Vranduk - Kraljevski Grad kod Zenice - muzejska brošura

7/23/2019 Vranduk - Kraljevski Grad kod Zenice - muzejska brošura

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broinim

saduvanim

putopisnim

zapisima i

biljeskama

Vranduk

je

skoro

uvijek

opisivan

kao

na

jinteresantniji,

najzqgonetniji

'ili

naitvridi

dio zemlje

Bosne,

desto,. s

pravom;: nazivan kapila

Bosne,

jer je

vijekovima

odolijevao

bro-

jnim

protivnicima

koji

su dolazili sa svih

strana

sviieta.

Tradicija,

-ali

ri

historijske

okolnosti su vrlo-testo

prolazak

kroz

vrandutki

klanac

smal-rali

ulaskom

u

pravu

Bosnu.

ln nurnerous

preserved

travelogues and

manuscripts,

Vranduk

is

almost

always

described

as

the

rnost interesting,.the

most

intriguing or the

most resilient

part

of

the

land

of

Bosnia. lt was often,

and

appropriately, called

the Cate

of

Bosnia

because

for

centuries

it

had

resisted many adversaries that came

front all

:parts

of the

world, Tradition,

but also historical

circumstances,'often

designated the

passage

through

the

Vranduk

gorge

as the

entryway into

true

Bosnia.

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Kraljevski.

grad

Vranduk nalazi se I

I

km

zapadno ad Zenice, na

putu

prerna

Doboju

(44e

17' 27'N,

17e 54' 13"E).

lzgraden

je

na

stijeni iznad

klisure ispod

koje u

polulul(u

prnlire

rijcka Bosna.

1'lte royal

city

of

Vrandtik is sitr-rated 1 1 kn1

wost

of Zenica

on the road

to

Doboj

{,44e 17' 21"N,

.X

7' 54'

'l3"E).

lt uras

built

or a larqe

rock

above the

gorge

thror-rgh

',vhir

h

tlre

river lJorna flows

in

ar' arc.



Historija

Vranduka

duga

je

skoro

dva milenija.

lpak,

vranduika

povi-

jest

sve

do

podetka XV vijeka nile

bila

posebno

zanimljiva, barem

kada se

pregledaju

brojni

arhivski

fondovi i

razastru mi5ljenja u

histori-

jskoj

literaturi.

An

extensive

history of Vranduk

spans

over two

millennia of

histori-

cal

time.

However, the

history of

Vranduk

was not

particularly

inter-

estinq until

the

beginning

of the

I 5th century, at

leasl according to

numerous archives

and views

ex ressed

in historical literature.



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Sa

sigurno>cu se moze reci dd su vladavine

Stjepana

Orloje

i[,,"Ornu

dvojice znamenitih

bosanskih vladara,

donrinantno

odred\Ne

razv

Vranduka.

lt

can be saicl

with

certainty

that

the

r€igns

of

Stjepan

Os

Sliepan

Toma:,

two

legendary

$6r;ri3p

rul,:15,

wete

dom

dcLermining the developnrent

ot

rhe

city

of Vrartduk.

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Vranduk se kao

grad

prvi put

spominje 10. marta

141

0.

godine u

jednoj

Zalbi dubrovadkih

gradana,

ocito zarobljenih

u samom vrandudkom

gra-

du,

upuieno.i madarskom

kralju

Sigismundu

Luksemburskom

na

postu-

panje

madarskih

vojnika

prema

njima. Te5ko

je

precizno

utvrditi

kada

je

graden grad

Vranduk. Vjerovatno

ie

lo

bilo

u XIV vijeku, kao sto se

deSavalo

i

sa

drugim srednjovjekovnim

bosanskim

gradovima

(Srebrenik,

Bobovac.

Kraljeva Sutjeska). lako o

gradnli

Vranduka

nema nijednog his-

torilskog

izvora.

pretpostavlja

se

da

su

tvrdava

i utvrdeni

grad

gradeni

dugi niz

godina, na

neosvojivoj

stijeni ispod

koje

je

klisura

kao

prirodna

granica,

a

gradili

su

ga

domaci

ljudi

od

kamena iz neposredne okolice.

Vranduk is mentioned as;i city for the first time on March 10, 1410 in a

despairing complaint sent by citizens of Dubrovnik, apparently

impris-

oned in the city

itself, to

the

Hungarian

king

Sigismund of

Luxemburg

concerning

their

treatment

by

Hungarian soldiers. lt is

difficult

to

speak

decidedly about

when

the city of

Vranduk

was built.

lt

was

probably

in

the 14th

century. as

is

fhe

case with

other

medieval Bosnian

cities

(Srebrenik,

Bobovac,

Kralj{va Sutfeska).

