2005届硕士研究生学位论文摘要

　　　　　　　　　　　　机械电子工程　　　　　　　　　　　　　论文题目：物理气相沉积 Ti-Si-N纳米复合薄膜生长过程的计算机仿真研究

The Simulation of Ti-Si-N Codeposition Nanocomposite Films Growth with PVD

研究生姓名：王新蒙 导师姓名：刘学杰 教授专　　　业：机械电子工程摘　要：物理气相沉积（PVD）技术作为薄膜材料制备的主要方法之一，其在机械制造业中的应用

主要集中在切削刀具表面的强化。Ti-Si-N纳米复合薄膜由于比单一 TiN薄膜具有较好的综合机械性能，因此成为硬质薄膜材料研究的主要方向之一。本课题以 Ti、Si、N三种粒子共沉积形成的纳米复合硬质薄膜为研究对象，初步尝试用计算机来模拟在单质 Ti薄膜和 Ti-Si-N三元薄膜生长过程中，入射粒子的吸附、扩散、凝聚成核、团簇长大等行为。通过对模拟结果的分析，来研究沉积过程参数的变化对薄膜微观组织及形貌的影响。本文在总结蒙特卡罗（MC）和分子动力学（MD）这两种计算机模拟方法各自特点的基础

上，采用将微观粒子动力学与Monte Carlo方法相结合的 KMC（Kinetic Monte Carlo）方法来做为本课题研究的计算机模拟方法。该 KMC模型引入了活粒子的概念，充分考虑了表面所有活粒子都有发生迁移运动的可能，同时也考虑到每次跃迁运动发生后所引起的周围近邻粒子运动状态的变化。通过给每个团簇赋以不同的颜色，得到了所需的团簇统计数据。本仿真软件的设计是在Visual Basic6.0的集成开发环境中进行，用户可方便地输入待考察的参数值，并实时观察表面粒子的运动状态。模拟结果表明，在金属 Ti膜生长过程中，当基底温度较低时，成核数目较多，但团簇尺寸

较小；当基底温度较高时，形成大尺寸团簇的概率增加，团簇之间的空隙较小。模拟数据也显示薄膜表面粗糙度随温度升高而变得光滑。随粒子入射速率的增加，薄膜生长呈现三维岛状生长模式，薄膜表面粗糙度也随之增加。另外，统计结果也显示出，沉积粒子与基底粒子结合力较强。在金属 Ti膜仿真结果的基础上，在此项研究中对 Ti-Si-N三元薄膜的生长进行情况进行了初步的计算机模拟试验(包括换位机制和不换位机制、激活能参数调节、温度调节等)，这使我们对 Ti-Si-

N形成纳米复合相的机制有了一些了解，并且为进一步的研究奠定了一个很好的基础。1

关键词：物理气相沉积，计算机模拟，薄膜生长，团簇，动力学蒙特卡罗方法ABSTRACT

One of important applications in machine manufacturing of physical vapor deposition (PVD) is the

wear resistance coatings of cutting tools. The study on Ti-Si-N ternary nanocomposition coatings

becomes a hot research point for searching novel hard coatings because it has good mechanical

properties than simple binary alloy TiN. In this research, we try to simulate film growth process of Ti

coatings and Ti-Si-N coatings which formed by co-depositing Ti, Si and N particles, including

adsorption of incidence particle, diffusion, nucleation, growth of cluster, and so on. The effects of

process parameters on microscopic structure and morphology of coatings are discussed by analyzing the

simulation results.

We try to improve the simulation algorithm, make own KMC programs, and simulate the

movement of adsorption particle on the surface, which based on an understanding of the characteristics

and limitations of Monte Carlo method and Molecular Dynamics method. In our model, the concept of

active particle is introduced. We consider not only the hopping possibilities of all the active particles on

the surface but also the interaction changes happened between near neighbour particles after every hop.

We get statistic data of clusters by distinguishing different colors which clusters possesed. This software

is designed under the Visual Basic6.0 environment. User can input variables conveniently and watch the

movement of particles.

For the deposition process of metal Ti, the simulation results showed that the number of nucleation

point is relative large and the size of clusters is small when temperature is low. By contraries, the

possibilities of forming larger cluster increased and spacing between clusters diminished with clear

crystal boundary. And data displayed that roughness became smooth. The growth of film was in the

model of 3D Volver Weber and the surface roughness increased with incidence velocity raising. In

addition, statistical data showed strong interaction force between adatom and substrate. Based on Ti

films growth simulation, we executed the simulation of Ti-Si-N ternary film growth under different

conditions, from which we have got better understanding about the formation of Ti-Si-N

nanocomposition coatings.

Key words: Physical Vapor Deposition(PVD), Computer Simulation, Film Growth, Cluster, Kinetic

Monte Carlo Method(KMC)

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论文题目：基于订单生产的面向地方中小型制造企业ＥＲＰ系统的研究与开发 　　Research and Development of ERP System for Local Small

and Medium Manufacturing Enterprise of Make to Order

研究生姓名：董晓慧 导师姓名：杨建鸣 教授专　　　业：机械电子工程摘　要：

ERP，即企业资源计划，是二十世纪九十年代发展起来的综合企业管理信息系统。它代表了未来企业管理的发展方向和必然趋势。随着信息技术的不断发展，中小型制造企业信息化建设变得越来越重要，为了适应当前信息社会激烈的市场竞争，中小型制造企业有必要实施先进的ERP 系统来提高企业自身的竞争力，同时，许多中小型制造企业采用的是基于订单生产的生产模式，强调以销定产。那么，如何有效的解决基于订单生产的中小型制造企业资源计划问题，把客户订单的信息有效地导入到生产企业的 ERP 系统，并及时地生产出客户需要的产品显得尤其重要。本课题针对这一主题展开研究，开发了一套基于订单生产的面向地方中小型制造企业的ERP 系统。论文首先介绍了 ERP的发展历程、作用、趋势以及制造业生产类型，特别阐述了基于订单生

产的面向地方中小制造企业的 ERP软件的开发与研究的内容和目标。重点介阐述了 ERP 系统的需求分析，系统结构设计，重点是 B/S模式和 C/S模式相结合的信息系统开发技术，数据库设计，模块结构设计，部分功能界面设计和程序代码实现。之后，本文介绍了所开发的 ERP 系统的实施，ERP 系统的运行、使用和维护方法。最后论文提出了进一步的研究方向。

关键词：ERP 订单生产 C/S B/S 数据库 实施ABSTRACT

ERP, that is Enterprise Resource Planning, is a synthetic enterprise management message system

developed in the 90s of 19# century. It shows the direction and tendency of enterprise management in the

future. With the development of information technology, information small and medium manufacturing

enterprise become more and more important. In order to adapt to the current intensive market

competition, the small and medium manufacturing enterprise should boost their competitive ability by

putting the enterprise resource planning system in practice. At the same time currently many

enterprises’ activities are based on the mode of make to order. They emphasize on the need of

customers. So it is important for us to effetely solve the enterprise resource planning of make to order

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based small and medium manufacturing enterprise. In other words, we should effetely put the

customer’s order information into the ERP system and then the enterprises quickly make the specific

products that customers have required. The main idea of thesis is study and explore of system geared to

local small and medium manufacturing enterprise of make to order.

At the beginning of this thesis ,it introduces the development、 function and tendency in the

function of ERP and the manufacturing types, especially deals with contents and aims of make to order

based local small and medium manufacturing enterprise ERP system. The main contents include: ERP

system demand analysis, system construction design, especially is information development technology

combining B/S with C/S patents, database creation, system model construction design and parts of

function surface design and program code write.

After those, the thesis introduces the implement, utilization and maintenance of the small and

medium enterprise ERP. In the end of this thesis, conclusions and prospects are given.

Key words: ERP Make to Order C/S B/S Database Implement

论文题目：超磁致伸缩换能器系统特性的建模与实验研究 　The Research of Model and Experimental in Magnetostrictive

Transducers System Character

研究生姓名：金 璐 导师姓名：张玉宝 副教授专　　　业：机械电子工程摘　要：

超磁致伸缩材料是一种新型的稀土功能材料，具有磁致伸缩应变大、响应速度快、能量密度高、输出力大等显著特点，它以其优异的性能和良好的应用前景而得到了世界各国研究者们的普遍关注，其相应的理论和应用研究正广泛进行，各种应用器件的开发正成为人们研究的热点。本论文从课题组现行研制的超磁致伸缩换能器出发，进行了换能器输入输出特性的理论研

究与实验研究，力求得到超磁致伸缩换能器更为普遍意义上的数学模型，从而为超磁致伸缩器件的设计提供理论依据与方法，指导超磁致伸缩器件的设计与优化。论文首先对超磁致伸缩材料的特点、特性、器件开发现状、理论研究现状作了详细论述，然后在下面几个方面作了进一步研究：

1. 采用有限元软件模拟了 ΔE 效应对超磁致伸缩棒纵振基频的影响，并定量分析了各种因素对磁场均匀度的影响大小。

2. 利用压应力下材料的磁致伸缩与磁化强度的关系，模拟了课题组研制的换能器中超磁致4

伸缩材料的磁致伸缩性能。3. 根据磁致伸缩产生的机理，结合材料力学及有限元中轴对称结构离散化的相关公式，推

导出超磁致伸缩换能器的静态输入输出模型。并利用现有的有限元分析软件 ANSYS模拟了换能器输入电流与输出位移的关系曲线。

4. 对超磁致伸缩换能器基于物理规律建立起动态特性的数学模型和仿真模型，通过仿真得到系统的响应曲线及各主要参数对换能器动态特性的影响规律。

5. 对课题组研制的超磁致伸缩换能器进行了实验研究，检验了静态特性模型与动态特性模型建立的正确与否，同时通过实验找到了现有设计中存在的问题。

关键词：超磁致伸缩换能器；系统特性；数学模型；有限元分析；仿真模型；磁机耦合ABSTRACT

The giant magnetostrictive material is a new functional material ， which has high

magnetostriction、rapid response velocity、great energy density，as well as big output force．Because

of the choiceness properties of the GMM，many researchers of the world countries now have taken part

in studying it ． In the mean time， its corresponding theory and applications studies are being

processed．In this thesis ， the input-output characteristics of great magnetostrictive transducer are

discussed．The purpose of reaseach is to get universal mathematical model of great magnetostrictive

transducer，which can provide a theoretic basis for the design of magnetostrictive instrument ．Firstly

the thesis has a discussin about characteristic and performance of the giant magnetostrictive material

、the actuality of instrument exploitation and the state of academic studies in detail ．Moreover，it has

further discussions in the following aspects：1. Simulate the influence that ΔE offect act on magnetostrictive rod by the limited cell software

and Analyse the influencing factor about the magnetic field equality．2. Simulate the magnetostrictive capacity of the exploying magnetostrictive rod by making use of

the relation between magnetostriction and magnetization intensity．3. According to the magnetostrictive machanism and the related formulas that are in THE

MATERIAL MACHANICS and THE LIMITED CELL，deduce the static state input-output model of

giant magnetostrictive transducer and simulate the relative curve between static input signal and output

signal by using ANSYS software．4. Establish the dynamic state model about giant magnetostrictive transducer system that are based

on the physical disciplinarian ． Gain the system response curve and the effect law of diversified

parameter that is acted on gain magnetostrictive transducer．5. Based on the existing giant magnetostrictive transducer，does a experiment about static state

characteristic and dynamic state characteristic ， which can verify the legitimacy of transducer

