VTCT Tystysgrif Lefel 3 mewn Tylino

2 AM30136CF_v1

VTCT Tystysgrif Lefel 3 mewn Tylino Swedaidd

Dyddiad dechrau’r achrediad: 1 Awst 2010

Gwerth credyd: 16

Cyfanswm Amser y Cymhwyster (TQT): 160

Oriau Dysgu dan Arweiniad (ODDA): 141

Rhif y cymhwyster: 500/9043/4

Datganiad o gyflawniad uned

Wrth lofnodi’r datganiad hwn o gyflawniad uned, rydych yn cadarnhau bod yr holl ganlyniadau dysgu, meini prawf asesu a datganiadau ystod wedi’u cyflawni o dan amodau penodol a bod y dystiolaeth a gasglwyd yn ddilys.

Rhaid cwblhau’r tabl datganiad o gyflawniad hwn cyn hawlio ardystiad.

Cod yr uned Dyddiad cyflawni Llofnod y dysgwr Blaenlyth-rennau’r aseswr

Llofnod y gwiriwr mewnol (os samplwyd)

Unedau gorfodol

UV30491C

UV30468C

UV30424C

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VTCT Level 3 Certificate in Swedish Massage

Operational start date: 1 August 2010

Credit value: 16

Total Qualification Time (TQT): 160

Guided learning hours (GLH): 141

Qualification number: 500/9043/4

Statement of unit achievement

By signing this statement of unit achievement you are confirming that all learning outcomes, assessment criteria and range statements (if/where applicable) have been achieved under specified conditions, and that the evidence gathered is authentic.

This statement of unit achievement table must be completed prior to claiming certification.

Unit code Date achieved Learner signature Assessor initials IQA signature (if sampled)

Mandatory units

UV30491

UV30468

UV30424

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Cyflwyniad

Mae’r VTCT Tystysgrif Lefel 3 mewn Tylino Swedaidd yn gymhwyster sydd wedi’i gynllunio’n benodol er mwyn datblygu eich sgiliau ymarferol wrth ddarparu triniaethau tylino’r corff sy’n ymlaciol ac yn lleddfu straen.

Fel sylfaen ar gyfer y cymhwyster hwn byddwch yn datblygu gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth gadarn o iechyd a diogelwch, ac o ofal cwsmer a chyfathrebu. Byddwch hefyd yn datblygu gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth o’r sgiliau ymarferol y byddwch yn eu dysgu drwy gydol y cymhwyster hwn, fel anatomeg a ffisioleg.

Diben y cymhwyster hwn yw datblygu’ch sgiliau wrth ddarparu triniaethau tylino’r corff ar lefel uchel o allu galwedigaethol, a’ch galluogi i ddarparu eich gwasanaethau eich hun i gleientiaid.

Safonau Galwedigaethol Cenedlaethol (NOS)

Mae’r cymhwyster hwn wedi’i fapio i’r Safonau Galwedigaethol Cenedlaethol perthnasol, ac fe’i rheoleiddir ar y Fframwaith Cymwysterau Rheoleiddiedig.

Mae’r cymhwyster hwn wedi’i gymeradwyo a’i gefnogi gan y Cyngor Sgiliau Sector Gwallt a Harddwch (HABIA), sef y corff gosod safonau ar gyfer cymwysterau gwallt, harddwch, ewinedd a sba.

Y cymhwyster

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Introduction

The Level 3 Certificate in Swedish Massage is a qualification that has been specifically designed to develop your practical skills in how to provide the relaxing and stress relieving treatment of body massage.

Underpinning this qualification you will develop a sound knowledge of health and safety, and client care and communication. You will also develop a knowledge and understanding of the practical skills learned throughout this qualification, such as anatomy and physiology.

The purpose of this qualification is to develop your skills in providing body massage treatments to a high level of occupational ability, to enable you to provide your own services for clients.

National Occupational Standards (NOS)

Units in this qualification have been mapped to the relevant NOS (where applicable). This qualification is regulated on the Regulated Qualifications Framework. This qualification is approved and supported by the Hairdressing and Beauty Industry Authority (HABIA), the standard setting body for hair, beauty, nails and spa qualifications.

The qualification

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Dilyniant

Pan fyddwch wedi cwblhau’r cymhwyster hwn yn llwyddiannus, byddwch yn cael y cyfle i symud ymlaen i’r cymwysterau VTCT canlynol:

• Diploma NVQ Lefel 3 mewn Tylino Therapi Harddwch

Mae cyfleoedd hefyd ar gael ar ffurf cymwysterau galwedigaethol arbenigol VTCT:

• Diploma Lefel 3 mewn Therapi Tylino

• Diploma Lefel 3 mewn Triniaethau Sba a Chorff

• Tystysgrif Lefel 3 mewn Tylino’r Pen yn y dull Indiaidd

• Tystysgrif Lefel 3 mewn Therapi Tylino Cerrig

• Tystysgrif Lefel 3 mewn Tylino yn defnyddio Olewau Aromatherapi wedi’u cymysgu’n barod

• Dyfarniad Lefel 3 mewn Triniaethau Sba

• Diploma Lefel 3 mewn Therapïau Cyflenwol

• Diploma Lefel 3 mewn Tylino’r Corff

• Diploma Lefel 3 mewn Adweitheg

• Diploma Lefel 3 mewn Aromatherapi

• Tystysgrif Lefel 3 mewn Therapi Tylino Chwaraeon

Gall y cymhwyster hwn arwain yn uniongyrchol at waith yn y diwydiannau harddwch neu therapi cyflenwol, fel therapydd tylino mewn salon neu glinig, neu at hunan-gyflogaeth fel therapydd tylino.

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Progression

When you have successfully completed this qualification will have the opportunity to progress to the following VTCT qualifications:

• Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Beauty Therapy Massage

Progression opportunities also exist in the form of specialist VTCT vocationally related qualifications:

• Level 3 Diploma in Massage Therapy

• Level 3 Diploma in Spa and Body Treatments

• Level 3 Certificate in Indian Head Massage

• Level 3 Certificate in Stone Therapy Massage

• Level 3 Certificate in Massage Using Pre-Blended Aromatherapy Oils

• Level 3 Award in Spa Treatments

• Level 3 Diploma in Complementary Therapies

• Level 3 Diploma in Body Massage

• Level 3 Diploma in Reflexology

• Level 3 Diploma in Aromatherapy

• Level 3 Certificate in Sports Massage Therapy

This qualification may lead directly into employment in the beauty or complementary therapy industries as a massage therapist in a salon or clinic or self employment as a massage therapist.

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Strwythur y Dyfarniad

Cyfanswm y credydau sydd eu hangen - 16Mae’n rhaid cwblhau pob uned orfodol.

Unedau gorfodol - 16 credydCod uned VTCT

Cyfeirnod uned Ofqual Teitl yr uned Gwerth

credyd ODDA

UV30491C R/600/8780 Monitro a chynnal arferion iechyd a diogelwch yn y salon 4 29

UV30468C T/601/4457 Gofalu am gleientiaid a chyfathrebu â hwy mewn diwydiannau cysylltiedig â harddwch 3 28

UV30424C D/601/3559 Rhoi triniaethau tylino i’r corff 9 84

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Total credits required - 16All mandatory units must be completed.

Mandatory units - 16 creditsVTCT Unit code

Ofqual unit reference Unit title Credit

value GLH

UV30491 R/600/8780 Monitor and maintain health and safety practice in the salon 4 29

UV30468 T/601/4457 Client care and communication in beauty-related industries 3 28

UV30424 D/601/3559 Provide body massage 9 84

Qualification structure

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Mae’r llyfr hwn yn cynnwys yr unedau gorfodol sy’n rhan o’r cymhwyster hwn. Bydd unedau dewisol yn cael eu darparu mewn llyfrynnau ychwanegol. Lle nodir hynny, bydd VTCT yn darparu deunyddiau asesu. Gall yr asesiadau fod yn fewnol neu’n allanol. Mae’r dull asesu’n cael ei nodi ym mhob uned.

Asesiad mewnol(bydd unrhyw ofynion yn cael eu nodi yn yr uned)

Mae’r asesiad yn cael ei osod, ei farcio a’i wirio’n fewnol gan y ganolfan er mwyn arddangos cyflawniad y canlyniadau dysgu’n glir. Mae’r asesu’n cael ei samplu gan wirwyr allanol VTCT.

Asesiad allanol(bydd unrhyw ofynion yn cael eu nodi yn yr uned)

Bydd papurau cwestiynau sy’n cael eu hasesu’n allanol ac sy’n cael eu cwblhau’n electronig yn cael eu gosod a’u marcio gan VTCT.

Bydd papurau cwestiynau copi caled sy’n cael eu hasesu’n allanol yn cael eu gosod gan VTCT, eu marcio gan staff y ganolfan a’u samplu gan wirwyr allanol VTCT.

Esboniad o’r asesu

Mae cyrsiau VTCT yn cael eu hasesu a’u gwirio gan staff y ganolfan. Bydd gwaith yn cael ei osod er mwyn gwella eich sgiliau ymarferol, eich gwybodaeth a’ch dealltwriaeth. Bydd eich aseswr yn arsylwi arnoch ar gyfer elfennau ymarferol. Mae’n rhaid casglu eich holl waith mewn portffolio o dystiolaeth a’i groesgyfeirio at y gofynion sy’n cael eu rhestru yn y llyfr cofnod asesu hwn.

Bydd gan eich canolfan wiriwr mewnol sy’n gyfrifol am sicrhau bod eich asesiad a’ch tystiolaeth yn ddilys ac yn ddibynadwy a’i fod yn bodloni gofynion VTCT a’r gofynion rheoleiddio.

Bydd gwiriwr allanol, a benodir gan VTCT, yn ymweld â’ch canolfan i samplu ac i sicrhau ansawdd asesiadau, y broses wirio fewnol a’r dystiolaeth sydd wedi cael ei chasglu. Efallai y bydd gofyn i chi ddod i’r ganolfan ar ddiwrnod gwahanol i’r arfer os bydd y gwiriwr allanol yn gofyn am hynny.

Eich eiddo chi yw’r llyfr cofnod asesu hwn ac mae’n rhaid i chi ddod ag ef gyda chi pan fyddwch yn cael eich asesu neu eich gwirio. Mae’n rhaid ei gadw’n ddiogel. Mewn rhai achosion, bydd gofyn i’ch canolfan ei gadw mewn man diogel. Byddwch chi a’ch aseswr cwrs yn cwblhau’r llyfr hwn gyda’ch gilydd er mwyn dangos bod yr holl ganlyniadau dysgu, meini prawf ac ystodau wedi cael eu cyflawni.

Cyfarwyddyd ar asesu

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This book contains the mandatory units that make up this qualification. Optional units will be provided in additional booklets (if applicable). Where indicated, VTCT will provide assessment materials. Assessments may be internal or external. The method of assessment is indicated in each unit.

Internal assessment(any requirements will be shown in the unit)

Assessment is set, marked and internally quality assured by the centre to clearly demonstrate achievement of the learning outcomes. Assessment is sampled by VTCT external quality assurers.

External assessment(any requirements will be shown in the unit)

Externally assessed question papers completed electronically will be set and marked by VTCT.

Externally assessed hard-copy question papers will be set by VTCT, marked by centre staff and sampled by VTCT external quality assurers.

Assessment explained

VTCT qualifications are assessed and verified by centre staff. Work will be set to improve your practical skills, knowledge and understanding. For practical elements, you will be observed by your assessor. All your work must be collected in a portfolio of evidence and cross-referenced to requirements listed in this record of assessment book.

Your centre will have an internal quality assurer whose role is to check that your assessment and evidence is valid and reliable and meets VTCT and regulatory requirements.

An external quality assurer, appointed by VTCT, will visit your centre to sample and quality-check assessments, the internal quality assurance process and the evidence gathered. You may be asked to attend on a different day from usual if requested by the external quality assurer.

This record of assessment book is your property and must be in your possession when you are being assessed or quality assured. It must be kept safe. In some cases your centre will be required to keep it in a secure place. You and your course assessor will together complete this book to show achievement of all learning outcomes, assessment criteria and ranges.

Guidance on assessment

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Creu portffolio o dystiolaeth

Fel rhan o’r cymhwyster hwn, mae angen i chi gyflwyno portffolio o dystiolaeth. Bydd y portffolio’n cadarnhau’r wybodaeth, y ddealltwriaeth a’r sgiliau rydych wedi’u dysgu. Gall fod ar ffurf electronig neu ar bapur.

Bydd eich aseswr yn rhoi arweiniad i chi ar sut i baratoi’r portffolio o dystiolaeth a sut i ddangos cyflawniad ymarferol, a dealltwriaeth o’r wybodaeth sydd ei hangen er mwyn cwblhau’r cymhwyster hwn. Y llyfryn hwn, ynghyd â’r portffolio o dystiolaeth, fydd y brif ffynhonnell o dystiolaeth ar gyfer y cymhwyster hwn.

Mae’n bosibl i’r dystiolaeth yn y portffolio fod ar ffurf:

• Gwaith wedi’i arsylwi

• Datganiadau tystion

• Cyfryngau clyweled

• Tystiolaeth o ddysgu neu gyrhaeddiad blaenorol

• Cwestiynau ysgrifenedig

• Cwestiynau llafar

• Aseiniadau

• Astudiaethau achos

Dylai’r holl dystiolaeth gael ei dogfennu yn y portffolio a dylid croesgyfeirio at ganlyniadau’r unedau. Ni ddylid aros tan ddiwedd y cwrs cyn llunio’r portffolio o dystiolaeth.

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Creating a portfolio of evidence

As part of this qualification you are required to produce a portfolio of evidence. A portfolio will confirm the knowledge, understanding and skills that you have learnt. It may be in electronic or paper format.

Your assessor will provide guidance on how to prepare the portfolio of evidence and how to show practical achievement and understanding of the knowledge required to successfully complete this qualification. It is this booklet along with the portfolio of evidence that will serve as the prime source of evidence for this qualification.

Evidence in the portfolio may take the following forms:

• Observed work

• Witness statements

• Audio-visual media

• Evidence of prior learning or attainment

• Written questions

• Oral questions

• Assignments

• Case studies

All evidence should be documented in the portfolio and cross-referenced to unit outcomes. Constructing the portfolio of evidence should not be left to the end of the course.

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Mae’r adran hon yn rhoi trosolwg o’r dulliau asesu a ddefnyddir ym mhob uned yn y cymhwyster hwn. Darperir gwybodaeth fanwl am y dulliau asesu ym mhob uned.

Unedau gorfodolAllanol Mewnol

Cod uned VTCT Teitl yr uned Papur(au)

cwestiynau Arsylwad(au) Aseiniad(au)

UV30491C Monitro a chynnal arferion iechyd a diogelwch yn y salon 0

UV30468CGofalu am gleientiaid a chyfathrebu â hwy mewn diwydiannau cysylltiedig â harddwch

0

UV30424C Rhoi triniaethau tylino i’r corff 2

Dulliau o asesu unedau

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This section provides an overview of the assessment methods that make up each unit in this qualification. Detailed information on assessment is provided in each unit.

