USING AR AND VR TO CREATE EMPATHIC EXPERIENCES Mark Billinghurst mark.billinghurst@unisa.edu.au

October 19th 2016

VSMM 2016

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Hiroshi Ishii – AWE 2014

1977 – Star Wars

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality

• Defining Characteristics • Combines Real and Virtual Images

• Both can be seen at the same time • Interactive in real-time

• The virtual content can be interacted with • Registered in 3D

• Virtual objects appear fixed in space

ARToolKit (1999)

First open source AR SDK http://artoolkit.sourceforge.net/

Shared Space (1999)

• Face to Face interaction, Tangible AR metaphor • Easy collaboration with strangers • Users acted same as if handling real objects

MagicBook (2001)

• First AR story book • Transitional AR to VR interface

AR Tennis (2005)

• First collaborative AR game on mobile phone

Mobile AR Advertising (2007)

• First mobile AR ad campaign (Saatchi & Saatchi)

GeoBoids (2012)

• Outdoor AR game • Capture creatures

• Use whistling to attract creatures • Google Glass/Handheld AR

GeoBoids Demo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3MKR3xVRM0

Pokemon GO..

Pokemon GO Effect

•  Fastest App to reach $500 million in Revenue •  Only 63 days after launch, > $1 Billion in 6 months •  Over 500 million downloads, > 25 million DAU •  Nintendo stock price up by 50% (gain of $9 Billion USD)

AR Business Today

• Around $600 Million USD in 2014 (>$2B 2015) • 70-80+% Games and Marketing

“Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life or do you want to come with me and change the world?"

Steve Jobs to John Sculley 1983

Mark’s Midlife Crisis

• Get Married • Sabbatical at Google • Looking for new opportunities • Resigned my job • Moved to a new country • Now creating a new research group

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From Hiroshi Ishii

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Interaction Technology Natural

Time

Punch Card

Keyboard

Mouse

Speech

Gesture

Emotion

1950 1960 1980 1990 2000 2010

Thought

Physiological Sensing

Emotiv Empatica

Interaction Technology Natural

Time

Punch Card

Keyboard

Mouse

Speech

Gesture

Emotion

1950 1960 1980 1990 2000 2010

Thought

Implicit

Explicit

Content Capture Realism

Time

Photo

Film

Live Video

Panorama

360 Video

3D Space

1850 1900 1940 1990 2000 2010

Live Streaming/3D Space Capture

Google Project Tango Samsung Project Beyond

Content Capture Realism

Time

Photo

Film

Live Video

Panorama

360 Video

3D Space

1850 1900 1940 1990 2000 2010

2D Static

Immersive

Live

Experience

Networking Log (b/s)

Time

100 b/s

10 Kb/s

1 Mb/s

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2010

100 Mb/s

2005

Network Innovation

Universal Connectivity

Networking Log (b/s)

Time

100 b/s

10 Kb/s

1 Mb/s

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2010

100 Mb/s

2005

Text

Audio

Natural

Video

Holoportation

• Augmented Reality + 3D capture + high bandwidth •  http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/holoportation/

Holoportation Demo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7d59O6cfaM0

Natural Collaboration

Implicit Understanding

Experience Capture

Natural Collaboration

Implicit Understanding

Experience Capture

Empathic Computing

EMPATHIC COMPUTING Systems that Create and Share Understanding

Empathy

“Seeing with the Eyes of another,

Listening with the Ears of another,

and Feeling with the Heart of another..”

Alfred Adler

Empathic Computing

1. Understanding: Systems that can understand your feelings and emotions

2. Experiencing: Systems that help you better experience the world of others

3. Sharing: Systems that help you better share the experience of others

Sensors

VR

AR

1. Understanding: Affective Computing

• Ros Picard – MIT Media Lab • Systems that recognize emotion

Appliances That Make You Happy

• Jun Rekimoto – University of Tokyo/Sony CSL • Smile detection + smart appliances

Happiness Counter Demo

https://vimeo.com/29169237

2. Experiencing: Virtual Reality

"Virtual reality offers a whole different medium to tell stories that really connect people and create an empathic connection."