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mathematical model．Key words：giant magnetostrivtive transducer；system characteristic；mathematical model；

the limited cell analysis；simulation model；the coupling of magneticmachanism．论文题目：基于神经网络的质量诊断理论的研究与应用

The Research and Applications of Quality Diagnosis Theory 　 Based on Neural Networks

研究生姓名：刘 华 导师姓名：王建国 教授专　　　业：机械电子工程摘　要：

产品质量的优劣，是衡量一个国家生产力发展水平以及技术、经济发展水平的重要标志。随着社会的进步和科学技术的发展，人们对产品的质量提出了越来越高的要求。在质量控制过程中，当发现质量发生异常波动时,为了能够及时调整过程参数使得生产过程恢复到正常状态，有必要利用质量诊断方法对生产过程进行诊断。为此，本文针对多指标 (变量)多工序过程对质量诊断方法进行了进一步的研究。本文的研究工作主要包括以下几个方面：

(1) 绪论中对质量的概念以及质量科学的形成和发展做了简单的介绍；接着分别介绍了单变量统计过程控制的一些方法，主元分析的基本理论和基于主元分析的多变量统计过程控制及其一些改进方法；最后对统计过程诊断的发展状况作了简单的叙述。

(2) 介绍了两种质量诊断理论的基本原理，并指出了它存在的一些不足，根据它的不足提出了基于神经网络的两种质量诊断理论，最后将新方法进行仿真研究以验证该方法的有效性。

(3) 根据费歇判别分析的基本原理提出了基于费歇贡献图的过程参数诊断方法，并将该方法和主元贡献图方法应用到四水箱过程进行过程参数诊断；最后通过诊断结果比较这两种方法的性能。

(4) 简要介绍了 CSP生产线的生产流程，并将基于神经网络的质量诊断方法应用到 CSP

生产线中进行可行性和有效性验证。最后对全文作了总结，并提出了展望。

关键词：质量诊断，主元分析，神经网络，费歇贡献图ABSTRACT

The quality of products was an important flag to symbolize the developing level of the

productivity, the technology and the economics in a country. With the advancement of the society and

the development of science and technology, the requirements to the quality of products become higher

and higher. When the abnormality occurred in the process of quality control, it was necessary to use

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quality diagnosis method to diagnosis production line in order to adjust the process parameters timely

and make quality parameters return to the normal condition. In this thesis the quality diagnosis methods

applied to multi-index(variable) and multi-operation process were made a further research. The main

work of this thesis were described as follows:

(1) The concept of quality and the formation and development of the quality science were

introduced. then the methods of univariate statistical process control, the basic theory of principal

component analysis(PCA),multivariate statistical process control based on PCA and some

improvements were described respectively. In the end statistical process diagnosis methods were

described briefly.

(2) The basic theory of two-kinds-of-quality-diagnosis-theory was introduced, then some

deficiencies in traditional two- kinds-of-quality-diagnosis-theory were pointed out. So a method of two-

kinds-of-quality-diagnosis based on neural networks was presented. The new method was compared

with the traditional method to validate its effectivity.

(3) A new process parameters diagnosis method based on the fisher contribution plot was presented

according to the principle of Fisher discriminant analysis. The new method and PCA contribution plot

were all applied to the quadruple-tank process to diagnose process parameters. The diagnosis results

showed the difference of the two methods.

(4) The production flow of CSP production line was described briefly, then the method of quality

diagnosis based on neural networks was applied to CSP production line to validate its feasibility and

effectivity .

Finally, the thesis was concluded with a summary and the prospect of the quality diagnosis theory

was discussed.

Key words：Quality Diagnosis, PCA, Neural Networks, Fisher Contribute Plot.

论文题目：基于Web的面向产品开发过程的客车 PDM 系统的研究与开发Research and Development of PDM System on Bus Oriented to Product Developing Process Based on the Web

研究生姓名：王翠表 导师姓名：李 强 教授专　　　业：机械电子工程摘　要：

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分析了国内外产品数据管理系统的特点，结合客车行业的实际需求以及对客车产品开发过程数据信息的全面分析，运用Web技术，分布式数据库技术、面向对象技术、成组技术，开展了基于Web的面向产品开发过程的客车产品数据管理系统的研究与开发。在对客车行业产品开发部门进行需求分析的基础上，运用软件工程方法，对系统进行了分

析与设计，规划了系统实现的网络体系结构，并对其安全策略进行了研究；利用成组技术及相似性原理，对客车零部件进行了合理的分类，建立了客车零件数据库；应用文档管理的方法，对客车产品开发过程中的文档进行了分类管理，建立了图文档数据库；运用 ASP和ODBC技术对系统进行了开发，实现了客车产品数据的管理和查询；考虑到该系统是面向产品开发过程的数据管理，其安全性的重要，建立了用户管理子系统，提高了系统的安全性。通过系统实例，给出了应用本系统的过程与方法。基于Web的面向产品开发过程的客车产品数据管理系统的建立对客车企业的信息化建设具

有重要的意义，是客车企业技术部门实现资源共享、数据继承以及并行工程的基础，它的实施将提升客车企业的技术管理水平，为企业 CIMS 建设打好基础。

关键词：客车；产品开发；产品数据管理系统；Web；ASP

ABSTRACT

Analyzing the characteristic of the PDMS inside and outside china, through the factual demand of

the bus vocation and based on the whole analysis of data information of the bus product developing

process, using Web technology, distributed database, Object-Oriented technology, and group

technology, the product data management system on bus oriented product developing process based on

web is studied.

Based on the demand analysis of the department of product development in bus enterprises, using

the software engineering method, the system is designed. The network system structure of the system

implement is laid out and the safety strategy of the system is studied. Using group technology and

comparability principle, the bus and its parts are classified in reason and bus database is created. Using

the method of the document management, the documents in product developing process are managed

and the documents database are constructed. Using ASP and ODBC technology, the system is developed

and the product data of the bus is managed and searched. Because the data management system is

oriented to the product developing process, the safety of it is very important. Users management

subsystem is structured for enhancing the safety of the whole system. By the system example, the

process and method of using the system is presented.

It has important significance to creating the data management system oriented to product

developing process based on the web for the digitalization of the bus enterprises and lays a foundation

for the resource share, data inherit and CE of the technology department in bus enterprise.

Implementing the system will upgrade the technology management and make the base of the CIMS of

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bus enterprise.

Key words: Bus; Product development; Product Data Management System; Web; ASP

论文题目：热轧带钢轧机工作辊热应力的研究Thermal Stress Study of Work Roll in Hot Strip Mill

研究生姓名：韩继铖 导师姓名：任学平 教授专　　　业：机械电子工程摘　要：

热轧带钢轧机工作辊的热变形直接影响着承载辊缝的形状，从而影响着受轧带钢板型质量的好坏。同时工作辊由于受周期性温度的作用，特别是工作辊表面受到瞬态周期性的热冲击，内部产生热应力。在这些周期性热应力的作用下，工作辊表面会产生热疲劳，产生疲劳裂纹而导致工作辊断裂或失效。因此，定性和定量确定热应力显得尤为重要，准确计算工作辊的温度场是计算其热应力的前提。在工作辊温度场的求解计算中，由于热传导和热变形行为的复杂性，求解工作辊温度场一直

是带钢轧制研究领域的薄弱环节。工作辊温度场的求解方法有解析法、数值法和实测法等，但由于热轧工作辊工作条件极其恶劣和复杂，解析法和实测法等都没有令人满意的结果。因此该领域研究重点是数值法，包括差分法和有限元法。本文就是利用 ANSYS有限元分析软件对热轧带钢工作辊的温度场和热应力进行解析。在温度场的计算中采用 Solid70 热单元进行解析，对工作辊施加第三类边界条件载荷，得出工作辊不同时间的 ISO方向温度图和温度等高线图，以及工作辊表面不同深度下的温度分布曲线图。在工作辊热应力计算中，采用 Solid45结构单元进行解析，把温度作为载荷施加到结构单元上，得到工作辊径向、轴向、剪切方向以及Von Mises等效热应力的热应力等值线分布图。本文还针对某厂 2025 热轧带钢轧机工作辊进行了计算机仿真，仿真结果与文献中的实验数

据有很好的一致性，从而验证了本文模型计算的正确性。其结果可以为板型控制和工作辊寿命计算分析提供理论依据。

关键词：工作辊 温度场 热应力 有限元

ABSTRACT

The thermal deformation of hot rolled strip work roll influenced directly not only the shape of roll

gap but also the quality of strip. It was shown that there were greater thermal stress formed within work

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roll with periodical temperature imposed, especially instantaneous thermal impact . The thermal stress

led to thermal fatigue on roll surface. As a result, the fatigue crack made the roll break and disable.

Therefore, It was importance that confirm the thermal stress qualitatively and quantificational and the

accurate computation of temperature field was the base of the computation of thermal stress.

The computation on temperature field of work roll was a key because of the complexity of thermal

conduction and thermal deformation during hot strip rolling. The algorithm included analytical method,

numerical method and measurement method, and so on. The outcome resulted from analytical method

and measurement method were dissatisfied due to the wicked and complicated work condition of work

roll. So researchers put an emphasis on the numerical method, which included difference method and

FEM. This paper analyzed temperature field and thermal stress on the surface of hot rolled strip work

roller with the help of ANSYS software. We imposed the third boundary condition load on work roll

with Solid70 thermal element resolution during computing temperature field. The result showed that

ISO direction temperature changes with time, temperature contour line, and temperature graph with

different depth on the surface of work roll. Moreover, we got Von Mises equivalent thermal stress

contour line graph in radial direction, axis direction, and shear direction by imposing temperature load

on structural element with Solid45 structural element resolution during computing thermal stress.

I completed computer simulation of 2025 hot rolled strip mill work roll in a steelwork. The result

accorded with actual measurements perfectly, which proved the accuracy of the simulation model. The

conclusion provided an analytic foundation for strip shape controls and roll life computation.

