Viết Tiếng Anh Học Thuật Sắp xếp bài báo nghiên cứu cho...

Viết Tiếng Anh Học Thuật

Sắp xếp bài báo nghiên cứu cho các tạp

chí quốc tế

Kha Thai Đức

Đại Học Quốc Gia Giao Thông (Đài Loan)

柯泰德線上英文論文編修訓練服務 http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

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Tiểu sử ca nhân

Kha Thái Đức (Ted Knoy) đã dạy viết tiếng Anh kỹ

thuật trong các trường đại học ở Đài Loan hơn hai

mươi năm. Ông là tác giả của mười bốn cuốn

sách về viết tiếng Anh kỹ thuật và chuyên nghiệp.

Ông đã thành lập một trung tâm viết tiếng Anh tại

trường đại học Y Yunpei đồng thời cũng là giảng

viên toàn thời gian tại trường. Ông đã chỉnh sửa

trên 55,000 bài viết cho việc đăng báo nghiên cứu

khoa học từ năm 1989. Ông là cũng nhà biên tập

tiếng anh cho một số tạp chí về khoa học, kỹ thuật

và y học của Đài Loan.

Hôi Thao Viêt Tiêng Anh Ky Thuât va Xuât

Ban Hoc Thuât tai Viêt Nam, thang 4, 2014

• Đại học Lạc Hồng (01-10/ 04)

• Đại Học Thương Mại Hà Nội (15-16/04)

• Đại Học Quốc Gia Hà Nội (17/04)

• Đại Học Hàng Hải Việt Nam (18-20/04)

• Đại Học Dân Lập Hải Phong (21-26/04)

• Đại học Y Hải Phong (25/04)

Đề cương nghiên cứu

A. Nền tảng (Background)

B. Thực hiện (Action)

C. Trình bày vấn đề nghiên cứu (Problem

statement )

D. Trình bày cac giả thuyết nghiên cứu

(Hypothesis statement)

E. Tóm tắt (Abstract)

F. Kế hoạch đề xuất nghiên cứu (Research

proposal)

A. Nền tang (Background)

• Thiêt lâp cac đề xuât nghiên cứu (Setting of research proposal):

Mô tả một xu hướng phổ biến, phat triển hoặc hiện tượng trong lĩnh

vực của bạn để người đọc có thể hiểu được bối cảnh mà bạn đề

xuất nghiên cứu đang được thực hiện .

• Vân đề nghiên cứu (Research problem) : Mô tả cac hạn chế

chính hoặc thất bại của cac nghiên cứu trước đây hoặc cac phương

pháp đã nghiên cứu khi giải quyết cac xu hướng, phat triển hoặc

hiện tượng đã nêu .

• Đặc điểm ky thuât định lượng của vân đề nghiên cứu

(Quantitative specification of research problem): Định lượng

hoặc đưa ra một ví dụ về vấn đề nghiên cứu được trích dẫn trong

tài liệu tham khảo trước đó.

• Tầm quan trong của vân đề nghiên cứu (Importance of

research problem) : Mô tả cac hậu quả về mặt lý thuyết và thực tế

nếu không giải quyết vấn đề nghiên cứu.

B. Thực hiên (Action)

• Mục tiêu nghiên cứu (Research objective) : Mô tả mục tiêu của

nghiên cứu đề xuất của bạn và bao gồm cac đặc điểm chính riêng

biệt của nghiên cứu để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu , điều mà đã

không được thực hiện trong nghiên cứu trước đây ( một câu )

• Phương phap để đat được mục tiêu nghiên cứu (Methodology

to achieve research objective) : Mô tả ba hoặc bốn bước chính để

đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu của bạn .

• Kêt qua dự kiên ( Anticipated results) : Mô tả cac kết quả định

lượng mà bạn hy vọng sẽ đạt được trong nghiên cứu của bạn.

• Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyêt va thực tiễn (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : Mô tả cach thức phương phap

hoặc kết quả nghiên cứu đề xuất của bạn sẽ đóng góp về mặt lý

thuyết trong lĩnh vực nghiên cứu, quy luật và cũng đóng góp thiết

thực trong sản xuất, ngành công nghiệp dịch vụ.


1. Thiết lập cac đề xuất nghiên cứu

(Setting of research proposal):

Mô tả một xu hướng phổ biến, phat triển

hoặc hiện tượng trong lĩnh vực của bạn

để người đọc có thể hiểu được bối cảnh

mà bạn đề xuất nghiên cứu đang được

thực hiện .