Mandatory unitsExternal Internal

VTCT Unit code Unit title Question

paper(s) Observation(s) Assignment(s)

UV30491 Monitor and maintain health and safety practice in the salon 0

UV30468 Client care and communication in beauty-related industries 0

UV30424 Provide body massage 2

Unit assessment methods

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Geirfa’r uned

DisgrifiadCod cynnyrch VTCT

Mae gan bob uned god cynnyrch VTCT unigryw er mwyn ei hadnabod. Dylai’r cod hwn gael ei ddyfynnu ym mhob ymholiad a gohebiaeth i VTCT.

Teitl yr uned Mae’r teitl yn nodi ffocws yr uned yn glir.Safonau Galwedigaethol Cenedlaethol (NOS)

Mae’r safonau hyn yn disgrifio’r sgiliau, y wybodaeth a’r ddealltwriaeth sydd eu hangen er mwyn cyflawni tasg neu orchwyl arbennig i lefel o gymhwysedd sy’n cael ei gydnabod yn genedlaethol.

Lefel Mae lefel yn arwydd o ba mor anodd yw’r profiad dysgu, dyfnder a/neu gymhlethdod y cyflawniad a’r annibyniaeth wrth gyflawni’r canlyniadau dysgu.

Gwerth credydDyma nifer y credydau sy’n cael eu dyfarnu pan fydd pob un o ganlyniadau’r uned wedi cael ei gyflawni. Mae credyd yn werth rhifol sy’n fodd o gydnabod, mesur, pennu gwerth a chymharu cyflawniad.

Oriau dysgu dan arweiniad (ODDA)

Yr amser mae dysgwr yn ei dreulio’n cael ei addysgu neu ei gyfarwyddo – neu’n cael ei addysgu neu ei hyfforddi dan arweiniad neu oruchwyliaeth uniongyrchol – darlithydd, goruchwyliwr, tiwtor neu ddarparwr addysg neu hyfforddiant addas arall.

Cyfanswm amser y cymhwyster (TQT)

Nifer yr oriau a ddyfarnwyd i gymhwyster, gan gorff dyfarnu, ar gyfer Dysgu dan Arweiniad ac amcangyfrif o nifer yr oriau y bydd dysgwr yn debygol o’i dreulio’n rhesymol yn paratoi, astudio neu ymgymryd ag unrhyw fath arall o addysg neu hyfforddiant. Mae hyn yn cynnwys cael ei asesu, sy’n digwydd fel y cyfarwyddwyd – ond, yn wahanol i Ddysgu dan Arweiniad, nid dan oruchwyliaeth uniongyrchol – darlithydd, goruchwyliwr, tiwtor neu ddarparwr addysg neu hyfforddiant addas arall.

Arsylwadau Mae hwn yn nodi’r lleiafswm o arsylwadau sydd eu hangen er mwyn cyflawni’r uned.

Canlyniadau dysgu

Y canlyniadau dysgu yw rhan bwysicaf yr uned; maen nhw’n nodi’r hyn sy’n ddisgwyliedig o ran gwybodaeth, dealltwriaeth a gallu ymarferol o ganlyniad i’r broses ddysgu. Mae canlyniadau dysgu yn digwydd o ganlyniad i’r dysgu.

Gofynion tystiolaeth Mae’r adran yn rhoi arweiniad ar sut y dylid casglu tystiolaeth.

Amserau gwasanaeth mwyaf

Mwyafswm yr amser y gellir ei gymryd i gwblhau unrhyw wasanaeth neu elfen ymarferol arbennig.

Canlyniad arsylwad

Mae canlyniad arsylwi’n disgrifio’r tasgau ymarferol sy’n rhaid eu cwblhau er mwyn cyflawni’r uned.

Canlyniad gwybodaeth

Mae canlyniad gwybodaeth yn disgrifio gofynion damcaniaethol uned, sy’n rhaid eu profi drwy gwestiynu ar lafar, papur cwestiynau ysgrifenedig gorfodol neu bortffolio o dystiolaeth.

Meini prawf asesu

Mae meini prawf asesu’n nodi’r hyn sydd ei angen, o ran cyflawniad, er mwyn cyflawni canlyniad dysgu. Y meini prawf asesu a’r canlyniadau dysgu yw’r cydrannau sy’n llywio’r dysgu a’r asesu a ddylai ddigwydd. Mae meini prawf asesu’n diffinio’r safon disgwyliedig er mwyn bodloni’r canlyniadau dysgu.

Ystod Mae’r ystod yn nodi’r hyn sy’n rhaid ymdrin ag ef. Mae’n rhaid i ystodau gael eu harddangos yn ymarferol yr un pryd â chanlyniadau arsylwi’r uned.

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DescriptionVTCT product code

All units are allocated a unique VTCT product code for identification purposes. This code should be quoted in all queries and correspondence to VTCT.

Unit title The title clearly indicates the focus of the unit.National Occupational Standards (NOS)

NOS describe the skills, knowledge and understanding needed to undertake a particular task or job to a nationally recognised level of competence.

LevelLevel is an indication of the demand of the learning experience; the depth and/or complexity of achievement and independence in achieving the learning outcomes.

Credit valueThis is the number of credits awarded upon successful achievement of all unit outcomes. Credit is a numerical value that represents a means of recognising, measuring, valuing and comparing achievement.

Guided learning hours (GLH)

The activity of a learner in being taught or instructed by – or otherwise participating in education or training under the immediate guidance or supervision of – a lecturer, supervisor, tutor or other appropriate provider of education or training.

Total qualification time (TQT)

The number of hours an awarding organisation has assigned to a qualification for Guided Learning and an estimate of the number of hours a learner will reasonably be likely to spend in preparation, study, or any other form of participation in education or training. This includes assessment, which takes place as directed – but, unilke Guided Learning, not under the immediate guidance or supervision of – a lecturer, supervisor, tutor or other appropriate provider of education or training.

Observations This indicates the minimum number of competent observations, per outcome, required to achieve the unit.

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes are the most important component of the unit; they set out what is expected in terms of knowing, understanding and practical ability as a result of the learning process. Learning outcomes are the results of learning.

Evidence requirements This section provides guidelines on how evidence must be gathered.

Maximum service times

The maximum time in which a particular service or practical element must be completed.

Observation outcome

An observation outcome details the tasks that must be practically demonstrated to achieve the unit.

Knowledge outcome

A knowledge outcome details the theoretical requirements of a unit that must be evidenced through oral questioning, a mandatory written question paper, a portfolio of evidence or other forms of evidence.

Assessment criteria

Assessment criteria set out what is required, in terms of achievement, to meet a learning outcome. The assessment criteria and learning outcomes are the components that inform the learning and assessment that should take place. Assessment criteria define the standard expected to meet learning outcomes.

Range The range indicates what must be covered. Ranges must be practically demonstrated in parallel with the unit’s observation outcomes.

Unit glossary

18

Notes Defnyddiwch y dudalen hon ar gyfer nodiadau a diagramau/

Use this area for notes and diagrams

Nodiadau/

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Monitro a chynnal arferion iechyd a diogelwch yn y salonUV30491C

Drwy’r uned hon byddwch yn datblygu eich sgiliau mewn rôl oruchwyliol gan ganolbwyntio ar iechyd a diogelwch yn eich salon.

Byddwch yn adnabod peryglon yn y salon, yn cynnal asesiadau risg ac yna’n gweithredu’r camau angenrheidiol. Byddwch yn monitro ac yn cefnogi eich cydweithwyr i sicrhau bod eich salon yn cydymffurfio â gofynion iechyd a diogelwch. Byddwch yn gweithredu ac yn goruchwylio gweithdrefnau ar gyfer pob agwedd o ddiogelwch a diogeliad y salon gan gynnwys yr angen am yswiriant.

UV30491C_v1

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Monitor and maintain health and safety practice in the salonUV30491

Through this unit you will develop your skills in a supervisory role focusing on health and safety within your salon.

You will recognise salon hazards, carry out risk assessments and then implement the necessary actions. You will monitor and support your colleagues to ensure your salon complies with health and safety requirements. You will implement and supervise salon procedures for all aspects of salon safety and security including the need for insurance.

Lefel

3

Gwerth credyd

4

Oriau Dysgu Dan Arweiniad

29

Arsylwad(au)

2

Papur(au) allanol

0

23

Level

3

Credit value

4

GLH

29

Observation(s)

2

External Paper(s)

0

24 UV30491CUV30491C

Canlyniadau dysgu

Pan fyddwch wedi cwblhau’r uned hon byddwch yn:

1. Gallu cynnal asesiad risg

2. Gallu monitro iechyd a diogelwch yn y salon

Gofynion tystiolaeth

1. Amgylchedd Rhaid casglu tystiolaeth ar gyfer yr uned hon naill ai mewn amgylchedd gwaith real neu mewn amgylchedd gwaith realistig (RWE).

2. Efelychiad (Simulation) Ni chaniateir efelychiad ar gyfer yr uned hon. Rhaid i bob canlyniad ‘Arsylwi’ fod ar gleientiaid go iawn.

3. Canlyniadau arsylwadau Rhaid arddangos perfformiad cymwys o’r Canlyniadau Arsylwi i’ch aseswr ar o leiaf ddau achlysur.

4. Canlyniadau gwybodaeth Rhaid cael tystiolaeth eich bod yn meddu ar yr holl wybodaeth a dealltwriaeth a restrir yn adran ‘Gwybodaeth’ yr uned hon. Gall y dystiolaeth gynnwys prosiectau, aseiniadau, astudiaethau achos, adroddiadau myfyriol, holi ar lafar/yn ysgrifenedig a/neu fathau eraill o dystiolaeth.

5. Arweiniad tiwtor/aseswr Bydd eich tiwtor/aseswr yn eich cynghori ar sut i gyflawni canlyniadau dysgu’r uned hon. Rhaid cyflawni pob canlyniad.

6. Papur allanol Nid oes gofyniad papur allanol ar gyfer yr uned hon.

Monitro a chynnal arferion iechyd a diogelwch yn y salon

UV30491C

25UV30491

Learning outcomes

On completion of this unit you will:

1. Be able to carry out a risk assessment

2. Be able to monitor health and safety in the salon

Evidence requirements

1. Environment Evidence for this unit must be gathered in a real or realistic working environment (RWE).

2. Simulation Simulation is not allowed in this unit. All ‘Observation’ outcomes must be on real clients.

3. Observation outcomes Competent performance of ‘Observation’ outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least two occasions.

4. Knowledge outcomes There must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the ‘Knowledge’ section of this unit. This evidence may include projects, assignments, case studies, reflective accounts, oral/written questioning and/or other forms of evidence.

5. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes and cover ranges in this unit. All outcomes must be achieved.

6. External paper There is no external paper requirement for this unit.

Monitor and maintain health and safety practice in the salon

UV30491

26 UV30491CUV30491C

Cyflawni arsylwadau ac ystod

Cyflawni canlyniadau arsylwi

Bydd eich aseswr yn arsylwi arnoch yn gwneud tasgau ymarferol. Nodir isafswm yr arsylwadau sydd eu hangen yn adran Gofynion Tystiolaeth yr uned hon.

Efallai na fydd meini prawf bob amser yn digwydd yn naturiol yn ystod arsylwad ymarferol. Os felly, bydd cwestiynau’n cael eu gofyn i chi er mwyn dangos eich bod yn gymwys yn y maes hwn. Bydd eich aseswr yn cofnodi pa feini prawf sydd wedi eu cyflawni drwy drafodaeth broffesiynol a/neu holi cwestiynau ar lafar.

Bydd eich aseswr yn cadarnhau bod canlyniad wedi’i gyflawni pan fydd yr holl feini prawf wedi cael eu cyflawni’n gymwys.

Cyflawni’r ystod

Nid oes unrhyw ddatganiadau ystod ar gyfer yr uned hon.


Nid oes unrhyw amserau gwasanaeth mwyaf ar gyfer yr uned hon.

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Achieving observations and range

Achieving observation outcomes

Your assessor will observe your performance of practical tasks. The minimum number of competent observations required is indicated in the Evidence requirements section of this unit.

Criteria may not always naturally occur during a practical observation. In such instances you will be asked questions to demonstrate your competence in this area. Your assessor will document the criteria that have been achieved through professional discussion and/or oral questioning. This evidence will be recorded by your assessor in written form or by other appropriate means.

Your assessor will sign off a learning outcome when all criteria have been competently achieved.

Achieving range

There are no range statements that apply to this unit.


There are no maximum service times that apply to this unit.

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Arsylwadau

Canlyniad dysgu 1

Gallu cynnal asesiad risg

Rydych chi’n gallu:

a. Cynnal asesiad risg a chymryd y camau angenrheidiol

*Gellid ei asesu drwy holi ar lafar.

Arsylwad 1 2 3

Dyddiad cyflawni

Meini prawf wedi’u holi ar lafar

Cyfeirnod portffolio

Blaenlythrennau’r aseswr

Llofnod y dysgwr

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Observations

Learning outcome 1

Be able to carry out a risk assessment

You can:

a. Carry out risk assessments and take necessary actions

*May be assessed through oral questioning.

Observation 1 2 3

Date achieved

Criteria questioned orally

Portfolio reference

Assessor initials

Learner signature

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Canlyniad dysgu 2

Gallu monitro iechyd a diogelwch yn y salon


a. Monitro a chefnogi gwaith pobl eraill er mwyn sicrhau eu bod yn cydymffurfio â gofynion iechyd a diogelwch


Arsylwad 1 2 3

Dyddiad cyflawni




Llofnod y dysgwr

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Learning outcome 2

Be able to monitor health and safety in the salon

You can:

a. Monitor and support the work of others to ensure compliance with health and safety requirements


Observation 1 2 3

Date achieved


Portfolio reference

Assessor initials

Learner signature

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Cyflawni canlyniadau gwybodaeth

Bydd eich tiwtor a’ch aseswr yn rhoi arweiniad i chi ar y dystiolaeth sydd angen ei chyflwyno. Bydd eich gwybodaeth a’ch dealltwriaeth yn cael eu hasesu gan ddefnyddio’r dulliau asesu a restrir isod*:

• Prosiectau







• Aseiniadau


• Trafodaeth broffesiynol

Lle bo hynny’n bosibl, bydd eich aseswr yn cynnwys y canlyniadau gwybodaeth mewn arsylwadau ymarferol drwy ofyn cwestiynau ar lafar.

Pan fydd maen prawf wedi’i holi ar lafar a’i gyflawni, bydd eich aseswr yn cofnodi’r dystiolaeth hon yn ysgrifenedig neu mewn ffyrdd priodol eraill. Nid oes angen i chi ddarparu tystiolaeth ychwanegol gan fod y maen prawf hwn eisoes wedi’i gyflawni.

Efallai y bydd rhai canlyniadau gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth yn gofyn i chi ddangos eich bod yn gwybod ac yn deall sut i wneud rhywbeth. Os oes gennych dystiolaeth ymarferol o’ch gwaith sy’n cwrdd â’r maen prawf gwybodaeth, yna does dim angen i chi gael eich holi eto ar yr un pwnc.