Key words: Work roll, Temperature field, Thermal stress, FEM

　　　　　　　　　　　　材料加工工程　　　　　　　　　　　　　论文题目：快淬Nd-Fe-B永磁体制备工艺与显微组织结构的研究

The Investigations for Preparation Technologies and Microstructures of Melt-spun Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets

研究生姓名：杨在志导师姓名：任慧平 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：

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近几年来，通过熔体快淬工艺制备的粘结Nd-Fe-B永磁体以容易成型、成本低等优点迅速发展起来，目前在永磁市场中所占的比重逐渐扩大，应用领域已经涉及计算机、汽车、马达、通讯和医疗等领域，成为当今社会信息产业和机电产业的基础材料。但是，粘结永磁体一个缺点就是跟烧结永磁体相比，性能较低。其中一个很重要的原因就是磁粉的性能较低。要制备高性能的粘结永磁体必须要有高性能的磁粉。为了提高粘结永磁体的磁性能，本文主要对熔体快淬制备磁粉工艺和永磁体的模压成型工艺进行了研究。实验通过熔炼技术、真空快淬技术、真空晶化热处理技术及模压成型技术制备了各向同性的

粘结永磁体，使用 BH 磁滞回线测量仪测量永磁体的磁性能。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了永磁合金的组织形貌，分析了晶粒尺寸大小对粘结永磁体磁性能的影响。利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行了显微组织分析，确定了在永磁合金的组织中有晶体和非晶共存，通过电子衍射对永磁合金中相的晶体结构进行了分析，同时也研究了非晶组织的转变过程中相的变化对磁性能的影响。在实验中还利用了X衍射仪对永磁合金的晶体取向进行了分析。实验结果表明：用 Pr元素代替NdFeB永磁合金中Nd元素，提高了永磁合金的矫顽力，最

大值达到了 1227KA/m；熔体真空快淬永磁合金的组成有三部分：非晶区、柱状晶区和等轴晶区。当熔体快淬速度为 21m/s时，合金中的柱状晶占大多数，柱状晶的生长具有一定的择优取向，该择优取向和永磁合金中的硬磁相的易磁化方向（C 轴）一致；高温短时的晶化热处理工艺可以得到晶粒细小、分布均匀的永磁体晶粒，增加了晶粒的界面积，加强了双相纳米晶复合永磁合金的交换耦合作用，提高永磁体的磁性能。高温真空模压成型工艺提高永磁体密度，减小了孔洞体积率，同时模压的过程中，永磁合金磁粉晶粒会有一定取向的转动，有利于提高永磁体的磁性能。

关键词：Nd-Fe-B永磁体；磁性能；晶化热处理；熔体快淬ABSTRACT

In the recent years, bonded Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets were developed rapidly as for it’s

molding easily and low price by the technology of melt spinning. In these days, bonded magnets have

taken up the important role at the market of permanent magnets. They are used in the many fields, such

as computer, car, motor, communication, medical treatment and so on. They have become the base

materials of the messages and machines industry. But, bonded magnets have a shortcoming, Magnetism

properties is lower than sintered magnets. The main factor is that the powders energy is low. The higher

powders energies are, the better-bonded permanents magnets is. In order to improve the magnetism, this

article mainly investigated the technologies of magnetic powders preparation and die-upsetting for

bonded permanents alloys.

The powders for isotropic permanents alloys were prepared by the technique of melting at the high

temperature and vacuum melt-spun in the experiment. The BH hysteretic loop apparatus measured

magnetic properties of permanent alloy. SEM was used for observing microstructure of alloys, analyzed

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the affection of crystallites inches for the magnetic energies of the bonded permanents magnets. TEM

was applied for the coexistence microstructure of crystal and amorphous phase. The crystal structure of

phases was analyzed by the way of electric diffraction. At the same time, the transformations of phase

structure in the process of crystal-treatment were studied, too. Crystal trend was experimented by using

X-diffraction apparatus.

All results of experiment are followed: When the other elements are homology, some Pr element

instead of Nd may improve the coercive force of the permanent magnets in the Nd-Fe-B permanents

alloys. The best value is up to 1227KA/m; Melt-spun alloys include three parts: the amorphous area, the

crystal area of pole and the equal-axis crystal area. When the velocity is 21m/s of melt-spun, the percent

of the crystal area of pole is plentiful, the up growth of pole crystal come into being the texture. The

result of experiment stated that this texture is the same to easy magnetization orientation of permanent

magnetic alloys; The fine and uniformity crystal could be gained by the technology of the heat treatment

at the high temperature for a short time. The area of crystal boundary was enhanced, Exchange coupling

was more fierceness and the magnetism was improved; By the high temperature vacuum mould

technology, the density of nanocomposite permanent magnetic alloys was improved and the volume

fraction of magnets was reduced. At the same time, the orientation of crystalline can wheel in the

process of die-upsetting. This will be benefit for permanent alloys magnetism.

Key words: Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets; Magnetic property; Crystallization heat treatment; Melt-pun

论文题目：水热合成 LaAMnO3型钙钛矿及其磁热效应的研究Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetocaloric Effect of LaAMnO3 Perovskite

研究生姓名：李 解 导师姓名：李保卫 教授协助导师：王正德 副教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要室温磁致冷技术因具有代替气体压缩制冷的可能倍受各国关注。内蒙古科技大学与包头稀土

研究院合作 6 年，进行室温磁致冷技术开发研究。本论文是这项研究的一个分支，主要目的是制备并研究室温附近的稀土锰钙钛矿磁致冷材料，为课题组研制的磁致冷样机提供制冷材料。与其它磁致冷工质相比，稀土锰钙钛矿材料具有以下优势：低磁场下其磁热效应较高，而

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且化学性质稳定、居里温度可调、电阻率大、成本低，是室温制冷的理想工质。本论文采用水热法制备了室温附近磁致冷材料—LaAMnO3型钙钛矿（A为 Ca、CaBa或

CaSr），借助XRD、SEM、TEM等仪器研究了水热合成条件（碱度、水热温度、水热时间）对其矿物成分、形貌的影响以及钙钛矿的高温热稳定性，利用 － 、 曲线测量仪研究了不同形貌钙钛矿的磁热效应及居里温度，确定了 La0.65Ca0.18Sr0.17MnO3与 La0.7Ca0.21Ba0.09MnO3样品的最佳水热合成条件，其最佳合成条件为：碱度分别为 4.16 mol/L和 6.53～8.9mol/L、水热温度均为 240℃以上、水热时间均为 80h左右。同时找到了影响合成结果的关键性因素—高压釜的密封性，最终改进了工艺：将最初的“水热—热处理”合成工艺变为一步水热即可合成。

水热条件（碱度、水热温度、水热时间）影响钙钛矿的矿物成分及形貌，不同形貌的钙钛矿样品，其磁热效应大小有差别：最佳合成条件下制备的丝状样品比其它条件下制备的块状样品磁 热 效应大，而且高温化学性能更稳定一些。采用最佳水 热条件一步直接合成的La0.65Ca0.18Sr0.17MnO3样品，为很纯的钙钛矿，在 1.4T的磁场下，其居里温度 Tc为 323K，最大

为 0.29K。A 位离子掺杂对钙钛矿（LaAMnO3）的居里温度及磁热效应均有影响；对于不同系列的 La1－xAxMnO3型钙钛矿样品，其居里温度 Tc与A 位离子掺杂量 x之间的规律性不同，采用最小二乘法回归出 La0.65Ca0.35－xSrxMnO3与 La0.7Ca0.3－xBaxMnO3两个系列钙钛矿磁热性能规律的拟合曲线，其拟合曲线分别为： 和 。依据这样的曲线规律，很容易制得室温附近的成分不同的钙钛矿样品，并能预测已知成分的钙钛矿样品的居里温度。

关键词：水热合成 钙钛矿 磁热效应 居里温度ABSTRACT

Now near-room temperature magnetic refrigerant technology is more focused on by many

countries for its replacing gas compression in the future. Inner Mongolia University of Science and

Technology had cooperated with Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earth for six years on the study of

Development of Magnetic Refrigerant Technology. This thesis belongs to the study item and its main

purposes are to prepare and study near-room temperature magnetic refrigerant materials and supply

materials for mode machine finally.

In comparision with other magnetic refrigerant materials, rare-earth manganese perovskite has

such advantages as high magnetocaloric effect at low magnetic field, good chemical stability, tunable

Curie temperature, large electrical resistivity and low cost. It is an ideal near-room temperature

magnetic refrigerant material.

In this work, the near-room temperature magnetic refrigerant samples of LaAMnO3 (A is Ca, CaBa or

CaSr) series perovskite were prepared by hydrothermal method. The influences of prepared conditions

(alkalinity, hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal time) on their mineral composition, shapes and the

magnetocaloric effects of different shapes’ perovskite samples and their high temperature hot stabilities

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were studied by XRD,SEM,TEM. The magneticaloric effects and the Curie temperatures of samples

were measured by － , curve measurement devices. The optimal hydrothermal conditions

of La0.7Ca0.21Ba0.09MnO3 and La0.65Ca0.18Sr0.17MnO3 were made certain. Their optimal hydrothermal

conditions are: alkalinity is 4.16 mol/L and 6.53～8.9mol/L respectively, hydrothermal temperature are

both over 240℃, hydrothermal time are both about 80h. At the same time, the key to influencing the

experiment result —the hermeticity of autoclave was found. At last the process was improved: turning

“hydrothermal and heat-treated sythesis” into “one-step hydrothermal sythesis”.

The prepared conditions (alkalinity, hydrothermal temperature, hydrothermal time ) have

influences on their mineral composition, shapes. The magneticaloric effects of different shape samples

are not same: the magneticaloric effects of silk-samples synthesized under optimal hydrothermal

conditions are larger and their high temperature chemistries are more stable than those of lump-samples

synthesized under the other conditions. La0.65Ca0.18Sr0.17MnO3 powders which were prepared by one-step

hydrothermal method are pure perovskite, whose Curie temperature (Tc) is 323K and maximal is

0.29K at the magnetic field of 1.4 Tesla. A2+ content have influences on the magnetocaloric effects and

Curie temperatures(Tc) of the perovskite powders. Different series LaAMnO3 perovskite have different

regularities between Curie temperature (Tc) and A2+ content. By least square method, La0.65Ca0.35 －xSrxMnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3 － xBaxMnO3 perovskite’s fitting curves were regressed respectively:

and .According to such curves, it is easy

to prepare near-room temperature, different composition perovskite samples and forecast the Curie

temperatures of given perovskite samples.

Key words: hydrothermal synthesis perovskite magnetocaloric effect Curie temperature

论文题目：粘结NdFeB永磁材料组织结构和磁性能研究The Studies of Microstructure and Properties of Bonded NdFeB Magnet

研究生姓名：周维娜 导师姓名：李文学 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：为了充分发挥我国稀土资源优势，发展我国的 NdFeB 稀土永磁产业，本文比较系统地研究

了模压成型粘结 NdFeB永磁体制备过程中的相关问题，包括磁粉的粒度分布，粘结剂含量，成14

型压力对 NdFeB 磁体磁性能的影响，以及对无粘结剂热压成型工艺的探索。在不同工艺条件下制备粘结磁体，利用 NIM-2000H 磁性能测试仪、PW1700x射线衍射仪和QUANTA400型扫描电子显微镜等测试分析手段，研究了各个工艺参数对 NdFeB 磁性材料磁性能的影响。在大量实验的基础上制备出了 Br=0.714T，Hcj=721kA•m，(BH)max=86kJ•m3的磁体。通过理论研究，得到了粘结磁体原料配比与组分参数间的关系、磁性能与组分组成间的定量

关系表述、压制过程中粉末的运动规律、磁体在空间所产生磁场的理论公式。这些结果为磁体制备和磁体使用前设计提供了理论依据，避免了工作的盲目性，通过大量的实验研究表明，不同尺寸的颗粒按一定比例混合可以适当提高磁性能，当混合

情况为：100目与 80目磁粉的质量比是 1:0.45时，再把混合磁粉与 200目磁粉按质量比为1:0.5的比例混合，可以明显提高磁体的密度和磁性能。与磁性相体积分数变化趋势相同，磁体性能随粘结剂含量增加呈现先提高后降低的规律，当粘结剂与磁粉质量比为 3%～4%时磁性能最佳。成型压力是工艺参数中最敏感的因素之一，成型压力的增加对磁体的性能而言有利，但考虑到实际设备和模具的承受能力，本实验获得的最佳的成型压力是 730Mpa。

关键词：粘结NdFeB 粘结剂 粒度分布 成型压力 磁性能ABSTRACT

To make exertions of the rare earth advantage of our country and to improve the magnetic industry,

this paper presents comparative systematic research of problems in the preparation of economical mould

pressing bonded NdFeB permanent magnets. The bonded magnet from rapid quenched NdFeB has been

produced, and the influence of the technique factors such as coupling agent, coupling process, powder

particle size, binder, solidification process, formation process on its properties has been analysised by

means of NIM-2000H magnetic properties analysis, PW1700 x-ray diffraction, and QUANTA400 SEM,

etc. From a lot of tests, the bonded NdFeB magnet with high properties have been prepared by rapid

quenched powder, and the mechanic and magnetic properties with Br=0.714T， Hcj=721kA•m，(BH)max=86kJ.