Although

there are

no

historical

sources

about

Lhe

building

of

Vranduk,

it

is

assumed

that the

fortress and

the fortified city were builtj over many

years

upon an unconquerable rock

beneal"h

which

a

gorge

shapes a

natural

border, and

that

it

was

built

by

the local

population

using stone

trom the area.

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Prema

brojnim

potvrdama

iz

historijskih doku-

menata,

Vranduk

je

u to

vrijdme bio

jedan

od

stolnih

bosanskih kraljevskih

gradova. Bio

je

to

zlatni

perlod vranducke

povijesl-i. Mnogi

momenti

vaZni

za

polititki, diplomatski, dru5-

tveni

i vjerski

Zivot

srednjovjekovne bosanske

drZave

svoj

poeetni

i zavr5ni

iin imali su upravo

u sredniovjekovnom

Vranduku.

Bosanski kraljevi

boravili su

na sirokim

prostorima

Vranduka, tu

su

primali

brojne diplomatske

delegaciie,.priie

svih

predstavnike Dubrovacke

republike,

ali

i

drugih

gradova

i

drlava.

U vranduikoj

tvrdavi

potpisivani

su brojni ugovori,

neke

povelje.

U

historiliu

pismenosti srednjovjekovne

bosanske

drZave Vranduk

je

upisan

kao

jedan

od vaZnijih

notarskih centara.

:ti.r

ll

Evidence from many historical documents implies that at this tim

Vranduk

was

one of the seats of

Bosnian

royalty.

This was a

golden

age in the history of Vranduk. Many occasion

importanl for

the

political,

diplomatic,

social and

religious

life

the

medieval Bosnian state had

their

beginnings

and

ends

precis

ly

in

medieval Vranduk. Bosnian

kings spent

time

in

the wide are

of Vranduk. There

they

received"numerous

diplomatic delegation

above all the representatives of the Dubrovnik Republic, but al

those

of other

cities and

states.

Many

contracts and some charte

were signed in

the

Vranduk fortress. ln

the history.of

literacy of

t

medieval

Bosnian

state, Vranduk is

entered

as

one of the mo

important notarial centres.



)

Period

osmanlijske

vladavine

u

Vranduku

obiliezen

ie

broinim

promienama

na_g-otovo

svim podrudjima

livota,

te se

u duqom

vremenu

irO f

jOl.

Oo

1878'

godine

to

plastieno

prepoznaje.

osma"nlile

su

iskoristiri

priroono-

geogra{ske

uvjete

koji

su

uticali

na

nastanak

Vranduka

i pr;tori;

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;

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vazn

o voi

n o-st

ra tes

ijs

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The

era,oJ

Ottoman

Vranduk

was

marked

by

many

changes

in

almost

all

areas

ot life-over

the long

period

f rom

r

46i

to l

gzg,

which-is

visually

appar-

ent.

The

Ottomans

made

use

of

the

natural

geographic

circuristinces

which

influenced

the

construction

of

vranduk

unf,

ui

tt.i"

""w

rirrt .iir,"ii

rule.

made

it an

important

miritary

and

strategic

stronghord

irrut

J.o'i"ui-

ed its

surroundings.



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U

toku

viteviekovne [unko-osmdnlijske vladavine Vranduk

je

omeden kao

gradsko

naseile,

i

to

po

svirn

prepoznatliivim

elementirRa

bosansko-osmanlii-

ikdg nasella.

Tu su

6ili izgradeni

sadrzaji

upravnog,

zanatSkog

i

tr'govackog

znalcaia,

ali su

podignuti

i ziiimljivi

spomenici

materiialne

kulture

(dZamija

sultana

Mehmeda

El-Fatiha,

mekteb,

javna

desma).

Vriledno

paZnje.ie

i

to

da

se

u

Vr,anduku

razviiaju

i.neke

specifidne

tursko:osmanlijske

institucije

(npr.,

vakuf,

kapetaniie,

titlueenje). Bio

je

evidentan

i

prfvredni. razvQi,

posebno'u

XVI

i XVli

vijeku, o

demu

wiedode

i

saduvani

historjiski

dol<umenti.

i

$:s

ffiF.ff

Medl.

:

During the'centuries-long

Turkish

Ottoman'1ule,

Vranduk

vv,as

defined

settlernbnt

according'to

a,ll recognisable

principles

of Bosnian Ottoma

mentsl

lt included iomplex.partsr

of

administrative,

crafts,and

tradihg

cance,

and

"interesting

monumqnts

of

material

culture,were

erecte

'

(Sultan

Mehrrred

El.Fat-ih's

MoSque,

a Mekteb

(Muslim primary

school),

watgrfountain).

ltis also

wbrth.noting

that

some specificlTurkish

Ottomd

tutions

are

developed

in

Vranduk.(e.9,

the

Vokuf

(land

gftnt),

Kopeton

tary

frontier establishment),

citlutenie

(sy-stem

of

land

parcelling)).