*Nid yw hon yn rhestr hollgynhwysfawr.

Datblygu gwybodaeth

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Achieving knowledge outcomes

You will be guided by your tutor and assessor on the evidence that needs to be produced. Your knowledge and understanding will be assessed using the assessment methods listed below*:

• Projects

• Observed work





• Oral questions

• Assignments

• Case studies

• Professional discussion

Where applicable your assessor will integrate knowledge outcomes into practical observations through professional discussion and/or oral questioning.

When a criterion has been orally questioned and achieved, your assessor will record this evidence in written form or by other appropriate means. There is no need for you to produce additional evidence as this criterion has already been achieved.

Some knowledge and understanding outcomes may require you to show that you know and understand how to do something. If you have practical evidence from your own work that meets knowledge criteria, then there is no requirement for you to be questioned again on the same topic.

*This is not an exhaustive list.

Developing knowledge

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Gwybodaeth

Canlyniad dysgu 1

Gallu cynnal asesiad risg

Rydych chi’n gallu:Cyfeirnod portffolio/

Blaenlythrennau’r aseswr*

b. Nodi’r rheswm dros gynnal asesiadau risg

c. Disgrifio’r gweithdrefnau ar gyfer cynnal asesiad risg

d. Disgrifio pryd y dylid cynnal asesiadau risg

e. Amlinellu’r camau sydd angen eu cymryd yn dilyn asesiad risg

* Dylid nodi blaenlythrennau’r aseswr os holwyd y cwestiynau ar lafar.

Asesir y gofynion sydd wedi’u hamlygu’n wyn yn y papur ysgrifenedig allanol.

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Knowledge

Learning outcome 1

Be able to carry out a risk assessment

You can: Portfolio reference/Assessor initials*

b. State the reason for carrying out risk assessments

c. Describe the procedures for carrying out a risk assessment

d. Describe when risk assessments should be carried out

e. Outline necessary actions to take following a risk assessment

* Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. Requirements highlighted in white are assessed in the external paper.

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Canlyniad dysgu 2

Gallu monitro iechyd a diogelwch yn y salon



b. Amlinellu’r cymorth iechyd a diogelwch y dylid ei ddarparu ar gyfer staff

c. Amlinellu’r gweithdrefnau ar gyfer delio â gwahanol fathau o doriadau diogelwch

d. Egluro’r angen am yswiriant



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Learning outcome 2

Be able to monitor health and safety in the salon


b. Outline the health and safety support that should be provided to staff

c. Outline procedures for dealing with different types of security breaches

d. Explain the need for insurance


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Cynnwys yr uned

Mae’r adran hon yn darparu canllawiau ynglŷn â’r wybodaeth a’r sgiliau sydd eu hangen er mwyn eich galluogi i gyflawni pob un o ganlyniadau dysgu’r uned hon. Bydd eich tiwtor/aseswr yn sicrhau eich bod yn cael cyfle i drafod holl gynnwys yr uned.

Peryglon a risgiau: Mae perygl yn rhywbeth sydd â’r potensial i achosi niwed, risg yw’r tebygrwydd y bydd perygl yn digwydd. Rhesymau dros gynnal asesiad risg:Gofyniad cyfreithiol, darparu amgylchedd diogel ar gyfer staff/ymwelwyr/cleientiaid, nodi peryglon, lleihau peryglon a risgiau, gweithdrefnau argyfwng, hyfforddiant staff, goblygiad bod â mwy na phum aelod o staff, staff newydd yn y gweithle, cyfarpar a chynhyrchion newydd, systemau adolygu, diwygiadau ac addasiadau i asesiadau presennol, diweddaru cofnodion.

Gweithdrefn salon ar gyfer asesiadau risg:Nodi peryglon, rhoi barn ynglŷn â pheryglon salon, person/tîm asesu risg enwebedig, pwy/beth, penderfynu ar lefel y risg, mesurau ataliol, lleihau sefyllfa a allai fod yn niweidiol, hysbysu staff, dehongli canlyniadau, casgliadau, cofnodi canfyddiadau, adolygiadau rheolaidd.

Peryglon posibl yn y salon sy’n gofyn am asesiad risg rheolaidd:Gofod – defnydd, man gweithio, gwres, goleuadau, awyru, cynllun a dyluniad y salon.

Cemegion – gweithdrefnau, storio, trin, defnydd diogel, gwaredu diogel, cofnodion.

Cyfarpar – dethol, defnyddio’n ddiogel, trin, codi, trwsio, cynnal a chadw.

Diogelwch (stoc) – systemau rheoli, gweithdrefnau, archebu, trin, storio.

Diogelwch (arian parod) – hyfforddiant staff, pwynt gwerthu, wrth gludo arian.

Diogelwch (pobl) – cleientiaid sy’n staff, ymwelwyr, eiddo personol, systemau, diogelwch, gwacáu mewn argyfwng, storio/defnyddio cofnodion cyfrinachol staff/cleientiaid, gwybodaeth fusnes, diogelu data.

Adeiladau – cynnal a chadw diogelwch mewnol ac allanol, systemau sydd ar gael yn fasnachol.

Gweithdrefnau brys – Damweiniau, cymorth cyntaf, gwacáu mewn tân, digwyddiadau, personél, cofnodion.

Canlyniad dysgu 1: Gallu cynnal asesiad risg

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Unit content

This section provides guidance on the recommended knowledge and skills required to enable you to achieve each of the learning outcomes in this unit. Your tutor/assessor will ensure you have the opportunity to cover all of the unit content.

Hazards and risks: A hazard is something that has the potential to cause harm, a risk is the likelihood of a hazard happening. Reasons for risk assessment: Legal requirement, provide a safe environment for staff/visitor/clients, identification of hazards, minimising hazards and risks, emergency procedures, staff training, implication of more than five members of staff, new staff in the workplace, new equipment and products, review systems, amendments and modifications to existing assessments, update records.

Salon procedure for risk assessments:Identify hazard, judgement of salon hazards, nominated risk assessment person/team, who/what, determine the level of risk, preventative measures, reduce a potentially harmful situation, notify staff, interpret results, conclusions, record findings, regular reviews.

Potential salon hazards requiring regular risk assessment:Space – utilisation, working area, heating, lighting, ventilation, layout and design of the salon.

Chemicals – procedures, storage, handling, safe usage, safe disposal, records.

Equipment – selection, safe usage, handling, lifting, repairs, maintenance.

Security (stock) – control systems, procedures, ordering, handling, storage.

Security (cash) – staff training, point of sale, in transit.

Security (people) – staff clients, visitors, personal belongings, systems, security, emergency evacuation, storage/use of confidential staff/client records, business information, data protection.

Buildings – maintenance of internal and external security, commercially available systems.

Emergency procedures – accidents, first aid, fire evacuation, incidents, personnel, records.

Learning outcome 1: Be able to carry out a risk assessment

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Canlyniad dysgu 2: Gallu monitro iechyd a diogelwch yn y salon

Deddfwriaeth a rheoliadau iechyd a diogelwch y salon: Iechyd a diogelwch yn y gwaith, rheoli sylweddau sy’n beryglus i iechyd, adrodd am anafiadau, clefydau a digwyddiadau peryglus, cyfarpar diogelu personol, trydan yn y gwaith, codi a chario, cyflenwi nwyddau a gwasanaethau, disgrifiad masnachol, diogelu data, atebolrwydd cyflogwyr (yswiriant gorfodol), atebolrwydd meddianwyr, is-ddeddfau lleol (a bennir gan y Cyngor), rheolau’r salon, cod ymddygiad, i’w harfer gan yr holl staff.

Monitro a chefnogi eraill er mwyn sicrhau eu bod yn cydymffurfio ag iechyd a diogelwch:Cadw cofnodion cywir, diweddaru prosesau a gweithdrefnau, hyfforddi staff yn rheolaidd (efelychiad), gwiriadau ar hap, monitro newidiadau yn y gyfraith, sicrhau cyngor allanol. Rhoi cymorth i staff: Taflenni a phosteri cyfredol, hyfforddiant parhaus, polisi drws agored, blwch awgrymiadau, rolau a chyfrifoldebau cyfredol i staff.

Toriadau diogelwch: Hysbysu – perchennog y salon, tîm rheoli, pennaeth ysgol.

Adolygu cofnodion – lefelau/rheoli stoc, monitro derbyniadau, rhestr o gyfarpar, cofnodion papur a chyfrifiadurol.

Camau gweithredu – cofnodi datganiadau, adroddiadau gan lygaid-dystion, adolygu canfyddiadau, galw’r heddlu, hysbysu’r gofrestrfa diogelu data/cleientiaid bod toriad wedi bod, sicrhau cyfrinachedd, gallai arwain at golli swydd.

Pwysigrwydd yswiriant: Damweiniau, argyfyngau, hawliad cyfreithiol, diogelu busnes, atal hawliadau twyllodrus.

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Salon health and safety legislation and regulations: Health and safety at work, control of substances hazardous to health, reporting of injuries diseases and dangerous occurrences, personal protective equipment, electricity at work, manual handling, supply of goods and services, trade description, data protection, employers liability (compulsory insurance), occupiers liability, local by-laws (set by council), salon rules, code of conduct, observance by all staff.

Monitor and support others to ensure compliance of health and safety: Accurate records, update processes and procedures, regular staff training (simulation), spot checks, monitoring changes in law, take external advice. Providing support for staff: Up-to-date leaflets and posters, ongoing training, open door policy, suggestion box, current roles and responsibilities for staff.

Security breaches:Inform – salon owner, management, head of school.

Review records – stock levels/control, monitor takings, inventory of equipment, manual and computerised records.

Actions – take statements, eye witness accounts, review findings, call in police, notify data protection registry/clients of breach, maintain confidentiality, could result in loss of employment.

Importance of insurance: Accidents, emergencies, legal claim, protect business, prevent fraudulent claim.

Learning outcome 2: Be able to monitor health and safety in the salon

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Nodiadau/

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Gofalu am, a chyfathrebu â chleientiaid mewn diwydiannau cysylltiedig â harddwchUV30468C

Uned baratoi ar gyfer gwaith yw hon sy’n seiliedig ar fedrusrwydd a gwybodaeth. Mae’r uned hon yn ymwneud â gofal am, a chyfathrebu â chleientiaid mewn diwydiannau sy’n gysylltiedig â harddwch. Byddwch yn datblygu eich gallu i addasu’r gofal cleient a’ch sgiliau cyfathrebu ar gyfer anghenion gwahanol gleientiaid, ynghyd â dysgu sut i reoli disgwyliadau cleientiaid.

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Client care and communication in beauty-related industriesUV30468

This is a preparation for work unit which is based on capability and knowledge. This unit is about client care and communication in beauty-related industries. You will develop your ability to adapt the provision of client care and your communication skills, to the needs of different clients, as well as learn how to manage client expectations.

Lefel

3

Gwerth credyd

3


28

Arsylwad(au)

3

Papur(au) allanol

0

47

Level

3

Credit value

3

GLH

28

Observation(s)

3

External Paper(s)

0

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Canlyniadau dysgu


1. Gallu cyfathrebu ac ymddwyn mewn modd proffesiynol wrth ddelio â chleientiaid

2. Gallu rheoli disgwyliadau cleientiaid


1. Amgylchedd Rhaid casglu tystiolaeth ar gyfer yr uned hon naill ai mewn amgylchedd gwaith real neu mewn amgylchedd gwaith realistig (RWE).

2. Efelychiad (Simulation) Ni chaniateir efelychiad ar gyfer yr uned hon.

3. Canlyniadau arsylwadau Rhaid arddangos perfformiad cymwys o’r Canlyniadau Arsylwi i’ch aseswr ar o leiaf dri achlysur.

4. Ystod Mae’n rhaid arddangos pob ystod yn ymarferol er mwyn dangos eu bod wedi eu haddysgu.


Gofalu am, a chyfathrebu â chleientiaid mewn diwydiannau cysylltiedig â harddwch


7. Papur allanol Nid oes gofyniad papur allanol ar gyfer yr uned hon.

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Learning outcomes


1. Be able to communicate and behave in a professional manner when dealing with clients

2. Be able to manage client expectations


1. Environment Evidence for this unit must be gathered in a real or realistic working environment (RWE).

2. Simulation Simulation is not allowed in this unit.

3. Observation outcomes Competent performance of ‘Observation’ outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least three occasions

4. Range All ranges must be practically demonstrated or other forms of evidence produced to show they have been covered.

5. Knowledge outcomes There must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the ‘Knowledge’ section of this unit. This evidence may include projects, assignments, case studies, reflective accounts, oral/written questioning and/or other forms of evidence.

Client care and communication in beauty-related industries

6. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes and cover ranges in this unit. All outcomes and ranges must be achieved.

7. External paper There is no external paper requirement for this unit.

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Cyflawni’r ystod

Mae’r adran ystod yn nodi beth sy’n rhaid ymdrin ag ef. Mae’n rhaid arddangos ystodau yn ymarferol fel rhan o arsylwad. Os nad yw hyn yn bosibl, gellir cyflwyno mathau eraill o dystiolaeth. Mae’n rhaid ymdrin â phob ystod.

Bydd eich aseswr yn dogfennu’r cyfeirnod portffolio pan fydd ystod wedi’i chyflawni’n gymwys.


Nid oes unrhyw amserau gwasanaeth mwyaf ar gyfer yr uned hon.

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Achieving range

The range section indicates what must be covered. Ranges should be practically demonstrated as part of an observation. Where this is not possible other forms of evidence may be produced. All ranges must be covered.

Your assessor will document the portfolio reference once a range has been competently achieved.


There are no maximum service times that apply to this unit.

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Arsylwadau

Canlyniad dysgu 1

Gallu cyfathrebu ac ymddwyn mewn modd proffesiynol wrth ddelio â chleientiaid


a. Ymddwyn mewn modd proffesiynol yn y gweithle

b. Defnyddio technegau cyfathrebu effeithiol wrth ddelio â chleientiaid

c. Addasu eich dulliau o gyfathrebu i weddu gwahanol sefyllfaoedd ac anghenion cleientiaid

d. Defnyddio technegau ymgynghori effeithiol i nodi amcanion triniaeth

e. Rhoi argymhellion clir i’r cleient


Arsylwad 1 2 3

Dyddiad cyflawni




Llofnod y dysgwr

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Observations

Learning outcome 1

Be able to communicate and behave in a professional manner when dealing with clients

You can:

a. Behave in a professional manner within the workplace

b. Use effective communication techniques when dealing with clients

c. Adapt methods of communication to suit different situations and client needs

d. Use effective consultation techniques to identify treatment objectives

e. Provide clear recommendations to the client


Observation 1 2 3

Date achieved


Portfolio reference

Assessor initials

Learner signature

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Canlyniad dysgu 2

Gallu rheoli disgwyliadau cleientiaid


a. Cynnal cyfrinachedd cleientiaid yn unol â deddfwriaeth

b. Defnyddio technegau adwerthu er mwyn cwrdd â gofynion cleientiaid


Arsylwad 1 2 3

Dyddiad cyflawni




Llofnod y dysgwr

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Learning outcome 2

Be able to manage client expectations

You can:

a. Maintain client confidentiality in line with legislation

b. Use retail sales techniques to meet client requirements


Observation 1 2 3

Date achieved


Portfolio reference

Assessor initials

Learner signature

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Arsylwadau ystod

Mae’n rhaid i chi arddangos yn ymarferol eich bod wedi:

Delio gyda phob cleient Cyfeirnod portffolio

Newydd

Rheolaidd

Defnyddio pob techneg ymgynghori Cyfeirnod portffolio

Holi

Gweledol

Â llaw

Delio gyda phob math o gŵyn Cyfeirnod portffolio

Cleient anfodlon

Cleient gyda disgwyliadau afrealistig

Argymhellir yn gryf bod holl eitemau’r ystod yn cael eu harddangos yn ymarferol. Lle nad yw hyn yn bosibl, gellir cyflwyno mathau eraill o dystiolaeth er mwyn arddangos cymhwysedd.

