VRB Didehloqwasgi 2012

Cherokee Education Degree Program

Verb Reference Book : Didehloqwasgi 2012

ᏣᎳᎩ

Cherokee

Northeastern State University

ᏣᎳᎩ-ᎠᏰᎵ

Wyman Kirk

Version:

02/01/2012

ii

Verb Reference Book Guide

Understanding the Verb Reference Book (VRB)

The verbs listed in the VRB consist of a basic set and range of verb forms in Cherokee. Most of the verbs are

follow this pattern, many of which are listed in the VRB as well. There are some verbs in Cherokee that are

In addition, Cherokee has a ran

in these categories are listed in their own section

in the body of the VRB, but are found in the index as a regular entry.

Finally,

in which the physical nature of the object being handled requires using the proper verb for that type of object.

Cherokee has FIVE categories related to this concept: (1) Living, (2) Liquid, (3) Flexible, (4) Long and

cover objects that do not fit in the other categories

classificatory verbs are listed in the index as regular entries, they are easily identified because the verb listing

includes all five categories for that verb. As well, these verbs are separated from the regular entries and are

There is one other set of forms separated from the regular verb entries Those dealing

base form that is the word for the is a verb

that has no noun because

clothing are thus listed in a group under the type of clothing with the various actions related to it provided in

Regardless of the type of verb, the arrangement for the verbs in the VRB is the same. Each verb is identified

in its Cherokee phonetic form first followed by its English translation. Under this identification is a box that

lists various forms for the verb in a specific set of pronouns and tenses. Tense forms are specifically indicated

and are the top-most entries in each verb box while the pronoun forms are not indicated in English. For

information on what the pronoun forms used in the VRB cover, read the section following this one.

Finding a specific verb simple calls for locating it in the index which is at the front of the VRB. The index

lists the verb concept in English first and then the verb in Cherokee and then the page number where the

those

the idea as:

write 12

iii

VRB Entries

box, that means that the verb does not exist in that particular form. Looking at a typical entry for a regular verb, it looks like this:

Verb : Gawoniha Speaking Set A

Present Habitual Comp. Past Immediate Infinitive

jiwoniha jiwonisgo’i agiwonisv’i jiwonihi agiwonihisdi

hiwoniha hiwonisgo’i jawonisv’i hiwonihi jawonihisdi

gawoniha gawonisgo’i uwonisv’i gawonihi uwonihisdi

aniwoniha aniwonisgo’i uniwonisv’i aniwonihi uniwonihisdi

idiwoniha idiwonisgo’i igiwonisv’i idiwonihi igiwonihisdi

Title

Pronoun Set to which the verb belongs (Set A; Set B; Person).

Rows provide the verb in a specific range of pronouns.

Columns provide the verb in a specific range of tenses.

Pronoun Forms: As stated earlier,

verb

forms in each column are s of the verb in that specific tense, the second

pronoun for that verb, etc. Adding a column for the pronoun forms, you can see the arrangement using the same verb entry with the added pronoun column.

Pronoun Present Habitual Comp. Past Immediate Infinitive

I jiwoniha jiwonisgo’i agiwonisv’i jiwonihi agiwonihisdi

You hiwoniha hiwonisgo’i jawonisv’i hiwonihi jawonihisdi

She gawoniha gawonisgo’i uwonisv’i gawonihi uwonihisdi

They aniwoniha aniwonisgo’i uniwonisv’i aniwonihi uniwonihisdi

We All idiwoniha idiwonisgo’i igiwonisv’i idiwonihi igiwonihisdi

There are more pronoun forms than what is shown on the verb entries. Most have at least an

additional five pronominals that have not been given. To use these additional pronouns simply

requires putting the other pronoun into the verb. A guide is provided at the end of this section that

you can use to create these forms on a given verb.

Verb Tenses: The verb tenses listed are not the entire range of tense forms, but these were specifically listed because they can be modified to create other tenses (see the next section on how to modify specific entries

to create additional tenses). The tense concept for Present is self-explanatory, but the others require some

on a regular basis, but may not be occurring at

iv

Comp. tive

. Cherokee has two basic

that are distinguished by when the action happenedImmediate Past covers actions that have just occurred or have occurred in the last hour or two. The

Completive Past covers actions before the Immediate Past which could be five hours to five hundred years

ago. In terms of usage, the Completive Past will be one of the most highly used forms in your learning of

Forms in this column can also be used for

. Finally, the last column

form of the verb.

Present Habitual Comp. Past Immediate Infinitive


I am speaking I speak I spoke I just spoke me to speak


You are speaking You speak You spoke You just spoke

Speak! (Command)

you to speak


S/he is speaking S/he speaks S/he spoke S/he just spoke s/he to speak


They are speaking They speak They spoke They just spoke them to speak


We are all speaking We all speak We all spoke We all just spoke us all to speak

Using the VRB

Additional Pronoun Forms: Obviously the VRB omits a wide range of pronouns. It is expected that

additional forms or by utilizing other available resources which list the pronoun sets and their application

(good sources for this include the 1975 Cherokee-English Dictionary by Durbin Feeling which contains a

grammar sketch listing the pronoun forms in the second part of the book, or see the recently completed

doctoral dissertation by Brad Montgomery-

A

Structured Approach to Learning the Basic Inflections of the Cherokee Verb which contains a chapter on

Cherokee pronouns). As a means of providing a wider range of possible forms to use with the verbs in the

e

given here. To know which pattern to use, refer to the forms in the column.

v

Set A: Ten Pronoun Forms

To know which form to use, you need to know if the verb stem begins with a consonant or vowel. If

it starts with a consonant you will use those on the left side of the chart. If vowel, use those on the

forms just drop the /-i-/ vowel when preceding a vowel based verb stem.

owel, note that there are two possibilities. If the verb stem begins with the vowels /a/ or /e/ then no prefix is used. BUT, if the vowel is /o/, /u/, or/v/ then the

consonant /g- as well.

Person Prefix Verb – Consonant Prefix Verb – Vowel Verb – Vowel

I jiji-woniha g- g-ega g-oliga

You hihi-woniha h- h-ega h-ohlga

S/he ga- / a- ga-woniha - / g- -ega g-ohlga

They ani- ani-woniha an- an-ega an-ohlga

We All idi- idi-woniha id- id-ega id-ohlga

I + You ini- ini-woniha in- in-ega in-ohlga

I + S/he osdi- osdi-woniha osd- osd-ega osd-ohlga

I + They oji- oji-woniha oj- oj-ega oj-ohlga

You Two sdi- sdi-woniha sd- sd-ega sd-ohlga

You All iji- iji-woniha ij- ij-ega ij-ohlga

To use the other pronoun forms not given in the regular verb entry, one can simply identify the

pronominal needed and place that prefix on the verb to create the intended meaning. Here are the

five Set A Pronominal Prefixes not given in the regular verb entries.

Person Prefix Prefix Verb – Consonant Prefix Verb – Vowel

I + You ini- / in- ini- ini-woniha in- in-ohlga

You & I are speaking You & I understand

I + S/he osdi- / osd- osdi- osdi-woniha osd- osd-ohlga

S/he & I are speaking S/he & I understand

I + They oji- / oj- oji- oji-woniha oj- oj-ohlga

They & I are speaking They & I understand

You Two sdi- / sd- sdi- sdi-woniha sd- sd-ohlga

You two are speaking You two understand

You All iji- / ij- iji- iji-woniha ij- ij-ohlga

You all are speaking You all understand

To know which form you need to use, examine the verb on which you want to place the prefix. Look

-

has /an-

vi

Set B: Ten Pronoun Forms

As with the Set A pattern, the important distinctin is whether the verb stem begins with a consonant

same difficulty as with Set A. The forms on the left precede a verb with a consonant stem while those on

the right precede a vowel.

-/ is before the vowel /a/, it deletes the vowel and moves directly nexts to

the consonant and is expressed only as /u-/. If ANY other vowel is used, then the prefix is /uw-/.

Person Prefix Verb – Consonant Prefix Verb – Vowel Verb – Vowel

I agi- agi-ha agw- agw-elihi’a agw-anhta

You jaja-ha j- j-elihi’a j-anhta

S/he u- u-ha uw- / u- (a) uw-elihi’a u-nhta

They uni- uni-ha un- un-elihi’a un-anhta

We All igi- igi-ha ig- ig-elihi’a ig-anhta

I + You gini- gini-ha gin- gin-elihi’a gin-anhta

I + S/he ogini- ogini-ha ogin- ogin-elihi’a ogin-anhta

I + They ogi- ogi-ha og- og-elihi’a og-anhta

You Two sdi- sdi-ha sd- sd-elihi’a sd-anhta

You All iji- iji-ha ij- ij-elihi’a ij-anhta

Creating Other Tenses: The one form that has great usefulness for learners are By simply changing the ending sounds the verb can become a Past Tense (Progressive Past) or a Future Tense

(Progressive Future). Past Tense Forms replace the /- -

Future Tense replaces /- -esdi/. There is a way to take the Completive Past Tense form and make it

into the Completive Future Tense, but this requires more than simple replacement and interested persons

aper for details on this idea.

Habitual Tense Entry: Making Progressive Past and Progressive Future

Examine the following chart to see how the three tenses here have the same base with the only difference

being their respective endings.

Person Stem Habitual – o’i Progressive Past – v’i Progressive Future – esdi

I jiwonisg- jiwonisg-o’i jiwonisg-v’i jiwonisg-esdi

As you can see, the way to change the Habitual Tense entry in the VRB simply calls for using the ending

/- and /-esdi/ for Progressive Future.

Habitual Tense: /- /jiwonisg-

Progressive Past Tense: /- /jiwonisg-

Progressive Future Tense: /-esdi/ /jiwonisg-esdi/

vii

Completive Past Entry: Making Future Command and Completive Future

The process for making Future Command and Completive Future Tense forms using the Completive

Past Tense entry is a bit more complicated than with the Progressive forms given immediately before. In this process, there are a few important things you need to know to change the verb.

1. Set A or Set B:

Set A Verbs change their prefix forms to Set B in the Completive Past Tense. Note in chart below

Past Tense).

The Set A /ji- - They stay Set B. 2. Other sounds added on to make Completive Future Tense:

Completive Future Tense forms use the prefix /da-/ before the pronoun on the verb. In addition,

the final suffix /-i/ ends all tense forms of this type.

3. Sound Rules affecting the Set A Pronominals for Completive Future:

Pay attention to how the Set A Pronominals look on the future forms as compared to Present Tense. See how the prefix /da-/ becomes just /t- - -/

before the vowel /o/.

Future Command Tense Process: To make the verb into this tense, you do need do only one thing.

If the verb is Set A in Present Tense, then you need to change the Prefix from Set B to Set A.

Hi-woniha Ja- i Hi- i

Completive Future Tense Process: To make the verb into this tense requires a bit more

manipulation, but it is relatively easy after practicing.

First, if the verb uses Set A pronoun prefixes in present tense, use those for the future tense forms.

After that, place the prefix /da-/ before the pronoun and replace the suffix /- -i/.

Ji-woniha Agi-wonis- Ji-wonis- Da-ji-wonis-i Dajiwonisi

Put Set A Prefix on Add /da-/ and /-i/

Person Present Completive Past Future Command Completive Future

I jiwoniha agiwonisv’i jiwonisv’i dajiwonisi

You hiwoniha jawonisv’i hiwonisv’i tiwonisi

S/he gawoniha uwonisv’i gawonisv’i dagawonisi

They aniwoniha uniwonisv’i aniwonisv’i dvniwonisi

We All idiwoniha igiwonisv’i idiwonisv’i dadiwonisi

I + You iniwoniha giniwonisv’i iniwonisv’i daniwonisi

I + S/he osdiwoniha oginiwonisv’i osdiwonisv’i dayosdiwonisi

I + They ojiwoniha ogiwonisv’i ojiwonisv’i dayojiwonisi

You Two sdiwoniha sdiwonisv’i sdiwonisv’i dasdiwonisi

You All ijiwoniha ijiwonisv’i ijiwonisv’i dajiwonisi

viii

Using a Set B in this process, the process is simplified since the pronoun is not switched. For this

Da-akiwas- Dvkiwas-i Dvkiwasi Prefix /da-/ added Suffix /-i/ replaces /-

*Note /dv-/ at the front. This is a result of a sound rule discussed below.

Sound Rules Affecting Set A Patterns:

/hi- When /da-/ precedes /h-/, they combine to make the sound /t-/.

/da-h-iwonisi/ = /t-iwonisi/

/a-/ Initial Sound When /da-/ precedes /a-/, they combine to make /v/ = /dv-/.

/da- -v- /da-aniwonisi/ = /d-v-niwonisi/

/o-/ Initial Sound When /da-/ precedes /o-/, /da-/ becomes /day-/ = /day-o/.

/da osdiwonisi/ = /day-osdiwonisi/

/e-/ Initial Sound When /da-/ precedes /e/, /da-/ becomes /day-/ = /day-e/.

/da elisi/ = /day-elisi/

/i-/ Initial Sound When /da-/ precedes /i-/, /i-/ disappears, /da-ini-/ = /dani-/.

Sound Rules Affecting Set B Patterns:

/agi-/ or /agw- When /da-/ precedes /a-/, they combine to make /v/ = /dv-/.

/da akiwasi/ = /dv-kiwasi/

/u-/ Initial Sound When /da-/ precedes /u-/, /da-/ becomes /day-/ = /day-u/.

/da uhwasi/ = /day-uhwasi/

/o-/ Initial Sound When /da-/ precedes /o-/, /da-/ becomes /day-/ = /day-o/.

/da ogihwasi/ = /day-ogihwasi/

Prefix Ordering On Plural Verb Forms:

One other change occurs that is important in making these forms is the change in position and

change in sound of the plural marker /de-/. In the Completive Future Tense, /de-/ turns

into /do-/ and it moves in front of the /da-/ Future Prefix marker. /do-da-/.

Deganelohvsga Do-da-ganelon-i

Dagilvhwisdaneha Do-d-v-gilvhwisdanel-i

This process will occur in all cases when the plural marker is used. For example, on the verb e object is plural the verb is marked for that purpose. This marking will use /do-/

at the front.

Do-

ix

but here it is mapped out in all the basic pronominal and tense forms.

Person Present Habitual Progressive Past Progressive Future

I jiwoniha jiwonisgo’i jiwonisgv’i jiwonisgesdi

You hiwoniha hiwonisgo’i hiwonisgv’i hiwonisgesdi

S/he gawoniha gawonisgo’i gawonisgv’i gawonisgesdi

They aniwoniha aniwonisgo’i aniwonisgv’i aniwonisgesdi

We All idiwoniha idiwonisgo’i idiwonisgv’i idiwonisgesdi

I + You iniwoniha iniwonisgo’i iniwonisgv’i iniwonisgesdi

I + S/he osdiwoniha osdiwonisgo’i osdiwonisgv’i osdiwonisgesdi

I + They ojiwoniha ojiwonisgo’i ojiwonisgv’i ojiwonisgesdi

You Two sdiwoniha sdiwonisgo’i sdiwonisgv’i sdiwonisgesdi

You All ijiwoniha ijiwonisgo’i ijiwonisgv’i ijiwonisgesdi

rules that affect both the tone of a word and its consonants or vowels.

Person Comp. Past Comp. Future Immediate Infinitive

I agiwonisv’i dajiwonisi jiwonihi agiwonihisdi

You jawonisv’i tiwonisi hiwonihi jawonihisdi

S/he uwonisv’i dagawonisi gawonihi uwonihisdi

They uniwonisv’i dvniwonisi aniwonihi uniwonihisdi

We All igiwonisv’i dadiwonisi idiwonihi igiwonihisdi

I + You giniwonisv’i daniwonisi iniwonihi giniwonihisdi

I + S/he oginiwonisv’i dayosdiwonisi osdiwonihi oginiwonihisdi

I + They ogiwonisv’i dayojiwonisi ojiwonihi ogiwonihisdi

You Two sdiwonisv’i dasdiwonisi sdiwonihi sdiwonihisdi

You All ijiwonisv’i dajiwonisi ijiwonihi ijiwonihisdi

x

English Cherokee Page

ache, hurt uwehisdaneha 38

accumulate kanehgwo’a 58

act like him ajelvsga 69

adjourn daniyelisga 42

afraid asga’i 23

aim alsosdiha 54

amazed asgwanigosga 68

angry uhnalvha

uhnalvga

25

25

answer kanega

gawohiliyv’a

25

25

appreciate-thank him alihelicheha 63

argue atiyohiha 54

arrive, come ga’luhgi 14

ask atvdvhvsga 24

at, walk around edo’a 9

back up asinega 71

bake gaduhvsga 47

bat it gosdvniha 66

bathe, swim adawo’a 8

beat him at a game ahlosga 51

bed, going to usvhiha 43

begin, start aleniha (person)

adaleniha (it)

7

75

believe, confident,

faith (having) uwohiyuha 24

be born adehvsga 56

birthday, have udetiyiha 46

bite atsde’a 46

bite him, it asgahlga 66

bluff, trick galonasdiha 42

boil (it) alidliha 76

borrow atolsga 39

brag adlvkwsga 68

break ayosdi (person)

ayogi (it)

26

75

break, take a ayohisdiha 72

bring

atihnohiha (living)

ahyohi (neutral)

ganohiha (long)

gahnohiha (flexible)

ganhjohiha (liquid)

87

build ahnesgeha 74

burning (it is) galiga 75

buy uhwasga 4

catch it

catch him

asgwahle’a

ga’niyiha

31

44

change, take turns adanedliyvsdiha 36

change adanedliyv’a

ganedliyv’a

36

65

chase akehega 44

cheat galonuheha 33

choose asuye’a 44

church, have danilawiga 64

clean, brush ganvgaliha 26

climb ga’lega 42

close asduhvsga 9

cloudy (it is) ulogila 78

cold (he is) kanawoga 52

cold, he has a uhyvdla uniyiha 73

cold (it is) uhyvdla 77

color, paint asuhwisga 26

comb hair ahltawo’a 68

xi

commit crime asganvga 63

confident, faith

(having), believe uwohiyuha 24

conjure dadahnese’a 30

consider, ponder adanhtehilo’a 37

converse dahlinoheha 21

cook (meal) adasdayvhvsga 10

cook for him asdayvhvsga 62

cook (a food) gvhnisdiha 34

cool (it is) unesahyvdla 77

cough usihwasga 49

count dasehiha 35

cover guhlvsga 52

crawl adansini 37

cross it deganadiwsga 66

cry adlohyiha 26

cure, doctor kanvwi’a 38

cut, slice agvhaliha 58

dance alsgi’a 45

dark (it is) ulsihga 78

decide degukdiha 44

deny adahyiha 36

destroy ayostanohvsga 5

die (s/he) ayohusga 32

die (it) galihwoga 75

dig asgosga 66

disbelieve udlasitv’eha 48

do nadvneha 2

doctor, cure kanvwi’a 38

draw, take picture dahlilosdiha 27

dream about him/it asgitsga 71

dress up ajanvsga 69

drink aditasga 27

drink/eat/use it up asvhvsga 48

drive ahi’ili 10

eat (meal) alsdayvhvsga 13

eat (food)

agi’a (neutral)

asdigi’a (long)

gahye’a (flexible)

gaditasga (liquid)

91

eat/drink/use it up asvhvsga 48

embarrass adehosga 58

enter ayvhiha 27

escape, run away aliti’a 49

exchange, trade ali’idiha 73

exit ganugoga 23

faith uwohiyuha 24

fall from elevated

position

galosga (living)

gohosga (neutral / long)

gadosga (flexible)

88

fall from standing ganvga 64

feed gehloha 27

feel udanta 12

fight atliha 51

find

ahwahtiha (living)

ahwahtiha (neutral)

ayvhwahtiha (long)

ganawhtiha (flexible)

ganehwahtiha (liquid)

80

find it out adelohosga 17

finish asgwadi’a (him)

alsgwadi’a (it)

7

75

fish asuhvsga 28

fix osda-nigvneha 28

fly ganohilidoha 28

xii

foggy (it is) ukvhada 78

follow asdawadega 58

forget uwakewsga 11

freezing (it is) ganesdaladi’a 78

frosting (it is) ahyahtvhvsga 77

fry gvjahlvsga 59

full, getting gohlvsga 41

gather (thing) gahlisiha 65

gathering (meeting) anadahlisiha 73

get

wahyaniha (living)

wagi’a (neutral)

wayiha (long)

wigane’a (flexible)

wiganegi’a (liquid)

81

get in (thing) aja’vsga 57

get off adloysga 65

get ready, prepare advnvsdi’a 14

get up adidiha 28

get up (sitting) dalehvsga 52

get well udiwsga 38

give

pass

gakaneha (living)

ahneha (neutral)

adeha (long)

ganvneha (flexible)

ganehneha (liquid)

82

give up dadayosga 40

go ega

wakti

2

29

go out, fire/light kdlosga 76

greet ayoliha 32

grin ujetsdi 46

grow atvsga 15

grow it, raise him atvhisdiha 64

hailing (it is) ganesoysga 78

hang (it is) gata 75

hang up

gadv’vsga (living)

gatvsga (neutral)

ktosadi’a (long)

gadv’vsga (flexible)

98

happen (him/her) ulsdahneha 29

happen (it) nigalstanvsga 75

happy, thankful aliheliga 15

have

uwekaha (living)

uha (neutral)

uwaya (long)

una’a (flexible)

uneha (liquid)

83

have with

hold

atihneha (living)

ahyeha (neutral)

ganeha (long)

gahneha (flexible)

ganhjeha (liquid)

84

have a pet ganatla’a 74

have vehicle ahi’leha 67

hear atvgi’a 12

help alsdeliha

asdeliha (him)

15

15

hide adisgahlvsga 56

hire him ganvhlvsga 61

hit him/it gvhniha 31

hitch/hook/plug in gudalvsga 72

handle

carry

gahnidoha (living/flex)

ahidoha (neutral)

ganidoha (long)

ganhjidoha (liquid)

93

hook/hitch/plug in gudalvsga 72

hot (it is) uditlega 77

howl, yell, scream gehluhvsga 61

xiii

howl, yell, scream uwehluga 61

hungry uyosi’a 4

hunt ganohalidoha 16

hunting, no luck ukwolega 45

hurry uwanvga 50

hurt, ache uwehisdaneha 38

ill (chronic) udanila 16

in bed uhniha 59

increase (it is) kanegwoga 76

inside aya’a

uja’a

16

16

is not, was, will be yigi / jigesv’i / gesesdi 75

join group ateladi’a 51

joke, tease gawehliha 32

jump daltadega 6

kick ahyvhte’a 43

kill ahiha 43

kiss atawedo’vsga 54

know uhnta 6

knows how aktaha 12

lack galuloga 33

late (running) ugohniyoga 47

laugh uyetsga 17

lay down ganhga 65

learn adehloqwa’a 5

leave anigi’a 9

leave behind

gakahiya’a (living)

ahiya’a (neutral)

adisiya’a (long)

ga’niya’a (flexible)

ganehiya’a (liquid)

94

let, permit asgohldaneha 70

lie atsgo’vsga 39

lift, raise asaladi’a 47

lightning (it is) anagaliha 78

like ulvwkdi 10

listen (him/it) atvdasdiha 46

listen utvdasdi 5

lives at ganela

eha

17

40

loan atolsdiha 39

look, watch aktosdi 1

look around aktenoha 6

look for, search ahyoha

uhyoha

30

30

lose uyohuse’a 34

lose (game) ajihlosga 74

lose his way ulenahiha 63

love ageyuha 17

make gohlvsga 9

make mistake ulidasdiha 63

marry dagachvsdiha 49

married, get aneladi’a 43

mean uneguja 40

meeting (they are) danadlosga 18

mention kane’isdiha 73

missing (him/it)

missing (it is)

ganvdi’a

galuloga

33

33

move ada’nv’a 37

move (object)

gakahv’a (living)

ahv’a (neutral)

adisiyv’a (long)

ga’nv’a (flexible)

ganehiyv’a (liquid)

96

nightmare, have ahligi’a 67

xiv

open asdu’iha 8

order adanvsga 37

paint, color asuhwisga 26

part in death kdega 57

pass by / pass it galosga 33

pay akwiyiha

agwiyv’eha

18

18

permit, let asgohldaneha 70

pick up

put up

gane’a (living / flexible)

agi’a (neutral)

ayiha (long)

ganegi’a (liquid)

85

pick it/him up gute’a 30

place it (on)

ahlvsga (living)

ahlahvsga (neutral)

ahladi’a (long)

ahlvsga (flexible)

90

plan, schedule dasvsdiha 67

plant ahwisga 57

play danelohvsga

danehldiha

4

18

play-ball alasgaliha 19

play music dekanogisdiha 60

plug in/hitch/hook gudalvsga 72

ponder, consider adanhtehilo’a 37

pour, spill, waste ajewi’a 57

practice alkisohdi 35

pray adadolisdiha 36

preach ahljadohvsga 42

promise atu’isdiha 39

pull gansane’a 29

punished, be usdvdi’a 60

push gasadosga 29

put it on nigvnhdiha 53

put in container

aya’vsga (living)

gahlvsga (neutral)

galadi’a (long)

galv’vsga (flexible)

adli’a (liquid)

95

put fire out, light out kdladi’a 64

prepare, get ready advnvsdi’a 14

quit asuligoga 23

race atohgiya’a 54

raining (it is) agasga 77

raise, lift asaladi’a 47

raise him, grow it atvhisdiha 64

read agoliye’a 1

receive

ahyaniha (living)

agi’a (neutral)

ayiha (long)

gane’a (flexible)

ganegi’a (liquid)

89

recognize (him) gohlga 50

recuperate dalehisiha 38

remember andadiha 11

reprimand asgaga 71

rest adawesolvsdiha 19

restroom (going) doyi ujvsidi 19

return iga’luhga 52

ride akilvdiha 11

rock dahlihgeha 49

run a’tli

adanawsdiha

19

13

run away, escape aliti’a 49

say adiha

nigawe’a

7

13

say to him/her goseha 32

xv

scream, yell, howl gehluhvsga 61

scream, yell, howl uwehluga 61

search, look for ahyoha

uhyoha

30

30

see agowtiha 2

sell ganadega 24

send

take there & leave

wigakahvsga (living)

wahvsga (neutral)

wadi’a (long)

wiganv’vsga (flexible)

wiganehvsga (liquid)

79

separate danagaleniha 53

set down

ganv’vsga (living)

ahvsga (neutral)

adi’a (long)

ganv’vsga (flexible)

ganehvsga (liquid)

97

shining (it is) agaliha 77

shoot (him/it) ayohiha 40

shoot dasdayohiha 53

shop adananesvhvsga 13

show it agowhtvdiha 55

show him aseheha 71

sick udlvga 20

sing dekanogi’a 12

sit, at home uwotla 3

sit (seat) asdvhlusga 70

sit (group) ani’na 56

sleep gahliha 14

sleepy ga’lvsga 11

slice, cut agvhaliha 58

smell uwawsvga 50

smell (sniff) alvsdiha 70

smells (it) asvga 75

smoke goksga 50

smoke (blow) daksvsdiha 51

snowing (it is) gutiha 77

sound (making) unohyvhga 35

speak gawoniha

kanega

1

25

spill, pour, waste ajewi’a 57

spur horse, tickle him dahyvgi’a 67

stand gadoga

alehvsga

3

20

stand (group) anidona’a 56

start, begin aleniha 7

start it ahnigisdiha 60

stay with someone u’lawsdi’a 55

steal ganosgi’a 45

stop alehwisdiha

alehwisdohdiha

20

20

study duksesdi 2

swim, bathe adawo’a 8

take along

atihnawidiha (living)

ahwidiha (neutral)

ayvhwidiha (long)

ganawidiha (flexible)

ganehwidiha (liquid)

86

take there & leave *See “send” entry 79

take somewhere

atihnega (living)

ahyega (neutral)

ganega (long)

gahnega (flexible)

ganhjega (liquid)