Several formulations are given in the article. They show many relationships, such as the

relationship between component ratio and geometrical size of institutes, the relationship between

magnet powder and the volume percentage of magnet powder, and the relationship between powder

movement and density. These formulations make things convenient for the pre-design of magnet.

Experiments proved that the mixture of different size of powder can improve its properties. It is

better to mix 100 mesh and 80 mesh as 1:0.45, then mix the former mixture with 200 mesh with ratio as

1:0.5. When the content of binder was changed, the magnetic properties are following the same law as

the density. The best range of the content of binder is 3%～4%(Wt.). Moulding pressure is the most

important factor, high pressure can increase its properties. But the die would be destroyed by pressure,

so the best pressure is 730Mpa.

15

Key words: bonded NdFeB; binder; particle size; pressure; magnetic properties

论文题目：废塑料作为高炉喷吹辅助燃料的基础性研究Fundamental Study of Injecting Plastic Scrap as Assistant Fuel into BF

研究生姓名：陈伟鹏 导师姓名：朱 蒙 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：本文对废塑料作为高炉喷吹辅助燃料做了基础性的研究。由于废塑料成分复杂，所以选择了

聚丙烯等五种典型塑料分别进行研究。采用热分析仪，分析不同塑料试样分别在惰性气氛和氧化性气氛中恒速升温条件下热失重过程中的吸热与放热情况。采用热重法研究了聚丙烯等五种塑料分别在氧化性气氛和惰性气氛中恒速升温条件下和恒温条件下的热失重特性。采用碘量法和硝酸银滴定法检测了 PVC燃烧气体产物中 Cl的存在形式，并就其对高炉煤气洗涤系统的影响进行了讨论。采用X射线衍射仪对塑料燃烧后固体残余物的组成进行分析。结果表明：不同塑料的热稳定性各不相同，氮气气氛中稳定性顺序 依次为：

LPE、PP、ABS、PA6、PVC；空气气氛中稳定性顺序依次为：LPE、PP、ABS、PVC、PA6。PVC的热失重过程是分两部分进行的，第一部分是 Cl的脱除过程，第二部分是剩余有机物的热失重过程，第一部分 Cl的脱除过程的反应速度明显快于第二部分剩余有机物的热失重过程的反应速度。不同塑料在两种气氛下的热失重反应都符合一级反应模型。高炉回旋区前段是氧化性气氛和高温环境有利于塑料颗粒的迅速燃烧。氧气对塑料颗粒的热失重有明显的促进作用。塑料在高炉炉缸回旋区内能够快速燃烧。在假设回旋区平均温度为 1800℃时，计算得到以上五种塑料颗粒的燃烧率达到 80%时所需的理论燃烧时间大约为 40～71ms。在喷吹混合塑料（PVC占 18%）小于3.60kg/t.Fe的情况下，不会对高炉煤气洗涤系统造成腐蚀。尼龙的燃烧残余物中主要成分为 SiO2

和 C，PVC的燃烧残余物中主要成分为 C22H14 ，Ca(ClO3)2，CaCO3，C。

关键词：废塑料；高炉喷吹；热重法；PVC

ABSTRACT

The technology of injecting waste plastic scrap as assistant fuel into BF was fundamentally studied

in the paper. Because component of waste plastic is very complex，five kinds of model plastics have

been selected to be studied. Decalescence and egress of heat of different plastics was studied at constant

temperature and during rising in temperature on constant rate in oxidizing and protective atmosphere by

DTA 。Thermogravimetric characteristic of plastic scrap was studied by TG at constant temperature and

during rising in temperature on constant rate in oxidizing and protective atmosphere. Chloride in

16

combustion product of PVC were measured by iodometric method and lunar caustic titration, moreover

the influence of Chloride on washing device of coal gas were discussed. Component of salvage stores

was analysed by XRD

The reslutes show: Heat endurance of different plastics are different, subsequence of heat

endurance of different plastics in N2：LPE、PP、ABS、PVC、PA6。Heat endurance of different plastics

are different, subsequence of heat endurance of different plastics in air ：LPE、PP、ABS、PVC 、PA6 。Thermogravimetric curve of PVC is two－part,first Cl separate from

PVC,second organic matter loss of weight. Speed of first reaction is faster than second reaction.

thermogravimetric characteristic of plastic scrap is fitting for first-order reaction at oxidizing and

protective atmosphere. It is avail to promote weight loss to elevate temperature and oxygen can promote

weight loss of plastic scrap. Plastic scrap can quickly burnt in cyclotron area of BF. There is a

hypothesis that average temperature is 1800℃ in backspin area of blast furnace,Calculated combustion

time of different samples are 40～71ms when combustion rate is 80%.When the weight of injected

plastic(18%PVC) is less than 3.60kg/t.Fe, washing device of coal gas can’t be eroded. Combusition

residue of PA6 are SiO2 and C.Combusition residue of PVC are C22H14 ,Ca(ClO3)2,CaCO3,C。

Key words：waste plastic；injecting for blast furnace；TG；PVC

论文题目：固体氧化物燃料电池Cu基阳极的制备与性能研究Perparation and Performance of Solid-oxide Fuel

Cell Cu-based Anodes

研究生姓名：彭 军 导师姓名：安胜利 教授协助导师：宋希文 副教授

赵文广 副教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：化学共沉淀法可以制备比表面积大、颗粒小、分散良好、烧结体电导率高的固体电解质纳米粉

末，但其成本较高且周期长、工作量大，低温燃烧合成法可以达到相同的效果，而且成本低、效率高。固体氧化物燃料电池用 Ni加电解质作为阳极，在 H2作为燃料时性能较好，但是用碳氢燃料时，由于Ni催化碳的沉积，使电池效率急剧下降，甚至由于碳的生长会破坏电池。Cu是一种

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惰性金属，对碳氢化合物的沉碳反应没有催化作用，是一种可能的固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料。采用低温燃烧合成法制备了氧化钐、氧化钆二元稀土掺杂氧化铈纳米粉体。利用DTA/TG 热

分析对硝酸铈/柠檬酸胶体的燃烧反应进行了研究，胶体的点火温度约为 230℃。利用 XRD和BET等现代物理测试方法对氧化铈纳米粉体的物相和比表面积等性能进行了表征，650℃焙烧的粉体具有立方萤石结构、高的比表面积，粉体的比表面积在 41.116－23.847m2/g之间，平均颗粒直径为 20.268nm－34.945nm，呈良好的分散状态。利用交流阻抗法测试了材料的电导率。结果表明，(CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.08(Gd2O3)0.02固体电解质的电导率高最，900℃时达 0.0973S·cm-1。采用涂层法制备了 Cu－CeO2基阳极燃料电池。利用恒电位法研究了阳极中Cu含量对阳极电

导率的影响，得出 CuO含量在不小于 50％时，阳极中 Cu才能形成连续的网络结构。利用能谱和线扫描对 Cu烧结扩散进行了研究，发现对于 Cu基阳极，在制备阳极时烧结温度不能超过1130℃，超过此温度后 Cu向电解质扩散剧烈。在 H2气氛下测试了 Cu基阳极固体氧化物燃料电池的性能。首先利用能谱和线扫描研究了

700℃下阳极中 Cu扩散行为，在此温度下 Cu可以向电解质扩散，但速度非常缓慢，为沿晶扩散，并利用 SEM研究了 Cu颗粒长大情况，发现在 650－850℃温度段 Cu颗粒长大趋势小。利用Solartron 1287A恒电位仪和 Solartron 1260A阻抗普仪测试电池 V－I、W－I 曲线及电池交流阻抗谱，得出 Cu50％的阳极输出功率大，极化小，CeO2对阳极电化学反应有良好的催化作用。

关键词：低温燃烧合成，电导率，扩散，燃料电池，极化ABSTRACT

Chemical Co-precipitation can synthesize nano-powders of solid electrolyte,it has high specific

surface area, small particle size, high dispersion behaviours, and the sinter has high ionic

conductivity,but this method has high cost,long cycle and great workload.The low temperature

combustion synthesis can obtain same target,moreover,has low cost and is efficient. Solid oxide fuel

cell (SOFC),has a anode that is manufactured by a Ni- electrolyte composite,is very efficient with

hydrogen,but witn hydrocarbons fuel,Nickel has a high catalytic activity for the dehydrogenation of the

hydrocarbons,thus the efficiency of the SOFC sharply deteriorate,and even the cell is destroyed because

the carbon continually grow up.Copper is inert for carbon formation,and is potential anode material of

SOFC.

The Sm2O3 ， Gd2O3 doped CeO2 nano-powders were synthesized by the low temperature

combustion synthesis.Differential thermal analysis/themogravimertry analysis results show that the

igniting temperature of cerium nitrate and ethylene glycol redox mixture is about 230℃. The phase and

specific surface area of the doped ceria powders were characterized by XRD and BET, The results show

that doped ceria powders calcined at 650℃ have a cubic fluorite structure,high specific surface area that

the range of the specific surface area is from 23.847m2/g to 41.116m2/g , an average size of 20.268nm to

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34.945nm, and a high dispersion behaviours. The ionic conductivity of doped Ceria electrolytes were

measured by the a.c impedance spectroscopy technique.the results show that

(CeO2)0.8(Sm2O3)0.08(Gd2O3)0.02 solid electrolyte has a high conductivity.its conductivity is 0.0973Scm-1at

900℃.

Cu-CeO2-based anode fuel cell is manufactured by coating.the The relation between conductivity

of anodes and the Cu content of anodes is studied by Potentionstatic means.the results show that the

copper of anode form continuous meshwork structure when the Cu content is not less than 50%.The

diffusion of Cu when anode and electrolyte were sintered were studied by line scanning and energy

spectrum.We discoveried that the temperature cann’t be above 1130℃ when anode was sintered,if the

sinter temperature was higher than 1130℃, copper will acutely diffuse into electrolyte.

The performance of the Cu-CeO2-based anodes solid oxide fuel cell was tested with H2.The

diffusion of Cu in cells at 700℃ was studied by line scanning and energy spectrum.The results indicate

that copper can diffuse into electrolyte at this temperature,but the velocity of diffusion is very slow,and

its diffusion is intercrystaline diffusing.The growth of copper grain was researched by scanning electron

microscopy (SEM).We finded that the trend of the copper grain growth is very slow at when the

temperature range from 650 ℃ to 850℃.The V-I、 P-I、the a.c impedance spectroscopy of cells was

tested by the Solartron 1287A Potentiostat and the Solartron 1260A Impedance/Gain-phase

Analyzer.The resuts show that when copper content is 50% the fuel cell has high ouput power and low

polarization,and we finded that CeO2 has a high catalytic activity for electrochemical reaction of anode.