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Observation range

You must practically demonstrate that you have:

Dealt with all clients Portfolio reference

New

Regular

Used all consultation techniques Portfolio reference

Questioning

Visual

Manual

Dealt with all complaints Portfolio reference

Dissatisfied client

Unrealistic client expectations

It is strongly recommended that all range items are practically demonstrated. Where this is not possible, other forms of evidence may be produced to demonstrate competence.

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• Prosiectau







• Aseiniadau







Datblygu gwybodaeth

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• Projects

• Observed work





• Oral questions

• Assignments

• Case studies







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Gwybodaeth

Canlyniad dysgu 1

Gallu cyfathrebu ac ymddwyn mewn modd proffesiynol wrth ddelio â chleientiaid



f. Asesu manteision ac anfanteision y gwahanol ddulliau o gyfathrebu gyda chleientiaid

g. Disgrifio sut i addasu dulliau cyfathrebu er mwyn gweddu’r cleient a’i anghenion

h. Egluro ystyr y term ‘proffesiynoldeb’ yn y diwydiannau sy’n gysylltiedig â harddwch

i. Egluro pwysigrwydd parchu ‘gofod personol‘ cleient

j. Disgrifio sut i ddefnyddio technegau ymgynghori addas er mwyn nodi amcanion triniaeth

k. Egluro pwysigrwydd rhoi argymhellion clir i’r cleient



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Knowledge

Learning outcome 1

Be able to communicate and behave in a professional manner when dealing with clients


f. Assess the advantages and disadvantages of different types of communication used with clients

g. Describe how to adapt methods of communication to suit the client and their needs

h. Explain what is meant by the term ‘professionalism’ within beauty related industries

i. Explain the importance of respecting a client’s ‘personal space’

j. Describe how to use suitable consultation techniques to identify treatment objectives

k. Explain the importance of providing clear recommendations to the client


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Canlyniad dysgu 2

Gallu rheoli disgwyliadau cleientiaid



c. Gwerthuso adborth cleientiaid

d. Gwerthuso’r mesurau a ddefnyddir er mwyn sicrhau cyfrinachedd y cleient

e. Egluro pwysigrwydd addasu technegau adwerthu er mwyn cwrdd â gofynion y cleient

f. Adnabod dulliau o wella eich arferion gwaith eich hunan

g. Disgrifio sut i ddatrys cwynion cleientiaid



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Learning outcome 2

Be able to manage client expectations


c. Evaluate client feedback

d. Evaluate measures used to maintain client confidentiality

e. Explain the importance of adapting retail sales techniques to meet client requirements

f. Identify methods of improving own working practices

g. Describe how to resolve client complaints


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Cynnwys yr uned


Cyfathrebu ar lafar: (siarad) dull a thôn, yn broffesiynol, yn gefnogol, yn barchus, yn sensitif i’r cleient, cwestiynau agored yn ymwneud â’r driniaeth.

Manteision – ymateb cyflym, ar unwaith, iaith corff y cleient, llwybr papur.

Anfanteision – dim cofnod ysgrifenedig, dim amser i ystyried.

Cyfathrebu di-eiriau: cyswllt llygad, iaith y corff, gwrando.

Manteision – cyfathrebu ysgrifenedig, manwl, wedi’i gofnodi, clir, penodol, cyfle i ystyried, llwybr papur.

Iaith y corff – mynegi teimladau, yn hawdd adnabod dicter, hapusrwydd, dryswch.

Anfanteision – cyfathrebu ysgrifenedig, ddim yn bosibl gweld ymateb, ddim yn bosibl newid meddwl, dim cyfle i drafod.

Iaith y corff – dim modd cuddio teimladau, gall fod yn rhwystr.

Dull proffesiynol: Defnyddio iaith corff gadarnhaol, glynu wrth reoliadau’r salon a chodau ymddygiad, annog cleientiaid i holi cwestiynau, bod yn gefnogol ac yn barchus, bod yn sensitif i breifatrwydd a manylion personol y cleient, ymddangosiad proffesiynol, osgoi sgyrsiau amhriodol.

Ymddangosiad proffesiynol: Iwnifform lân, broffesiynol, dim gemwaith na thyllu, gwallt wedi ei glymu’n daclus (ffrinj yn daclus), esgidiau caeedig, hylendid a glendid personol (cawod/bath, gorchuddio clwyfau a briwiau, diaroglydd neu wrthchwyswr), hylendid y geg (dannedd glân, anadl ffres), ewinedd (mewn cyflwr da ac yn cael gofal da, byr, dim farnais ewinedd, dim estyniadau ewinedd).

Ymddygiad moesol proffesiynol: yn gwrtais, hwyliog a chyfeillgar (mynegiant wyneb cyfeillgar, agwedd gadarnhaol, cyswllt llygad, iaith corff agored), perthynas gyda chleientiaid (dim tynnu’n groes, cyfrinachedd), parch tuag at gydweithwyr a chystadleuwyr, osgoi clecs, balchder yn y gwaith, gonestrwydd, uniondeb, prydlondeb, teyrngarwch i gyflogwr a chleient.

Cyfathrebu wrth ymgynghori: Pennu gofynion y cleient ac argymhellion therapydd, rhoi cyngor priodol os oes gan y cleient wrthrybuddion, bodlonrwydd cleientiaid, disgwyliadau cleientiaid, addasrwydd ac ôl-ofal, atal gwrthweithrediadau, cwrtais, cyswllt llygad, cyfathrebu geiriol, cyfathrebu di-eiriau, llofnodion cleient a therapydd (dogfen gyfreithiol; hawliadau yswiriant, cydnabod argymhellion), osgoi gwrthdaro rhwng cleient a therapydd, â’r llygad, â llaw, holi, gwrando, cyfeirinod cerdyn y cleient, defnyddio ystod o derminoleg sy’n gysylltiedig â’r driniaeth dan sylw.

Canlyniad dysgu 1: Gallu ymddwyn a chyfathrebu mewn modd proffesiynol wrth ddelio â chleientiaid

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Unit content


Verbal communication: (speaking) manner and tone, professional, supportive, respectful, sensitive to client, open questioning related to treatment.

Advantages – quick, instant response, client body language.

Disadvantages – no written record, no time to consider, no paper trail. Non-verbal communication: eye contact, body language, listening.

Advantages – written communication, detailed, recorded, clear, specific, opportunity to consider, paper trail.

Body language – expression of feelings, easily identify anger, happiness, confusion.

Disadvantages – written communication, cannot see reaction, cannot change mind, no opportunity for discussion.

Body language – cannot hide feelings, can be a barrier.

Professional manner: Use positive body language, abide by salon regulations and codes of conduct, encourage clients to ask questions, be supportive and respectful, be sensitive to client’s privacy and personal details, professional appearance, avoid inappropriate conversations.

Professional appearance: Clean, professional uniform, no jewellery or piercings, hair neatly tied back (fringe secured), closed-in footwear, personal hygiene and cleanliness (shower/bath, cover cuts and abrasions, deodorant or antiperspirant), oral hygiene (clean teeth, fresh breath), nails (good condition and maintained, short, no nail varnish, no nail extensions).

Professional ethical conduct: Polite, cheerful and friendly manner; friendly facial expressions, positive attitude, eye contact, open body language, client relations (not argumentative, confidentiality), respect for colleagues and competitors, avoid gossip, pride in work, honesty, integrity, punctuality, employer and client loyalty.

Consultation communications: Establish client requirements and therapist recommendations, give appropriate advice if client is contra-indicated, client satisfaction, client expectations, suitability and aftercare, prevent contra-actions, courteous, eye contact, verbal communication, non-verbal communication, signatures of client and therapist (legal document; insurance claims, acknowledgement of recommendations), avoid conflict between a client and therapist, visual, manual, question, listen, client card reference, use a range of related terminology linked to treatment being performed.

Learning outcome 1: Be able to communicate and behave in a professional manner when dealing with clients

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Canlyniad dysgu 1: Gallu ymddwyn a chyfathrebu mewn modd proffesiynol wrth ddelio â chleientiaid (parhad)

Gofynion y cleient:Oedran, cefndir diwylliannol, anghenion arbennig, cleientiaid bodlon, delio â chleientiaid anfodlon, trin pob cleient yn gyfartal, yn glir, yn uniongyrchol, cymryd camau lle bo angen, cofnod ysgrifenedig.

Gofynion triniaeth y cleient: Asesu anghenion ac addasrwydd cleientiaid, cytundeb y cleient, canlyniad realistig, cost, hyd ac amlder triniaethau, gwasanaethau ychwanegol.

Argymhellion i’r cleient:Egluro’r driniaeth (y broses, y synhwyriadau a ddisgwylir, adwaith y croen, canlyniadau), cynghori’r cleient am y driniaeth fwyaf addas, triniaethau pellach, cyngor ôl-ofal, newidiadau i’w ffordd o fyw, sicrhau bod y cleient yn cytuno, argymhellion adwerthu, atal gwrthweithrediadau, gwella canlyniadau, cynnal triniaeth am gyfnod hirach, gofal cleientiaid, bodlonrwydd cleientiaid, disgwyliadau cleientiaid, elw (gwerthiannau cysylltiedig, rhesymau yswiriant, cwblhau’r broses ymgynghori, cleientiaid yn dychwelyd/ cyson, busnes newydd).

Gofod personol:Gofod rhwng y cleient a’r therapydd, gosod y cleient, gorchuddio’r cleient, lleoliad addas ar gyfer ymgynghori, cyfforddusrwydd y cleient, preifatrwydd y cleient, anymwthiol.

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Client requirements: Age, cultural background, special needs, satisfied clients, dealing with dissatisfied clients, all clients treated equally, clear, direct, action taken where necessary, written record. Client treatment needs: Assess client needs and suitability, client agreement, realistic outcome, cost, duration and frequency of treatments, additional services.

Recommendations to client: Explain treatment (the process, expected sensations, skin reaction, outcomes), advise client of most suitable treatment, further treatments, aftercare advice, lifestyle changes, seek agreement from client, retail recommendations, prevent contra-actions, improve results, maintain treatment longer, client care, client satisfaction, client expectations, profits (link sales, insurance reasons, completion of consultation process, returning/repeat clients, new business).

Personal space: Space between client and therapist, positioning of client, covering of client, suitable location for consultation, client comfort, client privacy, unobtrusive.

Learning outcome 1: Be able to communicate and behave in a professional manner when dealing with clients (continued)

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Canlyniad dysgu 2: Gallu rheoli disgwyliadau cleientiaid

Cyfrinachedd cleientiaid: Diogelu data, proffesiynol, defnydd o wybodaeth sensitif, y math o wybodaeth, mynediad cleientiaid i’w cofnodion eu hunain, sicrhau hyder cleient, storio manylion personol cleientiaid, cardiau cofnodi, dull o waredu data sensitif, mynediad ar gael i bersonau awdurdodedig, terfyn amser ar gyfer storio data, cyfleuster storio diogel.

Adborth gofal cleientiaid: Ffurflen ymgynghori â chleientiaid, blwch sylwadau, dulliau llafar a di-eiriau, proffesiynol, gosod targedau, cyfeirio at adborth mewn modd adeiladol, dull proffesiynol, cwrtais, datblygiad personol, gwella bodlonrwydd cleientiaid, gofal cleientiaid, elw’r salon, datblygu gyrfa, gwaith tîm, hyfforddiant gweithwyr, enw da, busnes gan gleientiaid yn dychwelyd, triniaethau ychwanegol. Cwynion gan gleientiaid: Dull proffesiynol, cwrtais, gofal cleient da, uwch therapydd, uwch dderbynnydd neu reolwr, delio â’r sefyllfa mewn ffordd briodol, datrys y sefyllfa, technegau cyfathrebu da, gofal cleient da, cyswllt llygad da, mynegiant wyneb da, iaith corff da, delio’n bwyllog â sefyllfa, dulliau o gofnodi cwynion, ymateb buan ar lafar/yn ysgrifenedig.

Cyfleoedd adwerthu: Cwblhau’r ymgynghoriad, cofnodi ar gerdyn cofnodi, elw, cysylltu adwerthu/gwerthiant, gwerthu cynnyrch a gwasanaethau eraill, cynigion hyrwyddo, samplau, arddangosiadau adwerthu, cleientiaid yn dychwelyd, cwrs o driniaethau, arddangosiadau, digwyddiadau agored, cynigion ar gyfer cleientiaid presennol.

Technegau gwerthu: laith y corff, ar lafar, yn ddi-eiriau, profwyr, samplau, yn gysylltiedig â’r triniaethau, gwybodaeth am gynnyrch, manteision, gwrando ar anghenion, cerdyn cofnodi, ffactorau ffordd o fyw.

Gwella arferion gwaith: Dadansoddiad SWOT (cryfderau, gwendidau, cyfleoedd a bygythiadau i’r busnes), gwerthiant, cynhyrchiant, dadansoddiad, holiaduron, adborth gan gleientiaid (ar lafar/di-eiriau), busnes gan gleientiaid yn dychwelyd, monitro tueddiadau, asesu gan gyfoedion, arsylwi, siopwr dirgel, arfarniad.

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Client confidentiality: Data protection, professional, use of sensitive information, type of information, client access to their own records, maintain client’s confidence, storage of client’s personal details, record cards, method of destroying sensitive data, access available to authorised persons, time limit of storage of data, secured storage facility.

Client care feedback: Client consultation form, comments box, verbal and non-verbal methods, professional, target setting, relate to feedback constructively, professional manner, polite, courteous, personal development, improves client satisfaction, client care, salon profits, career development, team work, employee training, reputation, repeat business, additional treatments. Client complaints: Professional manner, polite, courteous, good client care, senior therapist, senior receptionist or manager, dealt with appropriately, resolve situation, good communication techniques, good client care, good eye contact, good facial expressions, good body language, deal with situation calmly, methods of recording complaints, prompt response verbally/written. Retail opportunities: Completion of consultation, record on record card, profit, linking of retail/sales, selling products and other services, promotional offers, samples, retail displays, repeat business, course of treatments, demonstrations, open events, existing client offers.