92

take it off nigvnhde’a 53

take turns, change adanedliyvsdiha 36

takes time ahli’ilidoha 76

xvi

talk to him/her ahlinohehdi 35

teach dadeyohvsga 14

teach him gegehyohvsga 62

tell kanoheha 7

tell him/her ganose’a 55

there are (#) nani’a 31

think adanteha 21

think (so) eli’a 6

trade, exchange ali’idiha 73

throw it udega 31

thundering (it is) ahyvdagwalo’a 78

tickle / spur horse dahyvgi’a 67

tie dakanehiha 41

time (has) udlanvda’deha 47

tired duyawega

dastayesga

8

21

together unaligoha 48

touch asvhniha 45

translate, interpret anehldi’a 21

trick, bluff galonasdiha 42

try anehldiha 8

turn gadeysdiha 69

turn back aktahv’a 60

turn light on ajvstvsga 62

turn light off, fire kdladi’a 64

understand gohlga 22

unhook-hitch-plug it gudale’a 72

untie dakanedliyv’a 41

use kdiha 10

use/eat/drink it up asvhvsga 48

view, it is in adayvlata 72

visit him ahwahtvhidoha 22

visit adahwahtvhidoha 22

wait aktiya 22

wake up ayega 23

wake him up aye’sdiha 55

walk a’i 1

walk around, at edo’a 9

walk around ajvsiye’a 3

want uduli 3

warm (it is) aganawosga 77

warm it up aganawhdiha 68

wash guhilo’a 41

wash flexible dekgilo’a 62

wash dishes degvdiye’a 61

wash face agvsgwo’a 59

wash hands dasule’a 59

waste, spill, pour ajewi’a 57

watch, look aktosdi 1

watch over, care uksesdi 48

wear clothes See Pages 99-103

willing udvnv’isdi 24

win adatlosga 34

windy (it is) ganolvsga 77

wise, become aktohvsga 70

work dulvwisdaneha 4

worried uwelihi’a 34

write gohweli’a 5

wrestle ahnehiha 69

yell, howl, scream gehluhvsga 61

yell, howl, scream uwehluhga 61

1

Verb : Gawoniha Speaking Set A

Present Tense Habitual Tense Completive Past Immediate Infinitive






Verb : Agoliye’a Reading Set A


jigoliye’a jigoliyesgo’i agigoliye’v’i jigoliya agigoliyedi

higoliye’a higoliyesgo’i jagoliye’v’i higoliya jagoliyedi

agoliye’a agoliyesgo’i ugoliye’v’i agoliya ugoliyedi

anigoliye’a anigoliyesgo’i unigoliye’v’i anigoliya unigoliyedi

idigoliye’a idigoliyesgo’i igigoliye’v’i idigoliya igigoliyedi

Verb : Aktosdi Watching Set A / Person


jigatosdi

agwaktosdi

jigatosdisgo’i

agwaktosdisgo’i

jigatostanv’i

agwaktostanv’i

jiyaktosda

agwaktosda

jigatosdohdi

agwaktosdohdi

higatosdi

jaktosdi

higatosdisgo’i

jaktosdisgo’i

higatostanv’i

jaktostanv’i

haktosda

jaktosda (not Imp)

higatosdohdi

jaktosdohdi

aktosdi

uktosdi

aktosdisgo’i

uktosdisgo’i uktostanv’i

aktosda

uktosda uwaktosdohdi

anaktosdi anaktosdisgo’i unaktostanv’i anaktosda unaktosdohdi

idigatosdi idigatosdisgo’i igaktostanv’i idaktosda igaktosdohdi

Verb : A’i Walking Set A


ga’i ga’iso’i ga’isv’i X X

ha’i ha’iso’i ha’isv’i

a’i a’iso’i a’isv’i

ana’i ana’iso’i ana’isv’i

ida’i ida’iso’i ida’isv’i

2

Verb : Ega Going


gega gego’i agwenvsv’i gena agwenvsdi

hega hego’i jenvsv’i hena jenvsdi

ega ego’i uwenvsv’i ena uwenvsdi

anega anego’i unenvsv’i anena unenvsdi

idega idego’i igenvsv’i idena igenvsdi

Verb : Agowhtiha See


jigowhtiha jigowhtisgo’i jigo’v’i

agigohv’i jigowati

jigowhtvhdi

agigowhtvhdi

higowhtiha higowhtisgo’i higo’v’i

jagohv’i higowati

higowhtvhdi

jagowhtvhdi

agowhtiha agowhtisgo’i ugohv’i agowati ugowhtvhdi

anigowhtiha anigowhtisgo’i unigohv’i anigowati unigowhtvhdi

idigowhtiha idigowhtisgo’i igigohv’i idigowati igigowhtvhdi

Verb : Nadvneha Doing


nigadvneha nigadvneho’i nagwadvnelv’i nigadvga yagwadvhdi

hnadvneha hnadvneho’i nijadvnelv’i hnadvga yijadvhdi

nadvneha nadvneho’i nudvnelv’i nadvga yudvhdi

nandvneha nandvneho’i nun(a)dvnelv’i nan(a)dvga yunadvhdi

nidadvneha nidadvneho’i nigadvnelv’i nidadvga yigadvhdi

Verb : Duksesdi Studying


dagwaksesdi dagwaksesdo’i dagwaksestanv’i digaksesda digwaksesdohdi

dejaksesdi dejaksesdo’i dejaksestanv’i taksesda dijaksesdohdi

duksesdi duksesdo’i duksestanv’i diksesda juksesdohdi

dunaksesdi dunakesdo’i dunakestanv’i dinaksesda junaksesdohdi

degaksesdi degaksesdo’i degaksestanv’i dijaksesda digaksesdohdi

3

Verb : Uduliha Want


agwaduliha agwaduliho’i agwadulihv’i agwadula agwaduhldi

jaduliha jaduliho’i jadulihv’i jadula jaduhldi

uduliha uduliho’i udulihv’i udula uduhldi

unaduliha unaduliho’i unadulihv’i unadula unaduhldi

igaduliha igaduliho’i igadulihv’i igadula igaduhldi

Verb : Ajvsiye’a Walking Around


gajvsiye’a gajvsiyesgo’i agwajvsiye’v’i gajvsiya agwajvsiyedi

hajvsiye’a hajvsiyesgo’i jajvsiye’v’i hajvsiya jajvsiyedi

ajvsiye’a ajvsiyesgo’i ujvsiye’v’i ajvsiya ujvsiyedi

anajvsiye’a anajvsiyesgo’i unajvsiye’v’i anajvsiya unajvsiyedi

idajvsiye’a idajvsiyesgo’i igajvsiye’v’i idajvsiya igajvsiyedi

Verb : Gadoga Standing


jidoga jidogo’i x wijidogesdi X

hidoga hidogo’i hwidogesdi

gadoga gadogo’i wigadogesdi

danidoga / anidona’a danidogo’i / anidona’o’i widanidogesdi

dedidoga / ididona’a dedidogo’i / ididona’o’i widedidogesdi

*/Danidoga/ is used if only two are standing; /anidona/ is used if there are three or more

Verb : Uwotla Sitting/At Home


agwotla agwotlo’i agwotlv’i agwotlesdi X

jotla jotlo’i jotlv’i jotlesdi

uwotla uwotlo’i uwotlv’i uwotlesdi

dunotla / ani’na dunotlo’i / ani’no’i dunotlv’i dunotlesdi

degotla / idi’na degotlo’i / idi’no’i degotlv’i digotlesdi

*/Dunotla/ is used if only two are sitting; /ani’na/ is used if there are three or more

4

Verb : Dulvhwisdaneha Working


dagilvhwisdaneha dagilvhwisdaneho’i dagilvhwisdanelv’i digilvhwisdasi digilvhwisdanehdi

dejalvhwisdaneha dejalvhwisdaneho’i dejalvhwisdanelv’i dijalvhwisdasi dijalvhwisdanehdi

dulvhwisdaneha dulvhwisdaneho’i dulvhwisdanelv’i julvhwisdasi julvhwisdanehdi

dunilvhwisdaneha dunilvhwisdaneho’i dunilvhwisdanelv’i junilvhwisdasi junilvhwisdanehdi

degilvhwisdaneha degilvhwisdaneho’i degilvhwisdanelv’i digilvhwisdasi digilvhwisdanehdi

Verb : Danelohvsga Playing


deganelohvsga deganelohvsgo’i dagwanelohnv’i diganelohvga digwanehldi

dehanelohvsga dehanelohvsgo’i dejanelohnv’i tanelohvga dijanehldi

danelohvsga danelohvsgo’i dunelohnv’i dinelohvga junehldi

dananelohvsga dananelohvsgo’i dunanelohnv’i dinanelohvga junanehldi

dedanelohvsga dedanelohvsgo’i deganelohnv’i didanelohvga diganehldi

Verb : Uyosi’a Hungry


agiyosi’a agiyosisgo’i agiyosisgv’i agiyosihesdi agiyosisohdi

jayosi’a jayosisgo’i jayosisgv’i jayosihesdi jayosisohdi

uyosi’a uyosisgo’i uyosisgv’i uyosihesdi uyosisohdi

duniyosi’a duniyosisgo’i duniyosisgv’i duniyosihesdi juniyosisohdi

degiyosi’a degiyosisgo’i degiyosisgv’i degiyosihesdi digiyosisohdi

Verb : Uhwasga Buying


akihwasga akihwasgo’i akihwasv’i akiwahi akihwahisdi

jahwasga jahwasgo’i jahwasv’i chawahi jahwahisdi

uhwasga uhwasgo’i uhwasv’i uhwahi uhwahisdi

unihwasga unihwasgo’i unihwasv’i unihwahi unihwahisdi

igihwasga igihwasgo’i igihwasv’i igihwahi igihwahisdi

5

Verb : Ayostanohvsga Destroying


jiyostanohvsga jiyostanohvsgo’i agiyostanohnv’i jiyostanohna agiyostanohvsdi

hiyostanohvsga hiyostanohvsgo’i jayostanohnv’i hiyostanohna jayostanohvsdi

ayostanohvsga ayostanohvsgo’i uyostanohnv’i ayostanohna uyostanohvsdi

aniyostanohvsga aniyostanohvsgo’i uniyostanohnv’i aniyostanohna uniyostanohvsdi

idiyostanohvsga idiyostanohvsgo’i igiyostanohnv’i idiyostanohna igiyostanohvsdi

Verb : Utvdasdi Listening


jiyatvdasdi

aktvdasdi

jiyatvdasdo’i

aktvdasdo’i

jiyatvdastanv’i

aktvdastanv’i

gatvdasda /jiyatvdasda

agwatvdasdesdi

jiyatvdasdohdi

aktvdasdohdi

hiyatvdasdi

tstvdasdi

hiyatvdasdo’i

tstvdasdo’i

hiyatvdastanv’i

tstvdastanv’i

hatvdasda / hiyatvdasda

tstvdasdesdi

hiyatvdasdohdi

tstvdasdohdi

utvdasdi utvdasdo’i utvdastanv’i utvdasdesdi utvdasdohdi

untvdasdi untvdasdo’i untvdastanv’i untvdasdesdi unvtvdasdohdi

iktvdasdi iktvdasdo’i iktvdastan v’i iktvdasdesdi iktvdasdohdi

Verb : Gohweli’a Writing


degoweli’a degowelisgo’i agwohwelanv’i gowelvga agwohwelohdi

dehoweli’a dehohwelisgo’i johwelanv’i hohwelvga johwelohdi

degohweli’a degohwelisgo’i uwowelanv’i gohwelvga uwohwelohdi

danohweli’a danohwelisgo’i dunohwelanv’i dinohwelvga junohwelohdi

dedohweli’a dedohwelisgo’i degohwelanv’i didohwelvga digohwelohdi

Verb : Adehloqwa’a Learning


gadeloqwa’a gadeloqwasgo’i agwadehloqwa’v’i gadeloqwa agwadehlqwasdi

hadehloqwa’a hadehloqwasgo’i jadehloqwa’v’i hadehloqwa jadehlqwasdi

adehloqwa’a adehloqwasgo’i udehloqwa’v’i adehloqwa udehlqwasdi

anadehloqwa’a anadehloqwasgo’i unadehloqwa’v’i anadehloqwa unadehlqwasdi

idadehloqwa’a idadehloqwasgo’i igadehloqwa’v’i idadehloqwa igadehlqwasdi

6

Verb : Aktenoha Looking (Around)


jigatenoha jigatenoho’i agwaktenolv’i jigatenaga agwaktenasdi

haktenoha haktenoho’i jaktenolv’i hiktenaga jaktenasdi

aktenoha aktenoho’i uktenolv’i aktenaga uktenasdi

anaktenoha anaktenoho’i unaktenolv’i anaktenaga unaktenasdi

idaktenoha idaktenoho’i igaktenolv’i idaktenaga igaktenasdi

Verb : Daltadega Jumping


degalitadega degalitadego’i dagwahltadinvsv’i digalitaduga digwahltadinvdi

dehaltadega dehaltadego’i dejahltadinvsv’i tahltaduga dijahltadinvdi

daltadega daltadego’i duhltadinvsv’i diltaduga juhltadinvdi

danaltadega danaltadego’i dunahltadinvsv’i dinahltaduga junahltadinvdi

dedaltadega dedaltadego’i degahltadinvsv’i didaltaduga digahltadinvdi

Verb : Unhta Know


agwanhta agwanhto’i agwanhtv’i agwantesdi X

janhta janhto’i janhtv’i jantesdi

unhta unhto’i unhtv’i untesdi

unanhta unanhto’i unanhtv’i unantesdi

iganhta iganhto’i iganhtv’i igantesdi

Verb : Eli’a Think (So)


geli’a gelisgo’i agwelisv’i gela agwelisdi

heli’a helisgo’i jelisv’i hela jelisdi

eli’a elisgo’i uwelisv’i ela uwelisdi

aneli’a anelisgo’i uneliv’i anela unelisdi

ideli’a idelisgo’i igelisv’i idela igelisdi

7

Verb : Adiha Saying


gadi’a gadisgo’i agwadvhnv’i gada agwatdi

hadiha hadisgo’i jadvhnv’i hada jatdi

adiha adisgo’i udvhnv’i ada utdi

anadiha anadisgo’i unadvhnv’i anada unatdi

idadiha idadisgo’i igadvhnv’i idada igatdi

Verb : Kanoheha Telling


jinoheha jinohesgo’i akihnohehlv’i jinohvla akihnohehdi

hinoheha hinohesgo’i jahnohehlv’i hihnohvla jahnohehdi

kanoheha kanohesgo’i uhnohehlv’i kanohvla uhnohehdi

aninoheha aninohesgo’i unihnohehlv’i anihnohvla unihnohehdi

idinoheha idinohesgo’i igihnohehlv’i idihnohvla igihnohehdi

Verb : Aleniha Beginning


galeni’a galenisgo’i agwalenvhv’i galena agwalenhdi

haleniha halenisgo’i jalenvhv’i halena jalenhdi

aleniha alenisgo’i ulenvhv’i alena ulenhdi

analeniha analenisgo’i unalenvhv’i analena unalenhdi

idaleniha idalenisgo’i igalenvhv’i idalena igalenhdi

Verb : Asgwadi’a Finishing


jisgwadi’a jisgwadisgo’i aksgwadv’i jisgwada aksgwadisdi

hisgwadi’a hisgwadisgo’i tsgwadv’i hisgwada tsgwadisdi

asgwadi’a asgwadisgo’i usgwadv’i asgwada usgwadisdi

anisgwadi’a anisgwadisgo’i unsgwadv’i anisgwada unsgwadisdi

idisgwadi’a idisgwadisgo’i iksgwadv’i idisgwada iksgwadisdi

8

Verb : Duyawega Tired/Not Well


dagiyawega dagiyawego’i dagiyawejv’i digiyawegi digiyawesdi

dejayawega dejayawego’i dejayawejv’i dijayawegi dijayawesdi

duyawega duyawego’i duyawejv’i juyawegi juyawesdi

duniyawega duniyawego’i duniyawejv’i juniyawegi juniyawesdi

degiyawega degiyawego’i degiyawejv’i digiyawegi digiyawesdi

Verb : Anehldiha Trying


ganehldi’a ganehldisgo’i agwanehltanv’i ganehlda agwanehldohdi

hanehldiha hanehldisgo’i janehltanv’i hanehlda janehldohdi

anehldiha anehldisgo’i unehltanv’i anehlda unehldohdi

ananehldiha ananehldisgo’i unanehltanv’i ananehlda unanehldohdi

idanehldiha idanehldisgo’i iganehltanv’i idanehlda iganehldohdi

Verb : Adawo’a Swimming, Bathing


gadawo’a gadawosgo’i agwadawo’v’i gadawoja agwadawosdi

hadawo’a hadawosgo’i jadawo’v’i hadawoja jadawosdi

adawo’a adawosgo’i udawo’v’i adawoja udawosdi

anadawo’a anadawosgo’i unadawo’v’i anadawoja unadawosdi

idadawo’a idadawosgo’i igadawo’v’i idadawoja igadawosdi

Verb : Asdu’i’a Opening


jisdu’i’a jisdu’isgo’i aksdu’isv’i jisdu’i aksdu’isdi

hisdu’i’a hisdu’isgo’i tsdu’isv’i hisdu’i tsdu’isdi

asdu’i’a asdu’isgo’i usdu’isv’i asdu’i usdu’isdi

anisdu’i’a anisdu’isgo’i unsdu’isv’i anisdu’i unsdu’isdi

idisdu’i’a idisdu’isgo’i iksdu’isv’i idisdu’i iksdu’isdi

9

Verb : Asduhvsga Closing


jisduhvsga jisduhvsgo’i aksduhnv’i jisduhvga aksdudi

hisduhvsga hisduhvsgo’i tsduhnv’i hisduhvga tsdudi

asduhvsga asduhvsgo’i usduhnv’i asduhvga usdudi

anisduhvsga anisduhvsgo’i unsduhnv’i anisduhvga unsdudi

idisduhvsga idisduhvsgo’i iksduhnv’i idisduhvga iksdudi

Verb : Edo’a At / Walking Around


gedo’a gedosgo’i agwedolv’i geda agwedasdi

hedo’a hedosgo’i jedolv’i head jedasdi

edo’a edosgo’i uwedolv’i eda uwedasdi

anedo’a anedosgo’i unedolv’i aneda unedasdi

idedo’a idedosgo’i igedolv’i ideda igedasdi

Verb : Anigi’a Leaving / It is Starting


ganigi’a ganigisgo’i agwahnigisv’i ganigi agwahnigisdi

hanigi’a hanigisgo’i jahnigisv’i hahnigi jahnigisdi

anigi’a anigisgo’i uhnigisv’i ahnigi uhnigisdi

ananigi’a ananigisgo’i unahnigisv’i anahnigi unahnigisdi

idanigi’a idanigisgo’i igahnigisv’i idahnigi igahnigisdi

Verb : Gohlvsga Making


gohlvsga gohlvsgo’i agwohlvhnv’i gohlvna agwohlvnhdi

hohlvsga hohlvsgo’i johlvhnv’i hohlvna johlvnhdi

gohlvsga gohlvsgo’i uwohlvhnv’i gohlvna uwohlvnhdi

anohlvsga anohlvsgo’i unohlvhnv’i anohlvna unohlvnhdi

idohlvsga idohlvsgo’i igohlvhnv’i idohlvna igohlvnhdi

10

Verb : Adasdayvhvsga Cooking (Meal, Place)


gadasdayvhvsga gadasdayvhvsgo’i agwadasdayvhnv’i gadasdayvhvga agwadasdayhdi

hadasdayvhvsga hadasdayvhvsgo’i jadasdayvhnv’i hadasdayvhvga jadasdayhdi

adasdayvhvsga adasdayvhvsgo’i udasdayvhnv’i adasdayvhvga udasdayhdi

anadasdayvhvsga anadasdayvhvsgo’i unadasdayvhnv’i anadasdayvhvga unadasdayhdi

idadasdayvhvsga idadasdayvhvsgo’i igadasdayvhnv’i idadasdayvhvga igadasdayhdi

Verb : Ulvkwdi Like (It)


jilvgwodi

agilvkwdi

jilvgwodo’i

agilvkwdo’i

jilvgwotanv’i

agilvkwtanv’i

jilvgwoda

jilvkwda

jilvgwodohdi

agilvkwdohdi

hilvgwodi

jalvkwdi

hilvgwodo’i

jalvkwdo’i

hilvgwotanv’i

jalvkwtanv’i

hilvgwoda

hilvkwda

hilvgwodohdi

jalvkwdohdi

ulvkwdi ulvkwdo’i ulvkwtanv’i ulvkwda ulvkwdohdi

unilvkwdi unilvkwdo’i unilvkwtanv’i unilvkwda unilvkwdohdi

igilvkwdi igilvkwdo’i igilvkwtanv’i igilvkwda igilvkwdohdi

Verb : Kdiha Using


gvdiha gvdisgo’i aktanv’i gvda akhdohdi

hvdiha hvdisgo’i jvtanv’i / tstanv’i hvhda jvhdohdi / tsdohdi

kdiha kdisgo’i uwhtanv’i khda uwhdohdi

anvdiha anvdisgo’i unvtanv’i anvhda unvhdohdi

idvdiha idvdisgo’i iktanv’i idvhda ikhdohdi

Verb : Ahi’li Driving


ji’ili ji’ilego’i / ji’iliso’i agihi’lvsv’i ji’i’luga agihilvsdi

hihi’li hihi’lego’i / hihi’liso’i jahi’lvsv’i hihi’luga jahilvsdi

ahi’li ahi’lego’i / ahi’liso’i uhi’lvsv’i ahi’luga uhilvsdi

anihi’li anihi’lego’i / anihi’liso’i unihi’lvsv’i anihi’luga unihilvsdi

idihi’li idihi’lego’i / idihi’liso’i igihi’lvsv’i idihi’luga igihilvsdi

*ji’iliso’i ‘I have driven’ agihi’lvsv’i ‘I drove’ DF (20)

11

Verb : Akilvdiha Riding


jiyakilvdiha

gakilvdiha

jiyakilvdisgo’i

gakilvdisgo’i

jiyakilvtanv’i

agwakilvtanv’i

jiyakilvda

gakilvda

jiyakilvdohdi

agwakilvdohdi

hiyakilvdiha

hakilvdiha

hiyakilvdisgo’i

hakilvdisgo’i

hiyakilvtanv’i

jakilvtanv’i

hiyakilvda

hakilvda

hiyakilvdohdi

jakilvdohdi

akilvdiha akilvdisgo’i ukilvtanv’i akilvda ukilvdohdi

anakilvdiha anakilvdisgo’i unakilvtanv’i anakilvda unakilvdohdi

idakilvdiha idakilvdisgo’i igakilvtanv’i idakilvda igakilvdohdi

Verb : Andadiha Remember


jiyanvdadi’a

ganvdadi’a

jiyanvdadisgo’i

ganvdadisgo’i

jiyanvdadv’i

agwanhdadv’i

jiyanvdada

ganvdada

jiyanvdadisdi

agwanhdadisdi

hiyanvdadi’a

handadiha

hiyanvdadisgo’i

handadisgo’i

hiyanhdadv’i

janhdadv’i

hiyanvdada

hanhdada

hiyanhdadisdi

janhdadisdi

andadiha andadisgo’i unhdadv’i anhdada unhdadisdi

anandadiha anandadisgo’i unanhdadv’i ananhdada unanhdadisdi

idandadiha idandadisgo’i iganhdadv’i idanhdada iganhdadisdi

Verb : Uwakewsga Forget


jiyvkewsga

agwvkewsga

jiyvkewsgo’i

agwvkewsgo’i

jiyvkewsv’i

agwvkewsv’i

jiyvkewa

agwvkewa

jiyvkehwisdi

agwvkehwisdi

jvkewsga jvkewsgo’i jvkewsv’i wijvkewa jvkehwisdi

uwakewsga uwakewsgo’i uwakewsv’i wuwakewa uwakehwisdi

unvkewsga unvkewsgo’i unvkewsv’i wunvkewa unvkehwisdi

igvkewsga igvkewsgo’i igvkewsv’i wigvkewa igvkehwisdi

The Immediate Past form does not use the /w-/ prefix that is given on the Immediate forms

Verb : Ga’lvsga / Gahlvsga Sleepy


ji’lvsga ji’hlvsgo’i agihlvhnv’i ji’lvna agihlvnhdi

hi’lvsga hi’lvsgo’i jahlvhnv’i hihlvna jahlvnhdi

ga’lvsga ga’lvsgo’i uhlvhnv’i gahlvna uhlvnhdi

ani’lvsga ani’lvsgo’i unilvhnv’i anihlvna unihlvnhdi

idi’lvsga idi’lvsgo’i igihlvhnv’i idihlvna igihlvnhdi

12

Verb : Udanhta Feeling


agwadanhta agwadanhto’i agwadanhtv’i agwadanhtesdi agwadanhdadisdi

jadanhta jadanhto’i jadanhtv’i jadanhtesdi jadanhdadisdi

udanhta udanhto’i udanhtv’i udanhtesdi udanhdadisdi

unadanhta unadanhto’i unadanhtv’i unadanhtesdi unadanhdadisdi

igadanhta igadanhto’i igadanhtv’i igadanhtesdi igadanhdadisdi

Verb : Dekanogi’a Singing


dejinogi’a dejinogisgo’i dakihnogisv’i dijinogi dikihnogisdi

dehihnogi’a dehihnogisgo’i dejahnogisv’i tihnogi dijahnogisdi

dekanogi’a dekanogisgo’i duhnogisv’i dikanogi juhnogisdi

danihnogi’a danihnogisgo’i dunihnogisv’i dinihnogi junihnogisdi

dedihnogi’a dedihnogisgo’i degihnogisv’i didihnogi digihnogisdi

Verb : Atvgi’a Hearing


jiyatvgi’a

gatvgi’a

jiyatvgisgo’i

gatvgisgo’i

jiyatvganv’i

aktvganv’i

jiyatvgvga

gatvgvga

jiyatvgodi

aktvgodi

hiyatvgi’a

hatvgi’a

hiyatvgisgo’i

hatvgisgo’i

hiyatvganv’i

tstvganv’i

hiyatvgvga

hatvgvga

hiyatvgodi

tstvgodi

atvgi’a atvgisgo’i utvganv’i atvgvga utvgodi

anatvgi’a anatvgisgo’i unatvganv’i anatvgvga unatvgodi

idatvgi’a idatvgisgo’i iktvganv’i idatvgvga iktvgodi

Verb : Aktaha Knows How


jigataha jigataho’i X X X

higataha higataho’i

aktaha aktaho’i

anaktaha anaktaho’i

idaktaha idaktaho’i

13

Verb : Adananesvhvsga Shopping


gadananesvhvsga gadananesvhvsgo’i agwadananesvhnv’i gadananesvhvga agwadananesvhvsdi

hadananesvhvsga hadananesvhvsgo’i jadananesvhnv’i hadananesvhvga jadananesvhvsdi

adananesvhvsga adananesvhvsgo’i udananesvhnv’i adananesvhvga udananesvhvsdi

anadananesvhvsga anadananesvhvsgo’i unadananesvhnv’i anadananesvhvga unadananesvhvsdi

idadananesvhvsga idadananesvhvsgo’i igadananesvhnv’i idadananesvhvga igadananesvhvsdi

Verb : Adanawsdiha Running, Take Off


gadanawsdiha gadanawsdisgo’i agwadanawstanv’i gadanawsda agwadanawsdohdi

hadanawsdiha hadanawsdisgo’i jadanawstanv’i hadanawsda jadanawsdohdi

adanawsdiha adanawsdisgo’i udanawstanv’i adanawsda udanawsdohdi

danadanawsdiha danadanawsdisgo’i unadanawstanv’i anadanawsda unadanawsdohdi

dedadanawsdiha dedadanawsdisgo’i igadanawstanv’i idadanawsda igadanawsdohdi

Verb : Alsdayvhvsga Eating (Meal)


galisdayvhvsga galisdayvhvsgo’i agwalsdayvhnv’i galisdayvhvga agwalsdayhdi

halisdayvhvsga halisdayvhvsgo’i jalsdayvhnv’i halisdayvhvga jalsdayhdi

alsdayvhvsga alsdayvhvsgo’i ulsdayvhnv’i alsdayvhvga ulsdayhdi

analsdayvhvsga analsdayvhvsgo’i unalsdayvhnv’i analsdayvhvga unalsdayhdi

idalsdayvhvsga idalsdayvhvsgo’i igalsdayvhnv’i idalsdayvhvga igalsdayhdi

Verb : Nigawe’a Saying/Meowing


nijiwe’a nijiwesgo’i nagiwesv’i nijiwi iyagiwesdi

hniwe’a hniwesgo’i nijawesv’i hniwi iyijawesdi

nigawe’a nigawesgo’i nuwesv’i nigawi iyuwesdi

naniwe’a naniwesgo’i nuniwesv’i naniwi iyuniwesdi

nidiwe’a nidiwesgo’i nigiwesv’i nidiwi iyigiwesdi

14

Verb : Ga’luhgi Arriving, Coming


ji’luhgi ji’luhgo’i agi’luhjv’i ji’luhga agiluhisdi

hi’luhgi hi’luhgo’i ja’luhjv’i hi’luhga jaluhisdi

ga’luhgi ga’luhgo’i u’luhjv’i ga’luhga uluhisdi

ani’luhgi ani’luhgo’i uni’luhjv’i ani’luhga uniluhisdi

idi’luhgi idi’luhgo’i igi’luhjv’i idi’luhga igiluhisdi

Verb : Advnvsdi’a Getting Ready


gadvnvsdi’a gadvnvsdisgo’i agwadvnvstanv’i gadvnvsda agwadvnvsdohdi

hadvnvsdi’a hadvnvsdisgo’i jadvnvstanv’i hadvnvsda jadvnvsdohdi

advnvsdi’a advnvsdisgo’i udvnvstanv’i advnvsda udvnvsdohdi

anadvnvsdi’a anadvnvsdisgo’i anadvnvstanv’i anadvnvsda unadvnvsdohdi

idadvnvsdi’a idadvnvsdisgo’i igadvnvstanv’i idadvnvsda igadvnvsdohdi

Verb : Dadeyohvsga Teaching


degadeyohvsga degadeyohvsgo’i dagwadeyohnv’i digadeyohvga digwadehyohdi

dehadeyohvsga dehadeyohvsgo’i dejadeyohnv’i tadeyohvga dijadehyohdi

dadeyohvsga dadeyohvsgo’i dudeyohnv’i dideyohvga judehyohdi

danadeyohvsga danadeyohvsgo’i dunadeyohnv’i dinadeyohvga junadehyohdi

dedadeyohvsga dedadeyohvsgo’i degadeyohnv’i didadeyohvga digadehyohdi

Verb : Gahliha Sleeping


ji’liha ji’liho’i X ji’lvna agihlvnhdi

hihliha hihliho’i hihlvna jahlvnhdi

gahliha gahliho’i gahlvna uhlvnhdi

anihliha anihliho’i anihlvna unihlvnhdi

idihliha idihliho’i idihlvna igihlvnhdi

anihlina ‘they are sleeping’ anihlino’i ‘they sleep’ DF (45)

