Visual Century 4 20111105 Excerpt

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Transcript of Visual Century 4 20111105 Excerpt

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Tbf mag`tjag a lv}jgf}} jgtf|f}t} `gd tbf g`tjag`c jgtf|f}t tb`t ammv|} jg tbf }~`mfy`m`tfd lz tbf ~vlcjm }fmta| j} `c}a fyjdfgt jg tbf fyacvtjag a tbf K|`b`o}ta{g If}tjy`c#a|jkjg`ccz ` maoovgjtz fyfgt# ta tbf ]t`gd`|d L`ge G`tjag`c @|t} If}tjy`c' Tbf |fkvc`|

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< Ia| `g `mmavgt a jgtf|g`tjag`c frmb`gkfdv|jgk tbf ~f|jad a tbf mvctv|`c lazmatt#}ff Mb`~tf| 2 jg Yacvof ='

= Ia| fr`o~cf# T`gk gatf} a Lfcjf # tbf <>>9

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Tbf tf|o –maoovgjtz fyfgt‟ ov}t lf pv`cj/ifd ” vgdf| `~`|tbfjd# tbf K|`b`o}ta{gIf}tjy`c {`} |avtjgfcz lazmattfd lz tbf cam`clc`me maoovgjtz `gd mvctv|`c `mtjyj}t} a|jt} mfcfl|`tjag a –]fttcf| mvctv|f‟# vgdf|/cjgfd lz jt} a|jkjg} `} ` ~|ahfmt a tbf 02<>]fttcf|} Iavgd`tjag# {bjmb# j|agjm`ccz# b`}}v|yjyfd tbf t|`g}a|o`tjag a tbf f}tjy`c'

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Y J ] V @ C M F G T V \ Z Y A C V O F 4

Ijkv|f 0' Tagz Oacl`t} Geat}8 Magijmt #0::0' @p`tgt# m`zag/}}t tmbg#mb`ma`c# 0>0®Û 0<='6®mo' ]t`gd`d L`ge

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J G T \ a d V M T J a G O @ G D J ] J O @ H @ Y V @ G D O @ \ J A ^ J ] ] @ \ \ @

6 Ia| ` |`|f frmf~tjag# }ff Ojgg `| "<>>=*'9 ]ff# a| fr`o~cf# @|`ffg‚} maoofgt} ag

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[jtb tbf fmagaojm djofg}jag a tbf `|t} ~|ayjdjgk tbf daojg`gt |`tjag`cf a| jt} }v~~a|tlz tbf ~|jy`tf }fmta|# ~|ayjgmj`c `gd cam`c kayf|gofgt} b`yf `da~tfd ` }jojc`| `~~|a`mblz v}jgk `|t} fyfgt} ta |fl|`gd mjtjf} `gd ta{g}' Gagf b`} dagf }a `} lacdcz `} tbf Mjtz a Hab`ggf}lv|k' L|fogf| "<>>>* ~ajgt} avt tb`t tbf |`tjag`cf lfbjgd tbf |fkfgf|`tjag a 

tbf Hab`ggf}lv|k jggf| mjtz {`} jga|ofd lz tbf mjtz‚} df}j|f ta }tzcf jt}fc } tbf –K`tf{ zta @|jm`‟# jg tbf gf{ fmagaojm kfak|`~bz a kcal`c m`~jt`cj}o' @ttfo~t} {f|f tbf|fa|fo`df ta ~|f}fgt Hab`ggf}lv|k `} ` –[a|cd Mc`}} @|jm`g Mjtz‟ tb|avkb `g fo~b`}j} agtbf jo~a|t`gmf a `|t} `gd mvctv|f8 –Tbf `ggv`c ‒@|t} @cjyf If}tjy`c‚ `gd tbf }ba|t/cjyfdHab`ggf}lv|k Ljfgg`cf {f|f jg`vkv|`tfd' Tbf}f ba~fd ta m`~tv|f cam`c `gd jgtf|g`tjag`cmvctv|`c jo`kjg`tjag} gd f}t`lcj}b tbf UGf{ta{g mvctv|`c ~|fmjgmt_ } |fm|f`tjag`c gdmvctv|`c tbfof ~`|e…‟ "L|fogf| <>>>8 02:*'

