The what, how and why of using biomass Geoff Hogan Biomass Energy Centre.
Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019...
Transcript of Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019...
![Page 1: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling:
Implication for management of
Ludwigia hexapetala and Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis
Morgane B. Gillard1,2, Brenda J. Grewell1, Caryn J. Futrell1, Carole Deleu3, Gabrielle Thiébaut2
1 USDA-ARS Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit,
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis2 UMR ECOBIO, University of Rennes 1, France
3 UMR IGEPP, University of Rennes 1, France
![Page 2: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 2
Climate change, an indirect influence of humans on ecosystems
+1 to +4°C by 2100
(IP
CC
, 20
13
)
Extreme events
Precipitations
Increase of greenhouse gas emission
RCP 2.6 RCP 8.5
![Page 3: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 3
Biological invasions, a direct influence of humans on ecosystems
Air routesCommercial shipping lanes
© e
sri
Increase of intercontinental exchanges displacement of some species(voluntary or involuntary)
Species introduced outside of its native range = exotic species
Some introduced species can become invasive
![Page 4: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 4
The case of freshwater ecosystems
Climate change
Multiple sources of introduction ofexotic aquatic species
Hydrosystems connectivity: dispersion facilitated
15 freshwater speciesin the list of the 100 « worst » invasive species
Hydrological regimes
Drying up and flooding
Temperature
Sensitive ecosystems
First links in food webs: primary producers
(Lowe et al., 2004)
Biological invasions
(Strayer, 2010)
![Page 5: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018
The importance of understanding the reproduction of invasive species
5
→ Knowledge about reproduction are crucial information
for developing risk assessment and management strategies
▪ The establishment of an exotic plant species is determined by
the effectiveness of recruitment and reproduction of new ramets or genets,
critical to successful colonization and invasive spread
![Page 6: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 6
Two congeneric species invasive in Europe and in North America
Ludwigia peploides subsp. montevidensis
Ludwigia hexapetala
(Uruguayan primrose-willow)
decaploid2 = 80
diploid2 = 16
(Creeping water primrose/ Floating primrose willow)
![Page 7: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Introduction
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018
Two types of reproduction for the invasive Ludwigia
7
▪ Invasive Ludwigia taxa spread mainly clonally(limited genotypic variation)
except in disturbed areas (Okada et al., 2009)
▪ Combining clonal and sexual reproduction represents an advantage
to face changing conditions
▪ Few information about the sexualreproduction of these taxa
What is the impact of warmer temperatures on the germination, early seedling survival and growth of L. hexapetala and L. peploides?
Hypothesis : Warmer temperature favor the performances of the two taxa
Fragmentation
Propagule establishment
CLONAL
REPRODUCTION
Seedgermination
Seed production
Seedlingestablishment
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Seedling survival
Adultplant
Flowering
![Page 8: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Introduction
Materials &Methods
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018
Collection sites in California
20 km
N
L. peploides ●L. hexapetala
●●
Laguna de Santa Rosa
Russian River @ Asti Sage Creek – Napa River Watershed
Spring lake
![Page 9: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Introduction
Materials &Methods
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018
Collection sites in France
●
● 3 kmN
Ile du château Les RaguinsIle Joli Cœur
Port de Vallières
@ the Loire River
L. peploides ●L. hexapetala
![Page 10: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Introduction
Materials &Methods
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 10
Reciprocal transplant experiment
(Ru
aux,
20
08
)
●
●12 capsules
per population
20 km
●
● 3 kmN
N
Davis (CA, USA)
Rennes (France)
CA
FR
Experimentalgardens
May-June 2016
sowing
2304 seeds
+5.6°C
L. peploides ●L. hexapetala
![Page 11: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Introduction
Materials &Methods
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 11
Trait response measurements
length
dry biomass
Monitoring 3 times a week for 47 days
1, 2, 3, …
After 47 days:
▪ Ungerminated seeds: Test of embryo viability
▪ Seedlings :
Shoots and roots
![Page 12: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Introduction
Results
Materials &Methods
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 12
Germination characteristics
Germination velocity
Germination percentage or
L. hexapetala L. peploides
Climate effect
Climate effect
+ Provenance
effect
Temperature increase
Gillard et al. (2017) Frontiers in Plant Science
![Page 13: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Introduction
Results
Materials &Methods
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 13
Embryo viability and seedling survival
L. hexapetala
No effects
▪ Embryo viability of ungerminated seeds
▪ Seedlings survival
negativeclimate effect
L. hexapetala
L. peploides
L. peploides
Climate effect positive or negative,depending on seeds
provenance
Gillard et al. (2017) Frontiers in Plant Science
L. hexapetala L. peploides
![Page 14: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Introduction
Results
Materials &Methods
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 14
Seedling characteristics
ShootsRoots Number of branches
Dry
mas
s (g
)
Dry
mas
s (g
)
Age of seedlings(days)
Age of seedlings(days)
Age of seedlings(days)
No climate effect on the length of shoots and roots
Roots more ramified and/or thicker
MED
OCE
CI95
Climate
Climate effect
Gillard et al. (2017) Frontiers in Plant Science
![Page 15: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Introduction
Results
Materials &Methods
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018 15
In the end, does warmer climate favour invasive Ludwigia taxa?
In average, total biomass produced =
6.7-fold greater under warmer climate
▪ Germination velocity
→ Warmer climate = favorable
▪ Seedling survival
▪ Germination % or
▪ Seedling biomass
Warmer temperatures:
Gillard et al. (2017) Frontiers in Plant Science
![Page 16: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Introduction
Germination & seedlings
Discussion &Conclusions
27th Cal-IPC Symposium – Monterey – November 7-10, 2018
Results
16
Implications for management
Seed production and the existence of seed banks need to be taken into account in management plans
▪ In the future:Establishment from sexual propagules,
with higher biomass production as temperature increase
▪ Currently :Invasive Ludwigia taxa grow easily and fast from the seeds they produce
▪ In the future: Increase of habitat disturbance→ Recruitment from seed bank facilitated?
Climate warming may increasethe invasiveness of L. hexapetala and of L. peploides
Under Oceanic-type climate Under Mediterranean-type climate
![Page 17: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Acknowledgements
Diab Al HassanLéo BarthelemieErwan ChavonetThomas Dorey
Valérie GouesbetQuentin Hinet
Léa MieCharlotte Richard
Véronique Sauzière
Mike Netherland
Shannon BurkeChris McCort
Alex L. PluchinoRachel H. Stump
Meghan J. Skaer Thomason
![Page 18: Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling ... › wp-content › uploads › 2019 › 02 › ...Warm temperatures increase biomass production of seedling: Implication](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022060323/5f0d97ea7e708231d43b2018/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Thank you for your attention