….FOOD AND WATER SECURITY POST 2015-THE ROLE OF EXPERTS, PRIVATE SECTOR ND

POLICY MAKERS….

Some slides by Prof. Mati

Water (In)security in the world/Africa

Source: Vorosmarty et al. (2010)

Climate Change: GHG and warming

Climate Change will impact negatively on water availability and food production

0.8° 2.0° 4.0°

Africa is Endowed with Abundant Water Resources

• Africa has about 4,000 cu km of freshwater.

• There are 17 rivers with catchments areas >100 000 km2

• There are 160 lakes >27 km2, • Mean annual rainfall 670 mm/yr• Highly variable rainfall ranging <100 mm

in deserts to over 2,000 mm in rainforests & highlands

• Huge hydropower potential of about 1,750 TWh (12% of the global capacity)

• Vast ground water resources• The continent is surrounded by three

oceans (vast marine water)

• About 65% of Africa’s land area comprises drylands (annual rainfall 100-800 mm)

• Rainfall is erratic, droughts, floods & high runoff losses

• High evaporation losses (up to x 10 annual rainfall)

• Poorly distributed water resources (rivers, lakes)

• High runoff losses (over 50% of rainfall is lost)

• Renewable water resources constitute only about 20% of total rainfall.

But Africa Suffers from Extensive Water Scarcity

Ground Water Resources in Africa remain largely untaped

Source: WHYMAP (2008) Groundwater resources of the world.

Climate Change Effects are beginning to Show

INCREASING WATER DEMAND

• Africa’s average population growth rate between 2005 and 2010 was 2.3%, the highest in the world (UNFPA 2009).

• The growth in water demand is not matched by a corresponding development of water resources

• Africa has the world’s lowest per capita water withdrawal at about 170 m3, due not only to poor water resource availability but also underdeveloped water infrastructure and inefficient water management.

• Less than 25% of Africa’s average annual river runoff is being utilized for human developmental activities (Couet and Maurer 2009)

• Total annual withdrawals for the three major water-use sectors of agriculture, municipalities and industries is only 5.5% of internal renewable resources.

• Agriculture is mostly rain-fed and less than 10% of the continent’s cultivated land of 185 million ha or 6% of the total land area is irrigated.

Africa has a Multiplicity of Needs for Water Dev /Use

Water Infrastructure Development:

It’s the turn for Africa now!

Food (In)security in Africa

Main agricultural & land use systems in Africa

Land degradtion susceptibility in Africa

Agriculture and Land Degradation go together

Source: UNEP 2006

The Africa Water Vision for 2025

Envisions:“An Africa where there is an equitable and sustainable use and management of water resources for poverty alleviation, socio-economic development, regional cooperation, and the environment”

Source: UN/Water Africa 2004

Stop Turning Urban Stormwater = Wastewater

Storm-water runoff should be recycled, not thrown into the sewer system

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Rainwater harvesting and Conservation

Efficient water use in irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation to replace surface irrigationSmallholder furrow irrigation Malawi – but for high value crops, lined canals

Micro-sprinkler irrigation in Ghana – All photos by B. Mati Greenhouse farming in smallholder farm in Kenya

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Appropriate mechanization, tools & biotechnology

Innovations like Fog Harvesting for drinking water

Prof. Imbuga handing over of fog harvesting Equipment at IlmasinPrimary School, Ngong, in Kenya

Develop infrastructure for Food Trade (e.g. Kenya’s LAPSSET)

Issues to tackle in addressing Sustainable Water Use

Declining water

availability/ increasing demand Inefficient

technologies and practices

Policy enforcement disconnect

Declining arable land

area and soil health

How to bring to scale inputs of science in SWU

Capacity of SWU sector across the

value chain

SWU should not get lost in the “missing

middle”

Smallholder agriculture in

transition

Climate change, floods and droughts

Making Use of PartnershipsTypologies of Partnerships

• Official partnerships set up by a number of organisations.

• More bottom-up partnerships initiated by non-profit organisations or groups.

• Short-term alliances created around a particular project or programme.

• Informal partnerships to support ongoing delivery of services and aims.

• Other forms of collaboration to share information and offer mutual support that may be better seen as networks

Research Partners – for synergies, economies of scale and cross-learning.

Financing and investment partners - to leverage finances through collaborative activities, e.g. PPP, matching funds

Implementation Partners- at national, region & international levels e.g. Govts, NGOs

Policy partners – to facilitate policies, legal & institutional support

Water Dev issues of focus (as identified by AMCOW)

– Closing the gap in attaining the MDGs and ‘unserved’ communities– Integrating water as key to poverty reduction and socio-economic

development– Expanding Africa’s water infrastructure assets to achieve this.– Fostering transboundary cooperation– Mobilising the financial resources needed to build the infrastructure– Build and strengthen institutional and technical capacity and skills;

the water data base, information knowledge and monitoring capacity

– Fostering partnership with stakeholders for full participation– Closing the implementation gap between Africa’s agenda and the

policies of Development Partners– Tackling the climate change challenges and building resilient

adaptation systems

The Targets for Africa are aimed at:

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