Key words：Low temperature combustion synthesis,conductivity,diffuse,fuel cell,polarization

论文题目：磁性形状记忆合金Ni-Mn-Ga的相变研究Study of Phase Transformation In Ni-Mn-Ga

Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

研究生姓名：王志成 导师姓名：赵增祺 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：

Ni-Mn-Ga合金是Heusler合金中唯一兼有铁磁性和形状记忆效应的材料。通常的形状记忆合金是非铁磁性的，其形状和尺寸的变化受控于温度和应力。Ni-Mn-Ga合金的形状记忆效应除了

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受温度、应力的影响外，还可以通过磁场来控制。利用磁场改变马氏体的取向，可以产生大的磁感生应变。这一性能特点决定了这种材料在传感和驱动元件中发挥突出的作用，所以受到人们的普遍关注。然而，该材料相变行为复杂，磁感生应变不稳定，力学性能和加工性能差以及居里温度偏低等原因使其应用受到限制。本文针对 Ni-Mn-Ga合金存在的实际问题，从多晶材料入手，研究了稀土在材料改性方面的作用，同时探讨了磁感生应变、Tb 提高合金力学性能的机制。重点研究了以下几个方面：

系统的研究了 Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx（ x<1）合金的晶体结构。实验结果表明，室温下，Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx（x<1）合金的晶体结构属于非调制型马氏体，稀土元素 Tb的加入并没有改变Ni50Mn29Ga21的结构类型。研究了Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx（x<1）合金的金相组织。实验结果表明，稀土元素 Tb的加入明显的

减小了合金的晶粒尺寸，同时 Tb主要聚集在晶界上，在晶内有零星的分布。研究了Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx（x<1）合金的相变特性。非化学计量的Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx（x<1）比化

学计量 Ni2MnGa有更高的马氏体相变温度。研究了Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx（x<1）合金的力学性能。稀土元素 Tb的加入可以显著的提高合金的

力学性能，其原因有两方面：一方面，Tb的加入降低了对合金抗弯性能起有害作用的氧、硫等元素杂质；另一方面，Tb的加入起到了细化晶粒的作用。研究了Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx（x<1）合金的磁学特性。稀土元素 Tb的加入对合金的居里温度和饱

和磁化强度基本没有影响。研究了Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx（x<1）合金的磁感生应变性能。稀土元素 Tb的加入最初可以使合金

的磁感生应变性能提高，但是当 x>0.1后，合金的磁感生应变性能开始下降。总之，稀土元素 Tb的加入使得Ni2MnGa合金的马氏体相变温度和力学性能提高，同时基本

保持其他的性能不变，展示了较好的应用前景。

关键词：Ni-Mn-Ga合金，稀土元素 Tb, 晶体结构，力学性能ABSTRACT

Ni-Mn-Ga alloy is the only one that both ferromagnetic and shape memory effect among Heusler

alloy family. In most cases shape memory alloys are nonmagnetic and the options to influence their

shape and dimensions are restricted to temperature and stress. In Ni-Mn-Ga, however, the change in the

shape and dimensions can be influenced by an external magnetic filed in addition to temperature and

stress. The alloy demonstrates large magnetic-field-induced strains (MFIS) based on reorientation of

martensite variants in magnetic field. This characteristic will make the alloy a candidate of ideal smart

driving materials. Thus Ni-Mn-Ga alloy has been received much attention. However, all the complexity

of phase transition, unstable MFIS, mechanical property and process ability, and lower Curie

temperature of the alloy greatly limit its application. In view of this situation, and considering

polycrystalline materials, effect of rare earth on modification and physical essence and mechanism of

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MFIS and bending strength have been studied. The major research efforts as follows:

There was no obvious effect of rare earth metal Tb on Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx(x<1) alloys’ crystal

structures. The addition of Tb did not change the crystal structure of Ni50Mn29Ga21 and at room

temperature the crystal structure was non-modulated type.

The addition of Tb could remarkably decrease size of grains and most of Tb gathered on the border

of grains. Besides that, there was a little quantity of Tb separated in the grains.

Ni50Mn29Ga21Tbx(x<1) have much higher matensite phase transformation temperature than

Ni2MnGa.

The addition of Tb has no effect on Curie temperature and magnetization.

Bending strength of the alloys increased because of the addition of Tb. There were two reasons:

firstly, the addition of Tb removed the elements such as O、 S which were harmful to mechanical

property; Secondly, the addition of Tb fined the grains.

With the addition of Tb, MIFS increased at first and when x>0.1 it decreased.

In short, the addition of Tb could remarkably improve properties of mechanic and phase transition

while other properties could keep constant, therefore the alloys showed a prospective practice future.

Key words: Ni-Mn-Ga alloy; rear earth Tb; crystal structure; mechanical property

论文题目：快淬 La-Mg-Ni 系贮氢合金结构与电化学性能的研究 The Investigation on Structures and Electrochemical

Performances of Melt-spinning La-Mg-Ni Based Hydrogen Storage Alloys

研究生姓名：董小平 导师姓名：张羊换 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：随着科技的进步，环保意识的加强，移动电子产品的日益小型、轻质化，要求小型高容量

Ni/MH电池配套，众所周知AB5型贮氢合金的容量已接近其理论值，进一步提升空间较小。这就促使开发有更高能量密度的新一代贮氢电极合金。对于提高容量来说，最具希望的合金之一是La-Mg-Ni 系（PuNi3型）合金，但此类贮氢合金存在的主要问题是电化学循环稳定性较差。因此，开展对此系列合金的系统研究，具有重要的学术价值和良好的应用前景。本文主要应用熔炼法和真空快淬技术制备了 La-Mg-Ni 系合金，用开口式三电极系统测试了

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合金的电化学性能，用 XRD分析了合金的相组成及相结构，用 SEM和光学显微镜观察了合金的微观组织形貌，用 TEM观察了快淬态合金的形貌并用 SAD 确定其晶态。全面系统的研究了快淬工艺对贮氢合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响，得到如下一些主要结论：

1. 综合研究了铸态及快淬态 La2Mg(Ni0.85Co0.15)9Mx (M=B, Cr; x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) 合金的微观结构及电化学性能。结果表明，B、Cr的加入导致铸态合金的容量下降，快淬使不含硼合金的放电容量随淬速的增加而单调减少，含硼合金的容量随淬速的变化有一个极大值，这主要是由于快淬使 Ni2B相消失，从而使 LaNi2相的量下降。快淬工艺与 B、Cr的加入不同程度的改善合金的循环稳定性，这主要是由于快淬使合金的晶粒细化和非晶相的形成所致。

2. 研究了合金 La2Mg(Ni0.85-xCo0.15Cux)9 (x＝0, 0.02, 0.05) 的微观结构及电化学性能，结果表明，随 Cu含量及淬速的增加，合金的容量降低，这主要是由于快淬导致的晶格应力增加以及非晶相的形成。快淬使合金晶粒细化以及非晶相的形成是合金的循环寿命提高的重要原因。

3. 导致贮氢合金失效的主要原因是在电化学循环过程中的氧化腐蚀，非晶相的形成能有效的提高合金在腐蚀性电解液中的抗氧化腐蚀性能。因此提高合金表面的抗腐蚀能力是提高 La-

Mg-Ni 系（PuNi3型）贮氢合金循环稳定性的关键。

关键词：快淬，La-Mg-Ni 系(PuNi3型)贮氢合金，微观结构，循环稳定性ABSTRACT

The mobile electronic devices increasingly lessen and lighten with advancement of science and

technology, strengthen of environmental protection consciousness. Ni/MH battery requires mini-type

and high capacity. As we all know, the discharge capacity of currently advanced AB5-type electrode

alloy is approaching its theoretical one, it seems to be very difficult to further increase the capacity of

the AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy. Therefore, newer type alloys with higher energy density are

urgently needed to replaces the conventional rare-based AB5-type alloy. One of the most promising

candidates is the La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) for increasing the capacity, but it has one main

question that La-Mg-Ni system electrode has poor cycle stability. Therefore, comprehensive

investigation of La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) alloy has significant academic value and excellent

application future.

La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) hydrogen storage alloys were prepared by cast and rapidly

quenched technology at vacuum atmosphere. The electrochemical performances of the experimental

alloys were measured by an open tri-electrode system. The microstructures of the as-cast and quenched

alloys were studied systematically: the phase structures were analyzed by XRD, the microstructures and

morphologies of the alloys were observed by SEM and Optics microscope, The crystalline state and

morphologies of the as-quenched alloys were determined by TEM and SAD. The influences of rapidly

quenched technology on the microstructures and electrochemical performances of the experimental

alloys were researched in detail, and some important conclusion were obtained:

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1. The microstructures and electrochemical performances of the as-cast and quenched

La2Mg(Ni0.85Co0.15)9Mx (M=B, Cr; x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) alloys were synthetically investigated.

The obtained results show that the additions of B, Cr decrease capacity of the as-cast alloy. The

discharge of the as-quenched alloy without boron monotonously decreases with the increase of

quenching rate, whereas the discharge capacity of the as-quenched alloy containing boron can attain a

maximum value for a given quenching rate. It is ascribed to rapid quenching leads to a distinct decrease

of the Ni2B phase, and decreases the amount of the LaNi2 phase. Rapidly quenched technology and the

additions of B, Cr can slightly enhance the cycle stability of the alloy, it is mainly attributed to the

formation of grain refinement and amorphous phase produced by rapid quenching.

2. The microstructures and electrochemical performances of the as-cast and quenched La2Mg(Ni0.85-

xCo0.15Cux)9 (x=0, 0.02, 0.05) alloys were investigated. The obtained results show that the capacity of the

alloy decreases with the increase of Cu content and quenching rate, this is mainly attributed to the

increase of the lattice stress and the formation of the amorphous phase after rapid quenching treatment.

The important cause of enhancing the cycle life of the alloy is the formation of grain refinement and

amorphous phase produced by rapid quenching.

3.The causes leading to the La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) hydrogen storage alloy efficacy loss is

the oxidation and corrosion of the surface of the alloy electrode in process of the electrochemical

cycling. The formation of amorphous phase can effectively improve the anti-oxidation and corrosion

capabilities of the alloy immerged in corrosive electrolyte. Therefore, the key to enhance the cycle

stability of the La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) hydrogen storage alloy advances the anti-oxidation and

corrosion capabilities of the surface of the alloy.