15

Verb : Aliheliga Happy, Thankful


gali’eliga gali’eligo’i agwalihelijv’i gali’eligi agwalihelisdi

haliheliga haliheligo’i jalihelijv’i haliheligi jalihelisdi

aliheliga aliheligo’i ulihelijv’i aliheligi ulihelisdi

analiheliga analiheligo’i unahelijv’i analiheligi unalihelisdi

idaliheliga idaliheligo’i igahelijv’i idaliheligi igalihelisdi

Verb : Atvsga Growing


ga’dvsga ga’dvsgo’i agwatvsv’i ga’dvhi agwatvhisdi

hatvsga hatvsgo’i jatvsv’i hatvhi jatvhisdi

atvsga atvsgo’i utvsv’i atvhi utvhisdi

anatvsga anatvsgo’i unatvsv’i anatvhi unatvhisdi

idatvsga idatvsgo’i igatvsv’i idatvhi igatvhisdi

Verb : Alsdeliha Helping


galisdeliha galisdelisgo’i agwalsdelvhv’i galisdela agwalsdehldi

halisdeliha halisdelisgo’i jalsdelvhv’i halsdela jalsdehldi

alsdeliha alsdelisgo’i ulsdelvhv’i alsdela ulsdehldi

analsdeliha analsdelisgo’i unalsdelvhv’i analsdela unalsdehldi

idalsdeliha idalsdelisgo’i igalsdelvhv’i idalsdela igalsdehldi

Verb : Asdeliha Helping (Him/Her)


jisdeliha jisdelisgo’i jisdelvhv’i jisdela jisdehldi

hisdeliha hisdelisgo’i hisdelvhv’i hisdela hisdehldi

asdeliha asdelisgo’i usdelvhv’i asdela usdehldi

anisdeliha anisdelisgo’i unsdelvhv’i anisdela unsdehldi

edisdeliha edisdelisgo’i edisdelvhv’i edisdela edisdehldi

16

Verb : Ganohalidoha Hunting


jino’alidoha jino’alidosgo’i aginohalidolv’i jino’alida aginohalidasdi

hinohalidoha hinohalidosgo’i janohalidolv’i hinohalida janohalidasdi

ganohalidoha ganohalidosgo’i unohalidolv’i ganohalida unohalidasdi

aninohalidoha aninohalidosgo’i uninohalidolv’i aninohalida uninohalidasdi

idinohalidoha idinohalidosgo’i iginohalidolv’i idinohalida iginohalidasdi

Verb : Udanila Ill


agwadanila agwadanilo’i agwadanilv’i X agwadanilvsdi

jadanila jadanilo’i jadanilv’i jadanilvsdi

udanila udanilo’i udanilv’i udanilvsdi

unadanila unadanilo’i unadanilv’i unadanilvsdi

igadanila igadanilo’i igadanilv’i igadanilvsdi

Verb : Aya’a Inside


jiya’a jiya’o’i X X X

hiya’a hiya’o’i

aya’a aya’o’i

aniya’a aniya’o’i

idiya’a idiya’o’i

Verb : Uja’a Inside


agwaja’a agwaja’o’i agwaja’v’i agwaja’esdi X

jaja’a jaja’o’i jaja’v’i jaja’esdi

uja’a uja’o’i uja’v’i uja’esdi

unaja’a unaja’o’i unaja’v’i unaja’esdi

igaja’a igaja’o’i igaja’v’i igaja’esdi

17

Verb : Uyetsga Laughing


agiyetsga agiyetsgo’i agiyetsv’i agiyetsa agiyetsdi

jayetsga jayetsgo’i jayetsv’i jayetsa jayetsdi

uyetsga uyetsgo’i uyetsv’i uyetsa uyetsdi

uniyetsga uniyetsgo’i uniyetsv’i uniyetsa uniyetsdi

igiyetsga igiyetsgo’i igiyetsv’i igiyetsa igiyetsdi

Verb : Ganela Living At


jinela jinelo’i X jinelesdi X

hinela hinelo’i hinelesdi

ganela ganelo’i ganelesdi

aninela aninelo’i aninelesdi

idinela idinelo’i idinelesdi

Verb : Ugeyuha Love (Him/Her) / Possessive (of Him/Her/It)


jigeyu’a

agigeyuha

jigeyuso’i

agigeyuso’i

jigeyusv’i

agigeyusv’i

jigeyusesdi

agigeyusesdi

jigeyhdi

agigeyhdi

higeyuha

jageyuha

higeyuso’i

jageyuso’i

higeyusv’i

jageyusv’i

higeyusesdi

jageyusesdi

higeyhdi

jageyhdi

ugeyuha ugeyuso’i ugeyusv’i ugeyusesdi ugeyhdi

unigeyuha unigeyuso’i unigeyusv’i unigeyusesdi unigeyhdi

edigeyuhah edigeyuso’i edigeyusv’i edigeyusesdi edigeyhdi

Verb : Adelohosga Finding it Out


gadelohosga gadelohosgo'i agwadelohosv'i gadelohohi agwadelohohisdi

hadelohosga hadelohosgo'i jadelohosv'i hadelohohi jadelohohisdi

adelohosga adelohosgo'i udelohosv'i adelohohi udelohohisdi

anadelohosga anadelohosgo'i unadelohosv'i anadelohohi unadelohohisdi

idadelohosga idadelohosgo'i igadelohosv'i idadelohohi igadelohohisdi

18

Verb : Danadlosga Meeting (They Are)

Present Tense Habitual Tense Completive Past Immediate Pronoun Form

dojadlosga dojadlosgo’i dogadlosv’i jojadlohi I & Him/They

desdadlosga desdadlosgo’i desdadlosv’i disdadlohi You (2)

dejadlosga dejadlosgo’i dejadlosv’i dijadlohi You & They

dedadlosga dedadlosgo’i degadlosv’i didadlohi You, I, & They

danadlosga danadlosgo’i dunadlosv’i dinadlohi They

jogadlohisdi disdadlohisdi dijadlohisdi digadlohisdi junadlohisdi – Infinitive form (they)

Verb : Akwiyiha Paying (It)


gagwiyiha gagwiyisgo’i akikwiyvhv’i gagwiya akikwiyhdi

hakwiyiha hakwiyisgo’i jakwiyvhv’i hakwiya jakwiyhdi

akwiyiha akwiyisgo’i ukwiyvhv’i akwiya ukwiyhdi

anakwiyiha anakwiyisgo’i unikwiyvhv’i anakwiya unakwiyhdi

idakwiyiha idakwiyisgo’i igikwiyvhv’i idakwiya igakwiyhdi

Verb : Akwiyv’eha Paying (Him)


jiyagwiyv’eha jiyagwiyv’eho’i jiyagwiyv’elv’i jiyagwiyvsi jiyagwiyv’ehdi

hiyagwiyv’eha hiyagwiyv’eho’i hiyakwiyv’elv’i hiyagwiyvsi hiyakwiyv’ehdi

akwiyv’eha akwiyv’eho’i ukwiyv’elv’i akwiyvsi ukwiyv’ehdi

anakwiyv’eha anakwiyv’eho’i unakwiyv’elv’i anakwiyvsi unakwiyv’ehdi

edakwiyv’eha edakwiyv’eho’i edakwiyv’elv’i edakwiyvsi egakwiyv’ehdi

Verb : Danehldiha Playing (with Him/It)


dejiyanehldiha

deganehldiha

dejiyanehldisgo’i

deganehldisgo’i

dejiyanehltanv’i

dagwanehltanv’i

dijiyanehlda

diganehlda

dijiyanehldohdi

digwanehldohdi

dehiyanehldiha

dehanehldiha

dehiyanehldisgo’i

dehanehldisgo’i

dehiyanehltanv’i

dejanehltanv’i

tiyanehlda

tanehlda

tiyanehldohdi

dijanehldohdi

danehldiha danehldisgo’i dunehltanv’i dinehlda junehldohdi

dananehldiha dananehldisgo’i dunanehltanv’i dinanehlda junanehldohdi

dedanehldiha dedanehldisgo’i deganehltanv’i didanehlda diganehldohdi

19

Verb : Alasgaliha Playing Ball


galasgaliha galasgalisgo’i agwalasgalvhv’i galasgala agwalasgahldi

halasgaliha halasgalisgo’i jalasgalvhv’i halasgala jalasgahldi

alasgaliha alasgalisgo’i ulasgalvhv’i alasgala ulasgahldi

analasgaliha analasgalisgo’i unalasgalvhv’i analasgala unalasgahldi

idalasgaliha idalasgalisgo’i igalasgalvhv’i idalasgala igalasgahldi

Verb : A’tli Running


galitli galitlisgo’i X X X

ha’tli ha’tlisgo’i

a’tli a’tlisgo’i

dena’tli dena’tlisgo’i

deda’tli deda’tlisgo’i

Verb : Adawesolvsdiha Resting


gadawesolvsdiha gadawesolvsdisgo’i agwadawesolvstanv’i gadawesolvsda agwadawesolvsdohdi

hadawesolvsdiha hadawesolvsdisgo’i jadawesolvstanv’i hadawesolvsda jadawesolvsdohdi

adawesolvsdiha adawesolvsdisgo’i udawesolvstanv’i adawesolvsda udawesolvsdohdi

anadawesolvsdiha anadawesolvsdisgo’i unadawesolvstanv’i anadawesolvsda unadawesolvsdohdi

idadawesolvsdiha idadawesolvsdisgo’i igadawesolvstanv’i idadawesolvsda igadawesolvsdohdi

Verb : Doyi Ujvsidiha Restroom (Going To)


doyi agwajvsidi doyi agwajvsidiso’i doyi agwajvsidisv’i doyi wagwajvsida doyi agwajvsidisdi

doyi jajvsidi doyi jajvsidiso’i doyi jajvsidisv’i doyi wijajvsida doyi jajvsidisdi

doyi ujvsidi doyi ujvsidiso’i doyi ujvsidisv’i doyi wujvsida doyi ujvsidisdi

doyi unajvsidi doyi unajvsidiso’i doyi unajvsidisv’i doyi wunajvsida doyi unajvsidisdi

doyi igajvsidi doyi igajvsidiso’i doyi igajvsidisv’i doyi wigajvsida doyi igajvsidisdi

20

Verb : Udlvga Sick


akdlvga akdlvgo’i akdlvgv’i akdlvgi akdlv’isdi

tsdlvga tsdlvgo’i tsdlvgv’i tsdlvgi tsdlv’isdi

udlvga udlvgo’i udlvgv’i udlvgi udlv’isdi

dunidlvga dunidlvgo’i dunidlvgv’i junidlvgi junidlv’isdi

degidlvga degidlvgo’i degidlvgv’i digidlvgi digidlv’isdi

Verb : Alehvsga Standing (In A Certain Spot)


gale’vsga gale’vsgo’i agwalehnv’i galehvga agwalehdi

halehvsga halehvsgo’i jalehnv’i halehvga jalehdi

alehvsga alehvsgo’i ulehnv’i alehvga ulehdi

analehvsga analehvsgo’i unalehnv’i analehvga unalehdi

idalehvsga idalehvsgo’i igalehnv’i idalehvga igalehdi

Verb : Alehwisdiha Stopping (He/It Is)


galewisdiha galewisdisgo’i agwalehwistanv’i galewisda agwalehwisdohdi

halehwisdiha halehwisdisgo’i jalehwistanv’i halehwisda jalehwisdohdi

alehwisdiha alehwisdisgo’i ulehwistanv’i alehwisda ulehwisdohdi

analehwisdiha analehwisdisgo’i unalehwistanv’i analehwisda unalehwisdohdi

idalehwisdiha idalehwisdisgo’i igalehwistanv’i idalehwisda igalehwisdohdi

Verb : Alehwisdohdiha (He/She/It) Is Stopping (Him/Her/It)


jiyalewisdohdiha

galehwisdohdiha

jiyalehwisdohdisgo’i

galehwisdohdisgo’i

jiyalehwisdohtanv’i

agwalehwisdohtanv’i

jiyalewisdohda

galehwisdohda

jiyalehwisdohdohdi

agwalehwisdohdohdi

hiyalehwisdohdiha

halehwisdohdiha

hiyalehwisdohdisgo’i

halehwisdohdisgo’i

hiyalehwisdohtanv’i

jalehwisdohtanv’i

hiyalewisdohda

halehwisdohda

hiyalehwisdohdohdi

jalehiwsdohdohdi

alehwisdohdiha alehwisdohdisgo’i ulehwisdohtanv’i alehwisdohda ulehwisdohdohdi

analehwisdohdiha analehwisdohdisgo’i analehwisdohtanv’i analehwisdohda unalehwisdohdohdi

idalehwisdohdiha idalehwisdohdisgo’i igalehwisdohtanv’i idalehwisdohda igalehwisdohdohdi

21

Verb : Dahlinoheha Talking To, Conversing


degalinoheha degalinohesgo’i dagwahlinohehlv’i digalinohvla digwahlinohehdi

dehahlinoheha dehahlinohesgo’i dejahlinohehlv’i tahlinohvla dijahlinohehdi

dahlinoheha dahlinohesgo’i duhlinohehlv’i dihlinohvla juhlinohehdi

danahlinoheha danahlinohesgo’i dunahlinohehlv’i dinahlinohvla junahlinohehdi

dedahlinoheha dedahlinohesgo’i degahlinohehlv’i didahlinohvla didahlinohehdi

Verb : Adanteha Thinking


gadanvteha gadanvtesgo’i agwadanhtehlv’i gadanvtvla agwadanhtehdi

hadanteha hadantesgo’i jadanhtehlv’i hadanhtvla jadanhtehdi

adanteha adantesgo’i udanhtehlv’i adanhtvla udanhtehdi

anadanteha anadantesgo’i unadanhtehlv’i anadanhtvla unadanhtehdi

idadanteha idadantesgo’i igadanhtehlv’i idadanhtvla igadanhtehdi

Verb : Ahnehldi’a Translating / Interpreting


ganehldiha ganehldisgo’i agwahnehltanv’i ganehlda agwahnehldohdi

hahnehldi’a hahnehldisgo’i jahnehltanv’i hahnehlda jahnehldohdi

ahnehldi’a ahnehldisgo’i uhnehltanv’i ahnehlda uhnehldohdi

anahnehldi’a anahnehldisgo’i unahnehltanv’i anahnehlda unahnehldohdi

idahnehldi’a idahnehldisgo’i igahnehltanv’i idahnehlda igahnehldohdi

Verb : Dastayesga Exhausted, Tired


degastayesga degastayesgo’i dagwastayesv’i digastayehi digwastayehisdi

dehastayesga dehastayesgo’i dejastayesv’i tastayehi dijastayehisdi

dastayesga dastayesgo’i dustayesv’i distayehi justayehisdi

danastayesga danastayesgo’i dunastayesv’i dinastayehi junastayehisdi

dedastayesga dedastayesgo’i degastayesv’i didastayehi digastayehisdi

22

Verb : Gohlga Understand


goliga goligo’i agwohljv’i goligi agwohlisdi

hohlga hohlgo’i johljv’i hohlgi johlisdi

gohlga gohlgo’i uwohljv’i gohlgi uwohlisdi

anohlga anohlgo’i unohljv’i anohlgi unohlisdi

idohlga idohlgo’i igohljv’i idohlgi igohlisdi

Verb : Ahwahtvhidoha Visiting (Him/Her)


ji’wahtvhidoha ji’wahtvhidoho’i ji’wahtvhidolv’i jiwahtvhida ji’wahtvhidasdi

hihwahtvhidoha hihwahtvhidoho’i hihwahtvhidolv’i hiwahtvhida hihwahtvhidasdi

ahwahtvhidoha ahwahtvhidoho’i uhwahtvhidolv’i ahwahtvhida uhwahtvhidasdi

anihwahtvhidoha anihwahtvhidoho’i unihwahtvhidolv’i aniwahtvhida unihwahtvhidasdi

edihwahtvhidoha edihwahtvhidoho’i edihwahtvhidolv’i ediwahtvhida edihwahtvhidasdi

Verb : Adahwahtvhidoha S/he Is Visiting


gadahwahtvhidoha gadahwahtvhidoho’i agwadahwahtvhidolv’i gadahwatvhida agwadahwahtvhidasdi

hadahwahtvhidoha hadahwahtvhidoho’i jadahwahtvhidolv’i hadahwatvhida jadahwahtvhidasdi

adahwahtvhidoha adahwahtvhidoho’i udahwahtvhidolv’i adahwatvhida udahwahtvhidasdi

anadahwahtvhidoha anadahwahtvhidoho’i unadahwahtvhidolv’i anadahwatvhida unadahwahtvhidasdi

idadahwahtvhidoha idadahwahtvhidoho’i igadahwahtvhidolv’i idadahwatvhida igadahwahtvhidasdi

Verb : Aktiya Waiting


jigatiya jigatiyo’i jigatidv’i

agi’ktidv’i jigatida

jigatidisdi

agi’ktidisdi

higatiya / hiktiya higatiyo’i / hiktiyo’i higatidv’i

ja’ktidv’i higatida / hiktida

higatidisdi

ja’ktidisdi

aktiya aktiyo’i uktidv’i aktida uktidisdi

anaktiya anaktiyo’i unaktidv’i anaktida unaktidisdi

idaktiya idaktiyo’i igaktidv’i idaktida igaktidisdi

23

Verb : Ayega Waking Up


jiyega jiyego’i agiyejv’i jiyegi agiye’isdi

hiyega hiyego’i jayejv’i hiyegi jaye’isdi

ayega ayego’i uyejv’i ayegi uye’isdi

aniyega aniyego’i uniyejv’i aniyegi uniye’isdi

idiyega idiyego’i igiyejv’i idiyegi igiye’isdi

Verb : Asuligoga Quitting


jisuligoga jisuligogo’i aksuligojv’i jisuligo’i aksuligosdi

hisuligoga hisuligogo’i tsuligojv’i hisuligo’i tsuligosdi

asuligoga asuligogo’i usuligojv’i asuligo’i usuligosdi

anisuligoga anisuligogo’i unisuligojv’i anisuligo’i unsuligosdi

idisuligoga idisuligogo’i iksuligojv’i idisuligo’i iksuligosdi

Verb : Ganugoga Exiting


jinugoga jinugogo’i aginugojv’i jinugo’i aginugisdi

hinugoga hinugogo’i janugojv’i hinugo’i janugisdi

ganugoga ganugogo’i unugojv’i ganugo’i unugisdi

aninugoga aninugogo’i uninugojv’i aninugo’i uninugisdi

idinugoga idinugogo’i iginugojv’i idinugo’i iginugisdi

Verb : Asga’i Afraid


jisga’i jisga’o’i aksgalv’i jisgaya aksgasdi

hisga’i hisga’o’i tsgalv’i hisgaya tsgasdi

asga’i asga’o’i usgalv’i asgaya usgasdi

anisga’i anisga’o’i unsgalv’i anisgaya unsgasdi

idisga’i idisga’o’i iksgalv’i idisgaya iksgasdi

24

Verb : Udvnv’isdi Willing


agwadvnv’isdi agwadvnv’isdo’i agwadvnv’isdv’i agwadvnv’isdesdi X

jadvnv’isdi jadvnv’isdo’i jadvnv’isdv’i jadvnv’isdesdi

udvnv’isdi udvnv’isdo’i udvnv’isdv’i udvnv’isdesdi

unadvnv’isdi unadvnv’isdo’i unadvnv’isdv’i unadvnv’isdesdi

igadvnv’isdi igadvn’isdo’i igadvnv’isdv’i igadvnv’isdesdi

Verb : Uwohiyuha Believe, Confident, Faith


agwohiyuha agwohiyuso’i agwohiyusv’i agwohiyusesdi X

johiyuha johiyuso’i johiyusv’i johiyusesdi

uwohiyuha uwohiyuso’i uwohiyusv’i uwohiyusesdi

unohiyuha unohiyuso’i unohiyusv’i unohiyusesdi

igohiyuha igohiyuso’i igohiyusv’i igohiyusesdi

Verb : Ganadega Selling


jindega jindego’i agindinvsv’i jinduga agindinvsdi

hinadega hinadego’i janadinvsv’i hinaduga janadinvsdi

ganadega ganedego’i unadinvsv’i ganaduga unadinvsdi

aninadega aninadego’i uninadinvsv’i aninaduga uninadinvsdi

idinadega idinadego’i idinadinvsv’i idinaduga iginadinvsdi

Verb : Atvdvhvsga Asking


jiyatvdvhvsga

gatvdvhvsga

jiyatvdvhvsgo’i

gatvdvhvsgo’i

jiyatvdvhnv’i

agwatvdvhnv’i

jiyatvdvhvga

gatvdvhvga

jiyatvtdi

agwatvtdi

hiyatvdvhvsga

hatvdvhvsga

hiyatvdvhvsgo’i

hatvdvhvsgo’i

hiyatvdvhnv’i

jatvdvhnv’i

hiyatvdvhvga

hatvdvhvga

hiyatvtdi

jatvtdi

atvdvhvsga atvdvhvsgo’i utvdvhnv’i atvdvhvga utvtdi

anatvdvhvsga anatvdvhvsgo’i unatvdvhnv’i anatvdvhvga unatvtdi

idatvdvhvsga idatvdvhvsgo’i igatvdvhnv’i idatvdvhvga igatvtdi

25

Verb : Uhnalvga Angry (Getting)


akinalvga akinalvgo’i akinalvjv’i akinalvgi akinalv’isdi

jahnalvga jahnalvgo’i jahnalvjv’i chanalvgi jahnalv’isdi

uhnalvga uhnalvgo’i uhnalvjv’i uhnalvgi uhnalv’isdi

unihnalvga unihnalvgo’i unihnalvjv’i uninalvgi unihnalv’isdi

igihnalvga igihnalvgo’i igihnalvjv’i iginalvgi igihnalv’isdi

Verb : Uhnalvha Angry


akinalvha akinalvso’i akinalvsv’i akinalvsesdi X

jahnalvha jahnalvso’i jahnalvsv’i chanalvsesdi

uhnalvha uhnalvso’i uhnalvsv’i uhnalvsesdi

unihnalvha unihnalvso’i unihnalvsv’i uninalvsesdi

igihnalvha igihnalvso’i igihnalvsv’i iginalvsesdi

Verb : Kanega Answering / Speaking


jinega jinego’i akinejv’i jinegi akihnesdi

hinega hinego’i jahnejv’i hihnegi jahnesdi

kanega kanego’i uhnejv’i kanegi uhnesdi

aninega aninego’i unihnejv’i aninegi unihnesdi

idinega idinego’i igihnejv’i idinegi igihnesdi

Verb : Gawohiliyv’a Answering, Replying


gawo’iliyv’a gawo’iliyvsgo’i agwawohiliyvsv’i gawohiliyvna agwohiliyvsdi

hawohiliyv’a hawohiliyvsgo’i jawohiliyvsv’i hawohiliyvna johiliyvsdi

gawohiliyv’a gawohiliyvsgo’i uwohiliyvsv’i awohiliyvna uwohiliyvsdi

anawohiliyv’a anawohiliyvsgo’i unawohiliyvsv’i anawohiliyvna unohiliyvsdi

idawohiliyv’a idawohiliyvsgo’i igawohiliyvsv’i idawohiliyvna igohiliyvsdi

26

Verb : Ayosdi Breaking It


jiyosdiha jiyosdiso’i agiyosdanv’i jiyosda agiyosdohdi

hiyosdiha hiyosdiso’i jayosdanv’i hiyosda jayosdohdi

ayosdiha ayosdiho’i uyosdanv’i ayosda uyosdohdi

aniyosdiha aniyosdiho’i uniyosdanv’i aniyosda uniyosdohdi

idiyosdiha idiyosdiho’i igiyosdanv’i idiyosda igiyosdohdi

Verb : Ganvgaliha Brushing / Cleaning


jinvgali’a jinvgalisgo’i aginvgalvhv’i jinvgala aginvgahldi

hinvgaliha hanvgalisgo’i janvgalvhv’i hinvgala janvgahldi

ganvgaliha ganvgalisgo’i unvgalvhv’i ganvgala unvgahldi

aninvgaliha aninvgalisgo’i uninvgalvhv’i aninvgala uninvgahldi

idinvgaliha idinvgalisgo’i iginvgalvhv’i idinvgala iginvgahldi

Verb : Asuhwisga Painting / Coloring


jisuhwisga jisuhwisgo’i aksuhwisv’i jisuhwa aksuhwisdi

hisuhwisga hisuhwisgo’i jasuhwisv’i hisuhwa jasuhwisdi

asuhwisga asuhwisgo’i usuhwisv’i asuhwa usuhwisdi

anisuhwisga anisuhwisgo’i unsuhwisv’i anisuhwa unsuhwisdi

idisuhwisga idisuhwisgo’i iksuhwisv’i idisuhwa iksuhwisdi

Verb : Adlohyiha Crying


gadloyiha gadloyiho’i agwadlohyilv’i gadlohga agwadloysdi

hadloyiha hadlohyiho’i jadlohyilv’i hadlohga jadloysdi

adlohyiha adlohyiho’i udlohyilv’i adlohga udloysdi

anadlohyiha anadlohyiho’i unadlohyilv’i anadlohga unadloysdi

idadlohyiha idadlohyiho’i igadlohyilv’i idadlohga igadloysdi

27

Verb : Dahlilosdiha Drawing / Taking a Picture


dejiyadlilosdiha

degadlilosdiha

dejiyadlilosdisgo’i

degadlilosdisgo’i

dejiyahlilostanv’i

dagwahlilostanv’i

dijiyadlilosda

digadlilosda digwahlilosdohdi

dehiyadlilosdiha

dehahlilosdiha

dehiyadlilosdisgo’i

dehahlilosdisgo’i

dehiyahlilostanv’i

dejahlilostanv’i

tiyadlilosda

tahlilosda dijahlilosdohdi

dahlilosdiha dahlilosdisgo’i duhlilostanv’i dihlilosda juhlilosdohdi

danahlilosdiha danahlilosdisgo’i dunahlilostanv’i dinahlilosda junahlilosdohdi

dedahlilosdiha dedahlilosdisgo’i degahlilostanv’i didahlilosda digahlilosdohdi

Verb : Aditasga Drinking


gaditasga gaditasgo’i agwaditahv’i gadita agwaditasdi

haditasga haditasgo’i jaditahv’i hadita jaditasdi

aditasga aditasgo’i uditahv’i adita uditasdi

anaditasga anaditasgo’i unaditahv’i anadita unaditasdi

idaditasga idaditasgo’i igaditahv’i idadita igaditasdi

Verb : Ayvhiha Entering


jiyv’i’a jiyv’i’o’i agiyvhlv’i jiyv’a agiyvsdi

hiyvhiha hiyvhiho’i jayvhlv’i hiyvha jayvsdi

ayvhiha ayvhiho’i uyvhlv’i ayvha uyvsdi

aniyvhiha aniyvhiho’i uniyvhlv’i aniyvha uniyvsdi

idiyvhiha idiyvhiho’i igiyvhlv’i idiyvha igiyvsdi

Verb : Gehloha Feeding


jiyeloha jiyeloho’i jiyelalv’i jiyeloga jiyelasdi

hiyeloha hiyeloho’i hiyelalv’i hiyeloga hiyelasdi

gehloha gehloho’i uwehlalv’i gehloga uwelsdi

anehloha anehloho’i unehlalv’i anehloga unelasdi

edehloha edehloho’i edehlalv’i edehloga edelasdi

*RC: /jiyelolv’i/ ‘I fed’