Sales techniques: Body language, verbal, non-verbal, testers, samples, linked to treatment, product knowledge, benefits, listen to client’s needs, record card, lifestyle factors.

Improve working practices: SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to business), sales, productivity, analysis, questionnaires, feedback from clients (verbal/non-verbal), repeat business, monitor trends, peer assessment, observation, mystery shopper, appraisal.

Learning outcome 2: Be able to manage client expectations

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Nodiadau/

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Darparu tylino ar gyfer y corffUV30424C

Mae’r uned hon yn ymwneud â’r sgiliau sy’n gysylltiedig â darparu triniaethau tylino ar gyfer y corff. Byddwch yn dysgu am symudiadau tylino Swedaidd clasurol a bydd angen i chi addasu technegau tylino i gwrdd ag anghenion cleientiaid unigol. Byddwch hefyd yn dysgu am iechyd, diogelwch, hylendid a gofal cleientiaid.

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Provide body massageUV30424

This unit is about the skills involved in providing body massage treatments. You will learn about the classical Swedish massage movements and will be required to adapt massage techniques to suit individual client needs. You will also learn about health, safety, hygiene and client care.

Lefel

3

Gwerth credyd

9


84

Arsylwad(au)

4

Papur(au) allanol

2

75

Level

3

Credit value

9

GLH

84

Observation(s)

4

External Paper(s)

2

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Canlyniadau dysgu


1. Gallu paratoi ar gyfer triniaethau tylino’r corff

2. Gallu cynnal triniaethau tylino’r corff


1. Amgylchedd Rhaid casglu tystiolaeth ar gyfer yr uned hon naill ai yn y gweithle neu mewn amgylchedd gwaith realistig.

2. Efelychiad (Simulation) Ni chaniateir efelychiad ar gyfer yr uned hon.

3. Canlyniadau arsylwadau Rhaid arddangos perfformiad cymwys o’r Canlyniadau Arsylwi i’ch aseswr ar o leiaf bedwar achlysur.

4. Ystod Mae’n rhaid arddangos pob ystod yn ymarferol er mwyn dangos eu bod wedi eu haddysgu.



Darparu tylino ar gyfer y corff

7. Papur allanol Yn yr uned hon bydd gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth yn cael eu hasesu drwy bapur allanol. Mae’r meini prawf sy’n rhan o’r papur hwn wedi’u hamlygu’n wyn drwy gydol yr uned hon. Mae’n rhaid llwyddo mewn dau bapur allanol.

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Learning outcomes


1. Be able to prepare for a body massage treatment

2. Be able to provide a body massage treatment


1. Environment Evidence for this unit must be gathered in a real or realistic working environment.

2. Simulation Simulation is not allowed in this unit.

3. Observation outcomes Competent performance of ‘Observation’ outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least four occasions.

4. Range All ranges must be practically demonstrated or other forms of evidence produced to show they have been covered.

5. Knowledge outcomes There must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the Knowledge section of this unit. This evidence may include projects, assignments, case studies, reflective accounts, oral/written questioning and/or other forms of evidence.

6. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes and cover ranges in this unit. All outcomes and ranges must be achieved.

Provide body massage

7. External paper Knowledge and understanding in this unit will be assessed by an external paper. The criteria that make up this paper are highlighted in white throughout this unit. There are two external papers that must be achieved.

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Cyflawni’r ystod

Mae’r adran ystod yn nodi beth sy’n rhaid ymdrin ag ef. Mae’n rhaid arddangos ystodau yn ymarferol fel rhan o arsylwad. Os nad yw hyn yn bosibl, gellir cyflwyno mathau eraill o dystiolaeth. Mae’n rhaid ymdrin â phob ystod.

Bydd eich aseswr yn dogfennu’r cyfeirnod portffolio pan fydd ystod wedi’i chyflawni’n gymwys.


Mae’r amserau gwasanaeth mwyaf canlynol yn berthnasol i’r uned hon:

Tylino’r cefn 30 munud

Tylino’r corff i gyd (ddim yn cynnwys y pen a’r wyneb)

60 munud

Tylino’r corff i gyd (yn cynnwys y pen a’r wyneb)

75 munud

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Achieving range

The range section indicates what must be covered. Ranges should be practically demonstrated as part of an observation. Where this is not possible other forms of evidence may be produced. All ranges must be covered.

Your assessor will document the portfolio reference once a range has been competently achieved.

Case studies sign off

The following maximum service times apply to this unit:

Back massage 30 minutes

Full body massage (excluding head and face)

60 minutes

Full body massage (including head and face)

75 minutes

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Arsylwadau

Canlyniad dysgu 1

Gallu paratoi ar gyfer triniaeth tylino’r corff


a. Paratoi eich hun, y cleient a’r ardal waith ar gyfer tylino’r corff

b. Defnyddio technegau ymgynghori addas er mwyn pennu amcanion triniaeth

c. Cynghori’r cleient sut i baratoi ar gyfer y driniaeth

d. Rhoi cynghorion clir i’r cleient

e. Dewis cynhyrchion a chyfarpar addas ar gyfer anghenion triniaeth, math a chyflyrau croen y cleient


Arsylwad 1 2 3

Dyddiad cyflawni




Llofnod y dysgwr

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Observations

Learning outcome 1

Be able to prepare for a body massage treatment

You can:

a. Prepare yourself, the client and work area for body massage

b. Use suitable consultation techniques to identify treatment objectives

c. Advise the client on how to prepare for the treatment

d. Provide clear recommendations to the client

e. Select products and tools to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions


Observation 1 2 3

Date achieved


Portfolio reference

Assessor initials

Learner signature

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Canlyniad dysgu 2

Gallu cynnal triniaeth tylino’r corff


a. Cyfathrebu ac ymddwyn mewn ffordd broffesiynol

b. Dilyn arferion iechyd a diogelwch yn y gwaith

c. Gosod eich hun a’r cleient yn gywir yn ystod y driniaeth

d. Defnyddio cynhyrchion, cyfarpar a thechnegau addas ar gyfer anghenion triniaeth, a math a chyflwr croen y cleient

e. Cwblhau’r driniaeth mewn ffordd sy’n plesio’r cleient

f. Cofnodi a gwerthuso canlyniadau triniaeth

g. Darparu cyngor ôl-ofal addas


Arsylwad 1 2 3

Dyddiad cyflawni




Llofnod y dysgwr

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Learning outcome 2

Be able to provide a body massage treatment

You can:

a. Communicate and behave in a professional manner

b. Follow health and safety working practices

c. Position yourself and the client correctly throughout the treatment

d. Use products, tools and techniques to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

e. Complete the treatment to the satisfaction of the client

f. Record and evaluate the results of the treatment

g. Provide suitable aftercare advice


Observation 1 2 3

Date achieved


Portfolio reference

Assessor initials

Learner signature

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Arsylwadau ystod


Defnyddio pob cyfrwng tylino Cyfeirnod portffolio

Olew

Hufen

Powdr

Defnyddio pob techneg ymgynghori Cyfeirnod portffolio

Holi

Gweledol

Â llaw

Cyfeirio at gofnodion y cleient

Delio gyda holl nodweddion corfforol cleientiaid Cyfeirnod portffolio

Pwysau

Taldra

Ymddaliad

Ffyrfder y cyhyrau

Oed

lechyd

Cyflwr y croen

Delio gydag o leiaf 1 o’r camau angenrheidiol Cyfeirnod portffolio

Annog y cleient i ofyn am gyngor meddygol

Egluro pam na ellir cynnal y driniaeth

Addasu’r driniaeth


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Observation range


Used all massage mediums Portfolio reference

Oil

Cream

Powder

Used all consultation techniques Portfolio reference

Questioning

Visual

Manual

Reference to client records

Dealt with all client physical characteristics Portfolio reference

Weight

Height

Posture

Muscle tone

Age

Health

Skin condition

Dealt with a minimum of 1 of the necessary actions Portfolio reference

Encouraging the client to seek medical advice

Explaining why the treatment cannot be carried out

Modification of treatment


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Cwrdd â holl amcanion y driniaeth Cyfeirnod portffolio

Ymlacio

Creu ymdeimlad o les

Codi’r ysbryd

Gwrth-seliwleit

Bywiogi

Ymdrin â’r holl fannau sydd i’w trin Cyfeirnod portffolio

Yr wyneb

Y pen

Y frest a’r ysgwyddau

Y breichiau a’r dwylo

Yr abdomen

Y cefn

Y coesau a’r traed

Defnyddio pob un o’r technegau tylino Cyfeirnod portffolio

Effleurage

Petrissage

Tapotement

Dirgrynu

Ffrithiant


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Met all treatment objectives Portfolio reference

Relaxation

Sense of wellbeing

Uplifting

Anti-cellulite

Stimulating

Covered all treatment areas Portfolio reference

Face

Head

Chest and shoulders

Arms and hands

Abdomen

Back

Legs and feet

Used all massage techniques Portfolio reference

Effleurage

Petrissage

Tapotement

Vibration

Friction



Darparu pob math o gyngor Cyfeirnod portffolio

I osgoi gweithgareddau a allai achosi gwrthweithrediadau

Anghenion triniaeth yn y dyfodol

Newidiadau i batrymau ffordd o fyw

Cyngor ar fwyta’n iach ac ymarfer corff

Cynhyrchion gofal cartref addas a sut i’w defnyddio


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Provided all types of advice Portfolio reference

Avoidance of activities which may cause contra-actions

Future treatment needs

Modifications to lifestyle patterns

Healthy eating and exercise advice

Suitable home care products and their use


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• Prosiectau







• Aseiniadau







Datblygu gwybodaeth

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• Projects

• Observed work





• Oral questions

• Assignments

• Case studies







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Cyflawni’r papur allanol

Bydd y papurau allanol yn profi eich gwybodaeth o’r meini prawf sydd wedi’u hamlygu’n wyn. Mae’n rhaid cael marc o 70% i lwyddo. Bydd eich tiwtor/aseswr yn cael gwybod am y meini prawf a fethwyd. Wedyn, byddwch chi’n cael eich cwestiynu ar lafar neu bydd gofyn i chi gyflwyno mathau eraill o dystiolaeth gan fod rhaid cyflawni holl feini prawf yr uned.

Bydd eich aseswr yn llenwi’r tabl isod pan fyddwch wedi cyflawni’r marc llwyddo o 70%.

Papur Dyddiad cyflawni Blaenlythrennau’r aseswr

1 o 2

2 o 2

Papur allanol

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Achieving the external paper

The external papers will test your knowledge of the criteria highlighted in white. A pass mark of 70% must be achieved for each paper. Criteria not achieved will be identified to your tutor/assessor. You will then be orally questioned or asked to produce other forms of evidence as all unit criteria must be achieved.

Your assessor will complete the following table when the 70% pass marks have been achieved.

Paper Date achieved Assessor initials

1 of 2

2 of 2

External paper

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Gwybodaeth

Canlyniad dysgu 1

Gallu paratoi ar gyfer tylino’r corff



f. Disgrifio gofynion y salon o ran paratoi eich hun, y cleient a’r ardal waith

g. Disgrifio’r amodau amgylcheddol sy’n addas ar gyfer triniaethau tylino’r corff

h. Disgrifio’r gwahanol dechnegau ymgynghori a ddefnyddir er mwyn pennu amcanion y driniaeth

i. Disgrifio sut mae dewis cynhyrchion a chyfarpar addas ar gyfer anghenion triniaeth y cleient a math a chyflwr croen y cleient

j. Disgrifio’r gwahanol fathau o groen a chyflyrau croen

k. Egluro’r gwrthrybuddion sy’n atal neu’n cyfyngu ar driniaethau tylino’r corff

l. Nodi amcanion triniaethau tylino

m. Nodi’r buddion a ddaw o ganlyniad i driniaethau tylino

n. Adnabod y mathau cyffredinol o gyrff

o. Disgrifio gwahanol fathau o fraster y corff

p. Disgrifio diffygion ymddaliad cyffredin



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Knowledge

Learning outcome 1

Be able to prepare for a body massage treatment


f. Describe salon requirements for preparing yourself, the client and work area

g. Describe the environmental conditions suitable for body massage treatments

h. Describe the different consultation techniques used to identify treatment objectives

i. Describe how to select products and tools to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

j. Describe the different skin types and conditions

k. Explain the contra-indications that prevent or restrict body massage treatments

l. State the objectives of massage treatments

m. State the benefits derived from massage treatments

n. Identify general body types

o. Describe the different types of body fat

p. Outline common postural faults

* Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned.

Requirements highlighted in white are assessed in the external paper.

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Canlyniad dysgu 2




h. Egluro sut i gyfathrebu ac ymddwyn mewn ffordd broffesiynol

i. Disgrifio arferion iechyd a diogelwch yn y gwaith

j. Egluro pwysigrwydd gosod eich hun a’r cleient yn gywir drwy gydol y driniaeth

k. Egluro pwysigrwydd defnyddio cynhyrchion, cyfarpar a thechnegau sy’n addas ar gyfer anghenion triniaeth y cleient, gwahanol fathau o groen a chyflyrau croen

l. Disgrifio manteision a’r defnydd o dylino mecanyddol a thriniaethau cyn-wres

m. Disgrifio sut y gellir addasu triniaethau ar gyfer anghenion, math a chyflyrau croen y cleient

n. Nodwch y gwrthweithrediadau a all ddigwydd yn ystod ac ar ôl triniaeth a sut i ymateb iddyn nhw

o. Egluro pwysigrwydd cwblhau’r driniaeth mewn ffordd sy’n plesio’r cleient

p. Egluro pwysigrwydd cwblhau cofnodion triniaeth

q. Disgrifio’r dulliau o werthuso effeithiolrwydd y driniaeth

r. Disgrifio’r cyngor ôl-ofal y dylid ei roi



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Learning outcome 2



h. Explain how to communicate and behave in a professional manner

i. Describe health and safety working practices

j. Explain the importance of positioning yourself and the client correctly throughout the treatment

k. Explain the importance of using products, tools and techniques to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

l. Describe the benefits and uses of mechanical massage and pre-heat treatments

m. Describe how treatments can be adapted to suit client treatment needs, skin types and conditions

n. State the contra-actions that may occur during and following treatments and how to respond

o. Explain the importance of completing the treatment to the satisfaction of the client

p. Explain the importance of completing treatment records

q. Describe the methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment

r. Describe the aftercare advice that should be provided



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Canlyniad dysgu 2 (parhad)




s. Disgrifio strwythur a phrif swyddogaeth systemau canlynol y corff, o ran tylino:

• y croen

• sgerbydol

• cyhyrol

• cardiofasgwlaidd

• lymffatig

• nerfol

• treuliol

• wrinol

• endocrinaidd

t. Disgrifio prif afiechydon ac anhwylderau systemau’r corff

u. Disgrifio effeithiau tylino ar y corff

v. Disgrifio defnydd y pum symudiad tylino clasurol

w. Disgrifio defnydd gwahanol gyfryngau tylino

x. Disgrifio’r ddeddfwriaeth sydd ynghlwm â darparu triniaethau tylino



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Learning outcome 2 (continued)



s. Describe the structure and the main functions of the following body systems in relation to massage:

• skin

• skeletal

• muscular

• cardiovascular

• lymphatic

• nervous

• digestive

• urinary

• endocrine

t. Describe the main diseases and disorders of body systems

u. Describe the effects of massage on the body

v. Describe the uses of the five classical massage movements

w. Describe the uses of different massage mediums

x. Describe the legislation relating to the provision of massage treatments



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Cynnwys yr uned


Rheoli iechyd a diogelwch yn y gwaith:Glanhau gollyngiadau, adrodd am arwynebau llithrig, cael gwared ar/adrodd am rwystrau, sicrhau mynediad rhwydd at drolïau a chyfarpar, sterileiddio neu ddiheintio (cyfarpar, offer, arwynebau gwaith), cyfarpar diogelu personol.