Key words ： Rapidly quenched, La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) Hydrogen storage alloy,

Microstructure, Cycle stability

论文题目：CSP薄板坯连铸连轧层流冷却过程温度场数值模拟Numerical Simulation for Temperature Field of CSP Thi SlabContinuous Casting and Rolling Laminar Cooling

研究生姓名：李东锋 导师姓名：曹建刚 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：

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薄板坯连铸连轧技术目前已进入工业大生产行列，并取得显著的经济效益，有着广阔的发展前景。因此对与此技术相关的课题的研究有着十分重要的意义。

CSP生产线上常用的冷却方式是层流冷却。热轧后的层流冷却过程不仅降低了板带温度，更为重要的是奥氏体的分解基本在此过程中发生。根据冷却制度的不同，热轧后的变形奥氏体可以转变为不同的组织和不同的晶粒尺寸。所以层流冷却过程是 CSP生产过程中十分重要的环节。本论文针对包头钢铁集团公司的 CSP层流冷却生产线的实际情况，综合分析了在层流冷却

过程中热轧钢板的换热情况。热轧钢板从精轧机出来到地下卷取机之间的冷却过程可以分成喷淋水冷却段与空冷段两部分分别加以考虑。在喷淋水冷却段根据冷却水与热轧钢板的实际换热情况，又将其细分为冲击区与非冲击区两部分分别加以对待。最终得出各种换热条件下的换热系数经验公式，将其作为温度场数值模拟计算中的边界条件。在数值计算中，奥氏体分解所释放的相变潜热采取等价比热容法进行处理。材料的热物性参

数，除密度受温度影响不大取为常数之外，其他参数都作为温度的函数进行处理。温度场数值模拟计算的结果表明：在层流冷却过程中所释放的相变潜热使轧件卷取温度明

显升高；随着轧件厚度的增加，内外冷却不均，轧件内外温差明显增大；轧件的运行速度增加使卷取温度升高的原因主要是冷却时间的减少，而不是换热系数的增大；增大冷却水的水流密度，降低冷却水的温度都会使轧件与冷却水之间的换热系数增大，从而使轧件的卷取温度降低，但相比之下，冷却水温度的降低对换热的影响更为剧烈。

关键词：CSP 层流冷却温度场 数值模拟ABSTRACT

Thin slab continuous casting and rolling technology has already entered the industrial great

production ranks at present, and has made remarkable economic benefits. It has a very wide

development prospects. So studying the subject correlating with this technology has very important

meaning.

Laminar cooling is commonly used on CSP product line. It is a very important link in CSP product

process. Laminar cooling after the hot rolling reduced the temperature of the plate, and the more

important thing is that the austenite was mostly decomposed in this course. According to the cooling

system, the austenite can be changed into different organization, and may have different size of

crystalline grain. So we can control the organization form and size of crystalline grain of the finished

product by the controlled cooling, and get better comprehensive properties.

Based on the laminar cooling line of the CSP plant of Baotou Iron & Steel Group Company, the

heat transfer conditions was comprehensively analyzed. Between the fine mill and the downcoiler, the

cooling course was divided into air cooling and water cooling. According to the actual heat transfer

condition, the water cooling course was divided into impingement region and parallel flow region.

Finally, the coefficients experience formula was get. And it was used in the temperature field numerical

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simulate calculation as boundary conditions.

During the calculation, the latent heat was dealt with specific heat capacity law. Except the

material density, the other thermalphysical parameters were dealt as the function of the plate

temperature.

The result of the numerical simulate calculation shows: The latent heat released during the laminar

cooling make the coiling temperature increased obviously; If the thickness of the plate enhanced, the

temperature field turned to more uneven; Higher transport speed will make the coiling temperature

increased. The primary reason of it is reduced the cooling time. Increase the spray water density or

decrease the temperature of cooling water will raise the heat transfer coefficients. As a result the coiling

temperature was descended. By contrast, the change of water temperature has more violent influence on

the heat transfer coefficients.

Key words：CSP laminar cooling temperature field numerical simulation

论文题目：多流低频电磁铸造铝合金理论及实验研究Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Multi-strand Low-frequency Electromagnetic Casting of Aluminum Alloy

研究生姓名：谢麒麟 导师姓名：麻永林 教授协助导师：李建超 讲师专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：低频电磁铸造（CREM）是铝合金成型的一种新兴工艺，它能显著提高铝合金铸锭的性能和

质量。本文首先研究了直接冷却半连续铸造过程的温度场，并在此基础上对多流低频电磁铸造各铸流磁场之间的相互影响进行了数值模拟。通过在铸锭中埋入热电偶，测定了直接冷却半连续铸造过程中Ф100 mm的铝合金铸锭近表

面的动态温度，采用逆向法计算出了其水冷段的换热系数，该水冷换热系数是铸锭表面温度的函数。开始时随着铸锭表面温度的降低，换热系数逐渐增大；在温度由 400 ℃降至 130 ℃的过程中，换热系数急剧增大，温度在 130 ℃左右时达到最大，其最值大约为 23000 W/(m2·K)；当温度继续降低时，铸锭表面换热系数又迅速减小。文中对换热系数的变化进行了理论分析。

针对所做实验的实际浇铸工艺，建立了直接冷却半连续铸造凝固过程的三维有限元模型，首先对Ф100 mm的铝合金圆锭凝固过程进行了模拟，并将模拟结果与实测结果进行了比较，以

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此来验证模型的正确性；然后采用该模型来模拟 Ф174 mm的铝合金圆锭的凝固过程，着重研究了凝固过程中铸锭液相穴深度的变化。当浇注温度为 690 ~ 710 ℃，拉速为 90 ~ 100 mm/min时，液相穴深度在 65 mm到 85 mm之间，浇注温度每增加 10 ℃，液相穴要相应增加 4 ~ 5 mm；拉速每增加 5 mm/min，液相穴深度相应增加约 3 ~ 4 mm。最后研究了铸锭出结晶器时的坯壳厚度。

根据Ф174 mm铝合金圆锭直接冷却过程中液相穴深度的变化，初步确定了低频电磁铸造铝合金圆锭感应线圈的安放位置；然后采用当前大型数值模拟软件 ANSYS模拟了单流与多流低频电磁铸造铝合金过程的电磁场，通过分析比较发现，在多流低频电磁铸造 6063铝合金过程中，各铸流磁场之间的影响非常小。

关键词：低频电磁铸造；换热系数；温度场；液相穴深度；电磁场ABSTRACT

Low-frequency electromagnetic casting is a burgeoning moulding process for aluminum alloy. The

properties and quality of the aluminum alloy ingot can be improved prominently by this process.

Temperature field of the direct chill semicontinuous casting process is experimentally and theoretically

studied in this paper, and on the basis of the results of temperature field, the interaction of each strand’s

magnetic field of multi-strand low-frequency electromagnetic casting is simulated by ANSYS.

In order to measure the dynamic temperatures of the ingot’s near surface during direct chill

semicontinuous casting, thermocouples are immersed in the liquid pool and consequently entrapped in

the solid, the aluminum alloy ingot is 100 mm in diameter. For water cooling zone, the heat transfer

coefficient (HTC) is calculated then by inverse method, and it’s the function of the ingot surface

temperature. Firstly, the HTC increases while the ingot surface temperature descends. And then when

the temperature decreases from 400 ℃ to 130 ℃, the HTC increases sharply, and the max HTC is about

23000 W/(m2·K) at 130 ℃. When the temperature is under 130 ℃, the HTC decreases with the

temperature descending. The change of the HTC is analyzed theoretically in this paper.

A 3-D FEM model of the direct chill semicontinuous casting is built under the real casting

processes of the experiment. In order to validate it’s correctness, the model is applied to simulate the

solidifying process of the experimental aluminum alloy ingot. For the computed and measured

temperatures, a good agreement is achieved. Then use this model to simulate the solidifying process of

the Ф174 mm aluminum alloy ingot, the emphasis we take care of is the sump depth under different

casting conditions. When the pouring temperature is in the range of 690 ℃ to 710 ℃, the casting speed

is in the range of 90 mm/min to 100 mm/min, then the sump depth is in the range of 65 mm to 85 mm.

When the pouring temperature increase 10 ℃ each time, the sump depth will increase about 4~ 5 mm

correspondingly, and when the casting speed increase 5 mm/min each time, the sump depth will increase

about 3 ~ 4 mm correspondingly too. The thickness of the shell at the end of the mold is studied finally.

The coil position of the mold is designed according to the sump depth of direct chill casting of

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Ф174 mm aluminum alloy and other factors. Then use the numerical simulation software ANSYS to

simulate the magnetic field of one-strand and multi-strand low-frequency electromagnetic casting.

Through analysis and comparison, we found that during the process of multi-strand low-frequency

electromagnetic casting of 6063 aluminum alloy, the magnetic fields of each strand have little effect on

each other.

Key words：low-frequency electromagnetic casting，HTC，temperature field，sump depth,

electromagnetic field

论文题目：稀土 La对纯净钢组织与性能的影响Effect of Rare earth La on Microstructure and Property of The Purity Steel

研究生姓名：李 峰 导师姓名：李春龙 总工协助导师：刘宗昌 教授

任慧平 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：

利用武钢生产的工业纯铁为原料，经过纯铝脱氧后加入纯稀土镧，利用稀土镧作为单一合金元素，冶炼稀土单一合金纯净钢。通过调整稀土加入量，冶炼出 5种不同稀土含量的实验用钢。利用扫描电子显微镜、光学金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜，分析和研究了在不同稀土含量情况下，稀土对纯净钢夹杂物类型、形态的影响。通过对纯净钢组织的观察，发现稀土对钢中夹杂物有变质和球化的作用，并且形成稀土复合化合物。随着稀土含量的增加，稀土化合物有变质Al2O3、MnS夹杂作用，使之转变为 LaAlO3、La2O2S、LaXSY型夹杂物。稀土夹杂物中的稀土含量与硫含量的比例也随着钢中稀土总含量的增加而变化，分别为 1#：1：4；2#：3：5；3#：1：1；4#：3：2。而且稀土夹杂物弥散分布，其最大直径不超过 3μm。起到细化晶粒和提高基体强度的作用。通过无水电解液低温电解等离子光谱分析发现，随着钢中稀土含量的增加，钢中的稀土固

溶量也随着增加。当钢中的稀土含量达到 0.0426%时，钢中稀土的固溶量达到 0.226%。固溶稀土主要分布在晶界和晶体缺陷处。在退火工艺中，随着钢中稀土固溶含量的增加，纯净钢中的晶粒细化，同时晶粒内出现亚

晶界，亚晶粒也随着得到细化，亚晶界也变的更多更明显。27

在淬火工艺中，利用光学显微镜对组织进行观察发现，稀土影响纯净钢组织的转变温度。并且在相同的冷却条件下，稀土含量对试样的组织产生明显影响。通过对不同稀土含量的试样在950℃淬冰盐水实验发现，未加稀土的纯净钢试样发生块状相变，其组织为大块状不规则界面的块状组织，而稀土含量为 0.0426%的纯净钢中，其组织转变为片状的块状组织，其形貌发生了明显的变化。进而证明了稀土含量的增加，能使钢的 CCT 曲线向下方偏移的结果。通过测定试验钢的硬度和抗拉强度，可以看出稀土的加入明显提高了纯净钢的硬度和抗拉

强度。

关键词：稀土 纯净钢 块状相变 夹杂物 固溶ABSTRACT

The raw materials of the experiment are the industry pure iron which has been produced by wuhan

iron-steel company. They were deoxidized by the pure Al , and put into the pure La. Through adjusting

the contents of the rare earth La element which acted as the single alloying element, we got 5 kinds of

the purity steel with different contents of La element.

Taking the advantage of the optics microscope, TEM and SEM, we analyzed and researched the

effect on the inclusions, and on the microstructure by means of different heat treatment process. After

the experiments, we found that the rare earth’s contributions of degeneration and balling, and at the

same time the rare earth La reacted to the inclusions which existed in the purity steel. The reaction

results were the formation of the compounded inclusions. With the increasing of the La element, the

inclusions changed from Al2O3 into LaAlO3、La2O2S、LaXSY gradually, and the rate of La element and S

element changed into 1：4，3：5，1：1，3：2 respectively. The inclusions of the rare earth La in the

purity steel were not only dispersive, but also the biggest diameter of the inclusions was not beyond

3μm which played a role of refining the crystal grains and strengthening the basic body .