28

Verb : Asuhvsga Fishing


gasuhvsga gasuhvsgo’i aksuhnv’i gasuhvga aksuhdi

hasuhvsga hasuhvsgo’i tsuhnv’i hasuhvga tsuhdi

asuhvsga asuhvsgo’i usuhnv’i asuhvga usuhdi

anasuhvsga anasuhvsgo’i unsuhnv’i anasuhvga unsuhdi

idasuhvsga idasuhvsgo’i iksuhnv’i idasuhvga iksuhdi

Verb : Osda-Nigvneha Fixing


osda-nigvneha osda-nigvneho’i osda-nagwvnelv’i osda-nigvga osda-yagwvndi

osda-hnvneha osda-hnvneho’i osda-nijvnelv’i osda-hnvga osda-yijvndi

osda-nigvneha osda-nigvneho’i osda-nuwvnelv’i osda-nigvga osda-yuwandi

osda-nanvneha osda-nanvneho’i osda-nunvnelv’i osda-nanvga osda-yunvndi

osda-nidvneha osda-nidvneho’i osda-nigvnelv’i osda-nidvga osda-yigvndi

Verb : Ganohili Flying


jino’ili jino’ilego’i aginohilidolv’i jino’ilisv’i X

hinohili hinohilego’i janohilidolv’i hinohilvsv’i

ganohili ganohilego’i unohilidolv’i ganohilvsv’i

aninohili aninohilego’i uninohilidolv’i aninohilvsv’i

idinohili idinohilego’i iginohilidolv’i idinohilvsv’i

Verb : Adidiha Getting Up


gadidi’a gadidisgo’i agwadidvhv’i gadida agwaditdi

hadidiha hadidisgo’i jadidvhv’i hadida jaditdi

adidiha adidisgo’i udidvhv’i adida uditdi

anadidiha anadidisgo’i unadidvhv’i anadida unaditdi

idadidiha idadidisgo’i igadidvhv’i idadida igaditdi

29

Verb : Wakti Going (Specific Direction)


wijigati wijitato’i wijigatv’i wijigatesdi X

hwakti / hwigati hwakto’i / hwigato’i hwaktv’i / hwigatv’i hwiktesdi

wakti wakto’i waktv’i waktesdi

wanakti wanakto’i wanaktv’i wanaktesdi

widakti widakto’i widaktv’i widaktesdi

Verb : Ulsdahneha Happening


agwalsdahneha agwalsdahneho’i agwalsdahnelv’i agwalsdasi agwalsdahnehdi

jalsdahneha jalsdahneho’i jalsdahnelv’i jalsdasi jalsdahnehdi

ulsdahneha ulsdahneho’i ulsdahnelv’i ulsdasi ulsdahnehdi

unalsdahneha unalsdahneho’i unalsdahnelv’i unalsdasi unalsdahnehdi

igalsdahneha igalsdahneho’i igalsdahnelv’i igalsdasi igalsdahnehdi

Verb : Gansane’a Pulling


jinasane’a jinasanesgo’i aginsanesv’i jinasanagi aginsanesdi

hinasane’a

hinsane’a

hinansanesgo’i

hinsanesgo’i jansanesv’i

hinasanagi

hinsanagi jansanesdi

gansane’a gansanesgo’i unsanesv’i gansanagi unsanesdi

aninsane’a aninsanesgo’i uninsanesv’i aninsanagi uninsanesdi

idinsane’a idinsanesgo’i iginsanesv’i idinsanagi iginsanesdi

Verb : Gasadosga Pushing


jiyasadosga

jisadosga

jiyasadosgo’i

jisadosgo’i aksadohyv’i

jiyasadohya

jisadohya aksadosdi

hiyasadosga

hisadosga

hiyasadosgo’i

hisadosgo’i tsadohyv’i

hiyasadohya

hisadohya tsadosdi

gasadosga gasadosgo’i uwasadohyv’i gasadohya uwasadosdi

anisadosga anisadosgo’i unsadohyv’i anisadohya unsadosdi

idisadosga idisadosgo’i iksadohyv’i idisadohya iksadosdi

30

Verb : Dadahnese’a Conjuring


degadanese’a degadanesesgo’i dagwadahnesa’v’i digadanesaga digwadahnesesdi

dehadahnese’a dehadahnesesgo’i dejadahnesa’v’i tadahnesaga dijadahnesesdi

dadahnese’a dadahnesesgo’i dudahnesa’v’i didahnesaga judahnesesdi

danadahnese’a danadahnesesgo’i dunadahnesa’v’i dinadahnesaga junadahnesesdi

dedadahnese’a dedadahnesesgo’i degadahnesa’v’i didadahnesaga digadahnesesdi

Verb : Ahyoha Looking for Him


jiyoha jiyoho’i jiyalv’i jiyga jiysdi

hihyoha hihyoho’i hiyalv’i hiyhga hiysdi

ahyoha ahyoho’i uhyalv’i ayhga uysdi

anihyoha anihyoho’i unihyalv’i aniyhga uniysdi

edihyoha edihyoho’i edihyalv’i ediyhga ediysdi

Verb : Uhyoha Looking for It


agihyoha agihyoho’i agihyalv’i agiyhga agiysdi

jahyhoha jahyoho’i jahyalv’i jayhga jaysdi

uhyoha uhyoho’i uhyalv’i uyhga uysdi

unihyoha unihyoho’i unihyalv’i uniyhga uniysdi

igihyoha igihyoho’i igihyalv’i igiyhga igiysdi

Verb : Gute’a Picking Him/It Up


jiyute’a

gute’a

jiyutesgo’i

gutesgo’i

jiyutesv’i

agwutesv’i

jiyutagi

gutagi

jiyutesdi

agwutesdi

hiyute’a

hute’a

hiyutesgo’i

hutesgo’i

hiyutesv’i

jutesv’i

hiyutagi

hutagi

hiyutesdi

jutesdi

gute’a gutesgo’i uwutesv’i gutagi uwutesdi

anute’a anutesgo’i unutesv’i anutagi unutesdi

idute’a idutesgo’i igutesv’i idutagi igutesdi

31

Verb : Gvhniha Hitting Him/It


jiyvniha

gvniha

jiyvniho’i

gvniho’i

jiyvnilv’i

agwvhnilv’i

jiyvniga

gvniga

jiyansdi

agwvnsdi

hiyvhniha

hvhniha

hiyvhniho’i

hvhniho’i

hiyvhnilv’i

jvhnilv’i

hiyvniga

hvnhga

hiyvnsdi

jvnsdi

gvhniha gvhniho’i uwahnilv’i gvnhga uwansdi

anvhniha anvhniho’i unvhnilv’i anvnhga unvnsdi

idvhniha idvhniho’i igvhnilv’i idvnhga igvnsdi

Verb : Udega Throwing It


agwadega agwadego’i agwadinvsv’i agwaduga agwadinvdi

jadega jadego’i jadinvsv’i jaduga jadinvdi

udega udego’i udinvsv’i uduga udinvdi

unadega unadego’i unadinvsv’i unaduga unadinvdi

igadega igadego’i igadinvsv’i igaduga igadinvdi

Verb : Asgwahle’a Catching It


jisgwahle’a jisgwahlesgo’i aksgwahlesv’i jisgwahlagi aksgwahlesdi

hisgwahle’a hisgwahlesgo’i tsgwahlesv’i hisgwahlagi tsgwahlesdi

asgwahle’a asgwahlesgo’i usgwahlesv’i asgwahlagi usgwahlesdi

anisgwahle’a anisgwahlesgo’i unisgwahlesv’i anisgwahlagi unisgwahlesdi

idisgwahle’a idisgwahlesgo’i iksgwahlesv’i idisgwahlagi iksgwahlesdi

Verb : Nani’a There Are (#)

Present Tense Habitual Tense Completive Past Immediate Pronoun Form

nosdi’a nosdi’o’i X nosdi’esdi There Are (2) of Us

noji’a noji’o’i noji’esdi There Are (#) of Us

nisdi’a nisdi’o’i nisdi’esdi There Are (2) of You

niji’a niji’o’i niji’esdi There Are (#) of You

nani’a nani’o’i nani’esdi There Are (#) of Them

32

Verb : Ayoliha Greeting Him/Her


jiyoliha jiyoliho’i jiyolilv’i jiyoliga jiyolisdi

hiyoliha hiyoliho’i hiyolilv’i hiyoliga hiyolisdi

ayoliha ayoliho’i uyolilv’i ayoliga uyolisdi

aniyoliha aniyoliho’i uniyolilv’i aniyoliga uniyolisdi

ediyoliha ediyoliho’i ediyolilv’i ediyoliga ediyolisdi

Verb : Goseha Saying to Him/Her


jiyoseha jiyoseho’i jiyoselv’i jiyosi jiyosehdi

hiyoseha hiyoseho’i hiyoselv’i hiyosi hiyosehdi

goseha goseho’i uwoselv’i gosi uwosehdi

anoseha anoseho’i unoselv’i anosi unosehdi

edoseha edoseho’i edoselv’i edosi edosehdi

Verb : Gawehliha Joking / Teasing


jiwehliha jiwehlisgo’i agiwehlvhnv’i jiwehlvha agiwehlvhdi

hiwehliha hiwehlisgo’i jawehlvhnv’i hiwehlvha jawehlvhdi

gawehliha gawehlisgo’i uwehlvhnv’i gawehlvha uwehlvhdi

aniwehliha aniwehlisgo’i uniwehlvhnv’i aniwehlvha uniwehlvhdi

idiwehliha idiwehlisgo’i igiwehlvhnv’i idiwehlvha igiwehlvhdi

Verb : Ayohusga Dying (S/he)


jiyo’usga jiyo’usgo’i jiyo’usv’i jiyo’uhi agiyohuhisdi

hiyohusga hiyohusgo’i hiyohusv’i hiyohuhi jayohuhisdi

ayohusga ayohusgo’i uyohusv’i ayohuhi uyohuhisdi

aniyohusga aniyohusgo’i uniyohusv’i aniyohuhi uniyohusdi

idiyohusga idiyohusgo’i igiyohusv’i idiyohuhi igiyohusdi

33

Verb : Galuloga Lacking / Missing (It is)


jiluloga jilulogo’i agilulojv’i jilulogi agilulosdi

hiluloga hilulogo’i jalulojv’i hilulogi jalulosdi

galuloga galulogo’i ululojv’i galulogi ululosdi

aniluloga anilulogo’i unilulojv’i anilulogi unilulosdi

idiluloga idilugo’i igilulojv’i idilulogi igilulosdi

Verb : Galosga Passing By / Passing It (Like a Test)


jilosga jilosgo’i agilosv’i jilohi agilohisdi

hilosga hilosgo’i jalosv’i hilohi jalohisdi

galosga galosgo’i ulosv’i galohi ulohisdi

anilosga anilosgo’i unilosv’i anilohi unilohisdi

idilosga idilosgo’i igilosv’i idilohi igilohisdi

Verb : Galonuheha Cheating


jilonu’eha jilonu’esgo’i agilonuhehlv’i jilonu’vla agilonuhehdi

hilonuheha hilonuhesgo’i jalonuhehlv’i hilonuhvla jalonuhehdi

galonuheha galonuhesgo’i ulonuhehlv’i galonuhvla ulonuhehdi

anilonuheha anilonuhesgo’i unilonuhehlv’i anilonuhvla unilonuhehdi

idilonuheha idilonuhesgo’i igilonuhehlv’i idilonuhvla igilonuhehdi

Verb : Ganvdi’a Missing (Him/It)


jinvdi’a jinvdisgo’i jinvdv’i

aginvdv’i jinvda

jinvdisdi

aginvdisdi

hinvdi’a hinvdisgo’i hinvdv’i

janvdv’i hinvda

hinvdisdi

janvdisdi

ganvdi’a ganvdisgo’i unvdv’i ganvda unvdisdi

aninvdi’a aninvdisgo’i uninvdv’i aninvda uninvdisdi

idinvdi’a idinvdisgo’i iginvdv’i idinvda iginvdisdi

34

Verb : Gvhnisdiha Cooking (A Food)


gvnisdiha gvnisdisgo’i agwvhnistanv’i gvnisda agwvhnisdohdi

hvhnisdiha hvhnisdisgo’i jvhnistanv’i hvhnisda jvhnisdohdi

gvhnisdiha gvhnisdisgo’i uwahnistanv’i gvhnisda uwahnisdohdi

anvhnisdiha anvhnisdisgo’i unvhnistanv’i anvhnisda unvhnisdohdi

idvhnisdiha idvhnisdisgo’i igvhnistanv’i idvhnisda igvhnisdohdi

Verb : Uwelihi’a Worried / Anxious


agwelihi’a agwelihisgo’i agwelihisgv’i agwelihisgesdi agwelihisdi

jelihi’a jelihisgo’i jelihisgv’i jelihisgesdi jelihisdi

uwelihi’a uwelihisgo’i uwelihisgv’i uwelihisgesdi uwelihisdi

unelihi’a unelihisgo’i unelihisgv’i unelihisgesdi unelihisdi

igelihi’a igelihisgo’i igelihisgv’i igelihisgesdi igelihisdi

*hlesdi yijelihisgesdi ‘don’t worry’

Verb : Uyohuse’a Losing Something (Thing)


agiyohuse’a agiyohuseho’i agiyohuselv’i agiyohusi agiyohusehdi

jayohuse’a jayohuseho’i jayohuselv’i jayohusi jayohusehdi

uyohuse’a uyohuseho’i uyohuselv’i uyohusi uyohusehdi

uniyohuse’a uniyohuseho’i uniyohuselv’i uniyohusi uniyohusehdi

igiyohuse’a igiyohuseho’i igiyohuselv’i igiyohusi igiyohusehdi

Verb : Adatlosga Winning


gadatlosga gadatlosgo’i agwadatlosv’i gadatlohi agwadatlohisdi

hadatlosga hadatlosgo’i jadatlosv’i hadatlohi jadatlohisdi

adatlosga adatlosgo’i udatlosv’i adatlohi udatlohisdi

an(a)datlosga an(a)datlosgo’i un(a)datlosv’i an(a)datlohi un(a)datlohisdi

idadatlosga idadatlosgo’i igadatlosv’i idadatlohi igadatlohisdi

35

Verb : Unohyvhga Sound (It is making)


aginohyvhga aginohyvhgo’i aginohyvlsv’i aginohyvla aginohyvhlisdi

janohyvhga janohyvhgo’i janohyvlsv’i janohyvla janohyvhlisdi

unohyvhga unohyvhgo’i unohyvlsv’i unohyvla unohyvhlisdi

uninohyvhga uninohyvhgo’i uninohyvlsv’i uninohyvla uninohyvhlisdi

iginohyvhga iginohyvhgo’i iginohyvlsv’i iginohyvla iginohyvhlisdi

Verb : Alkisohdi Practicing


galikisohdi galikisohdiho’i agwalkisohtanv’i galikisohda agwalkisohdohdi

halkisohdi halkisohdiho’i jalkisohtanv’i halkisohda jalkisohdohdi

alkisohdi alkisohdiho’i ulkisohtanv’i alkisohda ulkisohdohdi

analkisohdi analkisohdiho’i unalkisohtanv’i analkisohda unalkisohdohdi

idalkisohdi idalkisohdiho’i igalkisohtanv’i idalkisohda igalkisohdohdi

dvnalkisohtani ‘they will practice’

Verb : Ahlinohehdi Talking To, Speaking With


jilinohehdi jilinohehdisgo’i jilinohehtanv’i jilinohehda jilinohehdohdi

hilinohehdi hilinohehdisgo’i hilinohetanv’i hilinohehda hilinohehdohdi

ahlinohehdi ahlinohehdisgo’i uhlinohetanv’i ahlinohehda uhlinohehdohdi

anahlinohehdi anahlinohehdisgo’i unahlinohetanv’i anahlinohehda unahlinohehdohdi

edahlinohehdi edahlinohehdisgo’i edahlinohetanv’i edahlinohehda edahlinohehdohdi

Verb : Dasehiha Counting


degasehiha degasehiho’i dagwasehlv’i digasega digwasesdi

dehasehiha dehasehiho’i dejasehlv’i tasega dijasesdi

dasehiha dasehiho’i dusehlv’i disega jusesdi

danasehiha danasehiho’i dunasehlv’i dinasega junasesdi

dedasehiha dedasehiho’i degasehlv’i didasega digasesdi

36

Verb : Adadolisdiha Praying


gadadolisdiha gadadolisdisgo’i agwadadolistanv’i gadadolisda agwadadolisdohdi

hadadolisdiha hadadolisdisgo’i jadadolistanv’i hadadolisda jadadolisdohdi

adadolisdiha adadolisdisgo’i udadolistanv’i adadolisda udadolisdohdi

anadadolisdiha anadadolisdisgo’i unadadolistanv’i anadadolisda unadadolisdohdi

idadadolisdiha idadadolisdisgo’i igadadolistanv’i idadadolisda igadadolisdohdi

Verb : Adahyiha Denying


jiyadayiha

gadayiha

jiyadayiho’i

gadayiho’i

jiyadayilv’i

agwadahyilv’i

jiyadayiga

gadayhga

jiyadayisdi

agwadayhsdi

hiyadayiha

hadayiha

hiyadayiho’i

hadayiho’i

hiyadayilv’i

jadahyilv’i

hiyadayiga

hadayhga

hiyadayisdi

jadayhsdi

adahyiha adahyiho’i udahyilv’i adayhga udayhsdi

anadahyiha anadahyiho’i unadahyilv’i anadayhga unadayhsdi

idadahyiha idadahyiho’i igadahyilv’i idadayhga igadayhsdi

Verb : Adanedliyv’a Changing


gadanedliyv’a gadanedliyvsgo’i agwadanedliyvsv’i gadanedliyvna agwadanedliyvsdi

hadanedliyv’a hadanedliyvsgo’i jadanedliyvsv’i hadanedliyvna jadanedliyvsdi

adanedliyv’a adanedliyvsgo’i udanedliyvsv’i adanedliyvna udanedliyvsdi

anadanedliyv’a anadanedliyvsgo’i unadanedliyvsv’i anadanedliyvna unadanedliyvsdi

idadanedliyv’a idadanedliyvsgo’i igadanedliyvsv’i idadanedliyvna igadanedliyvsdi

Verb : Adanedliyvsdiha Taking Turns, Change


gadanedliyvsdiha gadanedliyvsdisgo’i agwadanedliyvstanv’i gadanedliyvsda agwadanedliyvsdohdi

hadanedliyvsdiha hadanedliyvsdisgo’i jadanedliyvstanv’i hadanedliyvsda jadanedliyvsdohdi

adanedliyvsdiha adanedliyvsdisgo’i udanedliyvstanv’i adanedliyvsda udanedliyvsdohdi

anadanedliyvsdiha anadanedliyvsdisgo’i unadanedliyvstanv’i anadanedliyvsda unadanedliyvsdohdi

idadanedliyvsdiha idadanedliyvsdisgo’i igadanedliyvstanv’i idadanedliyvsda igadanedliyvsdohdi

37

Verb : Adanhtehilo’a Pondering, Considering


gadanvtehilo’a gadanhtehilosgo’i agwadanhtehilo’v’i gadanhtehiloja agwadanhtehilosdi

hadanvtehilo’a hadanhtehilosgo’i jadanhtehilo’v’i hadanhtehiloja jadanhtehilosdi

adanvtehilo’a adanhtehilosgo’i udanhtehilo’v’i adanhtehiloja udanhtehilosdi

anadanvtehilo’a anadanhtehilosgo’i unadanhtehilo’v’i anadanhtehiloja unadanhtehilosdi

idadanvtehilo’a idadanhtehilosgo’i igadanhtehilo’v’i idadanhtehiloja igadanhtehilosdi

Verb : Adansini Crawling


gadanasini gadanasinego’i agwadansinvsv’i gadanasinuga agwadansinvsdi

hadansini hadansinego’i jadansinvsv’i hadansinuga jadansinvsdi

adansini adansinego’i udansinvsv’i adansinuga udansinvsdi

anadansini anadansinego’i unadansinvsv’i anadansinuga unadansinvsdi

idadansini idadansinego’i igadansinvsv’i idadansinuga igadansinvsdi

Verb : Ada’nv’a Moving


gada’nv’a gada’nvsgo’i agwada’nvsv’i gada’nvna agwada’nvsdi

hada’nv’a hada’nvsgo’i jada’nvsv’i hada’nvna jada’nvsdi

ada’nv’a ada’nvsgo’i uda’nvsv’i ada’nvna uda’nvsdi

anada’nv’a anada’nvsgo’i unada’nvsv’i anada’nvna unada’nvsdi

idada’nv’a idada’nvsgo’i igada’nvsv’i idada’nvna igada’nvsdi

Verb : Adanvsga Ordering


gadanvsga gadanvsgo’i agwadanvsv’i gadanvla agwadanvsdi

hadanvsga hadanvsgo’i jadanvsv’i hadanvla jadanvsdi

adanvsga adanvsgo’i udanvsv’i adanvla udanvsdi

anadanvsga anadanvsgo’i unadanvsv’i anadanvla unadanvsdi

idadanvsga idadanvsgo’i igadanvsv’i idadanvla igadanvsdi

38

Verb : Kanvwi’a Curing, Doctoring / Soldering, Welding


jinvwi’a jinvwisgo’i akinvwanv’i jinvwvga akinvwodi

hinvwi’a hinvwisgo’i jahnvwanv’i hinvwvga / hihnvwvga jahnvwodi

kanvwi’a kanvwisgo’i uhnvwanv’i kahnvwvga uhnvwodi

aninvwi’a aninvwisgo’i unihnvwanv’i anihnvwvga unihnvwodi

idinvwi’a idinvwisgo’i igihnvwanv’i idihnvwvga igihnvwodi

Verb : Uwehisdaneha Aching, Hurting


agwehisdaneha agwehisdaneho’i agwehisdanelv’i agwehisdasi agwehisdanehdi

jehisdaneha jehisdaneho’i jehisdanelv’i jehisdasi jehisdanehdi

uwehisdaneha uwehisdaneho’i uwehisdanelv’i uwehisdasi uwehisdanehdi

unehisdaneha unehisdaneho’i unehisdanelv’i unehisdasi unehisdanehdi

igehisdaneha igehisdaneho’i igehisdanelv’i igehisdasi igehisdanehdi

Verb : Udiwsga Getting Well


agwadiwsga agwadiwsgo’i agwadiwsv’i agwadihwi agwadihwisdi

jadiwsga jadiwsgo’i jadiwsv’i jadihwi jadihwisdi

udiwsga udiwsgo’i udiwsv’i udihwi udihwisdi

unadiwsga unadiwsgo’i unadiwsv’i unadihwi unadihwisdi

igadiwsga igadiwsgo’i igadiwsv’i igadihwi igadihwisdi

Verb : Dalehisiha Recuperating


degale’isiha degalehisisgo’i dagwalehisahnv’i digalehisa digwalehisohdi

dehale’isiha dehalehisisgo’i dejalehisahnv’i talehisa dijalehisohdi

dale’isiha dalehisisgo’i dulehisahnv’i dilehisa julehisohdi

danale’isiha danalehisisgo’i dunalehisahnv’i dinalehisa junalehisohdi

dedale’isiha dedalehisisgo’i degalehisahnv’i didalehisa digalehisohdi

39

Verb : Atolsdiha Loaning


jiyatolsdiha jiyatolsdisgo’i jiyatolstanv’i jiyatolsda jiyatolsdohdi

hiyatolsdiha hiyatolsdisgo’i hiyatolstanv’i hiyatolsda hiyatolsdohdi

atolsdiha atolsdisgo’i utolstanv’i atolsda utolsdohdi

anatolsdiha anatolsdisgo’i unatolstanv’i anatolsda unatolsdohdi

idatolsdiha idatolsdisgo’i igatolstanv’i idatolsda igatolsdohdi

Verb : Atolsga Borrowing


gatolsga gatolsgo’i agwatolsv’i gatola agwatohlisdi

hatolsga hatolsgo’i jatolsv’i hatola jatohlisdi

atolsga atolsgo’i utolsv’i atola utohlisdi

anatolsga anatolsgo’i unatolsv’i anatola unatohlisdi

idatolsga idatolsgo’i igatolsv’i idatola igatohlisdi

Verb : Atsgo’vsga Lying


gajisgo’vsga gajisgo’vsgo’i agwatsgonv’i gajisgo’vga agwatsgodi

hatsgo’vsga hatsgo’vsgo’i jatsgonv’i hatsgo’vga jatsgodi

atsgo’vsga atsgo’vsgo’i utsgonv’i atsgo’vga utsgodi

anatsgo’vsga anatsgo’vsgo’i unatsgonv’i anatsgo’vga unatsgodi

idatsgo’vsga idatsgo’vsgo’i igatsgonv’i idatsgo’vga igatsgodi

Verb : Atu’isdiha Promising


jitu’isdiha jitu’isdisgo’i aktu’istanv’i jitu’isda aktu’isdohdi

hitu’isdiha hitu’isdisgo’i tstu’istanv’i hitu’isda tstu’isdohdi

atu’isdiha atu’isdisgo’i utu’istanv’i atu’isda utu’isdohdi

anitu’isdiha anitu’isdisgo’i untu’istanv’i anitu’isda untu’isdohdi

iditu’isdiha iditu’isdisgo’i iktu’istanv’i iditu’isda iktu’isdohdi

40

Verb : Ayohiha Shooting


jiyo’iha jiyo’iho’i agiyohlv’i jiyo’a agiyosdi

hiyohiha hiyohiho’i jayohlv’i hiyo’a / hiyoha jayosdi

ayohiha ayohiho’i uyohlv’i ayoha uyosdi

aniyohiha aniyohiho’i uniyohlv’i aniyoha uniyosdi

idiyohiha idiyohiho’i igiyohlv’i idiyoha igiyosdi

*Person forms for “I” and “You” have long vowels, inanimate have short initial

Verb : Dadayosga Giving Up


degadayosga degadayosgo’i dagwadayosv’i digadayohi digwadayohisdi

dahadayosga dehadayosgo’i dejadayosv’i tadayohi dijadayohisdi

dadayosga dadayosgo’i dudayosv’i didayohi judayohisdi

danadayosga danadayosgo’i dunadayosv’i dinadayohi junadayohisdi

dedadayosga dedadayosgo’i degadayosv’i didadayohi digadayohisdi

Verb : Eha Lives (Resides)


ge’a ge’o’i x gehesdi x

heha heho’i hehesdi

eha eho’i ehesdi

aneha aneho’i anehesdi

ideha ideho’i idehesdi

*Sample sentence uses /ehv/ for ‘he lived (there)’

Verb : Uneguja Mean


agineguja aginegujo’i aginegujv’i aginegujesdi x

janeguja janegujo’i janegujv’i janegujesdi

uneguja unegujo’i unegujv’i unegujesdi

unineguja uninegujo’i uninegujv’i uninegujesdi

igineguja iginegujo’i iginegujv’i iginegujesdi

41

Verb : Dakanehiha Tying


dejiganehiha dejiganehiho’i dagikanehlv’i dijiganega digijihlusdi

dehikanehiha deihikanehiho’i dejakanehlv’i tikanega dijajihlusdi

dakanehiha dakanehiho’i dukanehlv’i dikanega jujihlusdi

danikanehiha danikanehiho’i dunikanehlv’i dinikanega junijihlusdi

dedikanehiha dedikanehiho’i degikanehlv’i didikanega digijihlusdi

*EJ was unsure of the Infinitive Form

Verb : Dakanedliyv’a Untying


dejiganedliyv’a dejiganedliyvsgo’i dagikanedlihyvsv’i dijiganeya digikanehyohdi

dehikanedliyv’a dehikanedliyvsgo’i dejakanedlihyvsv’i tikanehya dijakanehyohdi

dakanedliyv’a dakanedliyvsgo’i dukanedlihyvsv’i dikanehya jukanehyohdi

danikanedliyv’a danikanedliyvsgo’i dunikanedlihyvsv’i dinikanehya dunikanehyohdi

dedikanedliyv’a dedikanedliyvsgo’i degikanedlihyvsv’i didikanehya digikanehyohdi

Verb : Gohlvsga Full, Getting


golvsga golvsgo’i agwohlvsv’i golvhi agwohlvhisdi

hohlvsga hohlvsgo’i johlvsv’i hohlvhi johlvhisdi

gohlvsga gohlvsgo’i uwohlvsv’i gohlvhi uwohlvhisdi

anohlvsga anohlvsgo’i unohlvsv’i anohlvhi unohlvhisdi

idohlvsga idohlvsgo’i igohlvsv’i idohlvhi igohlvhisdi

Verb : Guhilo’a Washing It


gu’ilo’a gu’ilosgo’i agwuhilo’v’i gu’iloja agwuhilosdi

huhilo’a huhilosgo’i juhilo’v’i huhiloja juhilosdi

guhilo’a guhilosgo’i uwuhilo’v’i guhiloja uwuhilosdi

anuhilo’a anuhilosgo’i unuhilo’v’i anuhiloja unuhilosdi

iduhilo’a iduhilosgo’i iguhilo’v’i iduhiloja iguhilosdi

42

Verb : Ga’lega Climbing


jilega jilego’i agilvsv’i jiluga agilvsdi

hi’lega hi’lego’i ja’lvsv’i hi’luga ja’lvsdi

ga’lega ga’lego’i ulvsv’i ga’luga ulvsdi

ani’lega ani’lego’i uni’lvsv’i ani’luga un’ilvsdi

idi’lega idi’lego’i igi’lvsv’i idi’luga igi’lvsdi

*See if EJ use /’/ on any of these forms

Verb : Galonasdiha Bluffing, Deceiving, Tricking (Him/Her)


jilonasdiha jilonasdisgo’i jilonastanv’i jilonasda jilonasdohdi

hilonasdiha hilonasdisgo’i hilonastanv’i hilonasda hilonasdohdi

galonasdiha galonasdisgo’i ulonastanv’i galonasda ulonasdohdi

anilonasdiha anilonasdisgo’i unilonastanv’i anilonasda unilonasdohdi

edilonasdiha edilonasdisgo’i edilonastanv’i edilonasda edilonasdohdi

Verb : Daniyelisga Adjourning


dosdiyelisga dosdiyelisgo’i doginiyelisv’i josdiyelihi joginiyelihisdi

dojiyelisga dojiyelisgo’i dogiyelisv’i jojiyelihi jogiyelihisdi

daniyelisga daniyelisgo’i duniyelisv’i diniyelisdi juniyelihisdi

desdiyelisga desdiyelisgo’i desdiyelisv’i disdiyelihi disdiyelihisdi

dejiyelisga dejiyelisgo’i dejiyelisv’i dijiyelihi dijiyelihisdi

Verb : Ahljadohvsga Preaching


galijadohvsga galijadohvsgo’i agwahljadohnv’i galijadohvga agwahljatdi

hahljadohvsga hahljadohvsgo’i jahljadohnv’i hahljadohvga jahljatdi

ahljadohvsga ahljadohvsgo’i uhljadohnv’i ahljadohvga uhljatdi

anahljadohvsga anahljadohvsgo’i unahljadohnv’i anahljadohvga unahljatdi

idahljadohvsga idahljadohvsgo’i igahljadohnv’i idahljadohvga igahljatdi

43

Verb : Ahyvhte’a Kicking (Him/It)


jiyayhte’a

gayvhte’a

jiyayhtesgo’i

gayvhtesgo’i

jiyayhtesv’i

agwahyvhtesv’i

jiyayhtagi

gayvhtagi

jiyayhtesdi

agwahyvhtesdi

hiyayvhte’a

hayvhte’a

hiyahyvhtesgo’i

hahyvhtesgo’i

hiyahyvhtesv’i

jahyvhtesv’i

hiyayhtagi

hahyvhtagi

hiyahyvhtesdi

jahyvhtesdi

ayvhte’a ahyvhtesgo’i uhyvhtesv’i ahyvhtagi uhyvhtesdi

anayvhte’a anahyvhtesgo’i unahyvhtesv’i anahyvhtagi unahyvhtesdi

idayvhte’a idahyvhtesgo’i igahyvhtesv’i idahyvhtagi igahyvhtesdi

Verb : Ahiha Killing (Him/It)


ji’iha ji’iho’i jihlv’i

agihlv’i jiluga

jihisdi

agihisdi

hihiha hihiho’i hihlv’i

jahlv’i hiluga

hihisdi

jahisdi

ahiha ahiho’i uhlv’i aluga uhisdi

anihiha anihiho’i unihlv’i aniluga unihisdi

idihiha idihiho’i igihlv’i idiluga igihisdi

Verb : Aneladi’a Married, S/he is Getting


ganeladi’a ganeladisgo’i agwaneladv’i ganelada agwaneladisdi

haneladi’a haneladisgo’i janeladv’i hanelada janeladisdi

aneladi’a aneladisgo’i uneladv’i anelada uneladisdi

ananeladi’a ananeladisgo’i unaneladv’i ananelada unaneladisdi

idaneladi’a idaneladisgo’i iganeladv’i idanelada iganeladisdi

Verb : Usvhiha Going to Bed


aksvhiha aksvhiho’i aksvhlv’i aksvha aksvsdi

tsvhiha tsvhiho’i tsvhlv’i tsvha tsvsdi

usvhiha usvhiho’i usvhlv’i usvha usvsdi

un(i)svhiha un(i)svhiho’i un(i)svhlv’i un(i)svha un(i)svsdi

iksvhiha iksvhiho’i iksvhlv’i iksvha iksvsdi

44

Verb : Asuye’a Choosing (Him/It)