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Fr~fmt`tjag} a g –@|jm`g ljfgg`cf‟ {f|f |`j}fd {jtb tbf ~~ajgtofgt a Ae{vj Fg{fxa|#` Gjkf|j`g/la|g mv|`ta| |f}jdfgt jg tbf Vgjtfd ]t`tf}# `} @|tj}tjm Dj|fmta| a tbf }fmagdHab`ggf}lv|k ljfgg`cf' Fg{fxa| |fhfmtfd tbf g`tjag`cj}t avgd`tjag} tb`t vgdf|~jgt|`djtjag`c ljfggj`c}# `cagk {jtb `gz fr~fmt`tjag} a ` ~`g/@|jm`g frbjljtjag'9 ]v~~a|tfdlz ` tf`o a jgtf|g`tjag`c mv|`ta|}# T|`df \avtf} `dd|f}}fd kcal`cj} tjag tb|avkb }f|jf}a frbjljtjag} a magtfo~a|`|z `|t' Jt} `vdjfgmf {`} jgtf|g`tjag`c/ma}oa~acjt`g `gd

`|t/cjtf|`tf' @} O`|}mb`cc ~vt jt# –T|`df \avtf} {`} mcf`|cz `lavt tbf jgtfk|`tjag a ]avtb@|jm`g `|t jgta ` kcal`c jgtf|g`tjag`c magtfrt‟ "0:::8 0<*'

[bftbf| T|`df \avtf} {`} yj}jag`|z a| }jo~cz avt a tavmb |fo`jg} oaat ~ajgt' Mf|t`jgcztbf |fhfmtjag a g`tjag`cj}o# jg ` bj}ta|jm`c magtfrt {bf|f ` djyjdfd mavgt|z {`} t|zjgkta vgjtf jt}fc `} ` g`tjag# djd gat |f}ag`tf {jtb oa}t ]avtb @|jm`g}' @|t m|jtjm FddjfMb`olf|} {`} `oagk tba}f {ba tbavkbt tb`t tbf cam`c `vdjfgmf `gd magtfrt }bavcdb`yf |fmfjyfd ~|ja|jtz' Bf dfm|jfd tbf –l|f`tbt`ejgk magtfo~t‟ a| tbf }fg}jljcjtjf} `gd~acjtjm`c magmf|g} a lc`me ]avtb @|jm`g}# gatjgk tb`t tbf ljfgg`cf‚} ~vlcjmjtz o`tf|j`c}#tbf l`ggf|} `gd ~a}tf|} ~vt v~ `|avgd Hab`ggf}lv|k# b`d ga |f}ag`gmf {jtb tbf cam`c

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Y J ] V @ C M F G T V \ Z Y A C V O F 4

Ijkv|f <' [`zg L`e8 C``kf| #0::9' Magt`g} ``gd g mmc#dog}ag} y``lc' Jg}t`cc`tag y{#]`gt`a# Mbc' }t ~admd `} `}~ag} ta tb ~myd rmc}ag a cam`c t}t} ao tb i}t Hab`gg}l

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J G T \ a d V M T J a G O @ G D J ] J O @ H @ Y V @ G D O @ \ J A ^ J ] ] @ \ \ @

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a tbf fgtj|f magtjgfgt' Ba{fyf|# tbf }jcfgmf jg tbf `|t {a|cd ag }aof a tbf}f j}}vf} j}df`fgjgk' Lf}jdf}# @|`ffg ~a}f} ` yf|z jo~a|t`gt pvf}tjag8 {bfg `|t j} –|foayfd |aotbf }~fmjimjtz a tbf }amja/bj}ta|jm`c a|mf} a @|jm` `gd jt} m|jtjm`c |fc`tjag}bj~ {jtb tbfdaojg`gt {a|cd# {avcd jt gat cf`d @|jm`g `|t ta g`áyf `gd `mjcf fgd}1‟ "<>>=8 0>>*'

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Y J ] V @ C M F G T V \ Z Y A C V O F 4

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Y J ] V @ C M F G T V \ Z Y A C V O F 4

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Y J ] V @ C M F G T V \ Z Y A C V O F 4

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Y J ] V @ C M F G T V \ Z Y A C V O F 4

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Y J ] V @ C M F G T V \ Z Y A C V O F 4

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Y J ] V @ C M F G T V \ Z Y A C V O F 4

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