By analyzing of ICP spectrum method, we found that the solid solubility quantity increased along

with the increasing of the contents of La element in the purity steel. The solid solubility quantity can

reach to 0.266 % when the contents of La element amounted to 0.426 %, and the solid solubility mainly

existed in the boundary of crystal grains.

During the process of annealing, the sub-crystal boundaries appeared and refined. The sub-crystal

boundary became more and obvious on account of the increasing of contents of La element.

During the quenching process, making use of optics microscope, we found the La element affected

the transformation temperature of the purity steel, and the figure of microstructure. The quenched

microstructure changed from the lump figure into the pin figure.

In addition, we tested the strength and the hardness. In the test, we found that the rare earth La

element can raise the hardness and the strength.

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Key words: rare earth purity steel massive transformation inclusion solid solubility

论文题目：等通道挤压法制备纳米级奥氏体不锈钢的实验研究Experiment of ECAP Preparation for Nano-size Austenitic Stainless Steel

研究生姓名：龚志华 导师姓名：王宝峰 教授协助导师：杨 刚 高工

刘正东 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：

ECAP（等通道挤压）方法能够有效利用纯剪切变形使金属材料基体组织充分细化至纳米级。本文利用自制模具对奥氏体不锈钢进行了多道次等通道挤压，采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射分析等手段对奥氏体不锈钢在 ECAP过程中的细化机理进行了研究。室温下对 00Cr18Ni12奥氏体不锈钢进行了 8道次等通道挤压。结果表明，由于奥氏体不锈

钢的层错能较低，交滑移难以进行，原奥氏体晶粒在剪切力的作用下以孪生和位错滑移复合的方式进行变形，变形初期，挤压过程中形成的高密度位错促使胞状结构形成，随变形的加剧胞状结构形成具有小角度取向的亚晶，最后转变为具有大角度晶界的新晶粒。挤压到六道次时形成新晶粒尺寸约为 0.25μm，八道次时晶粒则进一步细化至 0.15μm。在剪切压力作用下不锈钢通过孪生变形形成了大量的机械孪晶。原始组织的退火孪晶和新形成的机械孪晶在进一步 ECAP变形中主要通过两种方式细化。（1）大的孪晶通过孪生和滑移的交互切割，相互作用使组织得到细化形成高密度位错墙和位错胞，最后形成纳米和亚微米级的新的（亚）晶粒。（2）孪晶由单系孪晶通过剪切力的作用发生偏转形成了多系孪晶。挤压一道次时基体组织就发生了马氏体相变，马氏体含量达到 20％，形成了复相基体组织，挤压 8道次马氏体含量达到 84％。相变产生的马氏体组织在随后的挤压过程中也发生细化，方式主要是滑移和孪生，位错在滑移边界和孪生边界聚集形成了亚晶边界，最后逐渐向大角度晶界转变，挤压六道次形成马氏体亚晶尺寸约为0.4μm。

关键词：等通道挤压 纳米级 层错能 大角度晶界 马氏体相变ABSTRACT

ECAP（Equal channel angular pressing） is an effective method that is capable of producing nano-

size grain metal through pure shear deformation. The author press an austenitic stainless

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steel(00Cr18Ni12) server passes by ECAP using self-made die. By means of SEM , TEM and XRD , the

refinement mechanism of the austenitic stainless steel during ECAP was investigated. In addition, the

microstructure and mechanical properties of steel after ECAP and heat treated were also studied.

At the room temperature, an austenitic stainless steel(00Cr18Ni12) was pressed 8 passes. The results

show that because of the low fault energy, the cross-dislocation is difficult to occur for the austenitic

steel. Under the shear stress, the original austenitic grain deforms through a compound style i.e.

twinning and slipping. At the beginning of deformation the high density dislocation formed during the

press promotes the creation of the cell blocks which transform to sub-grain with low angle misorient

after more passes. With further deformation, a new grain with large angle grain boundary is formed at

last. After 6 passes the new grain is about 0.25μm, after 8 passes the grain is refined further to 0.15μm.

The twins including initial anneal-twins and newly formed mechanical-twins were refined in following

ECAP. Twins have two deformation mechanism during ECAP: (1) The first is that twins were refined

and formed nano-size grains and sub-micron grains by the interaction of twinning and slipping, finally

formed nano-size grains and sub-micron grains; (2) one-system twins develop gradually to multi-system

twins by the pure shearing strength. The martensitic transformation is observed during 1 pass, and its

content is about 20%, so the double phase structure is formed and after 8 passes the content increase to

84%. The martensite is also refined during the press and its deformation style is still the twinning and

slipping, dislocations congregate at the boundary of twinning and slipping and form the sub-grain

boundary which transforms to the large angel grain boundary with increasing the deformation. The sub-

grain martensite after 6 passes is about 0.4μm.

Key words: equal channel angular press(ECAP), nano-size, low fault energy, large angle

grain boundary, martensitic transformation

论文题目：变形工艺对含铌钢相变与组织的影响Effect of Deformation Processing on the Transformation and Microstructure of Micro-alloyed Nb-Steel

研究生姓名：宗 云 导师姓名：赵莉萍 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：铌在钢中具有固溶强化、沉淀强化以及形成氮碳化物起细晶强化作用。钢中加入的铌等微合

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金元素通过细化晶粒、改变相变动力学、借助于过饱和状态的脱溶及时效过程，可使钢的强度、韧性、工艺性能和物理化学性能得到良好的匹配，从而能大幅度地调整材料的性能。本文针对Nb微合金钢生产中经常出现的混晶现象，采用热模拟试验与分析现场实际工艺条

件相结合的方法，研究了变形工艺与冷却条件对钢材相变与组织的影响。论文主要内容和结论有：1. 利用 Gleeble-1500 热/力模拟实验机，采用热膨胀法测定了不同铌含量的含铌钢的在不

同冷速下的相变点并进行了金相组织观察。结果发现：冷却速度对相变点和显微组织的影响很大，且在不同的冷却速度区间对相变点和显微组织的影响不同；冷却速度较慢时，得到的显微组织为比较粗大的铁素体和少量珠光体组织；中速冷却的显微组织主要由尖角形、多边形铁素体、贝氏体的混合组织；铌具有延迟相变作用，含铌量及碳当量较高的钢在高冷速下出现了针状铁素体组织。

2. 利用内蒙古科技大学 Φ130 二辊实验轧机，对 Q345C连铸坯进行了不同变形量的一道次大压下变形，研究了高温下不同变形量对奥氏体淬火组织的影响。研究发现：在同样变形温度（1050℃）下，当变形量较小（<40％）时，变形不均匀，再结晶晶粒与未再结晶晶粒共同存在，易于形成相变后的混晶组织。

3. 在Gleeble-1500 热/力模拟机上进行了两道次与五道次的热变形模拟。由实验结果发现：五道次变形比两道次变形更利于获得均匀细小组织。对变形试样进行透射电镜观察发现，在铁素体晶粒边界和晶粒内部以及位错线上有许多较细小的碳氮化物弥散析出，线度约为十几纳米，呈不规则分布或点列状分布。析出物越弥散细小，体积分数越大，位错密度越高。

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段，对取自CSP生产现场的的微合金钢轧卡样变形后的组织进行分析，研究了低碳微合金含铌钢的组织演变规律以及采用 CSP工艺技术生产含铌钢混晶产生的原因及避免方法。

关键词：相变，微观组织，变形工艺，微合金含铌钢，混晶ABSTRACT

Nb element in steel has much important effects such as solution strengthening, precipitate-

strengthening and fine-grain strengthening. Nb-steel has the over-all property of better

strength、toughness、processing property and physicochemical property. So Nb-steel has a wide use.

There are some technical problems such as mixed-grains phenomenon in the Nb-steel product,

which limit the development of new product. Faced with this problem, we adopted the methods of hot

simulation and industry trials to study the effect of deformation process on the transformation and

microstructure .The contents of the present work include the following:

1. The experiments constructed CCT curves of Nb-steel with different Nb content in austenite

without deformation by dilatation method were made at the Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator.

The → transformation behavior of austenite during continuous cooling and the effect of Nb on

transformation and microstructure were studied. According to optical analyses, the cooling rate has

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much influence on the transformation point and microstructure, no matter which steel, the coarser

microstructure of ferrite and pearlite were got under slow cooling condition, the acicular ferrite and

banite were got under middle cooling condition, Nb has the effect of postpone → transformation ,the

pin ferrite and banite were easily got under higher cooling rate condition in the higher Nb content steel.

2. The effects of different strain on microstructure of Nb-steel were investigated by single pass

compression test at the Φ130 trial two-rollers roll. On the basis of experimental results, deformation is

not homogeneous, the recrystallization grains and non-recrystallization grains coexists which formed

the mixed-grains phenomenon when strain is not enough in the same deformation temperature

conditions.

3. Two-pass compression tests and Five-pass compression tests were carried out on the Gleeble-

1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. According to the trial results, we found that the grain size of the

samples after 5-pass deformation is more homogenous and smaller than the ones after 2-pass

deformation. To observe the microstructure by transmission electron microscope, there are some Nb(C,

N) precipitates that precipitated in the ferrites, among the boundaries and on the dislocations. This

precipitates’ diameter is about 10 nm or so, which distributed with the form of point-liner or irregular.

The investigation was carried out on the microstructure evolution of low carbon Nb-steel in CSP.

Using some analysis techniques and methods such as optical microscope, scanning electron microscope,

we found that remarkable grain refinement in Nb-steel and mixed-Grains phenomenon in some product.

The reason of grain refinement and mixed-Grains phenomenon were considered, at the same time, the

suggestion of removes mixed-Grains phenomenon is provided.

Key words： Transformation, Microstructure, Deformation processing, Microalloyed Nb-steel,

Mixed-grains

论文题目：热变形Nd-Fe-B永磁合金组织和织构形成规律研究Study on Microstructure and Magnetic Texture of Hot-

deformed 　 NdFeB Rare Earth Permanent Magnets

研究生姓名：张　鑫 导师姓名：闫俊萍 教授协助导师：李文学 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程

32

摘　要：本文主要对热变形法制造 Nd-Fe-B永磁材料的可行性进行了探索，重点研究了磁体组织与

磁性能的关系和磁体在热压过程中易轴取向形成规律和织构变化，对于提高热变形 Nd-Fe-B永磁材料性能，扩大织构研究领域具有积极意义。本课题的目的是通过热变法制造Nd-Fe-B永磁材料，添补国内热变形Nd-Fe-B 系永磁材料产业的空白。本研究利用真空中频感应炉冶炼了Nd-Fe-

B合金，浇铸成铸锭。利用真空热压炉对Nd-Fe-B铸锭进行不同工艺的热变形及热处理。利用蔡司（ZEISS）金相显微镜和 Quanta400的扫描电镜观察显微组织，结合扫描电镜配备的能谱仪（QUEST L2X－射线能谱仪）进行成分分析。利用（HKL channels）电子背散射衍射系统采用EBSD的方法分析织构的变化。结果表明：Nd-Fe-B合金铸锭中Nd2Fe14B相生长成柱状晶，若干个彼此近似平行排列的柱状晶组成一个柱状晶团。提高铸锭的冷却速度，可以获得良好的铸态组织。热压变形可细化主相晶粒，且随着形变量的增大，主相破碎程度增大，Nd2Fe14B晶粒进一步细化，同时富Nd相沿晶界均匀分布。富Nd相在热压时可呈液相，液态的富Nd晶界相在热变形过程中起润滑作用，有利于主相晶粒的转动和位移。热处理之后边界显微结构得到改善。采用铸造-热压工艺（没有进行固溶处理）磁体的磁性能明显优于热压工艺磁体的磁性能。最佳热压温度 800℃，最佳形变量 ε＝80％。铸态样品具有原始铸造{110}<212>织构，f(g)max=106。在800℃，形变速率为 0.004m/min的热压变形工艺下，得到热压{001}<010>和{105}<010>织构，f(g)max=28。随形变量的增大，{001}织构增强。试样热处理后，{105}<010>织构强度进一步增强，f(g)max=78.758。{001}织构强度也增强，f(g)max=56.346。

