geographic Data Model – a data model expressed in a GIS database

Data Model Data Model based on based on Inventory of Inventory of data layersdata layers

Data Model Based on Behavior

“Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.”

R.M. Hirsch, USGS

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Hydro Network

Channel System

Drainage System

Arc Hydro Components

Streams

Watersheds Waterbody

Hydro Points

Arc Hydro Framework Input Data

!(

!(

!(!(

!( !(!( !(!( !(!(

!(!(

!(!(!(!( !(!( !(!( !(

!( !(!( !( !(!(!(

!(

!(!( !(!(!( !(

!(!(

!(!( !(!(!( !( !(!(!( !(!(

!( !(!(!( !(!(

!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

Feature

Waterbody

HydroIDHydroCodeFTypeNameAreaSqKmJunctionID

HydroPoint

HydroIDHydroCodeFTypeNameJunctionID

WatershedHydroIDHydroCodeDrainIDAreaSqKmJunctionIDNextDownID

ComplexEdgeFeature

EdgeType

Flowline

Shoreline

HydroEdge

HydroIDHydroCodeReachCodeNameLengthKmLengthDownFlowDirFTypeEdgeTypeEnabled

SimpleJunctionFeature

1HydroJunction

HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole

*

1

*

HydroNetwork

*

HydroJunction

HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole

HydroJunction

HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole

Arc Hydro FrameworkData Model

Hydro Network(NHD)

Basins Waterbody(NHD)

Arc Hydro Framework For South Florida

Hydro Points

Nexrad Radar Rainfall Map

Extended Arc Hydro Framework for South Florida

Arc HydroFramework

Extended Arc Hydro

RegionalSimulation

Model

OperationsDecision SupportSystem

Flood Modelingand

Management

HydroPeriodAnalysis

Framework for South Florida

1. Define the Data Themes in the Core Model

• Hydrographic lines• Water bodies• Drainage areas• Structures• Gages+ ……..

Who will produce and verify these data?Will National Hydrography Dataset be used?

2. Define the ODSS GIS Framework

• Select the ODSS waterbodies and structures from the core GIS framework

• Integrate water control units in GIS

• Define drainage area for each WCU

• Build interface data model for ODSS

• Build tools for 2-way linkage between ArcGIS and ODSS

Extended Arc Hydro Framework

Water body

Canal Segment

Lake Marsh Tidal

HydroEdge

HydroJunction

UncontrolledJunction

ControlledJunction

Structure

WCU Schematic Node

1..* 1

1..*

1

1

1..*

Arc Hydro UML for ODSS

Subtypes

Subtypes

1

WCU Schematic Link

Hydronetwork

Water Control Network

MonitoringPoint

Basin1..*

1

3. Define the Flood Modeling Framework

• Define drainage areas, channels and control structures to be included

• Define flood simulation model(s) to be used

• Design ArcGIS interface data model, if necessary

• Populate models with GIS data (Watershed analyst)

• Build tools for 2-way linkage between ArcGIS and Flood Models, if necessary

4. Define the RSM GIS Framework• Generalize GIS data needed

for RSM (linear referencing and event themes)

• Generate triangular mesh• Represent canal segments and

pseudocells in GIS• Define ArcGIS interface data

model for RSM• Build tools for 2-way linkage

between ArcGIS and RSM

5. Define GIS Functionality for Hydroperiod

• Define conceptual framework

• Convert to mathematical form

• Define data structures needed

• Build tools to execute model• Check against observed

points to verify analysis• Train the District staff!

6. Build the District Arc Hydro Framework

• Build the HydroNetwork

• Connect the drainage areas

• Connect the structures and monitoring points

• Integrate other themes (e.g. District RSM mesh?)

7. Define the Water Inputs

• Connect to the Nexrad data

• Connect to dbHydro for gage information

• Satellite information?• Climate information?• Water quality?

8. Build Information Flows Among Applications

Arc HydroFramework

Extended Arc Hydro

RegionalSimulation

Model

OperationsDecision SupportSystem

Flood Modelingand

Management

HydroPeriodAnalysis

Framework for South Florida

Regional Storm Water Regional Storm Water Modeling Program and Modeling Program and

Master Plan for San Master Plan for San AntonioAntonio

Regional Watershed Modeling Master Plan Goals

• Develop new or incorporate existing hydrology, hydraulic and water quality models (“Bring the models together”)

• Provide GIS-based interfaces for models• Provide for maintenance of models and geospatial data• Develop standards for modeling and geospatial data• Regional Watershed Modeling System to assist in:

– flood mitigation planning– capital project prioritization

Modeling System

Rainfall Data:Rain gagesNexrad

Calibration Data:FlowsWater Quality

Geospatial Data:City, CountySARA, other

FloodplainManagement

IntegratedRegional Water

Resources planning

CapitalImprovemen

tPlanning

FloodForecasting

Water qualityplanning

San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System

Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS

Arc HydroSchematic Network

HEC-HMSHydrologic

Model

Calculates Flows

Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS

Arc HydroChannel

Cross Sections

HEC-RASHydraulic

Model

Calculates Water Surface

Elevations

Flow Change PointsModels communicate with

one another through Arc Hydro at designated points

Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Model Builder FLO

ODPLAIN MAP

Flood map as output

Nexrad map as input

Model for flood flow

Model for flood

depth

HMS

Hydrologic Modeling within ArcGIS

• Reverse engineer the parameter values from calibrated hydrologic simulation models into the interface data model

• LibHydro – a library of hydrologic processing functions callable as a dll

• Schematic network processor to execute functions in the right order

Schematic Network

• Standard Arc Hydro data structure– Schematic Links– Schematic Nodes

• Type 1 Nodes and Links for Watersheds

• Type 2 Nodes and Links for Streams

• Type 3 for …..

Schematic Network Processes• Node processes

– Rainfall-runoff and pollutant loads on watersheds

– Summing flows or loads on streams

– Water quality in water bodies

• Link processes– Routing flows in streams– Pollutant losses in streams

LibHydro

• A Fortran subroutine library of hydrologic processes developed from HEC-1

• Packaged in LibHydro.DLL for operation under Visual Basic

• Transforms input time series to output time series• More details on GISHydro 2003 CD

Excess Calculation• Initial Loss and Constant Loss Rate function

Pick up a watershed HydroID = 2346 ImperviousAreaRatio = 0.0001 InitialLoss = 1.6 (mm) ConstantLossRate = 0.38 (mm)

Simulation Period: 7/21/97 – 7/23/97 (3 days) Time Interval: 15 minutes Time step: 4 * 24(hour) * 3(days) = 288

Excess calculation in Llano basin

0

2

4

6

8

10

7/21 7/22 7/23 7/24

Date

Prec

ipita

tion,

Exc

ess

(mm

/hr) Precip (mm)

Excess (mm)

Runoff Calculation• Snyder Unit Hydrograph

Pick up a watershed Watershed area: 266.5 (km2) SnyderCp: 0.8 SnyderTp: 5.58 (hr)

Hydrograph for Llano Basin

0

2

4

6

8

10

7/21

7/22

7/23

date

Prec

ipita

tion,

Ex

cess

(mm

/hr)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Runo

ff (m

3/s)

Runoff (m3/s)

Precip (mm)

Excess (mm)

Simulation Period: 7/21/97 – 7/23/97 (3 days) Time Interval: 15 minutes

Outflow Calculation• Add Baseflow module• Outflow = runoff + baseflow• Recession Ratio = 0.95, Threshold value = 2 (m3/s)

Hydrograph for Llano Basin

0

2

4

6

8

10

7/21

7/22

7/23

date

Prec

ipita

tion,

Ex

cess

(mm

/hr)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Runo

ff (m

3/s)Runoff (m3/s)

Outflow(m3/s)

Precip (mm)

Excess (mm)

Looping Through the Schematic Network

Get Upstream Features

Get Upstream

ValuesProcess

Upstream Values

Process Value to

Pass

Update Value

Collection

Topology Collection Value

Collection

ReceiveProcess

HydroID Upstream HydroIDs HydroIDs Values

Feature, Values

Feature, Value

Processed Value

PassProcess

Processed Value

HydroID, New Value

See GISHydro2003 CD for details

Schematic Network Process Implementation

Geodatabase

DLL(MBSchematic.dll)

Script(ProcSchematic.vbs)

ArcToolboxScript Tool

(ProcessSchematic)

Process DLL 1 Process DLL n

GIS

Script and DLLs

Strengths of ArcGIS for Modeling

• Integration with the COM environment, use of Visual Basic, and accessibility of models through dlls is great step forward

• Network topology a big help for water resources networks

• Geodatabase design process is important for modeling system architecture

• Model Builder is great for handling work flow sequences

Limitations of ArcGIS for Modeling

• No data model and tools for time series in core software

• Graph plotting is inadequate for displaying time series

• Relationships are critical in geodatabase design but can’t be created in ArcView – separate toolkits for ArcInfo and ArcView implementation of modeling systems?

• No scheme for scenario management

Overall Assessment

• Geographic framework: solid

• Model connections: good architecture, needs development

• Time series: being improved with current research

Hydrologic Information System