jiyasuye’a

gasuye’a

jiyasuyesgo’i

gasuyesgo’i

jiyasuyesv’i

agwasuyesv’i

jiyasuyagi

gasuyagi

jiyasuyesdi

agwasuyesdi

hiyasuye’a

hasuye’a

hiyasuyesgo’i

hasuyesgo’i

hiyasuyesv’i

jasuyesv’i

hiyasuyagi

hasuyagi

hiyasuyesdi

jasuyesdi

asuye’a asuyesgo’i usuyesv’i asuyagi usuyesdi

anasuye’a anasuyesgo’i unasuyesv’i anasuyagi unasuyesdi

idasuye’a idasuyesgo’i igasuyesv’i idasuyagi igasuyesdi

Verb : Akehega Chasing (Him/It)


jikehega jikehego’i jikehvsv’i

agikehvsv’i jikehuga

jikehvsdi

agikehvsdi

hikehega hikehego’i hikehvsv’i

jakehvsv’i hikehuga

hikehvsdi

jakehvsdi

akehega akehego’i ukehvsv’i akehuga ukehvsdi

anikehega anikehego’i unikehvsv’i anikehuga unikehvsdi

idikehega idikehego’i igikehvsv’i idikehuga igikehvsdi

Verb : Ga’niyiha Catching/Arresting (Him/It)


jiniyiha

ji’niyiha

jiniyisgo’i

ji’niyisgo’i

jiniyvhv’i

agi’yvhv’i

jiniya

ji’niya

jiniyhdi

agi’niyhdi

hiniyiha

hi’niyiha

hiniyisgo’i

hi’niyisgo’i

hiniyvhv’i

ja’niyvhv’i

hiniya

hi’niya

hiniyhdi

ja’niyhdi

ga’niyiha ga’niyisgo’i uniyvsv’i ga’niya uniyhdi

ani’niyiha ani’niyisgo’i uni’niyvsv’i ani’niya uni’niyhdi

idi’niyiha idi’niyisgo’i igi’niyvsv’i idi’niya igi’niyhdi

Verb : Degukdiha Deciding


degugodiha degugodisgo’i dagwuktanv’i digugoda digwukdohdi

dehugodiha dehugodisgo’i dejuktanv’i tukda dijukdohdi

degukdiha degukdisgo’i duwuktanv’i digukda juwukdohdi

danukdiha danukdisgo’i dunuktanv’i dinukda junukdohdi

dedukdiha dedukdisgo’i deguktanv’i didukda digukdohdi

45

Verb : Ganosgi’a Stealing


jinosgi’a jinosgisgo’i aginosgisv’i jinosgi aginosgisdi

hinosgi’a hinosgisgo’i janosgisv’i hinosgi janosgisdi

ganosgi’a ganosgisgo’i unosgisv’i ganosgi unosgisdi

aninosgi’a aninosgisgo’i uninosgisv’i aninosgi uninosgisdi

idinosgi’a idinosgisgo’i iginosgisv’i idinosgi iginosgisdi

Verb : Ukwolega No Luck at Hunting


agikwolega agikwolego’i agikwolvsv’i agikwoluga agikwolvsdi

jakwolega jakwolego’i jakwolvsv’i jakwoluga jakwolvsdi

ukwolega ukwolego’i ukwolvsv’i ukwoluga ukwolvsdi

unikwolega unikwolego’i unikwolvsv’i unikwoluga unikwolvsdi

igikwolega igikwolego’i igikwolvsv’i igikwoluga igikwolvsdi

Verb : Alsgi’a Dancing


galisgi’a galisgisgo’i agwalsgisv’i galisgi agwalsgisdi

halsgi’a halsgisgo’i jalsgisv’i halsgi jalsgisdi

alsgi’a alsgisgo’i ulsgisv’i alsgi ulsgisdi

analsgi’a analsgisgo’i unalsgisv’i analsgi unalsgisdi

idalsgi’a idalsgisgo’i igalsgisv’i idalsgi igalsgisdi

Verb : Asvhniha Touching (Him/It)


jiyasvhniha

gasvhniha

jiyasvhniho’i

gasvhniho’i

jiyasvhnilv’i

agwasvhnilv’i

jiyasvnhga

gasvnhga

jiyasvnsdi

agwasvnsdi

hiyasvhniha

hasvhniha

hiyasvhniho’i

hasvhniho’i

hiyasvhnilv’i

jasvhnilv’i

hiyasvnhga

hasvnhga

hiyasvnsdi

jasvnsdi

asvhniha asvhniho’i usvhnilv’i asvnhga usvnsdi

anasvhniha anasvhniho’i unasvhnilv’i anasvnhga unasvnsdi

idasvhniha idasvhniho’i igasvhnilv’i idasvnhga igasvnsdi

46

Verb : Udetiyiha S/he’s Having a Birthday


agwadetiyiha agwadetiyisgo’i agwadetiyvhv’i agwadetiya agwadetiyhdi

jadetiyiha jadetiyisgo’i jadetiyvhv’i jadetiya jadetiyhdi

udetiyiha udetiyisgo’i udetiyvhv’i udetiya udetiyhdi

unadetiyiha unadetiyisgo’i unadetiyvhv’i unadetiya unadetiyhdi

igadetiyiha igadetiyisgo’i igadetiyvhv’i igadetiya igadetiyhdi

Verb : Atsde’a Biting


gajisde’a gajisdesgo’i agwatsdesv’i gajisdagi agwatsdesdi

hatsde’a hatsdesgo’i jatsdesv’i hatsdagi jatsdesdi

atsde’a atsdesgo’i utsdesv’i atsdagi utsdesdi

anatsde’a anatsdesgo’i unatsdesv’i anatsdagi unatsdesdi

idatsde’a idatsdesgo’i igatsdesv’i idatsdagi igatsdesdi

Verb : Ujetsdi Grinning


agwajetsdi agwajetsdo’i agwajetsdv’i agwajetsda agwajetsdohdi

jajetsdi jajetsdo’i jajetsdv’i hajetsda / jajetsda jajetsdohdi

ujetsdi ujetsdo’i ujetsdv’i ajetsda / ujetsda ujetsdohdi

unajetsdi unajetsdo’i unajetsdv’i anajetsda / unajetsda unajetsdohdi

igajetsdi igajetsdo’i igajetsdv’i idajetsda / igajetsda igajetsdohdi

Verb : Atvdasdiha Listening to Him/It (61)


jiyatvdasdiha

gatvdasdiha

jiyatvdasdisgo’i

hatvdasdisgo’i

jiyatvdastanv’i

agwatvdastanv’i

jiyatvdasda

gatvdasda

jiyatvdasdohdi

agwatvdasdohdi

hiyatvdasdiha

hatvdasdiha

hiyatvdasdisgo’i

hatvdasdisgo’i

hiyatvdastanv’i

jatvdastanv’i

hiyatvdasda

hatvdasda

hiyatvdasdohdi

jatvdasdohdi

atvdasdiha atvdasdisgo’i utvdastanv’i atvdasda utvdasdohdi

anatvdasdiha anatvdasdisgo’i unatvdastanv’i anatvdasda unatvdasdohdi

idatvdasdiha idatvdasdisgo’i igatvdastanv’i idatvdasda igatvdasdohdi

47

Verb : Asaladi’a Raising/Lifting


jisaldi’a jisaldisgo’i aksaldanv’i jisaldvga aksaldodi

hisaladi’a hisaladisgo’i tsaladanv’i hisaladvga tsaladodi

asaladi’a asaladisgo’i usaladanv’i asaladvga usaladodi

anisaladi’a anisaladisgo’i unisaladanv’i anisaladvga unisaladodi

idisaladi’a idisaladisgo’i iksaladanv’i idisaladvga iksaladodi

Verb : Ugohniyoga Late


agigohniyoga agigohniyogo’i agigohniyojv’i agigohniyogi agigohniyosdi

jagohniyoga jagohniyogo’i jagohniyojv’i jagohniyogi jagohniyosdi

ugohniyoga ugohniyogo’i ugohniyojv’i ugohniyogi ugohniyosdi

unigohniyoga unigohniyogo’i unigohniyojv’i unigohniyogi unigohniyosdi

igigohniyoga igigohniyogo’i igigohniyojv’i igigohniyogi igigohniyosdi

Verb : Gaduhvsga Baking (93)


jiduhvsga jiduhvsgo’i agiwaduhnv’i jiduhvga agiwatdi

hiduhvsga hiduhvsgo’i jawaduhnv’i hiduhvga jawatdi

gaduhvsga gaduhvsgo’i uwaduhnv’i gaduhvga uwatdi

aniduhvsga aniduhvsgo’i uniwaduhnv’i aniduhvga uniwatdi

ididuhvsga ididuhvsgo’i igiwaduhnv’i ididuhvga igiwatdi

Verb : Udlanvda’deha Has Time (161)


agwadlanvda’deha agwadlanvda’deho’i agwadlanvda’delv’i agwadlanvdadisi agwadlanvda’dehdi

jadlanvda’deha jadlanvda’deho’i jadlanvda’delv’i jadlanvdadisi jadlanvda’dehdi

udlanvda’deha udlanvda’deho’i udlanvda’delv’i udlanvdadisi udlanvda’dehdi

unadlanvda’deha unadlanvda’deho’i unadlanvda’delv’i unadlanvdadisi unadlanvda’dehdi

igadlanvda’deha igadlanvda’deho’i igadlanvda’delv’i igadlanvdadisi igadlanvda’dehdi

48

Verb : Udlasitv’eha Disbelieving (161)


agwadlasitv’eha agwadlasitv’eho’i agwadlasitv’elv’i agwadlasitvsi agwadlasitv’ehdi

jadlasitv’eha jadlasitv’eho’i jadlasitv’elv’i jadlasitvsi jadlasitv’ehdi

udlasitv’eha udlasitv’eho’i udlasitv’elv’i udlasitvsi udlasitv’ehdi

unadlasitv’eha unadlasitv’eho’i unadlasitv’elv’i unadlasitvsi unadlasitv’ehdi

igadlasitv’eha igadlasitv’eho’i igadlasitv’elv’i igadlasitvsi igadlasitv’ehdi

Verb : Uksesdi Watching / Careful (171)


jiyagasesdi

agwaksesdi

jiyagasesdo’i

agwaksesdo’i

jiyagasesdv’i

agwaksesdv’i

jiyagasesdesdi

agwaksesdesdi

jiyagasesdohdi

agwaksesdohdi

hiyagasesdi

jaksesdi

hiyagasesdo’i

jaksesdo’i

hiyagasesdv’i

jaksesdv’i

hiyagasesdesdi

jaksesdesdi

hiyagasesdohdi

jaksesdohdi

uksesdi uksesdo’i uksesdv’i uksesdesdi uksesdohdi

unaksesdi unaksesdo’i unaksesdv’i unaksesdesdi unaksesdohdi

igaksesdi igaksesdo’i igaksesdv’i igaksesdesdi igaksesdohdi

Verb : Asvhvsga Using/Drinking/Eating It Up (57)


jisvhvsga jisvhvsgo’i aksvhnv’i jisvhna aksvhvsdi

hisvhvsga hisvhvsgo’i tsvhnv’i hisvhna tsvhvsdi

asvhvsga asvhvsgo’i usvhnv’i asvhna usvhvsdi

anisvhvsga anisvhvsgo’i unisvhnv’i anisvhna unisvhvsdi

idisvhvsga idisvhvsgo’i iksvhnv’i idisvhna iksvhvsdi

Verb : Unaligoha Together (They are) (175)


oginaligoha oginaligoso’i oginaligosv’i oginaligosesdi oginadalisohdi

ogaligoha ogaligoso’i ogaligosv’i ogaligosesdi ogadalisohdi

unaligoha unaligoso’i unaligosv’i unaligosesdi unadalisohdi

ijaligoha ijaligoso’i ijaligosv’i ijaligosesdi ijadalisohdi

igaligoha igaligoso’i igaligosv’i igaligosesdi igadalisohdi

49

Verb : Dagachvsdiha Marrying (68)*


dvgwachvsdiha dvgwachvsvsdisgo’i dvgwachvstanv’i dvgwachvsda digwachvsdohdi

dejachsvsdiha dejachvsdisgo’i dejachvstanv’i widejachvsda dijachvsdohdi

dagachvsdiha dagachvsdisgo’i dagachvstanv’i widagachvsda jagachvsdohdi

degegachvsdiha degegachvsdisgo’i degegachvstanv’i widegegachvsda jigegachvsdohdi

check Immediate

Verb : Aliti’a Running Away / Escaping (40)


galiti’a galitisgo’i agwalitisv’i galiti agwalitisdi

haliti’a halitisgo’i jalitisv’i haliti jalitisdi

aliti’a alitisgo’i ulitisv’i aliti ulitisdi

analiti’a analitisgo’i unalitisv’i analiti unalitisdi

idaliti’a idalitisgo’i igalitisv’i idaliti igalitisdi

Verb : Usihwasga Coughing (179)


aksihwasga aksihwasgo’i aksihwahv’i aksiwahi aksihwahisdi

tsihwasga tsihwasgo’i tsihwahv’i tsiwahi tsihwahisdi

usihwasga usihwasgo’i usihwahv’i usiwahi usihwahisdi

unsihwasga unsihwasgo’i unsihwahv’i unsiwahi unsihwahisdi

iksihwasga iksihwasgo’i iksihwahv’i iksiwahi iksihwahisdi

Verb : Dahlihgeha Rocking (68)


dega’lihgeha dega’lihgesgo’i dagwahlihgehv’i diga’lihgvla digwahlihgehdi

dehahlihgeha dehahlihgesgo’i dejahlihgehv’i tahlihgvla dijahlihgehdi

dahlihgeha dahlihgesgo’i duhlihgehv’i dihlihgvla juhlihgehdi

danahlihgeha danahlihgesgo’i dunahlihgehv’i dinahlihgvla junahlihgehdi

dedahlihgeha dedahlihgesgo’i degahlihgehv’i didahlihgvla digahlihgehdi

50

Verb : Gohlga Recognizing Him (120)


jiyoliga jiyoligo’i jiyohlv’i jiyoligi jiyohlisdi

hiyoliga hiyoligo’i hiyohljv’i hiyoligi hiyohlisdi

gohlga gohlgo’i uwohljv’i gohlgi uwohlisdi

anohlga anohlgo’i unohlv’i anohlgi unohlisdi

edohlga edohlgo’i edohlv’i edohlgi edohlisdi

Verb : Uwanvga Hurrying (182)


agwvnvga agwvnvgo’i agwvnvgv’i agwvnvgi agwvnvsdi

jvnvga jvnvgo’i jvnvgv’i jvnvgi jvnvsdi

uwanvga uwanvgo’i uwanvgv’i uwanvgi uwanvsdi

unvnvga unvnvgo’i unvnvgv’i unvnvgi unvnvsdi

igvnvga igvnvgo’i igvnvgv’i igvnvgi igvnvsdi

Verb : Uwawsvga Smells (182)*


agiwsvga agiwsvgo’i agiwsvjv’i agiwsvgi agiwsvsdi

jawsvga jawsvgo’i jawsvjv’i jawsvgi jawsvsdi

uwawsvga uwawsvgo’i uwawsvjv’i uwawsvgi uwawsvsdi

uniwsvga uniwsvgo’i uniwsvjv’i uniwsvgi uniwsvsdi

igiwsvga igiwsvgo’i igiwsvjv’i igiwsvgi igiwsvsdi

Verb : Goksga Smoking (122)*


gogisga gogisgo’i agwoksv’i gogi agwoksdi

hoksga hoksgo’i joksv’i hogi joksdi

goksga goksgo’i uwoksv’i gogi uwoksdi

anoksga anoksgo’i unoksv’i anogi unoksdi

idoksga idoksgo’i igoksv’i idogi igoksdi

51

Verb : Daksvsdiha He’s Making/Blowing Smoke (71)*


dejigasvsdiha dejigasvsdisgo’i dagiksvstanv’i dijiksvsda digiksvsdohdi

dehiksvsdiha dehiksvsdisgo’i dejaksvstanv’i tiksvsda dijaksvsdohdi

daksvsdiha daksvsdisgo’i duksvstanv’i diksvsda juksvsdohdi

daniksvsdiha daniksvsdisgo’i duniksvstanv’i diniksvsda juniksvsdohdi

dediksvsdiha dediksvsdisgo’i degiksvstanv’i didiksvsda digiksvsdohdi

Verb : Ahlosga He’s Beating Him/Her at a Game


jihlosga jihlosgo’i jihlosv’i jihlohi jihlohisdi

hihlosga hihlosgo’i hihlosv’i hihlohi hihlohisdi

ahlosga ahlosgo’i uhlosv’i ahlohi uhlohisdi

anihlosga anihlosgo’i unihlosv’i anihlohi unihlohisdi

edihlosga edihlosgo’i edihlosv’i edihlohi edihlohisdi

Verb : Ateladi’a Joining (59)


gade’ladi’a gade’ladisgo’i agwateladv’i gade’lada agwateladisdi

hateladi’a hateladisgo’i jateladv’i hatelada jateladisdi

ateladi’a ateladisgo’i uteladv’i atelada uteladisdi

anateladi’a anatelidisgo’i unateladv’i anatelada unateladisdi

idateladi’a idatelidisgo’i igateladv’i idatelada igateladisdi

Verb : Atliha Fighting


gatliha gatliho’i agwvtlilv’i gatli agwalhsdi

hatliha hatliho’i jvtlilv’i hatli jahlsdi

atliha atliho’i utlilv’i atli uhlsdi

anatliha anatliho’i unvtlilv’i anatli unahlsdi

idatliha idatliho’i igvtlilv’i idatli igahlsdi

52

Verb : Guhlvsga Covering (125)


guhlvsga guhlvsgo’i agwuhlvnv’i guhlv’vga agwuhlvdi

huhlvsga huhlvsgo’i juhlvnv’i huhlv’vga juhlvdi

guhlvsga guhlvsgo’i uwuhlvnv’i guhlv’vga uwuhlvdi

anuhlvsga anuhlvsgo’i unuhlvnv’i anuhlv’vga unuhlvdi

iduhlvsga iduhlvsgo’i iguhlvnv’i iduhlv’vga iguhlvdi

Verb : Dalehvsga Getting Up (From Sitting) (73)


degale’vsga degale’vsgo’i dagwalehnv’i digale’vga digwalehdi

dehalehvsga dehalehvsgo’i dejalehnv’i talehvga dijalehdi

dalehvsga dalehvsgo’i dulehnv’i dilehvga julehdi

danalehvsga danalehvsgo’i dunalehnv’i dinalehvga junalehdi

dedalehvsga dedalehvsgo’i degalehnv’i didalehvga digalehdi

Verb : Iga’luhga Returning (131)*


iji’luhga iji’luhgo’i v’agi’luhjv’i jiji’luhgi v’agiluhisdi

ihi’luhga ihi’luhgo’i vja’luhjv’i jihi’luhgi vjaluhisdi

iga’luhga iga’luhgo’i v’uluhjv’i

u’luhjv’i jiga’luhgi

v’uluhisdi

u’luhisdi

i’ani’luhga i’ani’luhgo’i v’uni’luhjv’i ji’ani’luhgi v’uniluhisdi

i’idi’luhga i’idi’luhgo’i v’igi’luhjv’i ji’idi’luhgi v’igiluhisdi

Verb : Kanawoga S/he’s Cold (139)


ji’nawoga ji’nawogo’i agihnawojv’i ji’nawogi agihnawosdi

hi’nawoga hi’nawogo’i jahnawojv’i hihnawogi jahnawosdi

kanawoga kanawogo’i uhnawojv’i kanawogi uhnawosdi

aninawoga aninawogo’i unihnawojv’i anihnawogi unihnawosdi

idinawoga idinawogo’i igihnawojv’i idihnawogi igihnawosdi

53

Verb : Danagaleniha They are Separating (74)


desdagaleniha desdagalenisgo’i deginagalenvhv’i disdagalena disdagalenhdi

dojagaleniha dojagalenisgo’i doganagalenvhv’i jojagalena jojagalenhdi

danagaleniha danagalenisgo’i dunagalenvhv’i dinagalena junagalenhdi

dejagaleniha dejagalenisgo’i dejagalenvhv’i dijagalena dijagalenhdi

dedagaleniha dedagalenisgo’i degagalenvhv’i didagalena didagalenhdi

Verb : Nigvnhde’a Taking It Off (147)


nigvnhde’a nigvnhdesgo’i nagwvnhdesv’i nigvnhdagi iyagwvnhdesdi

hnvnhde’a hnvnhdesgo’i nijvnhdesv’i hnvnhdagi iyijvnhdesdi

nigvnhde’a nigvnhdesgo’i nuwanhdesv’i nigvnhdagi iyuwanhdesdi

nanvnhde’a nanvnhdesgo’i nunvnhdesv’i nanvnhdagi iyunvnhdesdi

nidvnhde’a nidvnhdesgo’i nigvnhdesv’i nidvnhdagi iyigvnhdesdi

Verb : Nigvnhdiha Putting It On (147)


nigvnhdiha nigvnhdisgo’i nagwvnhtanv’i nigvnhda iyagwvnhdohdi

hnvnhdiha hnvnhdisgo’i nijvnhtanv’i hnvnhda iyijvnhdohdi

nigvnhdiha nigvnhdisgo’i nuwanhtanv’i nigvnhda iyuwanhdohdi

nanvnhdiha nanvnhdisgo’i nunvnhtanv’i nanvnhda iyunvnhdohdi

nidvnhdiha nidvnhdisgo’i nigvnhtanv’i nidvnhda iyigvnhdohdi

Verb : Dasdayohiha Shooting (75)


dejisdayohiha dejisdayohiho’i daksdayohlv’i dijisdayoha diksdayosdi

deihisdayohiha dehisdayohiho’i detsdayohlv’i tisdayoha ditsdayosdi

dasdayohiha dasdayohiho’i dusdayohlv’i disdayoha jusdayosdi

danisdayohiha danisdayohiho’i dunisdayohlv’i dinasdayoha junisdayosdi

dedisdayohiha dedisdayohiho’i deksdayohlv’i didisdayoha diksdayosdi

54

Verb : Alsosdiha Aiming (43)


galisosdiha galisosdisgo’i agwalsostanv’i galisosda agwalsosdohdi

halsosdiha halsosdisgo’i jalsostanv’i halsosda jalsosdohdi

alsosdiha alsosdisgo’i ulsostanv’i alsosda ulsosdohdi

analsosdiha analsosdisgo’i unalsostanv’i analsosda unalsosdohdi

idalsosdiha idalsosdisgo’i igalsostanv’i idalsosda igalsosdohdi

Verb : Atohgiya’a Racing / Running for Office


gatohgiya’a gatohgiyasgo’i agwatohgiyv’i gatohgiya agwatohgiyasdi

hatohgiya’a hatohgiyasgo’i jatohgiyv’i hatohgiya jatohgiyasdi

atohgiya’a atohgiyasgo’i utohgiyv’i atohgiya utohgiyasdi

anatohgiya’a anatohgiyasgo’i unatohgiyv’i anatohgiya unatohgiyasdi

idatohgiya’a idatohgiyasgo’i igatohgiyv’i idatohgiya igatohgiyasdi

Verb : Atiyohiha Arguing (59)


ga’diyohiha ga’diyohiho’i agwatiyohlv’i ga’diyoga agwatiyosdi

hatiyohiha hatiyohiho’i jatiyohlv’i hatiyoga jatiyosdi

atiyohiha atiyohiho’i utiyohlv’i atiyoga utiyosdi

anatiyohiha anatiyohiho’i unatiyohlv’i anatiyoga unatiyosdi

idatiyohiha idatiyohiho’i igatiyohlv’i idatiyoga igatiyosdi

Verb : Atawedo’vsga Kissing (58)


jidawedo’vsga jidawedo’vsga agidawedonv’i jidawedo’vga agidawedodi

hidawedo’vsga hidawedo’vsgo’i jadawedonv’i hidawedo’vga jadawedodi

atawedo’vsga atawedo’vsgo’i utawedonv’i atawedo’vga utawedodi

anidawedo’vsga anidawedo’vsgo’i unidawedonv’i anidawedo’vga unidawedodi

ididawedo’vsga ididawedo’vsgo’i igidawedonv’i ididawedo’vga igidawedodi

55

Verb : Aye’sdiha Waking Him Up


jiye’sdiha jiye’sdisgo’i jiye’stanv’i jiye’sda jiye’sdohdi

hiye’sdiha hiye’sdisgo’i hiye’stanv’i hiye’sda hiye’sdohdi

aye’sdiha aye’sdisgo’i uye’stanv’i aye’sda uye’sdohdi

anaye’sdiha anaye’sdisgo’i unaye’stanv’i unaye’sda unaye’sdohdi

edaye’sdiha edaye’sdisgo’i edaye’stanv’i edaye’sda edaye’sdohdi

Verb : Agowhtvhdiha Showing It To Him/Her


jigowhtvhdiha jigowhtvhdisgo’i jigowhtvhtanv’i jigowhtvhda jigowhtvhdohdi

higowhtvhdiha higowhtvhdisgo’i higowhtvhtanv’i higowhtvhda higowhtvhdohdi

agowhtvhdiha agowhtvhdisgo’i ugowhtvhtanv’i agowhtvhda ugowhtvhdohdi

anigowhtvhdiha anigowhtvhdisgo’i unigowhtvhtanv’i anigowhtvhda unigowhtvhdohdi

edigowhtvhdiha edigowhtvhdisgo’i edigowhtvhtanv’i edigowhtvhda edigowhtvhdohdi

Verb : U’lawsdi’a Staying With Someone


ji’lawsdi’a ji’lawsdisgo’i ji’lawstanv’i ji’lawsda jiya’lawsdohdi

hi’lawsdi’a hi’lawsdisgo’i hi’lawstanv’i hi’lawsda hiya’lawsdohdi

u’lawsdi’a u’lawsdisgo’i u’lawstanv’i u’lawsda u’lawsdohdi

duna’lawsdi’a duna’lawsdisgo’i duna’lawstanv’i juna’lawsda juna’lawsdohdi

diga’lawsdi’a diga’lawsdisgo’i diga’lawstanv’i diga’lawsda diga’lawsdohdi

*/dosda’lawstanv’i/ - Uses Set A *2nd

HT: /ji’lawsdo’i/

Verb : Ganose’a S/he is Telling Him/Her


jinose’a jinoseho’i jinoselv’i jinohisi jinosehdi

hinose’a hinoseho’i hinoselv’i hinohisi hinosehdi

ganose’a ganoseho’i unoselv’i ganohisi unosehdi

aninose’a aninoseho’i uninoselv’i aninohisi uninosehdi

edinose’a edinoseho’i edinoselv’i edinohisi edinosehdi

56

Verb : Adehvsga S/he is Being Born


gade’vsga gade’vsgo’i agwadehnv’i gade’vga agwadehdi

hadehvsga hadehvsgo’i jadehnv’i hadehvga jadehdi

adehvsga adehvsgo’i udehnv’i adehvga udehdi

anadehvsga anadehvsgo’i unadehnv’i anadehvga unadehdi

idadehvsga idadehvsgo’i igadehnv’i idadehvga igadehdi

Verb : Adisgahlvsga S/he is Hiding


gadisgahlvsga gadisgahlvsgo’i agwadisgahlanv'i gadisgahlvga agwadisgahldi

hadisgahlvsga hadisgahlvsgo’i jadisgahlanv'i hadisgahlvga jadisgahldi

adisgahlvsga adisgahlvsgo’i udisgahlanv’i adisgahlvga udisgahldi

anadisgahlvsga anadisgahlvsgo’i unadisgahlanv'i anadisgahlvga unadisgahldi

idadisgahlvsga idadisgahlvsgo’i igadisgahlanv'i idadisgahlvga igadisgahldi

Verb : Anidona’a Standing, They Are (Congregation)

Present Tense Habitual Tense Completive Past Immediate (Prg F) Infinitive

ojidona’a ojidona’o’i x ojidona’esdi x

ijidona’a ijidona’o’i ijidona’esdi

ididona’a ididona’o’i ididona’esdi

anidona’a anidona’o’i anidona’esdi

Verb : Ani’na Sitting, They Are (Congregation)


oji’na oji’no’i x ojinesdi x

iji’na iji’no’i ijinesdi

idi’na idi’no’i idinesdi

ani’na ani’no’i aninesdi

*For the two forms listed above, they reference the concepts of “standing” and “sitting” as related

to a groups of people in settings such as church, school, etc.