Codi a chario:Symud stoc, codi pwysau, uchder gwaith, dadbacio, ymddaliad, osgo, cydbwyso pwysau, gwarchod y cefn, atal y cefn rhag crymu.

Tywelion:Glân ar gyfer pob cleient, tywelion budr mewn bin gyda chaead.

Yswiriant atebolrwydd:Cyflogwr, cyhoeddus, indemniad proffesiynol.

Adrodd am anafiadau, clefydau a digwyddiadau peryglus:Llyfr damweiniau, cofnodi clefydau, is-ddeddfau lleol, cod ymddygiad, asesu risg.

Rheoliadau:Rheoli sylweddau sy’n beryglus i iechyd, rheoli iechyd a diogelwch yn y gwaith, codi a chario, cyfarpar diogelu personol, adrodd am anafiadau, clefydau a digwyddiadau peryglus, y gweithle (Iechyd a lles).

Peryglon a risgiau:Mae perygl yn rhywbeth sydd â’r potensial i achosi niwed. Risg yw’r tebygolrwydd o hynny’n digwydd.

Peryglon – angen gweithredu ar unwaith, lefel cyfrifoldeb, adrodd, personél wedi’i enwebu, dyletswydd i adnabod/delio â pheryglon.

Cyfarpar:I’w ddefnyddio at y dibenion y’i bwriadwyd yn unig, defnydd diogel, trin, storio, a glanhau, codi, gwirio gweledol, gwisgo, nam, trwsio, cynnal a chadw.

Rhesymau dros asesiadau risg:Staff, ymwelwyr, iechyd a diogelwch cleientiaid, yr amgylchedd diogel, cyn lleied â phosibl o beryglon a risgiau, gofynion deddfwriaeth.

Hylendid:Cyffredinol – diheintio arwynebau gwaith, gorchuddio clwyfau a briwiau, golchi dwylo’r therapydd cyn ac ar ôl triniaethau, tywelion glân rhwng y cleient, rhoi tywelion budr mewn bin wedi’i orchuddio, tywelion tafladwy, cael gwared ar gynnyrch gyda sbatwla, pwmp neu chwistrell, a gaiff ei ddefnyddio lle bynnag y bo modd, dim ysmygu, hylendid personol, adnewyddu caeadau rhydd, poteli a photiau neb gaeadau.

Gwaredu gwastraff – bin gyda leinin, a gollyngiadau a chemegion nas defnyddiwyd, gwastraff halogedig, gwastraff peryglus, diogelu’r amgylchedd.

Canlyniad dysgu 1: Gallu paratoi ar gyfer triniaeth tylino’r corff

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Unit content


Management of health and safety at work:Cleaning up spillages, report slippery surfaces, remove report obstacles, good all round access to trolleys and equipment, sterilise or disinfect (tools, equipment, work surfaces), personal protective equipment.

Manual handling:Moving stock, lifting, working heights, unpacking, posture, deportment, balance weight, preserve back, prevent slouching.

Towels:Clean for every client, dirty towels in covered bin.

Liability insurance:Employers, public, professional indemnity.

Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences:Accident book, reporting diseases, local byelaws, code of conduct, risk assessment.

Regulations:Control of substances hazardous to health, management of health and safety at work, manual handling, personal protective equipment, reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences, workplace (health and welfare).

Hazards and risks:A hazard is something that has the potential to cause harm. A risk is the likelihood of a hazard happening.

Hazards – require immediate legislation, level of responsibility, report, nominated personnel, duty to recognise/deal with hazards.

Equipment:Only used for intended purpose, safe usage, handling, storage, cleaning, lifting, visual checks, worn, faulty, repairs, maintenance.

Reasons for risk assessment:Staff, visitor, client health and safety, safe environment, minimise hazards and risks, requirement of legislation.

Hygiene:General – disinfect work surfaces, cover cuts and abrasions, sanitise therapist’s hands before and after treatments, clean towels between client, place dirty towels in covered bin, disposable towels, dispense products with a spatula, pump or spray, disposables used wherever possible, no smoking, personal hygiene, replace loose lids, uncapped bottles and pots.

Disposal of waste – bin with a liner, spillages and unused chemicals, contaminated waste, hazardous waste, environmental protection.

Learning outcome 1: Be able to prepare for a body massage treatment

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Canlyniad dysgu 1: Gallu paratoi ar gyfer triniaeth tylino’r corff (parhad)

Ymddaliad ac osgo’r therapydd:Ymddaliad cywir wrth eistedd, ymddaliad cywir wrth godi, ymddaliad cywir wrth gario, dulliau gweithio i osgoi anaf straen ailadroddus (RSI), ymarferion llaw, ymddaliad wrth sefyll, pwysau wedi’i ddosbarthu’n gyson, cyfforddusrwydd cleientiaid, cadw gwedduster, cleient wedi’i leoli’n gywir i gael y budd mwyaf o’r driniaeth, sicrhau bod y therapydd wedi’i leoli’n gywir er mwyn defnyddio’r technegau priodol, gofod priodol rhwng y cleient a’r therapydd, atal anaf, y canlyniadau gorau posibl, caniatáu gwiriadau gweledol.

Ardal waith:Glân a hylan, cadair y gellir newid ei huchder, ymddaliad cywir, gwely uchder cywir, golau, awyru, sŵn, cerddoriaeth, tymheredd, awyrgylch, dim gwifrau’n llusgo, dim rhwystrau, offer a chyfarpar mewn safle gweithio diogel ar gyfer therapydd.

Paratoi’r cleient:Gwarchod dillad y cleint, sicrhau ei fod yn gyfforddus, preifatrwydd, gwedduster, cleient yn y safle gorau.

Cyfathrebu:Ar lafar – ffordd o siarad a goslef, proffesiynol, cefnogol, dangos parch, yn sensitif i’r cleient, cwestiynu agored yn ymwneud â’r driniaeth.

Di-eiriau – cyswllt llygad, iaith y corff, gwrando.

Cadw cofnodion:Systemau apwyntiadau cywir, deunydd ysgrifennu, teyrngarwch, gwobrwyon, cydnabod achlysuron, cadw cofnodion ymgynghoriadau, gwrthrybuddion, llofnodion, cyfeirio at gofnodion presennol, gwybodaeth yn glir ac yn gywir, trefn resymegol, enw, cyfeiriad, rhifau cyswllt, ystod oedran, rheswm dros y driniaeth, galwedigaeth, chwaraeon/hobïau, hanes meddygol, alergeddau/hypersensitifrwydd, lensys cyffwrdd,

gwrthweithrediadau, gwrthrybuddion, profion sensitifrwydd croen, newidiadau ac addasiadau, argymhellion, gofynion, cynllun triniaeth, diweddaru cofnodion ar ddiwedd y driniaeth, diweddaru yn ystod pob ymweliad, cofnodion yn cael eu cadw’n electronig, cofnodion papur.

Edrychiad proffesiynol:Iwnifform broffesiynol lân, dim gemwaith, dim tyllu, gwallt wedi’i glymu’n ôl yn daclus (ffrinj yn daclus), esgidiau caeedig, colur (colur dydd, ysgafn), hylendid a glendid personol (cawod/bath, gorchuddio clwyfau a briwiau, diaroglydd neu wrthchwyswr), hylendid y geg (dannedd glân, anadl ffres), ewinedd (mewn cyflwr da ac yn cael gofal da).

Ymddygiad moesegol proffesiynol:Cwrtais, hwyliog a chyfeillgar (mynegiant wyneb cyfeillgar, agwedd gadarnhaol, cyswllt llygad, iaith y corff agored), perthynas gyda chleientiaid, cyfrinachedd, parch tuag at gydweithwyr a chystadleuwyr, osgoi clecs, balchder yn y gwaith, prydlondeb, teyrngarwch cyflogwr a chleient.

Technegau ymgynghori:Gofynion y cleient, bodlonrwydd y cleient, disgwyliadau ac ôl-ofal y cleient, llofnodion, gweledol, â llaw, gwrando, cyfeirnod cerdyn cleient.

Dadansoddiad o’r corff:Ffyrfder cyhyrol, dros bwysau/pwysau arferol, taldra, seliwleit, oedema, dadansoddiad o’r ymddaliad, gormod o flew.

Siap y corff – ectomorff, mesomorff, endomorff.

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Therapist posture and deportment:Correct posture when sitting, correct posture when lifting, correct posture when carrying, working methods to avoid Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), hand exercises, standing posture, even weight distribution, client comfort, maintain modesty, client correctly positioned to get maximum benefit from treatment, ensure therapist positioning delivers appropriate techniques, appropriate space between client and therapist, prevent injury, optimum results, allow for visual checks.

Work area:Clean and hygienic, height adjustable chair, correct posture, correct couch height, lighting, ventilation, noise, music, temperature, ambience, no trailing wires, no obstructions, tools and equipment in a safe working position for therapist.

Client preparation:Protect client clothing, client comfort, privacy, modesty, client positioned correctly.

Communication:Verbal – speaking manner and tone, professional, supportive, respectful, sensitive to client, open questioning related to treatment. Non-verbal – eye contact, body language, listening.

Record keeping:Accurate appointment systems, stationery, loyalty, rewards, acknowledgement of occasions, consultation record keeping, contra-indications, signatures, refer to existing records, information clear and accurate, logical order, name, address, contact numbers, age range, reason for treatment, occupation, sport/hobbies, medical history, allergies/hypersensitivity, contact lenses, contra-actions, contra-indications,

skin sensitivity tests, adaptations and modifications, recommendations, requirement, treatment plan, update record at the end of the treatment, update at each visit, records maintained electronically, paper records.

Professional appearance:Clean professional uniform, no jewellery, no piercings, hair neatly tied back (fringe secured), closed in footwear, make-up (light day make-up), personal hygiene and cleanliness (shower/bath, cover cuts and abrasions, deodorant or antiperspirant), oral hygiene (clean teeth, fresh breath), nails (good condition and maintained).

Professional ethical conduct:Polite, cheerful and friendly manner (friendly facial expressions, positive attitude, eye contact, open body language), client relations, confidentiality, respect for colleagues and competitors, avoid gossip, pride in work, punctuality, employer and client loyalty.

Consultation techniques:Client requirements, client satisfaction, client expectations and aftercare, signatures, visual, manual, listen, client card reference.

Consultation techniques:Client requirements, client satisfaction, client expectations and aftercare, signatures, visual, manual, listen, client card reference.

Body analysis:Muscle tone, overweight/normal weight, height, cellulite, oedema, postural analysis, excessive hair.

Body shapes – ectomorph, mesomorph, endomorph.

Learning outcome 1: Be able to prepare for a body massage treatment (continued)

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Canlyniad dysgu 1: Gallu paratoi ar gyfer triniaeth tylino’r corff (parhad)

Amcanion triniaeth:Ymlacio, lleddfu straen a thensiwn, draeniad lymffatig, gwella’r ymddaliad, ymdeimlad o les, rheoli iechyd.

Argymhellion i’r cleient:Proses y driniaeth, synwyriadau a ddisgwylir, gwrthweithrediadau, canlyniadau, triniaethau pellach, dewisiadau o ran triniaeth, cyngor ôl-ofal, newidiadau ffordd o fyw.

Cyflyrau tylino:Hufen, olew, powdr, gel, cwyr.

Cyfarpar:Band gwallt, tywelion, gwely, gorchudd i’r gwely, rholyn gwely, cadair, troli, bin, gwlân cotwm, powlen, hancesi papur, sbatwla.

Math o groen:Normal, olewog, sych.

Cyflwr y croen:Aeddfed, sensitif, dadhydredig.

Mathau o fraster y corff:Perfeddol, isgroenol, newidynnau yn ôl rhyw, newidynnau ethnig.

Enghreifftiau o wrthrybuddion a allai atal triniaeth:Thrombosis gwythiennau dwfn, yn ystod triniaeth cemotherapi a radiotherapi, anhwylderau croen heintus – bacteriol (impetigo), firol (herpes simplex, yr eryr), ffwngaidd (tinea corporis), canser, cyflyrau cardiofasgwlaidd (pwysedd gwaed uchel, pwysedd gwaed isel), dolur rhydd/chwydu, hemoffilia, oedema meddygol, osteoporosis, twymyn, llawdriniaethau diweddar, seicosis, beichiogrwydd, gwythiennau faricos difrifol, anaf diweddar i’r pen a’r gwddf, gwaedlif, llid yr ymennydd, anhwylderau’r system nerfol, lympiau/poen heb eu diagnosio, ar feddyginiaeth.

Enghreifftiau o wrthrybuddion a allai gyfyngu ar driniaethau:Clefyd siwgr, epilepsi, gwythiennau faricos, pwysedd gwaed uchel/isel, alergedd i gynnyrch, anhwylderau’r croen – bacteriol (cornwydydd, ffolicwlitis), firol (dafadennau, ferwcâu), ffwngaidd (tarwden y traed), cyffuriau/alcohol, clwyfau/briwiauau, cleisiau, chwydd, meinwe craith diweddar, ecsema/ soriasis, mislif, hernia, pryd trwm, asthma, llosg haul, meigryn.

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Treatment objectives:Relaxation, stress and tension relief, lymphatic drainage, postural improvement, sense of wellbeing, health management.

Recommendations to client:Treatment process, expected sensations, contra-actions, outcomes, further treatments, treatment options, aftercare advice, lifestyle changes.

Massage mediums:Cream, oil, powder, gel, wax.

Tools:Headband, towels, couch, couch cover, couch roll, chair, trolley, bin, cotton wool, bowl, tissues, spatula.

Skin types:Normal, oily, dry.

Skin conditions:Mature, sensitive, dehydrated.

Body fat types:Visceral, subcutaneous, gender variables, ethnic variables.

Examples of contra-indications that may prevent treatment:Deep vein thrombosis, during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, contagious skin disorders – bacterial (impetigo), viral (herpes simplex, herpes zoster), fungal (tinea corporis), cancer, cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, hypotension), diarrhoea/vomiting, haemophilia, medical oedema, osteoporosis, fever, recent operations, psychosis, pregnancy, severe varicose veins, recent head and neck injury, haemorrhage, meningitis, nervous system disorders, undiagnosed lumps/pain, on medication.