Ví dụ: quan lý kinh doanh

Logistics centers play a pivotal role in ensuring

that the importing and exporting activities of

international firms are implemented efficiently,

ensuring that commercial trade can satisfy

consumer demand and offer quality services.

While enterprises outsource their logistic

needs for various reasons, reducing overhead

costs and increasing efficiency are of priority

concern.

Ví dụ: ky thuât

As is well known, geometric parameters

significantly affect the reliability of flip chip

packaging under thermodynamic loading.

Based on the basic material mechanics, a

higher solder joint height implies a larger

shear force that the solder joint can bear.

Moreover, cracks occur in a solder joint

when a package is under critical

thermodynamic loading.

Ví dụ: y hoc

Taiwan has a high incidence of head

injuries, brain tumors and brain-related

diseases. Brain imagery is thus a significant

nuclear medicine-based technology that can

diagnose such diseases. Therefore, brain

uptake radiopharmaceuticals can be used in

brain imagery to accurately diagnose the

early stages of brain-related diseases.

Ví dụ: khoa hoc

Commonly found in the RAW 264.7 cell,

endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium pool plays a

significant role in regulating the concentration of

cellular calcium ion. Additionally, ER calcium

pool can facilitate protein translation, protein

transfer, and protein embellishment. According to

recent investigations, elevated intracellular Ca2+

concentration, [Ca2+]i, can initiate apoptosis;

[Ca2+]i also increases before genome

fragmentation and cell death.


2. Vấn đề nghiên cứu

(Research problem)

Mô tả cac hạn chế chính hoặc thất bại của

cac nghiên cứu trước đây hoặc cac phương

pháp đã nghiên cứu khi giải quyết cac xu

hướng, phat triển hoặc hiện tượng đã nêu.


However, conventional management practices

of logistics centers have difficulty in complying

with the demands of local enterprises,

negatively impacting the quality of services

delivered, owing to the inability to effectively

respond to corporate changes such as the

demand for increasingly smaller products and

materials, a shorter product life cycle, and

limited time in ordering and purchasing goods.

Ví dụ: ky thuât

However, geometric parameters of a C4 type solder joint

still cannot accurately predict the reliability of flip chip

packaging under thermodynamic loading. Indeed, many

engineers have tried to predict the geometric parameters

of a C4 type solder joint using an energy-based method

and analytical models. Although one of them simulated

the C4 type solder joint as a semi-spherical high-lead

bump buried into the eutectic solder, the simulation lacks

accuracy when the external loading increases. Moreover,

in addition to the above method disregarding the effects

of gravity, the semi-spherical high-lead bump cannot

simulate the high-lead bump when the solder pad sizes

vary.

Ví dụ: y hoc

Owing to the low stability in the amount and

and concentration of brain uptake

radiopharmaceuticals, the inability to

enhance conventionally used

radiopharmaceuticals makes it impossible to

diagnose brain-related diseases accurately

and efficiently.

Ví dụ: khoa hoc

However, while previous studies have

investigated how the murine macrophage

cell line regulates the signal pathway of ER

calcium pool, exactly how the signal

pathways of cellular TNF-α, NF-γB, and

MAPK regulates the concentration of cellular

calcium ion remains unclear.


3. Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề

nghiên cứu

(Quantitative specification of research

problem):

Định lượng hoặc đưa ra một ví dụ về vấn đề

nghiên cứu được trích dẫn trong tài liệu

tham khảo trước đó.


According to statistics from 1996 to 1998,

only 15% of all local enterprises in Hsinchu

City chose logistics centers to fulfill importing

and exporting requirements owing their lack

of confidence in their effectiveness. Moreover,

according to a Ministry of Economic Affairs

report in 1999 , although market demand for

logistical support exceeds 55%, logistics firms

fulfill only around 35% of that demand.

Ví dụ: ky thuât

For instance, if the geometric parameters fail

to reach an accuracy of 5%, engineers can

neither predict the fatigue life nor enhance

the yield of a flip chip package.

Ví dụ: y hoc

For instance, following intravenous injection,

only 8-10% of most radiopharmaceuticals

enter the brain, while the same amount

entering the liver, kidney and blood exceeds

35%. Consequently, the radiopharmaceutical

uptake is low in the brain and hyper-

radioactive in other organs, subsequently

leading to inaccurate clinical diagnoses and

over dosage of patients.

Ví dụ: khoa hoc

For instance, cell ER pool investigations

have not identified the signal pathways of

TNF-α, NF-γB, and MAPK within an

accuracy of 80％, thus making it impossible

to determine how RAW 264.7 cell regulates

the signal pathway.


4. Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu

(Importance of research problem) :

Mô tả cac hậu quả về mặt lý thuyết và thực

tế nếu không giải quyết vấn đề nghiên cứu.


The lack of confidence among local enterprises in the

quality of services offered by logistics centers will not

only curtail the growth of this sector, but also impede

sound management practices in importing and

exporting. Moreover, the inability to enhance the

quality of service stems from the inability to identify the

consumer demand, understand customer's intentions

and offer quality services that satisfy consumer

demand. the enterprise corporation great impact if

without choosing good the logistics center to grow up

on the performances of enterprises.

Ví dụ: ky thuât

Under these circumstances, engineers

cannot predict the correct geometric

parameters of a C4 type solder joint when

the design factors vary, making it impossible

for engineers to either predict the fatigue life

or enhance the yield of a flip chip package.

Ví dụ: y hoc

The inability to enhance conventionally used

radiopharmaceuticals makes it impossible

not only to vary the combination or chemical

affinity of radiopharmaceutical chemicals,

but also to increase the amount of brain

uptake by using monothiolate coligand(S)

and amino-monothiolate (ONS) ligand,

ultimately leading to a poor disease

prognosis.

Ví dụ: khoa hoc

The inability to thoroughly understand the

signal pathways of intracellular TNF-α, NF-

γB, and MAPK makes it impossible to

determine what role ER calicium pool and

induced cytokine play in the RAW 264.7

cell.


5. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu

(Research objective):

Mô tả mục tiêu của nghiên cứu đề xuất của

bạn và bao gồm cac đặc điểm chính riêng

biệt của nghiên cứu để đạt được mục tiêu

nghiên cứu , điều mà đã không được thực

hiện trong nghiên cứu trước đây ( một câu )


Based on the above, we should develop a flexible

and accurate fuzzy theory-based AHP method that

applies fuzzy theory to the business ratings of

logistics centers, subsequently providing corporate

managers with an effective criterion to assess the

management practices of logistics centers and the

quality of services delivered. In doing so,

enterprises can identify the specialties of logistics

centers and construct an effective criterion to for

administrators to evaluate the effectiveness of

logistics centers based on a clear criteria.

Ví dụ: ky thuât

Based on the above, we should develop an

analytical geometry method can be devised,

capable of accurately predicting the

geometric parameters of practical C4 type

solder joint in flip chip technology after a

reflow process.

Ví dụ: y hoc

Based on the above, we should develop a

high lipophilicity radiopharmaceutical

method that produces two kinds of

monothiolate coligand(S) and amino-

monothiolate (ONS) ligand to increase the

radiopharmaceutical high lipophilicity level in

order to maintain a human brain’s stability

and uptake.

Ví dụ: khoa hoc

Based on the above, we should analyze

TNF-α and NF-κB of the RAW 264.7 cell by

using cell culture methods, subsequently

providing insight into how the cell signal

pathway and immunity regulation of nitro

oxide in cellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

calcium pool are related.


6. Phương phap để đạt được mục tiêu

nghiên cứu (Methodology to achieve research objective) :

Mô tả ba hoặc bốn bước chính để đạt được

mục tiêu nghiên cứu của bạn.


To do so, a questionnaire can be designed based on

interviews with managers of logistics centers. Data

obtained from those interviews regarding service

quality can then be analyzed using the AHP method

and fuzzy theory. Next, service quality of logistics

centers can be determined using an AHP-based

criteria. Additionally, quality of service can be assessed

based on the corporate expectations, enabling us to

select the best logistics center from available options.

Moreover, customer service and other special services

can be incorporated into efforts to achieve customer

satisfaction.

Ví dụ: ky thuât

To do so, the differential equation of curvature can be

derived from the well-known Laplace-Young equation.

Additionally, the contact angle between the solder and

substrate and the surface tension of the solder can be

measured. The free surface energy of the substrate and the

interfacial tension between the solder and the substrate

can then be obtained from Young’s equation. Next, the

differential equation of curvature can be numerically solved

to obtain the geometric parameters. Moreover, the

geometric data of the solder joint can be used as an input

in the finite element model to analyze the stress/strain

distribution, thermal fatigue life and reliability of the

electronic packages.

Ví dụ: y hoc

To do so, monothiolate coligand (S) and amino-

monothiolate (ONS) ligand can be used to one part of

combined. Tc’s 1 ligand and Tc’s 3 ligand can then

be combined using methyl and acetic acid. In the

same chemical structure, high performance liquid

chromatography (HPLC) and thick layer

chromatography (TLC) can be used to purify and

analyze the newly synthesized radiopharmaceutical.