57

Verb : Aja’vsga S/he is Getting in a Car, Box, Etc.


gaja’vsga gaja’vsgo’i agwajanv'i gaja'vga agwajodi

haja'vsga haja'vsgo'i jajanv'i haja’vga jajodi

aja'vsga aja'vsgo'i ujanv’i aja'vga ujodi

anaja'vsga anaja'vsgo'i unajanv'i anaja'vga unajodi

idaja'vsga idaja'vsgo'i igajanv'i idaja'vga igajodi

Verb : Ajewi’a S/he is Spilling It/Pouring It/Being Wasteful


gajewi’a gajewisgo'i agwajewv'i gajewa agwajewasdi

hajewi'a hajewisgo'i jajewv'i hajewa jajewasdi

ajewi'a ajewisgo’i ujewv’i ajewa ujewasdi

anajewi'a anajewisgo'i unajewv'i anajewa unajewasdi

idajewi'a idajewisgo'i igajewv'i idajewa igajewasdi

Verb : Ahwisga S/he is Planting It


jiwisga jiwisgo'i akihwisv'i jiwi akihwisdi

hihwisga hihwisgo'i jahwisv'i hihwi jahwisdi

ahwisga ahwisgo'i uhwisv'i ahwi uhwisdi

anihwisga anihwisgo'i unihwisv'i anihwi unihwisdi

idihwisga idihwisgo'i igihwisv'i idihwi igihwisdi

Verb : Kdega S/he’s Parting With Him/Her in Death


jiyvdega jiyvdego’i akdejv’i jiyvdegi akde’isdi

hiyvdega hiyvdego’i tsdejv’i hiyvdegi tsde’isdi

kdega kdego’i uwhdejv’i kdegi uwhde’isdi

andega andego’i undejv’i andegi unde’isdi

idvdega idvdego’i ikdegjv’i idvdegi ikde’isdi

58

Verb : Asdwadega S/he is Following Him/It


jisdawadega jisdawadego’i jisdawadvsv’i jisdawaduga jisdawadvsdi

hisdawadega hisdawadego’i hisdawadvsv’i hisdawaduga hisdawadvsdi

asdawadega asdawadego’i usdawadvsv’i asdawaduga usdawadvsdi

anisdawadega anisdawadego’i unisdawadvsv’i anisdawaduga unisdawadvsdi

edisdawadega edisdawadego’i edisdawadvsv’i edisdawaduga edisdawadvsdi

Verb : Adehosga S/he is Embarrassed


gade’osga gade’osgo’i agwadehosv’i gade’ohi agwadehohisdi

hadehosga hadehosgo’i jadehosv’i hadehohi jadehohisdi

adehosga adehosgo’i udehosv’i adehohi udehohisdi

anadehosga anadehosgo’i unadehosv’i anadehohi unadehohisdi

idadehosga idadehosgo’i igadehosv’i idadehohi igadehohisdi

Verb : Kanehgwo’a S/he is Accumulating, Increasing It


jinehgwo’a jinehgwosgo’i akihnehgwo’v’i jinehgwoja akihnehgwosdi

hinehgwo’a hinehgwosgo’i jahnehgwo’v’i hihnehgwoja jahnehgwosdi

kanehgwo’a kanehgwosgo’i uhnehgwo’v’i kanehgwoja uhnehgwosdi

aninehgwo’a aninehgwosgo’i unihnehgwo’v’i anihnehgwoja unihnehgwosdi

idinehgwo’a idinehgwosgo’i igihnehgwo’v’i idihnehgwoja igihnehgwosdi

Verb : Agvhaliha S/he is Cutting/Slicing It


jigv’aliha jigv’alisgo’i agigvhalvhv’i jigv’ala agigvhahldi

higvhaliha higvhalisgo’i jagvhalvhv’i higvhala jagvhahldi

agvhaliha agvhalisgo’i ugvhalvhv’i agvhala ugvhahldi

anigvhaliha anigvhalisgo’i unigvhalvhv’i anigvhala unigvhahldi

idigvhaliha idigvhalisgo’i igigvhalvhv’i idigvhala idigvhahldi

59

Verb : Agvsgwo’a S/he is Washing His/Her Face


gagvsgwo’a gagvsgwosgo’i agwagvsgwo’v’i gagvsgwoja agwagvsgwosdi

hagvsgwo’a hagvsgwosgo’i jagvsgwo’v’i hagvsgwoja jagvsgwosdi

agvsgwo’a agvsgwosgo’i ugvsgwo’v’i agvsgwoja ugvsgwosdi

anagvsgwo’a anagvsgwosgo’i unagvsgwo’v’i anagvsgwoja unagvsgwosdi

idagvsgwo’a idagvsgwosgo’i igagvsgwo’v’i idagvsgwoja igagvsgwosdi

Verb : Dasule’a S/he is Washing His/Her Hands


degasule’a degasulesgv’i dagwasulehv’i digasuli diksuhldi

dehasule’a dehasulesgv’i dejasulehv’i tasuli ditsuhldi

dasule’a dasulesgv’i dusulehv’i disuli jusuhldi

danasule’a danasulesgv’i dunasulehv’i dinasuli junsuhldi

dedasule’a dedasulesgv’i degasulehv’i didasuli digasuhldi

Verb : Uhniha S/he is in Bed


agwahniha agwahniho’i agwahnihv’i agwahnihesdi x

jahniha jahniho’i jahnihv’i jahnihesdi

uhniha uhniho’i uhnihv’i uhnihesdi

unahniha unahniho’i unahnihhv’i unahnihesdi

igahniha igahniho’i igahnihv’i igahnihesdi

Verb : Gvjahlvsga S/he is Frying It


gvjahlvsga gvjahlvsgo’i agwvjahlanv’i gvjahlvga agwvjahldi

hvjahlvsga hvjahlvsgo’i jvjahlanv’i hvjahlvga jvjahldi

gvjahlvsga gvjahlvsgo’i uwvjahlanv’i gvjahlvga uwvjahldi

anvjahlvsga anvjahlvsgo’i unvjahlanv’i anvjahlvga unvjahldi

idvjahlvsga idvjahlvsgo’i igvjahlanv’i idvjahlvga igvjahldi

60

Verb : Dekanogisdiha S/he’s Playing Music


dejinogisdiha dejinogisdisgo’i dakinogistanv’i dijinogisda dikihnogisdohdi

dehihnogisdiha dehihnogisdisgo’i dechanogistanv’i tihnogisda dichanogisdohdi

dekanogisdiha dekanogisdisgo’i duhnogistanv’i dikanogisda juhnogisdohdi

danihnogisdiha danihnogisdisgo’i dunihnogistanv’i dinihnogisda junihnogisdohdi

dedihnogisdiha dedihnogisdisgo’i degihnogistanv’i didihnogisda digihnogisdohdi

Verb : Usdvdi’a S/he’s Being Punished


aksdvdi’a aksdvdisgo’i aksdvdv’i aksdvda aksdvdisdi

tsdvdi’a tsdvdisgo’i tsdvdv’i tsdvda tsdvdisdi

usdvdi’a usdvdisgo’i usdvdv’i usdvda usdvdisdi

unisdvdi’a unisdvdisgo’i unisdvdv’i unisdvda unisdvdisdi

igisdvdi’a igisdvdisgo’i igisdvdv’i igisdvda igisdvdisdi

Verb : Aktahv’a S/he’s Turning Back / S/he’s Turning


gagatahv’a gagatahvsgo’i agwaktahvsv’i gagatahvna agwaktahvsdi

haktahv’a haktahvsgo’i jaktahvsv’i haktahvna jaktahvsdi

aktahv’a aktahvsgo’i uktahvsv’i aktahvna uktahvsdi

anaktahv’a anaktahvsgo’i unaktahvsv’i anaktahvna unaktahvsdi

idaktahv’a idaktahvsgo’i igaktahvsv’i idaktahvna igaktahvsdi

Verb : Ahnigisdiha S/he’s Starting It


ganigisdiha ganigisdisgo’i agwahnigistanv’i ganigisda agwahnigisdohdi

hahnigisdiha hahnigisdisgo’i jahnigistanv’i hahnigisda jahnigisdohdi

ahnigisdiha ahnigisdisgo’i uhnigistanv’i ahnigisda uhnigisdohdi

anahnigisdiha anahnigisdisgo’i unahnigistanv’i anahnigisda unahnigisdohdi

idahnigisdiha idahnigisdisgo’i igahnigistanv’i idahnigisda igahnigisdohdi

61

Verb : Uwehluhga S/he’s Yelling/Howling, etc.


agwehluga agwehluhgo’i agwehluhnv’i gelu’vga agwehluhvsdi

jehluga jehluhgo’i jehluhnv’i hehluhvga jehluhvsdi

uwehluhga uwehluhgo’i uwehluhnv’i uwehluhvga uwehluhvsdi

unehluhga unehluhgo’i unehluhnv’i unehluhvga unehluhvsdi

igehluhga igehluhgo’i igehluhnv’i igehluhvga igehluhvsdi

Verb : Degvdiye’a S/he’s Washing Dishes


degvdiye’a degvdiyesgo’i dagwvdiye’v’i digvdiya digwvdiyedi

dehvdiye’a dehvdiyesgo’i dejvdiye’v’i tvdiya dijvdiyedi

degvdiye’a degvdiyesgo’i duwadiye’v’i digvdiya juwadiyedi

danvdiye’a danvdiyesgo’i dunvdiye’v’i dinvdiya junvdiyedi

dedvdiye’a dedvdiyesgo’i degvdiye’v’i didvdiya digvdiyedi

Verb : Ganahlvsga S/he’s Hiring Him


jinahlvsga jinahlvsgo’i jinahlvnv’i jinahlv’vga jinahlvdi

hinahlvsga hinahlvsgo’i hinahlvnv’i hinahlv’vga hinahlvdi

ganahlvsga ganahlvsgo’i unahlvnv’i ganahlv’vga unahlvdi

aninahlvsga aninahlvsgo’i aninahlvnv’i aninahlv’vga uninahlvdi

edinahlvsga edinahlvsgo’i edinahlvnv’i edinahlv’vga edinahlvdi

Verb : Gehluhvsga S/he’s Screaming/Yelling


geluhvsga geluhvsgo’i agwehluhnv’i geluhvga agwehluhvsdi

hehluhvsga hehluhvsgo’i jehluhnv’i hehluhvga jehluhvsdi

gehluhvsga gehluhvsgo’i uwehluhnv’i gehluhvga uwehluhvsdi

anehluhvsga anehluhvsgo’i unehluhnv’i anehluhvga unehluhvsdi

idehluhvsga idehluhvsgo’i igehluhnv’i idehluhvga igehluhvsdi

62

Verb : Ajvstvsga S/he’s Turning on a Light


jijvstvsga jijvstvsgo’i agijvstvsgo’i jijvstvga agijvstvsdi

hijvstvsga hijvstvsgo’i jajvstvsgo’i hijvstvga jajvstvsdi

ajvstvsga ajvstvsgo’i ujvstanv’i ajvstvga ujvstvsdi

anijvstvsga anijvstvsgo’i unijvstanv’i anijvstvga unijvstvsdi

idijvstvsga idijvstvsgo’i igijvstanv’i idijvstvga igijvstvsdi

Verb : Gegehyohvsga S/he is Teaching Him/Her


jiyeyohvsga jiyeyohvsgo’i jiyeyohnv’i jiyeyohvga jiyeyodi

hiyehyohvsga hiyehyohvsgo’i hiyehyohnv’i hiyehyohvga hiyehyohdi

gegehyohvsga gegehyohvsgo’i uwehyohnv’i gegehyohvga uwehyohdi

anehyohvsga anehyohvsgo’i unehyohnv’i anehyohvga unehyohdi

edehyohvsga edehyohvsgo’i edehyohnv’i edehyohvga edehyohdi

Verb : Asdayvhvsga S/he is Cooking Him/Her a Meal


jisdayvhvsga jisdayvhvsgo’i jisdayvhnv’i jisdayvhvga jisdaydi

hisdayvhvsga hisdayvhvsgo’i hisdayvhnv’i hisdayvhvga hisdayhdi

asdayvhvsga asdayvhvsgo’i usdayvhnv’i asdayvhvga usdayhdi

anisdayvhvsga anisdayvhvsgo’i unisdayvhnv’i anisdayvhvga unisdayhdi

edisdayvhvsga edisdayvhvsgo’i edisdayvhnv’i edisdayvhvga edisdayhdi

Verb : Dekgilo’a S/he’s Washing Flexible Objects


degvgilo’a degvgilosgo’i dagwvgilo’v’i digvgiloja digwvgilosdi

dehvgilo’a dehvgilosgo’i dejvgilo’v’i tvhgiloja dijvgilosdi

dekgilo’a dekgilosgo’i duhgilo’v’i dikgiloja juhgilosdi

danvgilo’a danvgilosgo’i dunvgilo’v’i dinvgiloja junhgilosdi

dedvgilo’a dedvgilosgo’i degvgilo’v’i didvgiloja digvgilosdi

63

Verb : Alihelicheha S/he’s Appreciative/Thanking Him/Her


jiyali’elicheha jiyali’elicheho’i jiyali’elichelv’i jiyali’elichisi jiyali’elichedi

hiyalihelicheha hiyalihelicheho’i hiyalihelichelv’i hiyali’elichisi hiyalihelichehdi

alihelicheha alihelicheho’i ulihelichelv’i ali’elichisi ulihelichehdi

analihelicheha analihelicheho’i unalihelichelv’i anali’elichisi unalihelichehdi

edalihelicheha edalihelicheho’i edalihelichelv’i edali’elichisi edalihelichechdi

Verb : Asganvga S/he’s Committing a Crime


jisganvga jisganvgo’i aksganvjv’i jisganvgi aksganvysdi

hisganvga hisganvgo’i tsganvjv’i hisganvgi tsganvysdi

asganvga asganvgo’i usganvjv’i asganvgi usganvysdi

anisganvga anisganvgo’i unisganvjv’i anisganvgi unisganvysdi

idisganvga idisganvgo’i igisganvjv’i idisganvgi igisganvysdi

Verb : Ulenahiha S/he’s Losing His Way


agwalenahiha agwalenahiho’i agwalenahlv’i agwalenaga agwalenasdi

jalenahiha jalenahiho’i jalenahlv’i jalenaga jalenasdi

ulenahiha ulenahiho’i ulenahlv’i ulenaga ulenasdi

unalenahiha unalenahiho’i unalenahlv’i unalenaga unalenasdi

igalenahiha igalenahiho’i igalenahlv’i igalenaga igalenasdi

Verb : Ulidasdiha S/he’s Making a Mistake


agilidasdiha agilidasdisgo’i agilidastanv’i agilidasda agilidasdohdi

jalidasdiha jalidasdisgo’i jalidastanv’i jalidasda jalidasdohdi

ulidasdiha ulidasdisgo’i ulidastanv’i ulidasda ulidasdohdi

uniladasdiha unilidasdisgo’i unilidastanv’i unilidasda unilidasdohdi

igiladasdiha igilidasdisgo’i igilidastanv’i igilidasda igilidasdohdi

64

Verb : Ganvga S/he’s Falling from Standing


jinvga jinvgo’i aginvjv’i jinvgi aginvsdi

hinvga hinvgo’i janvjv’i hinvgi janvsdi

ganvga ganvgo’i unvjv’i ganvgi unvsdi

aninvga aninvgo’i uninvjv’i aninvgi uninvsdi

idinvga idinvgo’i iginvjv’i idinvgi iginvsdi

Verb : Atvhisdiha S/he’s Raising/Growing Him/It


jiya’dvhisdiha

ga’dvhisdiha

jiya’dvhisdisgo’i

ga’dvhisdisgo’i

jiyatvhistanv’i

aktvhistanv’i

jiya’dvhisda

ga’dvhisda

jiyatvhisdohdi

aktvhisdohdi

hiya’dvhisdiha

hatvhisdiha

hiya’dvhisdisgo’i

hatvhisdisgo’i

hiyatvhistanv’i

tstvhistanv’i

hiya’dvhisda

hatvhisda

hiyatvhisdohdi

tstvhisdohdi

atvhisdiha atvhisdisgo’i utvhistanv’i atvhisda utvhisdohdi

anatvhisdiha anatvhisdisgo’i unatvhistanv’i anatvhisda unatvhisdohdi

edatvhisdiha edatvhisdisgo’i edatvhistanv’i edatvhisda / idatvhisda igatvhisdohdi

Verb : Kdladi’a Putting Out a Fire/Light


gvdladi’a gvdladisgo’i akdladv’i gvdlada akdladisdi

hvhdladi’a hvhdladisgo’i tsdladv’i hvhdlada tsdladisdi

kdladi’a kdladisgo’i uwhdladv’i kdlada uwhdladisdi

anvhdladi’a anvhdladisgo’i unhdladv’i anvhdlada unhdladisdi

idvhdladi’a idvhdladisgo’i igvhdladv’i idvhdlada igvhdladisdi

Verb : Danilawiga They’re Having Church


dosdilawiga dosdilawigo’i doginilawijv’i josdilawigi joginilawisdi

dojilawiga dojilawigo’i dogilawijv’i jojilawigi jogilawisdi

danilawiga danilawigo’i dunilawijv’i dinilawigi junilawisdi

dejilawiga dejilawigo’i dejilawijv’i dijilawigi dijilawisdi

dedilawiga dedilawigo’i degilawijv’i didilawigi digilawisdi

65

Verb : Adloysga Getting Off


gadloysga gadloysgo’i akdloysv’i gadlohi akdlohisdi

hadloysga hadloysgo’i tsdloysv’i hadlohi tsdlohisdi

adloysga adloysgo’i udloysv’i adlohi udlohisdi

an(a)dloysga an(a)dloysgo’i un(a)dloysv’i an(a)dlohi un(a)dlohisdi

idadloysga idadloysgo’i igadloysv’i idadlohi igadlohisdi

Verb : Gahlisiha S/he’s Gathering It


jihlisiha jihlisisgo’i akihlisahnv’i jihlisa akihlisohdi

hihlvisiha hihlisisgo’i jahlisahnv’i hihlisa jahlisohdi

gahlisiha gahlisisgo’i uwahlisahnv’i gahlisa uwahlisohdi

anihlisiha anihlisisgo’i unihlisahnv’i anihlisa unihlisohdi

idihlisiha idihlisisgo’i igihlisahnv’i idihlisa igihlisohdi

Verb : Ganedliyv’a S/he’s Changing It


jinedliyv’a jinedliyvsgo’i aginedliyvsv’i jinedliyvna aginedliyvsdi

hinedliyv’a hinedliyvsgo’i janedliyvsv’i hinedliyvna janedliyvsdi

ganedliyv’a ganedliyvsgo’i unedliyvsv’i ganedliyvna unedliyvsdi

aninedliyv’a aninedliyvsgo’i uninedliyvsv’i aninedliyvna uninedliyvsdi

idinedliyv’a idinedliyvsgo’i iginedliyvsv’i idinedliyvna iginedliyvsdi

Verb : Ganhga S/he’s Lying Down


jinvga jinvgo’i x jinvgesdi x

hinhga hinhgo’i hinhgesdi

ganhga ganhgo’i ganhgesdi

aninhga aninhgo’i aninhgesdi

idinhga idinhgo’i idinhgesdi

66

Verb : Gosdvniha S/he’s Batting It


gosdvniha gosdvniho’i agwosdvnilv’i gosdvniga agwosdvnisdi

hosdvniha hosdvniho’i josdvnilv’i hosdvniga josdvnisdi

gosdvniha gosdvniho’i uwosdvnilv’i gosdvniga uwosdvnisdi

anosdvniha anosdvniho’i unosdvnilv’i anosdvniga unosdvnisdi

idosdvniha idosdvniho’i igosdvnilv’i idosdvniga igosdvnisdi

Verb : Deganadiwsga S/he’s Crossing It


dejinadiwsga dejinadiwsgo’i daginadiwsv’i dijinadihwi diginadihwisdi

dehinadiwsga dehinadiwsgo’i dejanadiwsv’i tinadihwi dijanadihwisdi

deganadiwsga deganadiwsgo’i dunadiwsv’i dikanadihwi junadihwisdi

daninadiwsga daninadiwsgo’i duninadiwsv’i dininadihwi juninadihwisdi

dedinadiwsga dedinadiwsgo’i deginadiwsv’i didinadihwi diginadihwisdi

Verb : Asgahlga S/he’s Biting Him/It


jisgahlga jisgahlgo’i aksgahljv’i jisgala aksgalsdi

hisgahlga hisgahlgo’i tsgahljv’i hisgala / hisgala tsgalsdi

asgahlga asgahlgo’i usgahljv’i asgala usgalsdi

anisgahlga anisgahlgo’i unisgahljv’i anisgala unisgalsdi

idisgahlga idisgahlgo’i igisgahljv’i idisgala igisgalsdi

Verb : Asgosga S/he’s Digging It


gasgosga gasgosgo’i agwasgosv’i gasgola agwasgosdi

hasgosga hasgosgo’i jasgosv’i hasgola jasgosdi

asgosga asgosgo’i usgosv’i asgola usgosdi

anasgosga anasgosgo’i unasgosv’i anasgola unasgosdi

idasgosga idasgosgo’i igasgosv’i idasgola igasgosdi

67

Verb : Dahyvgi’a S/he’s Tickling Him/Her ; Spurring a Horse


dejiyvgi’a dejiyvgisgo’i dejiyvgv’i / dakihyvgv’i dijiyvga dijiyvgisdi

dehihyvgi’a dehihyvgisgo’i dehihyvgv’i / dejahyvgv’i tiyvga tihyvgisdi

dahyvgi’a dahyvgisgo’i duhyvgv’i dihyvga juhyvgisdi

danihyvgi’a danihyvgisgo’i dunihyvgv’i dinihyvga junihyvgisdi

dedihyvgi’a dedihyvgisgo’i dedihyvgv’i / degihyvgv’i didihyvga didihyvgisdi

Verb : Ahi’leha S/he Has a Vehicle


ji’ileha ji’ileho’i x x agihi’lvsdi

hihi’leha hihi’leho’i jahi’lvsdi

ahi’leha ahi’leho’i uhi’lvsdi

anihi’leha anihi’leho’i unihi’lvsdi

idihi’leha idihi’leho’i igihi’lvsdi

Verb : Dasvsdiha S/he’s Scheduling a Time / Planning It


dejisvsdiha dejisvsdisgo’i daksvstanv’i dijisvsda diksvsdohdi

dehisvsdiha dehisvsdisgo’i detsvstanv’i tisvsda ditsvsdohdi

dasvsdiha dasvsdisgo’i dusvstanv’i disvsda jusvsdohdi

danisvsdiha danisvsdisgo’i dunisvstanv’i dinisvsda junisvsdohdi

dedisvsdiha dedisvsdisgo’i degisvstanv’i didisvsda digisvsdohdi

Verb : Ahligi’a S/he’s Having a Nightmare


gadligi’a gadligisgo’i agwahligisv’i gadligi agwahligisdi

hahligi’a hahligisgo’i jahligisv’i hahligi jahligisdi

ahligi’a ahligisgo’i uhligisv’i ahligi uhligisdi

anahligi’a anahligisgo’i unahligisv’i anahligi unahligisdi

idahligi’a idahligi sgo’i igahligisv’i idahligi igahligisdi

68

Verb : Adlvkwsga S/he’s Bragging


gadlvgwasga gadlvgwasgo’i akdlvkwsv’i gadlvgwa akdlvkwisdi

hadlvkwsga hadlvkwsgo’i tsdlvkwsv’i hadlvkwa tsdlvkwisdi

adlvkwsga adlvkwsgo’i udlvkwsv’i adlvkwa udlvkwisdi

an(a)dlvkwsga an(a)dlvkwsgo’i un(a)dlvkwsv’i an(a)dlvkwa un(a)dlvkwisdi

idadlvkwsga idadlvkwsgo’i igadlvkwsv’i idadlvkwa igadlvkwisdi

Verb : Aganawhdiha S/he’s Warming It


jiganawodiha jiganawodisgo’i agiganawhtanv’i jiganawhda / jiganawoda agiganawhdohdi

higanawhdiha higanawhdisgo’i jaganawhtanv’i higanawhda /

higanawoda jaganawhdohdi

aganawhdiha aganawhdisgo’i uganawhtanv’i aganawhda uganawhdohdi

aniganawhdiha aniganawhdisgo’i uniganawhtanv’i aniganawhda uniganawhdohdi

idiganawhdiha idiganawhdisgo’i igiganawhtanv’i idiganawhda igiganawhdohdi

xxxxxx

Verb : Asgwanigosga S/he’s Amazed


jisgwanigosga jisgwanigosgo’i aksgwanigosv’i jisgwanigohi aksgwanigohisdi

hisgwanigosga hisgwanigosgo’i tsgwanigosv’i hisgwanigohi tsgwanigohisdi

asgwanigosga asgwanigosgo’i usgwanigosv’i asgwanigohi usgwanigohisdi

anisgwanigosga anisgwanigosgo’i unisgwanigosv’i anisgwanigohi unisgwanigohisdi

idisgwanigosga idisgwanigosgo’i igisgwanigosv’i idisgwanigohi igisgwanigohisdi

Verb : Ahltawo’a S/he’s Combing His/Her Own Hair


galitawo’a galitawosgo’i agwahltawo’v’i galitawoja agwahltawosdi

hahltawo’a hahltawosgo’i jahltawo’v’i hahltawoja jahltawosdi

ahltawo’a ahltawosgo’i uhltawo’v’i ahltawoja uhltawosdi

danahltawo’a danahltawosgo’i dunahltawo’v’i dinahltawoja junahltawosdi

dedahltawo’a dedahltawosgo’i degahltawo’v’i didahltawoja digahltawosdi

69

Verb : Ahnehiha S/he’s Wrestling


gahnehiha gahnehiho’i agwahnehlv’i gahnega agwahnesdi

hahnehiha hahnehiho’i jahnehlv’i hahnega jahnesdi

ahnehiha ahnehiho’i uhnehlv’i ahnega uhnesdi

anahnehiha anahnehiho’i unahnehlv’i anahnega unahnesdi

idahnehiha idahnehiho’i igahnehlv’i idahnega igahnesdi

Verb : Ajanvsga S/he’s Dressing Up


gajanvsga gajanvsgo’i agwajanvhnv’i gajanvna agwajanvhdi

hajanvsga hajanvsgo’i jajanvhnv’i hajanvna jajanvhdi

ajanvsga ajanvsgo’i ujanvhnv’i ajanvna ujanvhdi

anajanvsga anajanvsgo’i unajanvhnv’i anajanvna unajanvhdi

idajanvsga idajanvsgo’i igajanvhnv’i idajanvna igajanvhdi

Verb : Gadeysdiha S/he’s Turning It


jideyasdiha jideyasdisgo’i akdeystanv’i jideyasda akdeysdohdi

hideysdiha hideysdisgo’i tsdeystanv’i hideysda tsdeysdohdi

gadeysdiha gadeysdisgo’i uwadeystanv’i gadeysda uwadeysdohdi

anideysdiha anideysdisgo’i unideystanv’i anideysda unideysdohdi

idideysdiha idideysdisgo’i igadeystanv’i idideysda igideysdohdi

Verb : Ajelvsga S/he’s Acting Like Him/Her


gajelvsga gajelvsgo’i agwajelvhnv’i gajvelvna agwajehldi

hajelvsga hajelvsgo’i jajelvhnv’i hajelvna jajehldi

ajelvsga ajelvsgo’i ujelvhnv’i ajelvna ujehldi

anajelvsga anajelvsgo’i unajelvhnv’i anajelvna unajehldi

idajelvsga idajelvsgo’i igajelvhnv’i idajelvna igajehldi

70

Verb : Atkohvsga S/he’s Becoming Wise


jigatohvsga jigatohvsgo’i agiktohvsv’i jigato’vhi agikto’vhisdi

hiktohvsga hiktohvsgo’i jaktohvsv’i hikto’vhi jakto’vhisdi

aktohvsga aktohvsgo’i uktohvsv’i akto’vhi ukto’vhisdi

aniktohvsga aniktohvsgo’i uniktohvsv’i anikto’vhi unikto’vhisdi

idiktohvsga idiktohvsgo’i igiktohvsv’i idikto’vhi igikto’vhisdi

Verb : Alsdvhlusga S/he’s Taking a Seat


galisdvhlusga galisdvhlusgo’i agwalsdvhlunv’i galisdvhluga agwalsdvhlusdi

halsdvhlusga halsdvhlusgo’i jalsdvhlunv’i halsdvhluga jalsdvhlusdi

alsdvhlusga alsdvhlugo’i ulsdvhlunv’i alsdvhluga ulsdvhlusdi

analsdvhlusga analsdvhlusgo’i unalsdvhlunv’i analsdvhluga unalsdvhlusdi

idalsdvhlusga idalsdvhlusgo’i igalsdvhlunv’i idalsdvhluga igalsdvhlusdi

Verb : Alsgohldaneha S/he’s Permitting Him/Her


jiyalisgohldaneha jiyalisgohldaneho’i jiyalisgohldanelv’i jiyalisgohldasi jiyalisgohldanehdi

hiyalisgohldaneha hiyalisgohldaneho’i hiyalisgohldanelv’i hiyalisgohldasi hiyalisgohldanehdi

alsgohldaneha alsgohldaneho’i ulsgohldanelv’i alsgohldasi ulsgohldanehdi

analsgohldaneha analsgohldaneho’i unalsgohldanelv’i analsgohldasi unalsgohldanehdi

edalsgohldaneha edalsgohldaneho’i edgalsgohldanelv’i edalsgohldasi edalsgohldanehdi