Ec

:development.is

also evident

fqom

preserved historical documents,

espe

ihA 1

6ih

anrl 17th

cenfr

rr s



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tloerioduXVllliXlXViiekaVrandUckatvrdavadozivljavasvojutuznijuhistori-

iu.

Poslala

ie

po zlu cuveni

zalvor

u

koiem

su

posebno

smiestani

pollLlcKl

pro-

r

tivrrici

osmanlijskog

sistema.

Durinq

the

18th

and

19th

centuries'

the.Vrand

;il"'i,"*

t

;o"i

p"'ioJ

i't

it'

hittory'

lt

becam

i *l

p"i""

t"i

pJitltur

opponents

of

the

ottoman



';l:.,y.ii$i.,1

*.;

..,&i:..

rffi:ll'

ledan

broj

vojnih

operacila

vodenih

u XIX vijekr"r

ila t€ritoriji

Bosne

i

l-lerc

rijeien

ie

u

samom

Vrarrrluku

ili

njegcvoi

nep<;srecinoj

okolici

(Livanjska

1

834.

godine.

poraT protivnit(a seraskera

Onrer-paiie

Latasa.l

850.

godine

bcrtrq

u

vi,ilerne

austr,:uEarske

ol{upacije

Bosne

i Hercegovine)"

.

Dolazak

Aitstr"o'Ugarsire

rironarhiie

u Bo:nu

i f-{ercegovinu

za

Vrarrdul<

]

izavrletakiecinogiburnoq

ciohra.

Vrandrik

grrbi

vojno

strategiiski

zrrai:aj

1890.

godinc p,istaje

rv'aha

va,"rnos'r

ovog

lirarrlerritog

grada.

Skoro

viiqk

Vrancluh

ic

[,rr

u zrr,

jelrirri,

s blaginT sjedal-rjirna

na raniia

raztlohlia

nju nekilr

hotirlr

vr .'rnotia.

A nurnber

of

nliNilarl'operati{.rrrs

innclucted

in l.he i9iil

century otr

llrc

of

Bosnia

ancn Her.zeqovina

harl

their defininq

battles in

Vrancluk its

imrnec.iiate

vlcinit_rr

(l,he

Lirrno

uF:risinq

frorn

j834,

the

defeat

of

thr,:

ad

of

oiner-paia

Latas

in

.l

[J50

and lhe severe

baities

during

the Austro-l1ur

occupation

o[ Bosni;ltt

anrl

i-{ei'zeqovina).

The arrival of

thoAuslro-i{ungarian

nronarchy in

Bosnia

and lierz-egovirr

an

enti

of

a very

i,umultuous

LrL'rir)cl

{or

Vtanciuk.

Vrattciul<

ioscs

ils

rnili

strategic

inrporlance.and

;lll

rigni[irarrce of

this fanrous

city

varrishcs;r

1890.

Vrandult sflenf

almcst

the whoie

of ine

20th

.entrrry

in thc bat.l<

wilh

vague

;nernoties

of

earlier

eras arld

await.ing

kretler

liines.

.j



rll

.*nRa

g

I

d

tr

lil

r.irr,l

I danai

grid

i,,rutvrda

Vranduk

pikosi

svoiom

snagom.

Povijest

grada Vlanduka

bila:

ieii

ostalh

jedna

od

vatnihispona

u.

ukupnoj

pr:ollosti

Bosne.

Vr4nduk

je

u

dugom

niiu vi|ekova

odolijevao

rnnogirrri

navalama, razaranjima,

nepriiateliim'a i

burnim

histbrijskim

de3avanjima.

Vranduk

je

kamen-meda5 Viekovnog

dov-

lefoVos

nffi.q1 vtada

sobom,i

d,

,o,

tl9.u

lome

l?ll li

lraoolien9

1ras9ve,

Even

today

the

city

and

fortrqss

of Vrandrlk are'standing

defiantly stro

histqry of the city

of

Vranduk remains

?n

important link

in the complete

of Bosnia.

lhrough

centuries,

lrandr,rk

has withstood

many

advances,

tions,

enernies

and

tumultuqus

histofical

events. Vranduk symbolises

experience, ;1 ;51

part

of the

gleat

family

of

cultural

bnd

historical

herit

the

lqndmark_ol

fun'l

centuries-long

aipiration

to rule himself

and le



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Vranduk - Kraljevski Grad kod Zenice - muzejska brošura

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Transcript of Vranduk - Kraljevski Grad kod Zenice - muzejska brošura