Additionally, the new high lipophilicity

radiopharmaceutical can be injected in laboratory

mice, with the radiopharmaceutical uptake number of

each mouse organ analyzed as well.

Ví dụ: khoa hoc

To do so, the RAW 264.7 cell can be analyzed using

Griess reagent (1% Sulfanilamide, 0.1% NED) and

chemiluminescence. The PKC protein can then be

analyzed using western blot analysis. Next, NF-κB and

MAPK can be analyzed using primary and secondary

antibodies. Additionally, the mouse fibroblasts can be

used by adding L929 to serial dilutions of the conditioned

media at 5×104 cells per well (in 96-well plates), followed

by treatment with 1 μg/ml actinomycin D. Moreover, after

24 h of treatment, the viability of cells can be measured

by MTT assay. Finally, a standard curve can be defined

using TNF-α.


7. Kết quả dự kiến

( Anticipated results) :

Mô tả cac kết quả định lượng mà bạn hy

vọng sẽ đạt được trong nghiên cứu của bạn.


As anticipated, the proposed fuzzy theory-based AHP method can

enable local enterprises to evaluate the effectiveness of logistics

centers based on a criterion index, subsequently increasing

corporate competitiveness and efficiency by 25% while reducing

personnel costs by 10%. Additionally, the proposed method provides

an effective means of assessing the quality of services provided by

logistics centers, Logistics centers must respond to specialized

consumer demands. For instance, inventory stock management

must comply with “Just In Time’ policies, in which orders are

combined into order Consolidation , effective customer reaction, i.e.,

- Efficient Consumer Response (ECR ), a fast reaction, i.e., Quick

Response (QR ) , continuously mending Goods for- Continuous

Replenishment Process (CRP ), and managing stocks–, in which

the vendor acts on behalf of others. Various demands include

Managed Inventory (VMI ).

Ví dụ: ky thuât

As anticipated, the proposed methodology

can calculate the effect of gravity on the

buried high-lead solder bump instead of on

the semi-spherical one. Furthermore, the

analytical geometry method proposed herein

can predict geometric parameters of a C4

type solder joint to within 5% of those

obtained by a specific method found in the

literature.

Ví dụ: y hoc

As an t i c ipa ted , the p roposed h igh

lipophilicity radiopharmaceutical method can

ensure stability in a mouse’s brain with an

uptake number approaching 15% and other

organ’s uptake number lower than 30%.

Ví dụ: khoa hoc

As anticipated, analysis results can indicate

that the TNF-α,NF-κB and MAPK can be

found in the RAW 264.7 cell of the cellular

endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium pool

signal pathway. Additionally, this pathway

can be understood with respect to

elucidating the characteristics of cancer.


8. Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực

tiễn

(Theoretical and practical contribution to

field):

Mô tả cách thức phương pháp hoặc kết quả

nghiên cứu đề xuất của bạn sẽ đóng góp về

mặt lý thuyết trong lĩnh vực nghiên cứu, quy

luật và cũng đóng góp thiết thực trong sản

xuất, ngành công nghiệp dịch vụ.


Importantly, the proposed AHP-based method and

fuzzy theory can provide an effective means of

assessing the quality of services provided by logistics

centers, thus providing enterprise managers and

corporation chief executive officer(CEO ) with the

ability to enhance the quality of service and improve

the s t rategy- tact ics model for the s t ra tegic

management procedures of logistics centers,

ultimately enhancing the global competitiveness of

Taiwanese enterprises by offering them clear

management guidelines for evaluating their suppliers.

Ví dụ: ky thuât

While considering all of the design factors used to

investigate how those factors affect the final shape of

a C4 type solder joint, the proposed method provides

further insight into how design factors affect the

reliability of flip chip technology. The proposed method

can also be used to design geometric parameters of a

C4 type solder joint, capable of enhancing the

reliability of a flip chip package and reducing its stress

concentration. Additionally, the results of this study can

enhance the reliability and fatigue life of a flip chip

package under thermodynamic loading.

Ví dụ: y hoc

Importantly, results of this study can

contribute to efforts to incrase the clinical

accuracy of diagnosing brain diseases as

early as possible for curative purposes,

subsequently lowering the radiation dose of

patients with brain-related diseases.