Verb : Alsvsdiha S/he’s Smelling It


galisvsdiha galisvsdisgo’i agwalsvstanv’i galisvsda agwalsvsdohdi

halsvsdiha halsvsdisgo’i jalsvstanv’i halsvsda jalsvsdohdi

alsvsdiha alsvsdisgo’i ulsvstanv’i alsvsda ulsvsdohdi

analsvsdiha analsvsdisgo’i unalsvstanv’i analsvsda unalsvsdohdi

idalsvsdiha idalsvsdisgo’i igalsvstanv’i idalsvsda igalsvsdohdi

71

Verb : Aseheha S/he’s Showing Him/Her


jiyaseheha jiyaseheho’i jiyasehelv’i jiysehisi jiyasehehdi

hiyaseheha hiyaseheho’i hiyasehelv’i hiyasehisi hiyasehehdi

aseheha aseheho’i usehelv’i asehisi usehehdi

anaseheha anaseheho’i unasehelv’i anasehisi unasehehdi

edaseheha edaseheho’i edasehelv’i edasehisi edasehehdi

Verb : Asgaga S/he’s Reprimanding Him


jisgaga jisgago’i jisgajv’i jisgagi jisgaysdi

hisgaga hisgago’i hisgajv’i hisgagi / hisgagi hisgaysdi

asgaga asgago’i usgajv’i asgagi usgaysdi

anisgaga anisgago’i unisgajv’i anisgagi unisgaysdi

edisgaga edisgago’i edisgajv’i edisgagi edisgaysdi

Verb : Asgitsga S/he’s Dreaming About Him/It


jiyasgitsga

gasgitsga

jiyasgitsgo’i

gasgitsgo’i

jiyasgitsv’i

agwasgitsv’i jiyasgitsa/gasgitsa

jiyasgitsdi

agwasgitsdi

hiyasgitsga

hasgitsga

hiyasgitsgo’i

hasgitsgo’i

hiyasgitsv’i

jasgitsv’i hiyasgitsa / hasgitsa

hiyasgitsdi

jasgitsdi

asgitsga asgitsgo’i usgitsv’i asgitsa usgitsdi

anasgitsga anasgitsgo’i unasgitsv’i anasgitsa unasgitsdi

edasgitsga

idasgitsga

edasgitsgo’i

idasgitsgo’i

edasgitsv’i

igasgitsv’i edasgitsa

edasgitsdi

igasgitsdi

Verb : Asinega S/he’s Backing Up


gasinega gasinego’i agwasinvsv’i gasinuga agwasinvsdi

hasinega hasinego’i jasinvsv’i hasinuga jasinvsdi

asinega asinego’i usinvsv’i asinuga usinvsdi

anasinega anasinego’i unasinvsv’i anisinuga unasinvsdi

idasinega idasinego’i igasinvsv’i idisinuga igasinvsdi

72

Verb : Ayohisdiha S/he’s Taking a Break


ji’yohisdiha ji’yohisdisgo’i agiyohisdtanv’i ji’yohisda agiyohisdohdi

hiyohisdiha hiyohisdisgo’i jayohisdtanv’i hiyohisda jayohisdohdi

ayohisdiha ayohisdisgo’i uyohisdtanv’i ayohisda uyohisdohdi

aniyohisdiha aniyohisdisgo’i uniyohisdtanv’i aniyohisda uniyohisdohdi

idiyohisdiha idiyohisdisgo’i igiyohisdtanv’i idiyohisda igiyohisdohdi

Verb : Gudale’a S/he’s Unhitching/Unplugging/Unhooking It


jiyudale’a

gudale’a

jiyudalesgo’i

gudalesgo’i

jiyudalesv’i

agwudalesv’i

Jiyudalagi

gudalagi

jiyudalesdi

agwudalesdi

hiyudale’a

hudale’a

hiyudalesgo’i

hudalesgo’i

hiyudalesv’i

judalesv’i

Hiyudalagi

hudalagi

hiyudalesdi

judalesdi

gudale’a gudalesgo’i uwudalesv’i gudalagi uwudalesdi

anudale’a anudalesgo’i unudalesv’i anudalagi unudalesdi

idudale’a idudalesgo’i igudalesv’i idudalagi igudalesdi

Verb : Gudalvsga S/he’s Hitching/Plugging/Hooking It Up


jiyudalvsga

gudalvsga

jiyudalvsgo’i

gudalvsgo’i

jiyudalvnv’i

agwudalvnv’i

jiyudalv’vga

gudalv’vga

jiyudalvdi

agwudalvdi

hiyudalvsga

hudalvsga

hiyudalvsgo’i

hudalvsgo’i

hiyudalvnv’i

judalvnv’i

hiyudalv’vga

hudalv’vga

hiyudalvdi

judalvdi

gudalvsga gudalvsgo’i uwudalvnv’i gudalv’vga uwudalvdi

anudalvsga anudalvsgo’i unudalvnv’i anudalv’vga unudalvdi

idudalvsga idudalvsgo’i igudalvnv’i idudalv’vga igudalvdi

Verb : Udayvlata It’s in View


agwadayvlata agwadayvlato’i agwadayvlatv’i agwadayvlatesdi agwadayvlatdi

jadayvlata jadayvlato’i jadayvlatv’i jadayvlatesdi jadayvlatdi

udayvlata udayvlato’i udayvlatv’i udayvlatesdi udayvlatdi

unadayvlata unadayvlato’i unadayvlatv’i unadayvlatesdi unadayvlatdi

igadayvlata igadayvlato’i igadayvlatv’i igadayvlatesdi igadayvlatdi

73

Verb : Uhyvdla uniyiha S/he Has a Cold


uhyvdla agi’niyiha uhyvdla agi’niyisgo’i uhyvdla agi’niyvhv’i uhyvdla wagi’niya uhyvdla agi’niyhdi

uhyvdla ja’niyiha uhyvdla ja’niyisgo’i uhyvdla ja’niyvhv’i uhyvdla wija’niya uhyvdla ja’niyhdi

uhyvdla uniyiha uhyvdla uniyisgo’i uhyvdla uniyvhv’i uhyvdla wuniya uhyvdla uniyhdi

uhyvdla uni’niyiha uhyvdla uni’niyisgo’i uhyvdla uni’niyihv’i uhyvdla wuni’niya uhyvdla uni’niyhdi

uhyvdla igi’niyiha uhyvdla igi’niyisgo’i uhyvdla igi’niyvhv’i uhyvdla wigi’niya uhyvdla igi’niyhdi

Verb : Ali’idiha S/he’s Exchanging/Trading It


gali’idi’a gali’idisgo’i agwali’idv’i gali’ida agwali’idisdi

hali’idi’a hali’idisgo’i jali’idv’i hali’ida jali’idisdi

ali’idi’a ali’idisgo’i uli’idv’i ali’ida uli’idisdi

anali’idi’a anali’idisgo’i unali’idv’i anali’ida unali’idisdi

idali’idi’a idali’idisgo’i igali’idv’i idali’ida igali’idisdi

Verb : Kane’isdiha S/he’s Mentioning It


jine’isdiha jine’isdisgo’i akine’istanv’i jine’isda akine’isdohdi

hihne’isdiha hihne’isdisgo’i jahne’istanv’i hihne’isda jahne’isdohdi

kane’isdiha kane’isdisgo’i uhne’istanv’i ahne’isda uhne’isdohdi

anihne’isdiha anihne’isdisgo’i unihne’istanv’i anihne’isda unihne’isdohdi

idihne’isdiha idihne’isdisgo’i igihne’istanv’i idihne’isda igihne’isdohdi

Verb : Anadahlisiha They are Gathering (in a group)


anadahlisiha anadahlisisgo’i unadahlisahnv’i anadahlisa unadahlisohdi

ijadahlisiha ijadahlisisgo’i ijadahlisahnv’i ijadahlisa ijadahlisohdi

sdadahlisiha sdadahlisisgo’i sdadahlisahnv’i sdadahlisa sdadahlisohdi

ojadahlisiha ojadahlisisgo’i ogadahlisahnv’i ojadahlisa ogadahlisohdi

idadahlisiha idadahlisisgo’i igadahlisahnv’i idadahlisa igadahlisohdi

74

Verb : Ahnesgeha S/he’s Building It (25)


ganesgeha ganesgesgo’i agwahnesgehv’i ganesgvla agwahnesgehdi

hahnesgeha hahnesgesgo’i jahnesgehv’i hahnesgvla jahnesgehdi

ahnesgeha ahnesgesgo’i uhnesgehv’i ahnesgvla uhnesgehdi

anahnesgeha anahnesgesgo’i unahnesgehv’i anahnesgvla unahnesgehdi

idahnesgeha idahnesgesgo’i igahnesgehv’i idahnesgvla igahnesgehdi

Verb : Ajihlosga S/he Losing (A Game) / Being Beaten (Game)


vgwtlosga vgwtlosgo’i vgwtlosv’i vgwtlohi vgwtlohisdi

ejahlosga ejahlosgo’i ejahlosv’i ejahlohi ejahlohisdi

ajihlosga ajihlosgo’i ajihlosv’i ajihlohi ajihlohisdi

gejihlosga gejihlosgo’i gejihlosv’i gejihlohi gejihlohisdi

egihlosga egihlosgo’i egihlosv’i egihlohi egihlohisdi

Verb : Ganatla’a S/he Has an Animal


jinatla’a jinatla’o’i aginatla’v’i jinatla x

hinatla’a hinatla’o’i janatla’v’i hinatla

ganatla’a ganatla’o’i unatla’v’i ganatla

aninatla’a aninatla’o’i uninatla’v’i aninatla

idinatla’a idinatla’o’i iginatla’v’i idinatla

Verb :


75

Verb : Yigi Is Not / Was / Will Be

Present Tense Habitual Tense Past Future Pronoun Form

tla yigi geso’i jigesv’i gesesdi It

Verb : Nigalstanvsga It is Happening/Becoming

Present Tense Habitual Tense Past Future Infinitive

nigalstanvsga nigalstanvsgo’i nigalsda / nulstanv’i nidagalstani iyuhlstohdi

Verb : Adaleniha It Is Beginning/Starting


adaleniha adalenisgo’i udalenvhv’i dvdalenvhi udalenhdi

Verb : Alsgwadi’a It Is Ending/Finishing


alsgwadi’a alsgwadisgo’i ulsgwadv’i dvlsgwadi ulsgwadisdi

Verb : Ayogi It Is Breaking


ayogi ayogo’i uyojv’i dvyoji uyoysdi

Verb : Asvga It Smells


asvga asvgo’i asvgv’i asvgesdi It

Verb : Galiga It Is Burning


galiga galigo’i ulijv’i dagaliji It

Verb : Galihwoga It Is Dying (Animal/Plant)


galihwoga galihwogo’i ulihwojv’i dagalihwoji ulihwosdi

*DF has this conjugated in “I” form as well

Verb : Gata It Is Hanging


gata gato’i gatv’i gatesdi It

Immediate – /hatesdi/

76

Verb : Ahli’ilidoha It’s Taking Time (22)

Present Tense Habitual Tense Completive Past Future Infinitive

ahli’ilidoha ahli’ilidoho’i uhli’ilidolv’i dvhli’ilidoli uhli’ilidasdi

Verb : Alidliha It’s Boiling (39)

Present Tense Habitual Tense Completive Past Future Infinitive

alidliha alidlisgo’i ulidlvhv’i dvlidlvhi ulihldi

Verb : Kanegwoga It’s Increasing/Accumulating (140)


kanegwoga kanegwogo’i uhnehgwojv’i hihnehgwogi uhnehgwo’isdi

Verb : Kdlosga Fire/Light is Going Out (143)


- - - hvhdlohi -

kdlosga kdlosgo’i uwhdlosv’i kdlohi uwhdlohisdi

anvhdlosga anvhdlosgo’i unhdlosv’i anvhdlohi unhdlohisdi

77

WEATHER TERMINOLOGY

Verb : Agasga Raining (It is)

Present Immediate Habitual Completive Past Future Infinitive

agasga agana agasgo’i ugahnanv’i dvgahnani uganhdi

Verb : Aganawosga Getting Warm (It is)


aganawosga aganawa aganawosgo’i uganawosv’i dvganawosi uganawosdi

Verb : Gutiha Snowing (It is)


gutiha gutiho’i uwutahnv’i dagutahni uwutodi

Verb : Agaliha Shining (Moon/Sun Is)


agaliha agalisgo’i ugalisv’i dvgalisi ugalihisdi

Verb : Ganolvsga Windy (It is)


ganolvsga ganolvsgo’i ganolvsgv’i ganolvsgesdi unolvsdi

Verb : Unesahyvdla Cool (It is)


unesahyvdla unesahyvdlo’i unesahyvdlv’i unesahyvdlesdi unesahyvdisdi

Verb : Uhyvdladi Cold (It is)


uhyvdladi uhyvdlo’i uhyvdlv’i uhyvdlesdi uhyvdladisdi

Verb : Uditlega Hot (It is)


uditlega uditlego’i uditlegv’i uditlegesdi uganawohisdi

Verb : Ahyahtvhvsga Frosting (It is)


ahyahtvhvsga ahyahtvhvsgo’i uhyatvhnv’i dvhyatvhni uhyahtvdi

78

Verb : Ganesdaladi’a Freezing (It is)


ganesdaladi’a ganesdaladisgo’i unesdaladv’i daganesdaladi unesdaladisdi

Verb : Ulogila Cloudy (It is)


ulogila ulogilo’i ulogilv’i ulogilesdi X

Verb : Ulsihga Dark (It is)


ulsihga ulsihgo’i ulsihgv’i ulsihgesdi X

Verb : Ukvhada Foggy (It is)


ukvhada ukvhado’i ukvhadv’i ukvhadesdi X

Verb : Ganesoysga Hailing (It is)


ganesoysga ganesoysgo’i unesoysv’i daganesoysi unesoysdi

Verb : Ahyvdagwalo’a Thundering (It is)


ahyvdagwalo’a ahyvdagwalosgo’i uhyvdagwalo’v’i dvhyvdagwalo’i uhyvdagwalosdi

Verb : Anagaliha Lightning (It is)


anagaliha anagalisgo’i unagalvhv’i dvnagalvhi x

79

Verb : Wigakahvsga Send (living)


wijiyakahvsga wijiyakahvsgo’i wijiyakanv’i wijiyakahvga wijiyakohdi

hwiyakahvsga hwiyakahvsgo’i hwiyakanv’i hwiyakahvga hwiyakohdi

wigakahvsga wigakahvsgo’i wuwakanv’i wigakahvga wuwakohdi

wanakahvsga wanakahvsgo’i wunakanv’i wanakahvga wunakohdi

Verb : Wahvsga Send (neutral)


wiji’vsga wiji’vsgo’i wagihnv’i wiji’vga wagihdi

hwihvsga hwihvsgo’i wijahnv’i hwihvga wijahdi

wahvsga wahvsgo’i wuhnv’i wahvga wuhdi

wanihvsga wanihvsgo’i wunihnv’i wanihvga wunihdi

Verb : Wadi’a Send (long)


wijidi’a wijidisgo’i wagidv’i wijida wagidisdi

hwidi’a hwidisgo’i wijadv’i hwida wijadisdi

wadi’a wadisgo’i wudv’i wada wudisdi

wanidi’a wanidisgo’i wunidv’i wanida wunidisdi

Verb : Wiganv’vsga Send (flexible)


wijinv’vsga wijinv’vsgo’i waginvnv’i wijinv’vga waginvdi

hwinv’vsga hwinv’vsgo’i wijanvnv’i hwinv’vga wijanvdi

wiganv’vsga wiganv’vsgo’i wunvnv’i wiganv’vga wunvdi

waninv’vsga waninv’vsgo’i wuninvnv’i waninv’vga wuninvdi

Verb : Wiganehvsga Send (liquid)


wijine’vsga wijine’vsgo’i waginehnv’i wijine’vga waginehdi

hwinehvsga hwinehvsgo’i wijanehnv’i hwinehvga wijanehdi

wiganehvsga wiganehvsgo’i wunehnv’i wiganehvga wunehdi

waninehvsga waninehvsgo’i wuninehnv’i waninehvga wunihehdi

80

Verb : Ahwahtiha Find (living)


ji’wahtiha ji’wahtisgo’i ji’wahtvhv’i ji’wahta ji’wahtvhdi

hihwahtiha hihwahtisgo’i hihwahtvhv’i hihwahta hihwahtvhdi

ahwahtiha ahwahtisgo’i uhwahtvhv’i ahwahta uhwahtvhdi

anihwahtiha anihwahtisgo’i unihwahtvhv’i anihwahta unihwahtvhdi

Verb : Ahwahtiha Find (neutral)


jiwahtiha jiwahtisgo’i agihwahtvhv’i jiwahta agihwahtvhdi

hihwahtiha hihwahtisgo’i jahwahtvhv’i hihwahta jahwahtvhdi

ahwahtiha ahwahtisgo’i uhwahtvhv’i ahwahta uhwahtvhdi

anihwahtiha anihwahtisgo’i unihwahtvhv’i anihwahta unihwahtvhdi

Verb : Ayvhwahtiha Find (long)


jiyv’wahtiha jiyv’wahtisgo’i agiyvhwahtvhv’i jiyv’wahta agiyvhwahtvhdi

hiyvhwahtiha hiyvhwahtisgo’i jayvhwahtvhv’i hiyvhwahta jayvhwahtvhdi

ayvhwahtiha ayvhwahtisgo’i uyvhwahtvhv’i ayvhwahta uyvhwahtvhdi

aniyvhwahtiha aniyvhwahtisgo’i uniyvhwahtvhv’i aniyvhwahta uniyvhwahtvhdi

Verb : Ganawhtiha Find (flexible)


jinawhtiha jinawhtisgo’i aginawhtvhv’i jinawhta aginawhtvhdi

hinawhtiha hinawhtisgo’i janawhtvhv’i hinawhta janawhtvhdi

ganawhtiha ganawhtisgo’i unawhtvhv’i ganawhta unawhtvhdi

aninawhtiha aninawhtisgo’i uninawhtvhv’i aninawhta uninawhtvhdi

Verb : Ganehwahtiha Find (liquid)


jinewahtiha jinehwahtisgo’i aginehwahtvhv’i jinehwahta aginehwahtvhdi

hinehwahtiha hinehwahtisgo’i janehwahtvhv’i hinehwahta janehwahtvhdi

ganehwahtiha ganehwahtisgo’i unehwahtvhv’i ganehwahta unehwahtvhdi

aninehwahtiha aninehwahtisgo’i uninehwahtvhv’i aninehwahta uninehwahtvhdi

81

Verb : Wahyaniha Get (living)


wiji’yaniha wiji’yanisgo’i wiji’yanvhv’i wijiyana wiji’hyanhdi

hwihyaniha hwihyanisgo’i hwihyanvhv’i hwiyana hwihyanhdi

wahyaniha wigahyanisgo’i wuhyanvhv’i wayana wuhyanhdi

wanihyaniha wanihyanisgo’i wunihyanvhv’i waniyana wunihyanhdi

Verb : Wagi’a Get (neutral)


wijigi’a wijisgo’i wagigisv’i wijigi wagigisdi

hwigi’a hwigisgo’i wijagisv’i hwigi wijagisdi

wagi’a wagisgo’i wugisv’i wagi wugisdi

wanigi’a wanigisgo’i wunigisv’i wanigi wunigisdi

Verb : Wayiha Get (long)


wijiyi’a wijiyisgo’i wagiyvhv’i wijiya wagiyhdi

hwiyiha hwiyisgo’i wijayvhv’i hwiya wijayhdi

wayiha wayisgo’i wuyvhv’i waya wuyhdi

waniyiha waniyisgo’i wuniyvhv’i waniya wuniyhdi

Verb : Wigane’a Get (flexible)


wijine’a wijinesgo’i waginesv’i wijinagi waginesdi

hwine’a hwinesgo’i wijanesv’i hwinagi wijanesdi

wigane’a wiganesgo’i wunesv’i wiganagi wunesdi

wanine’a waninesgo’i wuninesv’i waninagi wuninesdi

Verb : Wiganegi’a Get (liquid)


wijinegi’a wijinegisgo’i waginegisv’i wijinegi waginegisdi

hwinegi’a hwinegisgo’i wijanegisv’i hwinegi wijanegisdi

wiganegi’a wiganegisgo’i wunegisv’i wiganegi wunegisdi

waninegi’a waninegisgo’i wuninegisv’i waninegi wuninegisdi

82

Verb : Gakaneha Give/Pass (living)


jiyakaneha jiyakaneho’i jiyakanelv’i jiyakasi jiyakanehdi

hiyakaneha hiyakaneho’i hiyakanelv’i hiyakasi hiyakanehdi

gakaneha gakaneho’i uwakanelv’i wigakasi uwakanehdi

anikaneha anikaneho’i unikanelv’i wanikasi unikanehdi

Verb : Ahneha Give/Pass (neutral)


ji’neha ji’neho’i ji’nelv’i jihvsi ji’nehdi

hihneha hihneho’i hihnelv’i hihvsi hihnehdi

ahneha ahneho’i uhnelv’i ahvsi uhnehdi

anihneha anihneho’i unihnelv’i anihvsi unihnehdi

Verb : Adeha Give/Pass (long)


jideha jideho’i jidelv’i jidisi jidehdi

hideha hideho’i hidelv’i hidisi hidehdi

adeha adeho’i udelv’i adisi udehdi

anideha anideho’i unidelv’i anidisi unidehdi

Verb : Ganvneha Give/Pass (flexible)


jinvneha jinvneho’i jinvnelv’i jinvvsi jinvnehdi

hinvneha hinvneho’i hinvnel’v hinvvsi hinvnehdi

ganvneha ganvneho’i unvnelv’i wiganvvsi unvnehdi

aninvneha aninvneho’i uninvnel’v waninvvsi uninvnehdi

Verb : Ganehneha Give/Pass (liquid)


jine’neha jine’neho’i jinehnelv’i jine’vsi jinehnehdi

hinehneha hinehneho’i hinehnelv’i hinehvsi hinehnehdi

ganehneha ganehneho’i unehnelv’i wiganehvsi unehnehdi

aninehneha aninehneho’i uninehnelv’i aninehvsi unehnehdi

83

Verb : Uwekaha Have (living)


agikaha agikaho’i agikahv’i agikahesdi agikohdi

jekaha jekaho’i jekahv’i jekahesdi jekohdi

uwekaha uwekaho’i uwekahv’i uwekahesdi uwekohdi

unekaha unekaho’i unekahv’i unekahesdi unekohdi

Verb : Uha Have (neutral)


agiha agiho’i agihv’i agihesdi agihdi

jaha jaho’i jahv’i jahesdi jahdi

uha uho’i uhv’i uhesdi uhdi

uniha uniho’i unihv’i unihesdi unihdi

Verb : Uwaya Have (long)


agwvya agwvyo’i agwvyv’i agwvyesdi agwvdisdi

jvya jvyo’i jvyv’i jvyesdi jvdisdi

uwaya uwayo’i uwayv’i uwayesdi udisdi

unvya unvyo’i unvyv’i unvyesdi unvdisdi

Verb : Una’a Have (flexible)


agina’a agina’o’i agina’v’i agina’esdi aginvdi

jana’a jana’o’i jana’v’i jana’esdi janvdi

una’a una’o’i una’v’i una’esdi unvdi

unina’a unina’o’i unina’v’i unina’esdi uninvdi

Verb : Uneha Have (liquid)


agineha agineho’i aginehv’i aginehesdi aginehdi

janeha janeho’i janehv’i janehesdi janehdi

uneha uneho’i unehv’i unehesdi unehdi

unineha unineho’i uninehv’i uninehesdi uninehdi

84

Verb : Atihneha Have With / Hold in Hand (living)


jiyatihneha jiyatihneho’i x x jiyatihnvdi

hiyatihneha hiyatihneho’i

atihneha atihneho’i utihnvdi

anatihneha anatihneho’i unatihnvdi

Verb : Ahyeha Have With / Hold in Hand (neutral)


ji’yeha ji’yeho’i ji’yehv’i ji’yehesdi ji’yehi

hihyeha hihyeho’i hihyehv’i hihyehesdi hihyehi

ahyeha ahyeho’i ahyehv’i ahyehesdi gahyehi

anihyeha anihyeho’i anihyehv’i anihyehesdi anihyehi

Verb : Ganeha Have With / Hold in Hand (long)


jine’a jine’o’i jine’v’i jine’esdi jine’i

hineha hineho’i hinehv’i hinehesdi hinehi

ganeha ganeho’i ganehv’i ganehesdi ganehi

anineha anineho’i aninehv’i aninehesdi aninehi

Verb : Gahneha Have With / Hold in Hand (flexible)


ji’neha ji’neho’i ji’nehv’i ji’nehesdi ji’nehi

hihneha hihneho’i hihnehv’i hihnehesdi hihnehi

gahneha gahneho’i gahnehv’i gahnehesdi gahnehi

anihneha anihneho’i anihnehv’i anihnehesdi anihnehi

Verb : Ganhjeha Have With / Hold in Hand (liquid)


jinejeha jinejeho’i jinejehv’i jinejehesdi jinejehi

hinhjeha hinhjeho’i hinhjehv’i hinhjehesdi hinhjehi

ganhjeha ganhjeho’i ganhjehv’i ganhjehesdi ganhjehi

aninhjeha aninhjeho’i aninhjehv’i aninhjehesdi aninhjehi

85

Verb : Gane’a Pick Up/Put Up (living)


jine’a jinesgo’i jinesv’i jinagi jinesdi

hine’a hinesgo’i hinesv’i hinagi hinesdi

gane’a ganesgo’i unesv’i ganagi unesdi

anine’a aninesgo’i uninesv’i aninagi uninesdi

Verb : Agi’a Pick Up/Put Up (neutral)


jigi’a jigisgo’i agigisv’i wijigi agigisdi

higi’a higisgo’i jagisv’i hwigi jagisdi

agi’a agisgo’i ugisv’i wagi ugisdi

anigi’a anigisgo’i unigisv’i wanigi unigisd

Verb : Ayiha Pick Up/Put Up (long)


jiyi’a jiyisgo’i agiyvhv’i wijiya agiyhdi

hiyiha hiyisgo’i jayvhv’i hwiya jayhdi

ayiha ayisgo’i uyvhv’i waya uyhdi

aniyiha aniyisgo’i uniyvhv’i waniya uniyhdi

Verb : Gane’a Pick Up/Put Up (flexible)


jine’a jinesgo’i aginesv’i wijinagi aginesdi

hine’a hinesgo’i janesv’i hwinagi janesdi

gane’a ganesgo’i unesv’i wiganagi unesdi

anine’a aninesgo’i uninesv’i waninagi uninesdi

Verb : Ganegi’a Pick Up/Put Up (liquid)


jinegi’a jinegisgo’i aginegisv’i wijinegi aginegisdi

hinegi’a hinegisgo’i janegisv’i hwinegi janegisdi

ganegi’a ganegisgo’i unegisv’i wiganegi unegisdi

aninegi’a aninegisgo’i uninegisv’i waninegi uninegisdi

86

Verb : Atihnawidiha Take Along (living)


jiyatihnawidiha jiyatihnawidisgo’i jiyatihnawidvhv’i jiyatihnawida jiyatihnawitdi

hiyatihnawidiha hiyatihnawidisgo’i hiyatihnawidvhv’i hiyatihnawida hiyatihnawitdi

atihnawidiha atihnawidisgo’i utihnawidvhv’i atihnawida utihnawitdi

anhtihnawidiha anhtihnawidisgo’i unhtihnawidvhv’i anhtihnawida unhtihnawitdi

Verb : Ahwidiha Take Along (neutral)


ji’widiha ji’widisgo’i aki’widvhv’i ji’wida akiwitdi

hihwidiha hihwidisgo’i jahwidvhv’i hihwida jahwitdi

ahwidiha ahwidisgo’i uhwidvhv’i ahwida uhwitdi

anihwidiha anihwidisgo’i unihwidvhv’i anihwida unihwitdi

Verb : Ayhwidiha Take Along (long)


jiyv’widiha jiyv’widisgo’i agiyvhwidvhv’i jiyv’wida agiyvhwitdi

hiyvhwidiha hiyvhwidisgo’i jayvhwidvhv’i hiyvhwida jayvhwitdi

ayvhwidiha ayvhwidisgo’i uyvhwidvhv’i ayvhwida uyvhwitdi

aniyvhwidiha aniyvhwidisgo’i uniyvhwidvhv’i aniyvhwida uniyvhwitdi

Verb : Ganawidiha Take Along (flexible)


jinawidiha jinawidisgo’i aginawidvhv’i jinawida aginawitdi

hinawidiha hinawidisgo’i janawidvhv’i hinawida janawitdi

ganawidiha ganawidisgo’i unawidvhv’i ganawida unawitdi

aninawidiha aninawidisgo’i uninawidvhv’i aninawida uninawitdi

Verb : Ganehwidiha Take Along (liquid)


jine’widiha jine’widisgo’i aginehwidvhv’i jine’wida aginehwitdi

hinehwidiha hinehwidisgo’i jenehwidvhv’i hinehwida janehwitdi

ganehwidiha ganehwidisgo’i unehwidvhv’i ganehwida unehwitdi

aninehwidiha aninehwidisgo’i uninehwidvhv’i aninehwida uninehwitdi

87

Verb : Atihnohiha Bring (living)


jiyatihnohiha jiyatihnohiho’i jiyatihnohihlv’i jiyatihnoga jiyatihnohisdi

hiyatihnohiha hiyatihnohiho’i hiyatihnohihlv’i hiyatihnoga hiyatihnohisdi

atihnohiha atihnohiho’i utihnohihlv’i watihnoga utihnohisdi

anatihnohiha anatihnohiho’i unatihnohihlv’i wanatihnoga unatihnohisdi

Verb : Ahyohiha Bring (neutral)


ji’yohiha ji’yohiho’i agihyohlv’i ji’yoga akiyohisdi

hihyohiha hihyohiho’o jahyohlv’i hihyoga jahyohisdi

ahyohiha ahyohiho’i uhyohlv’i wahyoga uhyohisdi

anihyohiha anihyohiho’i unihyohlv’i wanihyoga unihyohisdi

Verb : Ganohiha Bring (long)


jinohiha jinohiho’i aginohlv’i jinoga aginohisdi

hinohiha hinohiho’i janohlv’i hinoga janohisdi

ganohiha ganohiho’i uwanohlv’i wiganoga uwanohisdi

aninohiha aninohiho’i uninohlv’i waninoga uninohisdi

Verb : Gahnohiha Bring (flexible)


ji’nohiha ji’nohiho’i agihnolv’i ji’noga agihnohisdi

hihnohiha hihnohiho’i jahnolv’i hihnoga jahnohisdi

gahnohiha gahnohiho’i uhnolv’i wigahnoga uhnohisdi

anihnohiha anihnohiho’i unihnolv’i wanihnoga unihnohisdi

Verb : Ganhjohiha Bring (liquid)


jinejohiha jinejohiho’i aginhjohlv’i jinejoga aginhjohisdi

hinhjohiha hiinhjohiho’i janhjohlv’i hinhjoga janhjohisdi

ganhjohiha ganhjohiho’i unhjohlv’i wiganhjoga unhjohisdi

aninhjohiha aninhjohiho’i uninhjohlv’i waninhjoga uninhjohisdi

88

Verb : Galosga Fall from Elevated Position (living)


jilosga jilosgo’i agilosv’i jilohi agilohisdi

hilosga hilosgo’i jalosv’i hilohi jalohisdi

galosga galosgo’i ulosv’i wigalohi ulohisdi

anilosga anilosgo’i unilosv’i wanilohi unilohisdi

Verb : Gohosga Fall from Elevated Position, IT (neutral; long)


gohosga gohosgo’i uwohosv’i wigohohi uwohohisdi

Verb : LONG – SAME AS NEUTRAL


gohosga gohosgo’i uwohosv’i wigohohi uwohohisdi

Verb : Gadosga Fall from Elevated Position, IT (flexible)


gadosga gadosgo’i udosv’i wigadohi udohisdi

Verb : No Form for Liquid


x x x x x

Only the verb form for “animate” relates to people. To say “I am falling” is /jilosga/. The third

person form of /galosga/ can refer to a person OR a living thing.

