Warm up
-
Upload
calvin-holcomb -
Category
Documents
-
view
23 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Warm up
1) Draw the Lewis structure for ozone, O3.
2) What does the word hybridization mean? Use your own words.
A resonance structure is a structure that occurs when it is possible to draw two or more valid electron dot structures.
In the case of ozone, neither structure actually exists, but rather the actual bonding is an average of the two structures.
Definition of hybridization ….
-Learn what a sigma bond looks like
-Learn what a pi bond looks like
-Understand the concept of orbital hybridization and how it changes the bonding in an atom such as carbon
When two atomic orbitals combine to form a bond along the axis between two atoms … we call it a sigma
bond ()
When two “p” orbitals combine side by side we say they overlap to form a pi () bond
Pi bonds exist when we have double and triple bonds
Single bond – 1 sigma bond
Double bond – 1 sigma and 1 pi bond
Triple bond – 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds
The electron structure of a carbon atom can be written as:
Based on this model, we would predict that carbon atoms should form two covalent bonds??!!
Instead carbon atoms almost always form 4 bonds.
Why????
Hybridization
hybridization
1 s + 3 p = 4 sp3
(All 4 orbitals are now equal at the 2nd energy level)
Regular Carbon Aufbau Diagram Hybridized Carbon Aufbau Diagram
Electrons must be distributed among the new orbitals. Since these hybrid orbitals are equal in energy, the electrons must distributed according to Hund’s Rule.
4 sp3 orbitals
4 sp3 orbitals bond with4 hydrogen atoms - methane
sp3 carbon
Overlap hereis known assigma bond
Let’s predict what sp2
hybridization around a carbon might look like?
Take out your white boards
sp2 hybridization
sp2 hybridizationcarbon double bond - ethene
Can you predict sp geometry around a carbon?
sp hybridization
sp hybridizationcarbon triple bond - acetylene
sp hybridizationcarbon triple bond - acetylene
234-236 in your text discusses these examples
Summarysp3 hybridization involves
single-bonded carbon
sp2 hybridization involves double-bonded carbon
sp hybridization involves triple-bonded carbon