Examples of contra-indications that may restrict treatment:Diabetes, epilepsy, varicose veins, high/low blood pressure, product allergies, skin disorders – bacterial (boils, folliculitis), viral (warts, verruca), fungal (tinea pedis), drugs/alcohol, cuts/abrasions, bruising, swelling, recent scar tissue, eczema/psoriasis, menstruation, hernia, heavy meal, asthma, sunburn, migraine.

Learning outcome 1: Be able to prepare for a body massage treatment (continued)

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Gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth o fanteision ac effeithiau G5 (Tylino Mecanyddol Cylchdroadol): Gwell cylchrediad, gwell cylchrediad lymff, meddalu meinwe brasterog, ychwanegu terfyniadau nerfol synhwyraidd, ysgogi’r croen, dadchwyddo, gwella rhannau o’r corff â seliwleit, croen sych wedi’i wella. Gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth o fanteision a defnydd triniaethau cyn-wres: Padiau gwres, blanced drydan, lamp isgoch, menig poeth, ymlacio cyhyrau, cyhyrau wedi’u cyflinio i dylino, yn gwella effeithiolrwydd triniaeth.

Addasu triniaethau: Cynhyrchion, gwasgedd, technegau, cyflymder, trefn, cyfeiriad, cwmpas, amseriad, amledd.

Gwerthuso triniaethau: Adborth, disgwyliadau wedi’u diwallu, triniaeth effeithiol, gwrthweithrediadau, amser realistig, cleient bodlon, dewisiadau triniaeth, adolygiad o’r cynllun triniaeth.

Cyngor ôl-ofal: Gorffwys, ymarferion osgo, ymarferion anadlu’n ddwfn, ymarferion symudedd, yfed dŵr, deiet iach, rheoli straen, dewisiadau triniaeth, newidiadau ffordd o fyw, gwrthweithrediadau.

Gwrthweithrediadau posibl: Erythema, poenau/breuder (gwasgedd, addasiad techneg), pen tost (yfed dŵr, gorffwys, awyr iach), pendro (gorffwys, anadlu dwfn), cyfog (gorffwys, anadlu’n ddwfn), symptomau fel y ffliw (gorffwys), patrymau cysgu wedi newid, blinder (gorffwys, awyr iach), syched (yfed dŵr), emosiynau dwysach (gorffwys, ymlacio, cyfeirio), mwy o droethi (rhyddhau gwenwyn, yfed dŵr). Gweithredu – addasu triniaethau, trafod/cynghori, ymatebion cymorth cyntaf.

Enghreifftiau o ddeddfwriaeth a rheoliadau sy’n ymwneud â thylino: Y DU yn unig – Mae Deddf Awdurdodau Lleol Llundain yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i ymarferwyr tylino ddal trwydded ‘triniaethau arbennig‘, gall y Ddeddf Meddyginiaethau a’r Ddeddf Diogelu Defnyddwyr hefyd fod yn berthnasol i therapyddion sy’n darparu gwasanaethau tylino.

Y DU ac Ewrop – Gall Cyfarwyddeb Cosmetigau’r UE hefyd fod yn berthnasol, yn dibynnu ar y cyfryngau tylino a ddefnyddir.

Cyffredinol – Nid yw hon yn rhestr hollgynhwysfawr a chynghorir dysgwyr a therapyddion i gael cyngor gan gymdeithas broffesiynol (megis Ffederasiwn y Therapyddion Holistaidd) ynglŷn â’r gofynion rheoleiddio sy’n ymwneud â thylino.

Manteision posibl tylino: Ffisiolegol – gwell cylchrediad a draeniad lymff, gwell ffyrfder/elastigedd croen, gwell ffyrfder cyhyrol, cyhyrau llai blinedig, system nerfol gytbwys, gwell cwsg, treuliad anaerobig, rhoi hwb i imiwnedd.

Seicolegol – ymlacio, lleddfu straen, gwell ymdeimlad o les, mwy o egni.

Symudiadau tylino: Effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, dirgryniadau, ffrithiannau.

Enghreifftiau o glefydau ac anhwylderau’r croen: Cynhenid – ecsema, soriasis.

Bacteriol – acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, ffolicwlitis, cornwydydd, impetigo.

Canlyniad dysgu 2: Gallu cynnal triniaeth tylino’r corff

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Knowledge and understanding of the benefits and effects of G5 (Gyratory Mechanical Massage): Increased circulation, increased lymph circulation, softening of fatty tissue, stimulation of sensory nerve endings, stimulation of skin function, desquamation, improve areas of cellulite, improved dry skin. Knowledge and understanding of the benefits and uses of pre-heat treatments: Heat pads, electric blanket, infra-red lamp, hot mitts, relaxation of muscle, muscle primed for massage, improves effectiveness of treatment.

Treatment adaptations:Products, pressure, techniques, speed, order, direction, coverage, timing, frequency.

Treatment evaluation: Feedback, expectations fulfilled, effective treatment, contra-actions, realistic time, satisfied client, treatment options, treatment plan review. Aftercare advice: Rest, postural exercises, deep breathing exercises, mobility exercises, drink water, healthy diet, stress management, treatment options, lifestyle changes, contra-actions.

Possible contra-actions:Erythema, aching/tenderness (pressure, technique adaptation), headache (drink water, rest, fresh air), dizziness (rest, deep breathing), nausea (rest, deep breathing), flu like symptoms (rest), changed sleep patterns, fatigue (rest, fresh air), thirst (drink water), heightened emotions (rest, relaxation, referral), increased urination (toxin release, drink water). Action – treatment adaptation, discussion/advice, first aid responses.

Examples of legislation and regulations relating to massage: UK only – London Local Authorities Act requires practitioners of massage to hold a ‘Special Treatments’ the Medicines Act and the Consumer Protection Act may also be relevant to therapists providing massage services.

UK and Europe – the EU Cosmetics Directive may also be applicable, depending on the massage mediums used. General – this list is not exhaustive and learners and therapists are advised to seek advice from a professional association (such as FHT) with regard to regulatory requirements relating to massage.

Possible benefits of massage: Physiological – improved circulation and lymph drainage, improved skin tone/elasticity, improved muscle tone, reduced muscle fatigue, balance nervous system, improved sleep, aids digestion, boosts immunity.

Psychological – relaxation, stress relief, improved sense of wellbeing, increased energy.

Massage movements: Effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, vibrations, frictions.

Examples of skin diseases and disorders: Congenital – eczema, psoriasis.

Bacterial – acne vulgaris, acne rosacea, folliculitis, boils (furuncles), impetigo.

Learning outcome 2: Be able to provide a body massage treatment

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Canlyniad dysgu 2: Gallu cynnal triniaeth tylino’r corff (parhad)

Firol – dafadenau, ferwca, herpes simplex (HSV), yr eryr (herpes zoster).

Ffwngaidd – tarwden (y traed, corporis, unguium).

Heigiadau – clefyd crafu, llau (pen, pwbig).

Pigmentiad – fitiligo, albinedd, cloasma, brychni haul, lentigo, papilloma, mannau geni, staen gwin port.

Eraill – dafaden wyllt, carsinoma cell gennog, melanomas canseraidd.

Croen:Epidermis – haen waelodol (stratum germinativum), haen cell bigynol (stratum spinosum), haen ronynnog (stratum granulosum), haen glir (stratum lucidum), haen gornaidd (stratum corneum).

Dermis – cyflenwad gwaed a lymff, ffibroblastau (colagen, elastin), gwallt, chwarennau sebacaidd, cyhyryn arrector pili, papilla mewnblaniadau, chwarennau chwys (ecrin ac apocrîn), terfyniadau nerfol synhwyraidd.

Hypodermis – haen isgroenol, meinwe bloneg, adipocytau.

Swyddogaethau’r croen – amddiffyn, rheoli gwres, amsugno, secretiad, dileu, synhwyro, ffurfio fitamin D, cynhyrchu melanin, proses o geratineiddio.

Esgyrn (strwythur y system ysgerbydol):Mathau o feinwe asgwrn – cywasgedig, mân-dyllog. Celloedd asgwrn – osteocytau, osteoblastau, osteoclastau.

Mathau o asgwrn – hir (epiphysis, deisis, mêr yr esgyrn coch, meinwe gywasgedig a rhwyllog, periostëwm), byr, gwastad, afreolaidd, sesamoid.

Cymalau – sefydlog, lled-symudol, cwbl symudol (pelen a chrau, colfach, cylchdroi, llithro, cambylaidd/cyfrwy).

Esgyrn (sgerbwd atodol):Gwregys yr ysgwydd – pont yr ysgwydd, sgapwla.

Aelodau uchaf – hwmerws, radiws, wlna, carpalau (sgaffoid, cilgantol, tricwetral, pysennaidd, trapesiwm, trapesoid, capitate, hamate), metacarpalau, ffalangau.

Gwregys pelfig – iliwm, ischiwm, pwbis (esgyrn anenwol).

Aelodau isaf – asgwrn y forddwyd, padell y pen-glin, tibia, ffibwla, tarsolau (talws, asgwrn y sawdl, asgwrn cychog, esgyrn cynffurf canolig, canolog ac ochrol, ciwboid), metatarsalau, ffalangau.

Esgyrn (sgerbwd echelinol):Penglog – talcennol, gwegil, parwydol, sffenoid, ethmoid, arleisiol, trwynol, zygomatic, macsila, mandibl, lacrymaidd, concoid, taflodol, fomer, hyoid.

Thorasig – asennau, sternwm.

Asgwrn cefn – gyddfol, thorasig, meingefnol, sacrum, cynffon, disg rhyngasennol.

Swyddogaeth y sgerbwd:Cynhaliaeth, cymalau, symudiad, amddiffyn, cysylltu, ffynhonnell mwynau, ffurfio celloedd y gwaed.

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Viral – warts, verruca, herpes simplex (HSV), herpes zoster.

Fungal – tinea (pedis, corporis, ungium).

Infestations – scabies, pediculosis, (capitas, pubis).

Pigmentation – vitiligo, albinism, chloasma, ephelides, lentigo, papilloma, naevae, port wine stains.

Others – basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanomas.

Skin:Epidermis – basal cell layer (stratum germinativum), prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum), granular layer (stratum granulosum), clear layer (stratum lucidum), horny layer (stratum corneum).

Dermis – blood and lymph supply, fibroblasts (collagen, elastin), hair, sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscle, dermal papilla, sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine), sensory nerve endings.

Hypodermis – subcutaneous layer, adipose tissue, adipocytes.

Functions of the skin – protection, heat regulation, absorption, secretion, elimination, sensation, formation of vitamin D, melanin production, process of keratinisation.

Bones (skeletal system structure):Bone tissue types – compact, cancellous.

Bone cells – osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts.

Bone types – long (epiphysis, diaphysis, red bone marrow, compact and cancellous tissue, periosteum), short, flat, irregular, sesamoid.

Joints – fixed, slightly moveable, freely moveable (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, condyloid/saddle). Bones (appendicular skeleton): Shoulder girdle – clavicle, scapula.

Upper limb – humerous, radius, ulna, carpals (scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate), metacarpals, phalanges.

Pelvic girdle – ilium, ischium, pubis (innominate bones).

Lower limb – femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals (talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial, intermediate and lateral cuniform, cuboid), metatarsals, phalanges.

Bones (axial skeleton): Skull – frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, lacrimal, turbinator, palatine, vomer, hyoid.

Thoracic – ribs, sternum.

Vertebral column – cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx, intervertebral disc.

Skeletal functions: Support, joints, movement, protection, attachment, mineral source, blood cell formation.

Learning outcome 2: Be able to provide a body massage treatment (continued)

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Enghreifftiau o anhwylderau ysgerbydol: Crymedd annormal yn y cefn – cyffosis, sgoliosis, lordosis, spondylitis gyddfol.

Torasgwrn – syml, agored, chwilfriw, ysigiad, cywasgedig, cymhleth.

Enghreifftiau o glefydau sgerbydol: Gowt, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, clefyd Paget, arthritis rhiwmatoid, y llech, sgleroderma, synofitis.

Strwythur y system gyhyrol: Mathau – rheoledig, anrheoledig, cardiaidd.

Cyhyrau’r pen, yr wyneb a’r gwddf:Bochinadur (buccinator), corrugator, depressor labii anguli, frontalis, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris, levator levator scapula, masseter, mentalis, nasalis, occipitalis, orbicularis oculi, orsicularis oris, platysma, procerus, pterygoidau, risorius, sterno-cleido mastoid, temporalis, zygomaticus.

Cyhyrau blaen y corff:Iliopsoas (iliacus a psoas), cyhyrau rhyngasennol mewnol ac allanol, cyhyrau lletraws mewnol ac allanol, cyhyrau’r frest (pectoralis) mwyaf/lleiaf, cyhyr syth y forddwyd (rectus abdominus), serratus anterior, transversalis abdominus.

Cyhyrau ôl y corff: Deltoid, erector spinae, cyhyrau’r ffolen (mwyaf, canolig, lleiaf), infraspinatus, cyhyrau llydan y cefn (latissimus dorsi), quadratus lumborum, rhomboidau, splenius capitis, subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres mwyaf, teres lleiaf, trapesiws.

Cyhyrau’r aelodau uchaf: Cyhyrau deuben, brachialis, brachioradialis, coracobrachialis, deltoid, extensor carpi digorum, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi digitorum, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres, supinator radii brevis, cyhyrau triphen.

Cyhyrau’r aelodau isaf:Atynwyr (longus, magnus, brevis), extensor digitorum longus, fibularis (peroneus) longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, gastrocnemius, cyhyr main (gracilis), llinynnau’r garrau (cyhyrau deuben femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus), piriformis, cwadriceps (cyhyr syth y forddwyd (rectus femoris), vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius), sartoriws, cyhyr gwadn y droed (solews), tensor fascia latae, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior.

Swyddogaeth y cyhyrau:Cyfangu, llaesu, man cyswllt, cynhyrchu gwres, symudiad (plygu, estyn, alldynnu, atynnu, swpinadiad, pronadiad, cylchdroi, cylchddwytho, gwrthdroad, echdroad, planariad, cylchdroad, gwadnblygiad, cefnblygiad) ymddaliad, ffyrfder.

Enghreifftiau o afiechydon ac anhwylderau cyhyrol:Adlyniadau, gwendid, atroffi, bwrsitis, cramp, blinder, fibromylagia, fibrositis, ysgwydd wedi cloi, lymbego, dystroffi’r cyhyrau, myositis, anaf straen ailadroddus, toriad, sblintiau crimog, sbasm, ysigiad, straen, tendonitis, tetanws, torticollitis, chwiplach.

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Examples of skeletal disorders: Abnormal spinal curvatures – kyphosis, scoliosis, lordosis, cervical spondylitis.

Fractures – simple, compound, comminuted, greenstick, impacted, complicated.

Examples of skeletal diseases: Gout, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, rickets, scleroderma, synovitis. Muscular system structure: Types – voluntary, involuntary, cardiac.