/Yudanawstana, ugodi galosgo’i/ ‘She falls a lot when she runs’

/Hlgv wesa ulosv’i/ ‘The cat fell from the tree’

The other categories for “falling” such as /gohosga/ and /gadosga/ refer to objects falling from an

elevated position. /Gohosga/ refers to objects that are either neutral or long/rigid. /Gadosga/ refers

to objects that are flexible. There is no category for “liquid” – To say “liquid” is falling, say from a

table on which it was poured/spilled, then the form used would be “spilling.” If liquid were in a

container and the container fell, the form used would refer to the shape of the container.

89

Verb : Ahyaniha Receive (living)


ji’yaniha ji’yanisgo’i ji’yanvhv’i ji’yana ji’yanhdi

hihyaniha hihyanisgo’i hihyanvhv’i hwahyana hihyanhdi

ahyaniha ahyanisgo’i uhyanvhv’i wahyana uhyanhdi

anihyaniha anihyanisgo’i unihyanvhv’i wanihyana unihyanhdi

Verb : Agi’a Receive (neutral)


jigi’a jigisgo’i jigisv’i jigi agigisdi

higi’a higisgo’i higisv’i higi jagisdi

agi’a agisgo’i ugisv’i agi ugisdi

anigi’a anigisgo’i unigisv’i anigi unigisdi

Verb : Ayiha Receive (long)


jiyi’a jiyisgo’i agiyvhv’i jiya agiyhdi

hiyiha hiyisgo’i jayvhv’i hiya jayhdi

ayiha ayisgo’i uyvhv’i waya uyhdi

aniyiha aniyisgo’i uniyvhv’i waniya uniyhdi

Verb : Gane’a Receive (flexible)


jine’a jinesgo’i aginesv’i jinaga aginesdi

hine’a hinesgo’i janesv’i hwinaga janesdi

gane’a ganesgo’i unesv’i wiganaga unesdi

anine’a aninesgo’i uninesv’i waninaga uninesdi

Verb : Ganegi’a Receive (liquid)


jinegi’a jinegisgo’i aginegisv’i jinegi aginegisdi

hinegi’a hinegisgo’i janegisv’i hwinegi janegisdi

ganegi’a ganegisgo’i unegisv’i wiganegi unegisdi

aninegi’a aninegisgo’i uningegisv’i waninegi uninegisdi

*Immediate Past forms do not have the /w-/ prefix

90

Verb : Ahlvsga Place on Something (living)


ji’lvsga ji’lvsgo’i ji’lvnv’i ji’lvga ji’lvdi

hihlvsga hihlvsgo’i hihlvnv’i hihlvga hihlvdi

ahlvsga ahlvsgo’i uhlvnv’i ahlvga uhlvdi

anihlvsga anihlvsgo’i unihlvnv’i anihlvga unihlvdi

Verb : Ahlahvsga Place on Something (neutral)


ji’lahvsga ji’lahvsgo’i akhlanv’i ji’lahvga akhlodi

hihlahvsga hihlahvsgo’i tshlanv’i hihlahvga tshlodi

ahlahvsga ahlahvsgo’i uhlanv’i ahlahvga uhlodi

anahlahvsga anahlahvsgo’i unihlanv’i anahlahvga unihlodi

Verb : Ahladi’a Place on Something (long)


ji’ladi’a ji’ladisgo’i akhladv’i ji’lada akhladisdi

hihladi’a hihladisgo’i tshladv’i hihlada tshladisdi

ahladi’a ahladisgo’i uhladv’i ahlada uhladisdi

anihladi’a anihladisgo’i unihladv’i anihlada unihladisdi

Verb : Ahlvsga Place on Something(flexible)


ji’lvsga ji’lvsgo’i akhlvnv’i ji’lvga akhlvdi

hihlvsga hihlvsgo’i tshlvnv’i hihlvga tshlvdi

ahlvsga ahlvsgo’i uhlvnv’i ahlvga uhlvdi

anihlvsga anihlvsgo’i unihlvnv’i anihlvga unihlvdi

Verb : No Form for Liquid – Verb determined by shape of container


*Immediate forms use /wi-/ on them, but IP does not.

91

Verb : No Form


Verb : Agi’a Eat It (neutral)


jigi’a jigisgo’i agigv’i jiga agigisdi

higi’a higisgo’i jagv’i higa jagisdi

agi’a agisgo’i ugv’i aga ugisdi

anigi’a anigisgo’i unigv’i aniga anigisdi

Verb : Asdigi’a Eat It (long)


jisdigi’a jisdigisgo’i aksdigv’i jisdiga aksdigisdi

hisdigi’a hisdigisgo’i tsdigv’i hisdiga tsdigisdi

asdigi’a asdigisgo’i usdigv’i asdiga usdigisdi

anisdigi’a anisdigisgo’i unisdigv’i anisdiga unisdigisdi

Verb : Gahye’a Eat It (flexible)


jiye’a / jiyaye’a jiyesgo’i / jiyayesgo’i agwahya’v’i jiyaga / jiyayaga agwahyesdi

hihye’a / hiyaye’a hihyesgo’i / hiyayesgo’i jahya’v’i hihyaga / hiyayaga jahyesdi

gahye’a gahyesgo’i uwahya’v’i gahyaga uwahyesdi

anihye’a anihyesgo’i unahya’v’i anihyaga unahyesdi

Verb : Aditasga Eating/Drink It (liquid)


gaditasga gaditasgo’i agwaditahv’i gadita agwaditasdi

haditasga haditasgo’i jaditahv’i hadita jaditasdi

aditasga aditasgo’i uditahv’i adita uditasdi

anaditasga anaditasgo’i unaditahv’i anadita unaditasdi

92

Verb : Atihnega Take Somewhere (living)


jiyatihnega jiyatihnego’i jiyatihnvsv’i wijiyatihnuga jiyatihnvsdi

hiyatihnega hiyatihnego’i hiyatihnvsv’i hwiyatihnuga hiyatihnvsdi

atihnega atihnego’i utihnvsv’i watihnuga utihnvsdi

anatihnega anatihnego’i un(a)tihnvsv’i wan(a)tihnuga un(a)tihnvsdi

Verb : Ahyega Take Somewhere (neutral)


ji’yega ji’yego’i akiyvsv’i wiji’yvga akiyvsdi

hihyega hihyego’i chayvsv’i hwihyvga chayvsdi

ahyega ahyego’i uhyvsv’i wahyvga uhyvsdi

anihyega anihyego’i unihyvsv’i anihyvga unihyvsdi

Verb : Ganega Take Somewhere (long)


jinega jinego’i agwanvsv’i wijinvga agwanvsdi

hinega hinego’i janvsv’i hwinvga janvsdi

ganega ganego’i uwanvsv’i wiganvga uwanvsdi

aninega aninego’i unanvsv’i aninvga unanvsdi

Verb : Gahnega Take Somewhere (flexible)


ji’nega ji’nego’i akinvsv’i wiji’nvga akihnvsdi

hihnega hihnego’i chanvsv’i hwihnvga jahnvsdi

gahnega gahnego’i uhnvsv’i wigahnvga uhnvsdi

anihnega anihnego’i unahnvsv’i wanihnvga unihnvsdi

Verb : Ganhjega Take Somewhere (liquid)


jinjega jinjego’i aginhjvsv’i wijinjvga aginhjvsdi

hinhjega hinhjego’i janhjvsv’i hwinhjvga janhjvsdi

ganhjega ganhjego’i unhjvsv’i wiganhjvga unhjvsdi

aninhjega aninhjego’i uninhjvsv’i waninhjvga uninhjvsdi

93

Verb : Gahnidoha Handle/Carry (living)


ji’nidoha ji’nidoho’i jinidolv’i jinida jinidasdi

hihnidoha hihnidoho’i hihnidolv’i hihnida hihnidasdi

gahnidoha gahnidoho’i uhnidolv’i gahnida uhnidasdi

anihnidoha anihnidoho’i anihnidolv’i anihnida unihnidasdi

Verb : Ahidoha Handle/Carry (neutral)


ji’idoha ji’idoho’i agihidolv’i ji’ida agihidasdi

hihidoha hihidoho’i jahidolv’i hihida jahidasdi

ahidoha ahidoho’i uhidolv’i ahida uhidasdi

anihidoha anihidoho’i unihidolv’i anihida unihidasdi

Verb : Ganidoha Handle/Carry (long)


jinidoha jinidoho’i aginidolv’i jinida aginidasdi

hinidoha hinidoho’i janidolv’i hinida janidasdi

ganidoha ganidoho’i uwanidolv’i ganida uwanidasdi

aninidoha aninidoho’i uninidolv’i aninida uninidasdi

Verb : Gahnidoha Handle/Carry (flexible)


ji’nidoha ji’nidoho’i akinidolv’i ji’nida akinidasdi

hihnidoha hihnidoho’i jahnidolv’i hihnida jahnidasdi

gahnidoha gahnidoho’i uhnidolv’i gahnida uhnidasdi

anihnidoha anihnidoho’i unihnidolv’i anihnida unihnidasdi

Verb : Ganhjidoha Handle/Carry (liquid)


jinvjidoha jinvjidoho’i aginhjidolv’i jinvjida aginhjidasdi

hinhjidoha hinhjidoho’i janhjidolv’i hinhjida janhjidasdi

ganhjidoha ganhjidoho’i unhjidolv’i ganhjida unhjidasdi

aninhjidoha aninhjidoho’i uninhjidolv’i aninhjida uninhjidasdi

94

Verb : Gakahiya’a Leave Behind (living)


jiyakahiya’a jiyakahiyasgo’i jiyakahiyv’i jiyakhiya jiyakahiyasdi

hiyakahiya’a hiyakahiyasgo’i hiyakahiyv’i hiyakahiya hiyakahiyasdi

gakahiya’a gakahiyasgo’i uwakahiyv’i gakahiya uwakahiyasdi

anikahiya’a anikahiyasgo’i unikahiyv’i anikahiya unikahiyasdi

Verb : Ahiya’a Leave Behind (neutral)


ji’iya’a ji’iyasgo’i agihiyv’i ji’iya agihiyasdi

hihiya’a hihiyasgo’i jahiyv’i hihiya jahiyasdi

ahiya’a ahiyasgo’i uhiyv’i ahiya uhiyasdi

anihiya’a anihiyasgo’i unihiyv’i anihiya unihiyasdi

Verb : Adisiya’a Leave Behind (long)


jidisiya’a jidisiyasgo’i akdisiyv’i jidisiya akdisiyasdi

hidisiya’a hidisiyasgo’i tsdisiyv’i hidisiya tsdisiyasdi

adisiya’a adisiyasgo’i udisiyv’i adisiya udisiyasdi

anidisiya’a anidisaysgo’i unidisiyv’i anidisiya unidisiyasdi

Verb : Ga’niya’a Leave Behind (flexible)


ji’niya’a ji’niyasgo’i agi’niyv’i ji’niya agi’niyasdi

hi’niya’a hi’niyasgo’i ja’niyv’i hi’niya ja’niyasdi

ga’niya’a ga’niyasgo’i uniyv’i ga’niya uniyasdi

ani’niya’a ani’niyasgo’i uni’niyv’i ani’niya uni’niyasdi

Verb : Ganehiya’a Leave Behind (liquid)


jine’iya’a jine’iyasgo’i aginehiyv’i jine’iya aginehiyasdi

hinehiya’a hinehiyasgo’i janehiyv’i hinehiya janehiyasdi

ganehiya’a ganehiyasgo’i unehiyv’i ganehiya unehiyasdi

aninehiya’a aninehiyasgo’i uninehiyv’i aninehiya uninehiyasdi

95

Verb : Aya’vsga Put in Container (living)


jiya’vsga jiya’vsgo’i jiyanv’i jiya’vga jiyodi

hiya’vsga hiya’vsgo’i hiyanv’i hiya’vga hiyodi

aya’vsga aya’vsgo’i uyanv’i waya’vga uyodi

aniya’vsga aniya’vsgo’i uniyanv’i waniya’vga uniyodi

Verb : Gahlvsga Put in Container (neutral)


ji’lvsga ji’lvsgo’i agihlvanv’i ji’lvga agihldi

hihlvsga hihlvsgo’i jahlanv’i hihlvga jahldi

gahlvsga gahlvsgo’i uhlanv’i wigahlvga uhldi

anihlvsga anihlvsgo’i unihlanv’i wanihlvga unihldi

Verb : Galadi’a Put in Container (long)


jiladi’a jiladisgo’i agila’dv’i jilada agiladisdi

hiladi’a haladisgo’i jala’dv’i hilada jaladisdi

galadi’a galadisgo’i ula’dv’i wigalada uladisdi

aniladi’a aniladisgo’i unila’dv’i wanilada uniladisdi

Verb : Galv’vsga Put in Container (flexible)


jilv’vsga jilv’vsgo’i agilvnv’i jilv’vga agilvdi

hilv’vsga hilv’vsgo’i jalvnv’i hilv’vga jalvdi

galv’vsga galv’vsgo’i ulvnv’i wigalv’vga ulvdi

anilv’vsga anilv’vsgo’i unilvnv’i wanilv’vga unilvdi

Verb : Adli’a Put in Container (liquid)


jidli’a jidlisgo’i agi’dlv’i jidliga agi’dlisdi

hidli’a hidlisgo’i ja’dlv’i hidliga ja’dlisdi

adli’a adlisgo’i u’dlv’i wadliga udlisdi

anidli’a anidlisgo’i uni’dlv’i wanidliga uni’dlisdi

96

Verb : Gakahv’a Move (living)


jiyakahv’i jiyakahvsgo’i jiyakahvsv’i jiyakahvna jiyakahvsdi

hiyakahv’i hiyakahvsgo’i hiyakahvsv’i hiyakahvna hiyakahvsdi

gakahv’a gakahvsgo’i uwakahvsv’i wigakahvna uwakahvsdi

anikahv’i anikahvsgo’i unikahvsv’i wanikahvna unikahvsdi

Verb : Ahv’a Move (neutral) (26)


ji’v’a ji’vsgo’i agihvsv’i ji’vna akvsdi

hihv’a hihvsgo’i jahvsv’i hihvna jahvsdi / chvsdi

ahv’a ahvsgo’i uhvsv’i wahvna uvhsdi

anihv’a anihvsgo’i unihvs’i wanihvna unihvsdi

Verb : Adisiyv’a Move (long)


jidisiyv’a jidisiyvsgo’i agidisiyvsv’i jidisiyvna agidisiyvsdi

hidisiyv’a hidisiyvsgo’i jadisiyvsv’i hidisiyvna jadisiyvsdi

adisiyv’a adisiyvsgo’i udisiyvsv’i wadisiyvna udisiyvsdi

anidisiyv’a anidisiyvsgo’i unidisiyvsv’i wanidisiyvna unidisiyvsdi

Verb : Ga’nv’a Move (flexible)


ji’nv’a ji’nvsgo’i ag’nvsv’i ji’nvna agi’nvsdi

hi’nv’a hi’nvsgo’i ja’nvsv’i hi’nvna ja’nvsdi

ga’nv’a ga’nvsgo’i u’nvsv’i wiga’nvna u’nvsdi

ani’nv’a ani’nvsgo’i uni’nvsv’i wani’nvna uni’nvsdi

Verb : Ganehiyv’a Move (liquid)


jine’iyv’a jine’iyvsgo’i aginehiyvsv’i jine’iyvna aginehiyvsdi

hinehiyv’a hinehiyvsgo’i janehiyvsv’i hinehiyvna janehiyvsdi

ganehiyv’a ganehiyvsgo’i unehiyvsv’i wiganehiyvna unehiyvsdi

aninehiyv’a aninehiyvsgo’i uninehiyvsv’i waninehiyvna uninehiyvsdi

97

Verb : Ganv’vsga Set Down (living)


jinv’vsga jinv’vsgo’i jinvnv’i jinv’vga jinvdi

hinv’vsga hinv’vsgo’i hinvnv’i hinv’vga hinvdi

ganv’vsga ganv’vsgo’i unvnv’i wiganv’vga unvdi

aninv’vsga aninv’vsgo’i uninvnv’i waninv’vga uninvdi

Verb : Ahvsga Set Down (neutral) (26)


ji’vsga ji’vsgo’i agihnv’i ji’vga agihdi

hihvsga hihvsgo’i jahnv’i hihvga jahdi

ahvsga ahvsgo’i uhnv’i wahvga uhdi

anihvsga anihvsgo’i unihnv’i wanihvga unihdi

Verb : Adi’a Set Down (long)


jidi’a jidisgo’i agidv’i jida agidisdi

hidi’a hidisgo’i jadv’i hida jadisdi

adi’a adisgo’i udv’i wada udisdi

anidi’a anidisgo’i unidv’i wanida unidisdi

Verb : Ganv’vsga Set Down (flexible)


jinv’vsga jinv’vsgo’i aginvnv’i jinv’vga aginvdi

hinv’vsga hinv’vsgo’i janvnv’i hinv’vga janvdi

ganv’vsga ganv’vsgo’i unvnv’i wiganv’vga unvdi

aninv’vsga aninv’vsgo’i uninvnv’i waninv’vga uninvdi

Verb : Ganehvsga Set Down (liquid)


jine’vsga jine’vsgo’i aginehnv’i jine’vga aginehdi

hinehvsga hinehvsgo’i janehnv’i hinehvga janehdi

ganehvsga ganehvsgo’i unehnv’i wiganehvga unehdi

aninehvsga aninehvsgo’i uninehnv’i waninehvga uninehdi

98

Verb : Gadv’vsga Hang Up (living)


jiyadv’vsga jiyadv’vsgo’i jiyadvnv’i jiyadv’vga jiyadvdi

hiyadv’vsga hiyadv’vsgo’i hiyadvnv’i hiyadv’vga hiyadvdi

gadv’vsga gadv’vsgo’i udvnv’i wigadv’vga udvdi

anadv’vsga anadv’vsgo’i unadvnv’i wanadv’vga unadvdi

Verb : Gatvsga Hang Up (neutral)


gadvsga gadvsgo’i agwatanv’i gadvga agwatdi

hatvsga hatvsgo’i jatanv’i hatvga jatdi

gatvsga gatvsgo’i utanv’i wigatvga utdi

anatvsga anatvsgo’i unatanv’i wanatvga unatdi

Verb : Ktosadi’a Hang Up (long)


gatosadi’a gatosadisgo’i agwatosadv’i gatosada aktosadisdi

hatosadi’a hatosadisgo’i jatosadv’i hatosada jatosadisdi

ktosadi’a ktosadisgo’i utosadv’i wiktosada uwhtosadisdi

anatosadi’a anatosadisgo’i unatosadv’i wanatosada unatosadisdi

Verb : Gadv’vsga Hang Up (flexible)


gadv’vsga gadv’vsgo’i agwadvnv’i gadv’vga agwadvdi

hadv’vsga hadv’vsgo’i jadvnv’i hadv’vga jadvdi

gadv’vsga gadv’vsgo’i udvnv’i wigadv’vga udvdi

anadv’vsga anadv’vsgo’i unadvnv’i wanadv’vga unadvdi

Verb : x x (liquid)


99

Dinawo – Clothes

Wearing

Person Present Tense Habitual Tense Completive Past Immediate

I dagwahnuwa dagwahnuwo’i dagwahnuwv’i dagwahnuwesdi

You dejahnuwa dejahnuwo’i dejahnuwv’i dejahnuwesdi

S/he duhnuwa duhnuwo’i duhnuwv’i duhnuwesdi

Putting On


I deganiwo’a deganiwogo’i dagwahnawo’v’i diganiwoja

You dehahnawo’a dehahnawogo’i dejahnawo’v’i tahnawoja

S/he dahnawo’a dahnawogo’i duhnawo’v’i dahnawoja

Taking Off


I deganiwe’a deganiwesgo’i dagwahnawesv’i diganiwagi

You dehahnawe’a dehahnawesgo’i dejahnawesv’i tahnawagi

S/he dahnawe’a dahnawesgo’i duhnawesv’i dahnawagi

Changing


I deganiwa’iyv’a deganiwa’iyvsgo’i dagwahnawa’iyvsv’i diganiwa’iyvna

You dehahnawa’iyv’a dehahnawa’iyvsgo’i dejahnawa’iyvsv’i tahnawa’iyvna

S/he dahnawa’iyv’a dahnawa’iyvsgo’i duhnawa’iyvsv’i dahnawa’iyvna

Anawo – Shirt

Wearing


I agwahnuwa agwahnuwo’i agwahnuwv’i agwahnuwesdi

You jahnuwa jahnuwo’i jahnuwv’i jahnuwesdi

S/he uhnuwa uhnuwo’i uhnuwv’i uhnuwesdi

Putting On


I ganiwo’a ganiwosgo’i agwahnawo’v’i ganiwoja

You haniwo’a haniwosgo’i jahnawo’v’i hahnawoja

S/he ahnawo’a ahnawosgo’i uhnawo’v’i ahnawoja

Taking Off


I ganiwe’a ganiwesgo’i agwahnawesv’i ganiwagi

You hahnawe’a hahnawesgo’i jahnawesv’i hahnawagi

S/he ahnawe’a ahnawesgo’i uhnawesv’i ahnawagi

Changing


I ganiwa’iyv’a ganiwa’iyvsgo’i agwahnawa’iyvsv’i ganiwa’iyvna

You hahnawa’iyv’a hahnawa’iyvsgo’i jahnawa’iyvsv’i hahnawa’iyvna

S/he ahnawa’iyv’a ahnawa’iyvsgo’i uhnawa’iyvsv’i ahnawa’iyvna

100

Asulo – Pants

Wearing


I agwasula agwasulo’i agwasulv’i agwasulesdi

You jasula jasulo’i jasulv’i jasulesdi

S/he usula usulo’i usulv’i usulesdi

Putting On


I gasuli’a gasulisgo’i gasulanv’i gasulvga

You hasuli’a hasulisgo’i jasulanv’i hasulvga

S/he asuli’a asulisgo’i usulanv’i asulvga

Taking Off


I gasule’a gasulesgo’i agwasulesv’i gasulagi

You hasule’a hasulesgo’i jasulesv’i hasulagi

S/he asule’a asulesgo’i usulesv’i asulagi

Changing


I gasula’iyv’a gasula’iyvsgo’i agwasula’iyvsv’i gasula’iyvna

You hasula’iyv’a hasula’iyvsgo’i jasula’iyvsv’i hasula’iyvna

S/he asula’iyv’a asula’iyvsgo’i usula’iyvsv’i asula’iyvna

Dilasulo – Shoes

Wearing


I dagwalasuhla dagwalasuhlo’i dagwalasuhlv’i dagwalasuhlesdi

You dejalasuhla dejalasuhlo’i dejalasuhlv’i dejalasuhlesdi

S/he dulasuhla dulasuhlo’i dulasuhlv’i dulasuhlesdi

Putting On


I degalasuhlvsga degalasuhlvsgo’i dagwalasuhlanv’i digalasuhlvga

You dehalasuhlvsga dehalasuhlvsgo’i dejalasuhlanv’i talasuhlvga

S/he dalasuhlvsga dalasuhlvsgo’i dulasuhlanv’i dalasuhlvga

Taking Off


I degalasule’a degalasulesgo’i dagwalasulesv’i digalasulagi

You dehalasule’a dehalasulesgo’i dejalasulesv’i talasulagi

S/he dalasule’a dalasulesgo’i dulasulesv’i dalasulagi

Changing


I degalasula’iyv’a degalasula’iyvsgo’i dagwalasula’iyvsv’i digalusula’iyvna

You dehalasula’iyv’a dehalasula’iyvsgo’i dejalasula’iyvsv’i talasula’iyvna

S/he dalasula’iyv’a dalasula’iyvsgo’i dulasula’iyvsv’i dalasula’iyvna

101

Diliyo – Socks

Wearing


I dagwaliyoha dagwaliyoho’i dagwaliyohv’i dagwaliyohesdi

You dejaliyoha dejaliyoho’i dejaliyohv’i dejaliyohesdi

S/he duliyoha duliyoho’i duliyohv’i duliyohv’i

Putting On


I degaliyo’iha degaliyo’iho’i dagwaliyohlv’i digaliyoga

You dehaliyohiha dehaliyohiho’i dejaliyohlv’i taliyoga

S/he daliyohiha daliyohiho’i duliyohlv’i daliyoga

Taking Off


I degaliyogi’a degaliyogisgo’i dagwaliyogisv’i digaliyogi

You dehaliyogi’a dehaliyogisgo’i dejaliyogisv’i taliyogi

S/he daliyogi’a daliyogisgo’i duliyogisv’i daliyogi

Changing


I degaliyosiha degaliyosiho’i dagwaliyosvhv’i digaliyosa

You dehaliyosiha dehaliyosiho’i dejaliyosvhv’i taliyosa

S/he daliyosiha daliyosiho’i duliyosvhv’i daliyosa

Diktinv’ti – Glasses

Wearing


I dagwaktinvta dagwaktinvto’i dagwaktinvtv’i x

You dejaktinvta dejaktinvto’i dejaktinvtv’i dejaktinvtesdi

S/he duktinvta duktinvto’i duktinvtv’i duktinvtesdi

Putting On


I degagatinvtvsga degagatinvtvsgo’i dagwaktinvtanv’i x

You dehaktinvtvsga dehaktinvtvsgo’i dejaktinvtanv’i taktinvtvga

S/he daktinvtvsga daktinvtvsgo’i duktinvtanv’i daktinvtvga

Taking Off


I degagatinvde’a degagatinvdesgo’i dagwaktinvdesv’i x

You dehaktinvde’a dehaktinvdesgo’i dejaktinvdesv’i taktinvdagi

S/he daktinvde’a daktinvdesgo’i duktinvdesv’i daktinvdagi

102

Alsdulo – Cap

Wearing


I agwalsdula agwalsdulo’i agwalsdulv’i x

You jalsdula jalsdulo’i jalsdulv’i jalsdulesdi

S/he ulsdula ulsdulo’i ulsdulv’i ulsdulesdi

Putting On


I galisduli’a galisdulisgo’i agwalsdulanv’i x

You halsduli’a halsdulisgo’i jalsdulanv’i halsdulvga

S/he alsduli’a alsdulisgo’i ulsdulanv’i alsdulvga

Taking Off


I galisdule’a galisdulesgo’i agwalsdulesv’i x

You halsdule’a halsdulesgo’i jalsdulesv’i halsdulagi

S/he alsdule’a alsdulesgo’i ulsdulesv’i alsdulagi

Alsgwetuwo – Hat

Wearing


I agwalsgwetuhga agwalsgwetuhgo’i agwalsgwetuhgv’i x

You jalsgwetuhga jalsgwetuhgo’i jalsgwetuhgv’i jalsgwetuhgesdi

S/he ulsgwetuhga ulsgwetuhgo’i ulsgwetuhgv’i ulsgwetuhgesdi

Putting On


I galisgwetuhvsga galisgwetuhvsgo’i agwalsgwetuhnv’i x

You halsgwetuhvsga halsgwetuhvsgo’i jalsgwetuhnv’i halsgwetuhvga

S/he alsgwetuhvsga alsgwetuhvsgo’i ulsgwetuhnv’i alsgwetuhvga

Taking Off


I galisgwetuhgi’a galisgwetuhgisgo’i agwalsgwetuhgisv’i x

You halsgwetuhgi’a halsgwetuhgisgo’i jalsgwetuhgisv’i halsgwetuhgi

S/he alsgwetuhgi’a alsgwetuhgisgo’i ulsgwetuhgisv’i alsgwetuhgi

103

Aliyesusto – Ring

Wearing


I agwaliyesustga agwaliyesustgo’i agwaliyesustgv’i x

You jaliyesustga jaliyesustgo’i jaliyesustgv’i jaliyesustgesdi

S/he uliyesustga uliyesustgo’i uliyesustgv’i uliyesustgesdi

Putting On


I galiyesustvga galiyesustvgo’i agwaliyesustanv’i x

You haliyesustvga haliyesustvgo’i jaliyesustanv’i haliyesustvga

S/he aliyesustvga aliyesustvgo’i uliyesustanv’i aliyesustvga

Taking Off


I galiyesustgi’a galiyesustgisgo’i agwaliyesustgisv’i x

You haliyesustgi’a haliyesustgisgo’i jaliyesustgisv’i haliyesustgi

S/he aliyesustgi’a aliyesustgisgo’i uliyesustgisv’i aliyesustgi

Diliyesulo (Aliyesulo) – Gloves

Wearing


I dagwaliyesula dagwaliyesulo’i dagwaliyesulv’i x

You dejaliyesula dejaliyesulo’i dejaliyesulv’i taliyesulvga

S/he duliyesula duliyesulo’i duliyesulv’i daliyesulvga

Putting On


I degaliyesuli’a degaliyesulisgo’i dagwaliyesulanv’i x

You dehaliyesuli’a dehaliyesulisgo’i dejaliyesulanv’i taliyesulvga

S/he daliyesuli’a daliyesulisgo’i duliyesulanv’i daliyesulvga

Taking Off


I degaliyesule’a degaliyesulesgo’i dagwaliyesulesv’i x

You dehaliyesule’a dehaliyesulesgo’i dejaliyesulesv’i taliyesulagi

S/he daliyesule’a daliyesulesgo’i duliyesulesv’i daliyesulagi

104

Verb :


Verb :


Verb :


Verb :


VRB Didehloqwasgi 2012

Documents

Transcript of VRB Didehloqwasgi 2012