Nonny de la Peña http://www.emblematicgroup.com/

Using VR for Empathy

• USC Project Syria (2014) • Experience of Terrorism • Project Homeless (2015)

• Experience of Homelessness

Demo: Project Syria

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uuszow5giaQ

CHILDHOOD

• Kenji Suzuki, University of Tsukuba • What does it feel like to be a child? • VR display + moved cameras + hand restrictors

CHILDHOOD Demo

https://vimeo.com/128641932

3. Sharing

Can we develop systems that allow us to share what we are seeing, hearing and feeling with others?

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Movies are like a machine that generates Empathy

Roger Ebert

Technical Requirements

• Basic Requirements • Make the technology transparent

• Wearable, unobtrusive

• Technology for transmitting • Sights, Sounds, Feelings of another

• Audio, video, physiological sensors

Wearable AR for Empathic Interfaces

• Wearable AR can: • Be unobtrusive • Capture emotion • Share sights and sounds • Provide two way communication • Enhance interaction in the real world

Changing Perspective

• CamNet (1992) • British Telecom

• Wearable Teleconferencing • audio, video

• Remote collaboration • Sends task space video

• Similar CMU study (1996) • cut performance time in half

WACL: Remote Expert Collaboration

• Wearable Camera/Laser Pointer • Independent pointer control • Remote panorama view

WACL: Remote Expert Collaboration

• Remote Expert View • Panorama viewing, annotation, image capture

Kurata, T., Sakata, N., Kourogi, M., Kuzuoka, H., & Billinghurst, M. (2004, October). Remote collaboration using a shoulder-worn active camera/laser. In Wearable Computers, 2004. ISWC 2004. Eighth International Symposium on (Vol. 1, pp. 62-69).

Example: Google Glass

• Camera + Processing + Display + Connectivity • Ego-Vision Collaboration (But with Fixed View)

Social Panoramas (ISMAR 2014)

• Capture and share social spaces in real time • Supports independent views into Panorama

Implementation

• Google Glass • Capture live image panorama (compass + camera)

• Remote device (tablet) •  Immersive viewing, live annotation

Interface

Glass View

Tablet View

Social Panorama

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdC0-UV3hmY

Lessons Learned

• Good • Communication easy and natural • Users enjoy have view independence • Very natural capturing panorama on Glass • Sharing panorama enhances the shared experience

• Bad • Difficult to support equal input • Need to provide awareness cues

JackIn – Live Immersive Video Streaming

• Jun Rekimoto – University of Tokyo/Sony CSL

JackIn Hardware

• Wide angle cameras – 360 degree video capture •  Live video stitching

JackIn Demo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxFuQcYL4D8

JospehTame – Tokyo Marathon

• Live streaming from Tokyo marathon • http://josephta.me/en/tokyo-marathon/

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Capturing Space: Real World Capture

• Hands free AR • Portable scene capture (color + depth) ! Projector/Kinect combo, Remote controlled pan/tilt

• Remote expert annotation interface

Remote Expert View

Example: CoSense (CHI 2015)

• Real time sharing - Emotion, video, and audio • Wearable (sender) – Send emotion and view • Desktop (receiver) - See remote view and emotion

Google Glass e-Health 2.0 board

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Implementation

Data Capture

Feature Detection

Emotion Recognition

Emotion Representation

Empathic User Interface

Hardware

User Interface

Wearable Interface

• Google Glass + e-Health + Spydroid + SSI • Measure GSR, pulse oxygen, ECG, voice pitch • Share video and audio remotely • Representative emotions sent back to Glass user

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Desktop Interface

Lessons Learned

• Good • System was wearable • Sender and receiver mirrored emotion • Minimal cues provided best experience

• Bad • System delays • Need for good stimulus • Difficult to represent emotion

Gaze and Video Conferencing • Gaze tracking

•  Implicit communication cue • Shows intent

• Task space collaboration • HMD + camera + gaze tracker

• Expected Results • Gaze cues reduce need for communication • Allow remote collaborator to respond faster

Equipment

• Custom eye-tracker • Head mounted camera • Head mounted display

Experiment Set Up •  Lego assembly •  Two assembly areas • Remote expert

Experiment Design

• 4 conditions varying eye-tracking/pointer support • 13 pairs subjects • Measures

• Performance time •  Likert scale results, Ranking results, User preference

Task Performance

• Performance Time (seconds)

Ranking

• Median Ranking Values

Key Results •  Both the pointer and eye tracking visual cues helped participants to perform significantly faster

• The pointer cue significantly improved perceived quality of collaboration and co-presence

•  Eye-tracking improved the collaboration quality, and sense of being focused for the local users, and enjoyment for the remote users

• The Both condition was ranked as the best in user experience, while the None condition was worst.