Muscles of the head, face and neck: Buccinator, corrugator, depressor labii anguli, depressor labii inferioris, frontalis, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris, levator palpebrae, levator scapula, masseter, mentalis, nasalis, occipitalis, orbicularis oculi, orsicularis oris, platysma, procerus, pterygoids, risorius, sterno-cleido mastoid, temporalis, zygomaticus.

Muscles of the anterior trunk:Iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas), internal and external intercostals, internal and external obliques, pectoralis major/minor, rectus abdominus, serratus anterior, transversalis abdominus.

Muscles of the posterior trunk:Deltoid, erector spinae, gluteal group (maximus, medius, minimus), infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum, rhomboids, splenius capitis, subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, trapezius.

Muscles of the upper limb: Biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis, coracobrachialis, deltoid, extensor carpi digitorum, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi digitorum, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpiulnaris, pronator teres, supinator radii brevis, triceps.

Muscles of the lower limb: Adductors (longus, magnus, brevis), extensor digitorum longus, fibularis (peroneus) longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, gastrocnemius, gracilis, hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus), piriformis, quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius), sartorius, soleus, tensor fascia latae, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior.

Muscle functions: Contraction, relaxation, attachment, heat production, movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, supination, pronation, rotation, circumduction, inversion, eversion, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion), posture, tone.

Examples of muscular diseases and disorders: Adhesions, atony, atrophy, bursitis, cramp, fatique, fibromylagia, fibrositis, frozen shoulder, lumbago, muscular dystrophy, myositis, RSI, rupture, shin splints, spasm, sprain, strain, tendonitis, tetanus, torticollitis, whiplash.


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Strwythur y system gardiofasgwlaidd: Y galon – wal (endocardiwm, myocardiwm, pericardiwm), aorta, atria, falf ddwylen (meitrol), chordae tendineae, fena cafa isaf ac uchaf, cyhyrau papilaidd, rhydweli ysgyfeiniol, gwythïen ysgyfeiniol, falfiau cilgant (aortig ac ysgyfeiniol), septwm, falf deirlen, fentriglau.

Pibellau gwaed – rhydwelïau, rhydweliynnau, gwythiennau, gwythienigau, capilarïau.

Cylchrediad – ysgyfeiniol, cylchrediad portal, cylchrediad coronaidd, cylchrediad systemig.

Prif rydweli’r pen a’r gwddf – carotid, wynebol, gwegiliol (occipital), talcennol.

Prif wythiennau’r pen a’r gwddf – gwythien y gwddf (jugular), gwegiliol, talcennol, macsilaidd, wynebol. Prif rydweli’r corff – aorta, aorta ddisgynnol, isglafaidd, carotid, ysgyfeiniol, hepatig, duegol, arennol, mesenterig, iliag, fertebrol, ceseiliol, breichiol, wlnar, rheiddiol, bwa palfaidd, morddwydol, cameddol, crimogol blaen, bwa gwadnol. Prif wythiennau’r corff – fena cafa (isaf ac uchaf), ysgyfeiniol, hepatig, duegol, arennol, iliag, ceseiliol, breichiol, basilig, seffalig, isglafaidd, saffenaidd (hir a byr), bwa gwythiennol, ffemoraidd, cameddol, crimogol blaen, crimogol ôl.

Gwaed – plasma, lewcocytau (granwlocytau ac agranwlosytau), corffilod coch y gwaed, thrombocytau.

Swyddogaethau cardiofasgwlaidd: Cludo, amddiffyn, ceulo, rheoli a homeostasis.

Enghreifftiau o afiechydon ac anhwylderau cardiofasgwlaidd:Anaemia, anewrysm, angina, curiad calon afreolaidd (arrhythmias), arteriosglerosis, atherosglerosis, clefyd cynhenid y galon, thrombosis gwythiennau dwfn, madredd (gangrene), hemoffilia, hematoma, HIV/AIDS, colesterol uchel, hepatitis, pwysedd gwaed uchel, pwysedd gwaed isel, lewcemia, cnawdnychiad myocardiaidd, cruchguriadau, fflebitis, emboledd ysgyfeiniol, syndrom Raynaud, septisemia, anemia cryman-gell, strôc, thrombosis, gwythiennau faricos.

Strwythur y system llymffatig: Lymff, capilarïau lymff, pibellau lymff, nodau lymff, dwythellau lymff (thorasig a’r ddwythell lymffatig dde), gwythiennau isglafaidd, nodau (ceseiliol, gyddfol – arwynebol a dwfn, arffedol (inguinal), coluddol, gwegiliol (occipital), cameddol (popliteal), ôl-awriciwlaidd, parotid, supratrocleaidd), pendics, Peyers patches, y ddueg, tonsiliau, thymws.

Swyddogaethau lymffatig:Cylchrediad ategol (cynhyrchu lymff), imiwnedd, dychwelyd proteinau plasma coll i’r gwaed, cludo lipidau deietegol.

Enghreifftiau o afiechydon ac anhwylderau lymffatig:Oedema, clefyd Hodgkin, lymffoma nad yw’n lymffoma Hogkin, lupus, seliwleit, twymyn y chwarrenau, lymffadenitis.

Strwythur y system nerfol:System nerfol ganolog (CNS) – ymennydd, madruddyn y cefn, gwynnin, breithell, meninges (pia mater, breithell aracanoid, gwagle isaracanoid, breithell dew (dura mater)), hylif yr ymennydd, pilen rwystro, cerebrwm, cerebelwm, thalamws, hypothalamws, chwarren bitwidol, chwarren bineol.

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Cardiovascular system structure: Heart – wall (endocardium, myocardium, pericardium), aorta, atria, bicuspid (mitral) valve, chordae tendineae, inferior and superior vena cava, papillary muscles, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary), septum, tricuspid valve, ventricles.

Blood vessels – arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries.

Circuits – pulmonary circulation, portal circulation, coronary circulation, systemic circulation. Major arteries of the head and neck – carotid, facial, occipital, temporal. Major veins of the head and neck – jugular, occipital, temporal, maxillary, facial. Major arteries of the body – aorta, descending aorta, subclavian, carotid, pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, mesenteric, iliac, vertebral, axillary, brachial, ulnar, radial, palmar arch, femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, plantar arch. Major veins of the body – vena cava (inferior and superior), pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, renal, iliac, axillary, brachial, basilica, cephalic, subclavian, saphenous (long and short), venous arch, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, anterior tibial.

Blood – plasma, leucocytes (granulocytes and agranulocytes), erythrocytes, thrombocytes.

Cardiovascular functions: Transport, defence, clotting, regulation and homeostasis.

Examples of cardiovascular disorders and diseases: Anaemia, aneurysm, angina, arrhythmias, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, congenital heart disease, deep vein thrombosis, gangrene, haemophilia, hematoma, HIV/AIDS, high cholesterol, hepatitis, hypertension, hypotension, leukemia, myocardial infarction, palpitations, phlebitis, pulmonary embolism, raynauds syndrome, septicaemia, sickle cell anaemia, stroke, thrombosis, varicose veins.

Lymphatic system structure: Lymph, lymph capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts (thoracic and right lymphatic duct), subclavian veins, nodes (axillary, cervical – superficial and deep, inguinal, intestinal, occipital, popliteal, post-auricular, parotid, supratrochlear), appendix, peyers patches, spleen, tonsils, thymus.

Lymphatic functions: Subsidiary circulation (lymph formation), immunity, return of lost plasma proteins to the blood, transport dietary lipids.

Examples of lymphatic disorders and diseases: Oedema, Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, lupus, cellulite, glandular fever, lymphadenitis.

Nervous system structure: Central Nervous System (CNS) – brain, spinal cord, white matter, grey matter, meninges (pia mater, arachanoid mater, subarachanoid space, dura mater), cerebrospinal fluid, blood brain barrier, cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal.


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Coesyn yr ymennydd – ymennydd canol, pons varoli, medulla oblongata.

System Nerfol Berifferol (PNS) – nerfau’r asgwrn cefn (31 pâr), plecsws nerfau’r asgwrn cefn (gyddfol, breichiol, meingefnol, sacrol, yr asgwrn cynffon), nerfau creuanol (12 pâr).

System Nerfol Awtonomig (ANS) – Rhannau sympathetig a pharasympathetig.

Celloedd – niwroglia (celloedd Schwann, oligodendrocytau, astrocytau, microglia), niwronau (synhwyraidd, echddygol, rhyngniwron, dendrit, cell gorff, acson, terfynau acsonau, niwrodrosglwyddyddion, pilen fyelin, nodau Ranvier, neurolemma). Llwybr atgyrch, synaps, pwynt echddygol. Swyddogaethau nerfol – synhwyro ysgogiadau mewnol/allanol, dadansoddi ac ymateb i ysgogiadau, cynnal homeostasis, rhaglennu, ymddygiad greddfol, cymathiad, cof, dysgu, deallusrwydd.

Afiechydon ac anhwylderau nerfol: Parlys Bell, syndrom twnnel y carpws, parlys yr ymennydd, iselder, epilepsi, llid yr ymennydd, meigryn, parlys ymledol, niwritis, clefyd Parkinson, seiatica.

Strwythur y system dreulio: Llwybr – llwybr ymborth (mwcosa mewnol, isfwcosa, haen gyhyrol, pilen serws), y geg, chwarennau poer, y dafod, dannedd, ffaryncs, oesoffagws, stumog, coluddyn bach (dwodenwm, jejwnwm, ilewm), coluddyn mawr (caecwm, colon esgynnol, colon ardraws, colon disgynnol, colon crwm, rectwm, anws), iau/afu, coden y bustl, pancreas.

Secretiadau – poer, sudd gastrig, bustl, sudd pancreatig, sudd coluddol, ensymau (amylas poerol, pepsin, trypsin, amylas pancreatig, lipas pancreatig, amylas coluddol, lipas coluddol, peptidasau colyddol, maltas, swcras, lactas), hormonau (gastrin).

Swyddogaethau’r system dreulio: Amlynciad, treulio (carbohydradau, proteinau, brasterau, fitaminau, mineralau, ffibr, dŵr), amsugniad, cymathiad, gwaredu, peristalsis. Enghreifftiau o afiechydon ac anhwylderau’r system dreulio: Anorecsia nerfosa, llid y pendics, bwlimia nerfosa, clefyd Crohn, sirosis, canser colorectal, rhwymedd, dolur rhydd, diferticwlitis, cerrig y bustl, clwy’r marchogion, diffyg traul, hepatitis, hernia, clefyd llidus y coluddyn, syndrom coluddyn llidus, clefyd melyn, wlser.

Strwythur y system wrinol: Arennau (cortecs, craidd, pyramidiau arennol, calycs, neffron, hilws, rhydweli arennol, gwythien arennol), wreterau, y bledren, wrethra. Swyddogaethau wrinol: Hidlo’r gwaed, cynhyrchu wrin, gwaredu gwastraff, rheoli cydbwysedd hylifo. Enghreifftiau o afiechydon ac anhwylderau’r system wrinol: Heintiadau’r llwybr wrinol, cystitis, neffritis, cerrig yn yr arennau (renal canculi), colig arennol.

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Brain stem – midbrain, pons varoli, medulla oblongata. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – spinal nerves (31 pairs), spinal nerve plexus (cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal), cranial nerves (12 pairs). Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) – sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Cells – neuroglia (schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia), neurones (sensory, motor, interneuron, dendrite, cell body, axon, axon end terminals, neurotransmitters, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier, neurolemma). Reflex arc, synapse, motor point. Nervous functions – sense internal/external stimuli, interpret and respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, programming, instinctual behaviour, assimilation, memory, learning, intelligence.

Nervous disorders and diseases: Bells palsy, carpal tunnel syndrome, cerebral palsy, depression, epilepsy, meningitis, migraine, multiple sclerosis, neuritis, Parkinson’s disease, sciatica.

Digestive system structure: Tract – alimentary canal (inner mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, serous membrane), mouth, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus), liver, gall bladder, pancreas.

Secretions – saliva, gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice, enzymes (salivary amylase, pepsin, trypsin, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, intestinal amylase, intestinal lipase, intestinal peptidases, maltase, sucrase, lactase), hormones (gastrin).

Digestive functions: Ingestion, digestion (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water), absorption, assimilation, elimination, peristalsis. Examples of digestive disorders and diseases: Anorexia nervosa, appendicitis, bulimia nervosa, Crohn’s disease, cirrhosis, colorectal cancer, constipation, diarrhoea, diverticulitis, gall stones, haemorrhoids, heartburn, hepatitis, hernia, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, jaundice, ulcer.

Urinary system structure: Kidneys (cortex, medulla, renal pyramids, calyx, nephron, hilus, renal artery, renal vein), ureters, bladder, urethra. Urinary functions: Blood filtration, urine formation, waste elimination, fluid balance regulation. Examples of urinary disorders and diseases: Urinary tract infections, cystitis, nephritis, kidney stones (renal canculi), renal colic.


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Strwythur y system arennol: Chwarennau a hormonau – hypothalamws, pitwidol (ocsitosin, fasopresin, hormon tyfiant dynol, hormon adrenocorticotroffig, hormon lwteineiddio, hormon ysgogi’r ffoliglau, prolactin, hormon ysgogi melanin), chwarren bineol (melatonin/serotonin), thyroid (tri-idothyronin, thyrocsin, calsitonin), parathyroidau (parathormon), thymws (thymosin), pancreas – ynysoedd Langerhans (inswlin, glwcagon), cortecs y chwarren adrenal (glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoidau, androgenau), medwla’r chwarren adrenal (adrenalin, noradrenalin), ofarïau (oestrogen, progesteron), ceilliau (testosteron.

Swyddogaethau endocrinaidd: Secretiad hormonau, cyfathrebu, cynnal homeostasis.

Enghreifftiau o afiechydon ac anhwylderau endocrinaidd: Acromegali, clefyd Addison, amenorea, cretiniaeth, syndrom Cushing, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, corachedd, cawraeth, goitr, clefyd Grave, gynaeomastia, gorflewogrwydd, myxodema, syndrom ofarïau polygodennog, anhwylderau affeithiol tymhorol (SAD), tyfiant corachaidd, gwrywiaeth.

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Endocrine system structure: Glands and hormones – hypothalamus, pituitary (oxytocin, vasopressin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, melanin stimulating hormone), pineal (melatonin/serotonin), thyroid (tri-idothyronine, thyroxine, calcitonin), parathyroids (parathormone), thymus (thymosin), pancreas – islets of langerhans (insulin, glucagon), adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, androgens), adrenal medulla (adrenalin, noradrenalin), ovaries (oestrogen, progesterone), testes (testosterone).

Endocrine functions: Hormone secretion, communication, maintaining homeostasis.

Examples of endocrine disorders and diseases: Acromegaly, addisons, amenorrhoea, cretinism, cushings syndrome, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, dwarfism, gigantism, goitre, graves, gynaeomastia, hirsutism, myxodema, polycystic ovarian syndrome, seasonal affective disorders (SAD), stunted growth, virilism.


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VTCT Tystysgrif Lefel 3 mewn Tylino

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