Ví dụ: khoa hoc

Results of this study can provide further

insight into not only the signal pathways of

intracellular TNF-α, NF-γB, and MAPK, but

also the role in which ER calicium pool and

induced cytokine play in the RAW 264.7 cell.

C. Trình bay vân đề nghiên cứu

(Problem statement ) 1/3

Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu Human-computer

interaction (HCI) interprets the natural behavior of

computer users, explaining the considerable attention paid

to multimodal HCI. Given the ability of multimodal

interfaces to facilitate human interaction with machines

through multiple modalities such as speech, gestures and

gazes, such interfaces can ultimately reduce both the time

to complete tasks and error rates. Essential to developing a

multimodal human-computer interface, the multimodal

interpretation module integrates information from various

modalities, e.g., speech, gestures and user computer

commands. Vấn đề nghiên cứu However, in addition to

only



adopting symbolic approaches treating various modalities

as operating independently, this module seldom uses rich

interaction contexts. Consequently, besides its low

portability in other application domains, the multimodal

interpretation module can not enhance its interpretation

accuracy owing to the inability to exploit the mutually

compensative and contextual information of various

modalities. Moreover, evaluating a multimodal HCI is often

subjective and reliant on various application domains. Đặc

điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu For

instance, in map-based information seeking applications,

accuracy of speech recognition with gestures would be only

around 70%.



Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu Despite

enhancements, multimodal interpretation accuracy

falls below user requirements for HCI to interpret

accurately the natural behavior of wireless and hand-

held mobile device users, thus restricting severely the

applicability of this information-access method. Yêu

cầu cho dự án nghiên cứu Therefore, an efficient

multimodal interpretation scheme must be developed

that incorporates a rich interaction context and a

statistical model to characterize the mutual

compensation between all modalities.

D. Trình bay cac gia thuyêt nghiên cứu

(Hypothesis statement) (1/2)

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu An efficient multimodal interpretation

scheme that incorporates a rich interaction context and a

statistical model can be developed to characterize the

mutual compensation between all modalities. Phương pháp

để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do so, symbolic and

statistical features can be integrated. A fine-grained

semantic model can then be derived identify the meanings

of user inputs and overall conversation. Next, the

semantics of user inputs can be identified using a diverse

array of contexts and statistical estimates. Kết quả dự kiến

As anticipated, the proposed multimodal scheme can

increase the interpretation accuracy of map-based

information seeking applications by 20%.

D. Trình bay cac gia thuyêt nghiên cứu

(Hypothesis statement) (1/2)

Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn The

proposed scheme can contribute to efforts to further

enhance HCI with emotional intelligence by facilitating

natural behavioral communication with computers. Given

the large discrepancy in individual skills and preferences in

using various communication modes, the multimodal

interpretation scheme can also provide a valuable

reference for efforts underway to increase computing

accessibility – regardless of a user’s age, skill level,

cognitive style, sensory and motor impairments, native

language, or even temporary illnesses.

E. Tóm tắt (Abstract) (1/3)

Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu While multi-drug

resistance to chemotherapy poses a major obstacle in

treating cancer patients, the lack of alternative methods to

aggravate medicine dosage or radiotherapy or excise the

part organ makes it impossible to resolve this dilemma.

Vấn đề nghiên cứu While conventional treatment

terminates multi-drug resistance of tumor cells by

aggravating the medicine dosage, doing so can seriously

injure normal cells in the human body following

radiotherapy and excising of organs. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu

Therefore, this study examines the feasibility of using

alternative chemotherapy medicine or non-therapeutic


chemistry methods after the cancer cell becomes drug

resistant to chemotherapy medicine of a regular dosage.

Cancer patients receiving therapeutic treatment of only a

single medicine can avoid aggravating dosages used in

conventional methods to cope with the drug resistance of

cancer cells, thus preventing injury to normal cells in the

human body. Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên

cứu The resistance of cancer cells towards an anticancer

drug attempting to terminating tumor cells in vitro is

identified. The resistant cancer cells of the anticancer drug

are then isolated. Once isolated, drug resistant cancer cells

are then terminated using alternative chemotherapy

medicine. Next, non-medication methods


such as high temperature, high pressure or radioactive rays

are used to either terminate cancer cells or block the

transformation leading to cancer cell apotosis. Kết quả dự

kiến Analysis results indicate that these alternative

approaches to chemotherapy can alleviate patients from

receiving high dosage levels of chemotherapy medicine.

Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn Results of

this study contribute to efforts to provide a viable alternative

for cancer patients unable to fully recover following

chemotherapy, especially given the resistance of cancer

cells towards such medication. With respect to clinical and

therapeutic outcomes, the alternative approaches

presented herein can terminate cancer cells without the

high dosage of chemotherapy medicine.

F. Kê hoach đề xuât nghiên cứu (Research

proposal 750-1000 words) (1/8)

khoản 1: Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu

Construction jobsites account for nearly half of all industrial-

related fatalities in Taiwan. Identified as the leading cause of

such fatalities for several decades, accidental falls comprise

roughly 45% of all related fatalities in Taiwan annually. While

most previous studies focus on the collective factors of

environment, safety facilities and equipment, as well as

management, exactly how these factors individually affect

accidental falls in the construction industry. Given the nature of

the industry (e.g., heavy physical requirements as well as

frequent overtime and night shift work) and an irregular life style

(e.g., drug and alcohol abuse, and insufficient rest periods),

construction workers are prone to fatigue, distraction,

drowsiness, muscle pain, and loss of balance.



khoản 2 : Vấn đề nghiên cứu / Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định

lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu

Whereas an unhealthy physiological status adversely

impacts worker safety and increases the likelihood of

accidental falls, individual safety performance under

different physiological statuses has been seldom

evaluated. According to the inspection report of the Council

of Labor Affairs in Taiwan (CLA) (2012), construction

jobsites have been suspended 2,412 times, with 2,436

financial penalties amounting to $US 3.7 million in fines.

However, the inspection fails to apply drug tests (e.g.,

alcohol) and physiological evaluations (e.g., daily

work/sleep hour) of each worker.



For instance, according to statistics of CLA, approximately

54% of all workers attributed negligence or loss of

alertness as the major cause of occupational injuries or

fatalities, while only 25% attributed it to equipment failure

and the surrounding environment.

khoản 3 : Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu

The inability to determine how physiological status may

adversely impact individual safety performance makes it

impossible not only to identify the root cause of accidental

falls, but also to clearly establish specific standards or



regulation regarding the physiological status of workers (e.g.,

daily work/rest hour, maximum extended work hour, illness, life

style, and alcohol consumption habit). Moreover, despite

mitigating the impact of accidental falls in the construction

industry, fall-protection measures, worker safety facilities and

timely equipment inspection can not eliminate such falls entirely.

Furthermore, those protection measures expend a tremendous

amount of resources (e.g., cost, worker, and material). However,

the effectiveness is replicable, owing to the nature of the working

environment, including a large-scale jobsite and constantly

fluctuating workplace. In addition to protection measures, safety

training and education, the most widely implemented prevention

measures, should involve guidance on how physiological status

impacts working safety.



khoản 4 : Mục tiêu nghiên cứu / Phương pháp để đạt được

mục tiêu nghiên cứu

Based on the above, we should evaluate how physiological

status impacts the individual safety performance of

construction workers. To do so, a tiling task involving ten

healthy subjects can be performed on a scaffold to simulate

an elevation activity under three physiological statuses (i.e.

normal status, alcohol inebriation, and night shift work).

Subject behaviors and motions during the task can then be

recorded by surveillance cameras. Next, the safety

performance can be determined and identified by

performing hazardous actions such as sudden swaying,



unsteady footsteps, stepping beyond the safety zone for

watching, or falling. Additionally, the physiological status of

construction workers can be evaluated by prioritizing the

number of rest periods as relevant information. Moreover,

NASA-TLX workload and Japan subjective fatigue

evaluation questionnaires can be filled out by study

participants. Furthermore, the correlation between Safety

performance and physiological status can be further

analyzed.

khoản 5 : Kết quả dự kiến

As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that subjects

experience fatigue, including drowsiness and boredom with



tedious tasks, difficulty in concentration, and physical

impairments caused by alcohol inebriation and night shift

work. Consequently, safety performance significantly

decreases when subjects are inebriated (p=0.001) and

working a night shift (p=0.023); hazardous actions increase

by 30% and 15%, respectively. Also, the subjective

physiological status affects safety performance in terms of

identifying hazardous actions attentively.



khoản 6 : Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn

In addition to demonstrating that physiological status is

an important factor in worker safety, this study can

significantly contribute to future research efforts in

monitoring the individual status of workers, as well as

applying bio-signal technologies such as

electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography

(ECG), and electromyography (EMG). We can

recommend that safety management professionals pay

closer attention to the health and physiological status of

construction workers.

Tài liệu tham khảo

• Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work

Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

www.ycrc.com.tw/bookdata.php?publisher

=yangchih&search=A6502

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw/

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