Empathy Glasses (CHI 2016)

• Combine together eye-tracking, display, face expression •  Impicit cues – eye gaze, face expression

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Pupil Labs Epson BT-200 AffectiveWear

Masai, K., Sugimoto, M., Kunze, K., & Billinghurst, M. (2016, May). Empathy Glasses. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM.

AffectiveWear – Emotion Glasses

• Photo sensors to recognize expression • User calibration • Machine learning • Recognizing 8 face expressions

Integrated System • Local User

• Video camera • Eye-tracking • Face expression

• Remote Helper • Remote pointing

System Diagram

•  Two monitors on Remote User side •  Scene + Emotion Display

Empathy Glasses Demo

Ranking Results

"I ranked the (A) condition best, because I could easily point to communicate, and when I needed it I could check the facial expression to make sure I was being understood.”

Q2: Communication Q3: Understanding partner

HMD – Local User Computer – Remote User

Lessons Learned • Pointing really helps in remote collaboration

• Makes remote user feel more connected

• Gaze looks promising • Shows context of what person talking about • Establish shared understanding/awareness

• Face expression • Used as an implicit cue to show comprehension

• Limitations •  Limited implicit cues •  Task was a poor emotional trigger • AffectiveWear needs improvement

Empathic VR Environments

• Player and Viewer •  Viewer slaved to player

• Share emotional signals •  Heart rate, GSR

• Remote affect measuring

Emotion Classification

• Classify emotions from physiological data •  8 emotional states

• Collaboration with Sensaura •  http://www.sensauratech.com

Heart Rate for Different VR Apps. •  Games: theBlu, BrookHaven, Night Café

quiet scene – scary scene – peaceful scene •  Devices: HTV VIVE, Empatica E4

Heart Rate The Blu BrookHaven Night Café

Mean 84.89 BPM 98.23 BPM 73.01 BPM

Sharing VR Experiences

• Player controls viewer position (not view) • Measure and share physiological cues

Viewer

Player

Demo Video

AR and VR for Empathic Computing • VR systems are ideal for trying experiences:

• Strong story telling medium • Provide total immersion/3D experience • Easy to change virtual body scale and representation

• AR systems are idea for live sharing: • Allow overlay on real world view/can share viewpoints • Support remote annotation/communication • Enhance real world task

Looking to the Future

What’s Next?

Scaling Up

• Seeing actions of millions of users in the world • Augmentation on city/country level

AR + Smart Sensors + Social Networks

• Track population at city scale (mobile networks) • Match population data to external sensor data • Mine data for applications

Example: MIT SENSEable City Lab

http://senseable.mit.edu/wikicity/rome/

Example: CSIRO WeFeel Tool

• Emotionally mining global Twitter feeds

• http://wefeel.csiro.au

European Cup – July 10th

GOAL!

Research Challenges

• How to capture emotion?

• How to measure empathy?

• Interface/interaction models?

• How to communicate emotion?

• How to create strong empathic bonds?

• How to scaling up to city/country scale?

Potential Applications • Education • Sports training • Rich life logging • Remote meeting support • Psychological treatments • Virtual Travel/Entertainment • Surrogate Adventure Tourism • First responders (stress, team cohesion)

CONCLUSION

Harvard Grant Study • $20 million, 75 years study

• 268 Harvard graduates • 456 disadvantaged people • Led by George Valliant

• What makes us happy? • warmth of relationships throughout life have the greatest positive impact on "life satisfaction".

“The seventy-five years and twenty million dollars expended on the Grant Study points to a straightforward five-word conclusion: Happiness is love. Full stop.” George Valliant

Conclusions

• Empathic Computing • Sharing what you see, hear and feel

• AR/VR Enables Empathic Experiences • Removing technology • Changing perspective • Sharing space/experience

• Many directions for future research

www.empathiccomputing.org

@marknb00

mark.billinghurst@unisa.edu.au