关键词：Nd-Fe-B；稀土永磁；热变形；织构ABSTRACT

The paper concentrates on the experiment to investigate the hot-deformation Nd-Fe-B rear earth

permanent magnets, studying the relation between the microstructure and the magnetism ability, the

disciplinarian of magnetic axis tropism in the hot-deformation and researching the transformation of

texture. The purpose of this topic is manufacturing Nd-Fe-B rear earth permanent magnets by the hot-

deformation, to fill this domestic industrialization vacancy. Combining with the analysis of alloy

microstructure, using the EBSD method research the transformation of texture in the hot-deformation.It

has the important meaning of the extension to the field of research texture and improving the magnetism

capability. The alloys were smelted in vacuum intermediate-frequency induction furnace,, then the

samples were taken different approaches to hot deformed heat treatment. Making use of metallography

microscope (ZEISS) and Quanta400 scan electron microscope to observe the metal microstructure,

combine with the SEM Energy Dispersive Spectometer equipment (the QUEST L2 X-ray Energy

Dispersive Spectometer) to carry on the composition analysis. Make use of( the HKL channels) the

Electron Back Scattering Diffraction method analysis the transformation of texture . Results show that

the growth of Nd2Fe14B grains during solidification is in sheet-like pattern and several nearly parallel

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lathes form a group of sheet. Hot-pressing deformation refines the grains and with the increase of

deformation ratio, the Nd2Fe14B grains are further refined and rich-Nd phase is in well-proportioned

distribution along the crystal boundary. Rich-Nd phase during hot-pressing deformation is in liquid state

and it plays a lubricant role in hot-pressing deformation in order to make Nd2Fe14B grains rotate and

move beneficially. Heat treatment improves the crystal boundary microstructure. Adopting casting hot

pressing (did not carry on solid-solubility processing) the magnetic property obvious better than the hot

pressing. The best hot pressing temperature is 800 ℃, the best deformation ratio is 80%. The sample of

casting has the original {110}<212> texture, the f(g) max=106. At 800 ℃,at hot pressing rate of 0.004

ms/ min , get the hot pressing {001}<010> and{105}<010> texture, the f( g) max=28. With the

deformation ratio enganced, the {001} texture to enough and further strengthen. After heat treatment,

the {105} texture intension more strengthen, the f ( g) max=78.758. The {001} texture increased too,

the f (g) max=56.346

Key words: Nd-Fe-B; rear earth permanent magnets; hot-deformation; texture

论文题目：冷轧无取向硅钢的织构及演变的实验研究Research on Texture and Evolution of Cold Rolled Non-

OrientedSilicon Steel by Experiment

研究生姓名：徐向棋 导师姓名：金自力 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：本文主要进行了冷轧无取向硅钢的织构形成及演变规 律的实验研究。即通过对含有

0.0038%的碳和 0.33%硅的硅钢冷轧至 0.5mm厚进行冷轧织构和退火织构的研究。利用金相组织和取向分布函数重点研究了退火工艺中各工艺参数对织构的影响。将

2.75mm厚的热轧样通过不同的冷轧工艺轧至 0.5mm，然后通过测定显微硬度从中选取一组工艺的试样测定极图并计算 ODF，分析冷轧织构的演变规 律。随着变形量的提高，{001}<110>组分增多，{111}<112>强度基本保持不变，{211}<110>位向是其中最强的。对各冷轧试样再进行不同的退火后，对其进行组织观察和晶粒尺寸的测定，发现控制轧制

速度和最后道次的压下率等因素对晶粒尺寸的影响比较大。通过比较和分析选取了十个试样进行34

了{110}、{111}、{100}的极图检测和ODF计算。分析退火织构的的变化规律，结果表明：冷轧变形试样经不同退火工艺退火后，α 线上的取向密度下降，{111}<110>织构消失，而晶粒取向绝大多数聚集在{111}<112>附近。

利用织构分析试样得到的有关 C 系数的信息，模拟了无取向硅钢的磁晶各向异性能和多晶磁化曲线。通过这部分模拟计算，研究了无取向硅钢的织构和磁晶各向异性能之间的关系，模拟计算

的磁晶各向异性能曲线表明，硅钢的磁化难易程度可以用其来分析，在实际应用中，磁晶各向异性能曲线具有一定的实际应用意义。对无取向硅钢的多晶磁化曲线计算模拟表明，随着测量方向和轧向之间的夹角的增大，越来越难磁化，但各个方向上的磁感应强度非常的接近，也正好符合无取向硅钢的各向同性。

关键词：冷轧 无取向硅钢 取向分布函数 织构 磁性ABSTRACT

An investigation has been made on texture to form and evolve in cole-rolled non-oriented silicon

steel. After a non-oriented silicon steel sheet containing C(0.0038%)and Si(0.33%) is cold-rolled to

0.5mm ,and researched on cold-rolled texture and annealed texture.

Effect of annealing technology parameters on texture are stuied by metallography organization and

orientation distribute function analysis. 2.75mm thick of hot-rolled sample is rolled to 0.5mm by

different cold-rolled crafts. One sample is choosed through determine micro-hardness, determined pole

figue and calculated ODF. Cold-rolled texture evolution law is analysed. {001}<110>texture increases

in pace with improvement of the deformed rate. But the intensity of {111}<112>texture keeps

fixedness;{211}<110>is the strongest.

The cold-rolled samples are annaled by the different technology, after that observed organization

and determined crystalline gran of size. Effect of controlling the rolled speed and the rate of press of the

last pass etc. on crystalline grain of size is the largest. Ten samples are selected by comparing and

analysis . {110}、{111}、{100}pole figues are determined by X-ray diffraction apparatus, and ODF is

computed though the Bunge’s method. The annaling texture’s evolution is analysed. The density of

orientation on the αline drops, {111}<110>texture disappears and the crystalline grain

The magntism torque、anisotropism of magnetism and magnetization curve are calculated out by

the samples’ C coefficient files of the non-oriented silicon steel.

Relation between texture and magnetism torque of non-oriented silicon steel is investigated. It is

show that the texture is the main factor deciding magnetism torque of the non-oriented silicon steel. The

anisotropism of magnetism is show that it can analyse magnetization complexity. In practical

application, magnetism anisotropism curve have sure reality use the meaning. The magnetization curve

of non-oriented silicon steel is show that it difficult magnetization along with increasing the angle of

35

between measurement direction and rolling direction. But the intensity of magnetic induction on all

directions is close extraordinarily, just accord with the isotropism of the non-oriented silicon steel.

Key words：cold rolled non-oriented silicon steel orientation distribution function

texture magnetic properties

论文题目：超细稀土抛光材料的研制Study & Preparation of Ultrafine Rare Earth Polishing

Material

研究生姓名：郭瑞华 导师姓名：郝茂荣 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：本论文采用逐渐释放沉淀剂的沉淀法对 CeO2 超细抛光粉的制备工艺进行了研究，实验过程

解决了两方面的问题：其一是 CeO2 超细粉体的制备；其二是 CeO2 超细粉体的表征及性能测试。通过实验，确定了用“氨水＋草酸”作沉淀剂制备氧化铈超细抛光粉的最佳工艺条件：分

散剂用聚乙二醇，反应物浓度为 0.15～0.2mol/L，沉淀剂氨水浓度为 2mol/L、草酸浓度为 100g/L，pH值具体如下：沉淀剂氨水滴到终点为 8～9；沉淀剂草酸滴到终点为 2～3，沉淀温度为 70～80℃，焙烧温度为 650℃ 。研究了 pH值对 Ce(OH)4 水分散体系 Zeta电位的影响，当 pH约为 7时，体系的 Zeta电位为

0，也就是体系的等电点(I.E.P)为 7，当 pH等于 9时，Zeta电位达最大值－35.5mV；同时也测试了 pH对“NH3+C2O4

2-”水分散体系 Zeta电位的影响，当 pH约为 7.0时，Zeta电位为 0，达到等电点（I.E.P），当 pH＝2时，Zeta电位也达到最大值 27.4mV。利用DTA/TG 热分析和XRD对氧化铈样品粉末前驱体的热分解行为进行了研究，粉末前驱体在 160℃左右时开始分解。利用XRD、SEM和 BET等现代物理测试方法对氧化铈超细粉体的物相、分散性、颗粒形貌和比表面积等性能进行了表征，650℃焙烧的粉体呈现出良好的结晶状态，为立方萤石结构，粉体的比表面积在 10m2/g 以上，呈较良好的分散状态。粒度测试表明，不同条件制备的氧化铈超细粉的D50都小于 1μｍ，达到了预期目标。抛蚀量测试表明，当焙烧温度低于 650℃，保温时间低于 3小时，随焙烧温度的升高，抛蚀

量升高；在焙烧温度为 650℃、保温时间为 3小时所制得的超细抛光粉抛蚀量达到最大值；之后，继续提高焙烧温度、延长保温时间，其抛蚀量反而下降。因而可以确定超细稀土抛光粉的最佳焙烧条件：焙烧温度为 650℃，保温时间为 3小时。对不同焙烧温度样品进行了粉体综合测定分析，分析结果表明本实验制备的超细粉体综合

36

特性良好。本论文所制备的超细氧化铈适合作高质量的抛光粉使用。

关键词：超细 CeO2，制备，表征，稀土抛光粉ABSTRACT

In this thesis, precipitation method of gradually release precipitator employed, the process of

cerium dioxide ultrafine polishing powder preparation is studied. In the experiments , particular

emphasis is placed upon two problems: one is to prepare the cerium dixide ultrafine–powder; the other

is to characterize and test the cerium dixide ultrafine-powder .

Judge from the experiments, ployethleneglycol as dispersant, at a reactant concentration of 0.15

～0.2mol/L, precitatant concentration (ammonia )of 2mol/L and precitatant concentration(oxalic acid)

of 100g/L, a solution pH ammonia is end of 8～9 and oxalic acid is end of 2～3, a precipition

temperature of 70～80℃ and a roasting temperature of 650℃ are determined when CeO2 ultrafine

polishing powder is synthesized using the methods of “ammonia and oxalic acid” precipitation .

The Zeta potential of Ce(OH)4 aqueous dispersions at different pH values is measured. The

isoelectric point (IEP) of Ce(OH)4 suspensions is 7.0. The maximum potential value of -35.5mV is

reached at pH=9. At the same time, The Zeta potential of NH3+C2O42-

aqueous dispersions at different

pH values is also measured. The isoelectric point (IEP) of NH3+C2O42-suspensions is 7.0. The

maximum potential value of 27.4 mV is also reached at pH=2.The evolution behavior of the CeO 2

sample powder front－body in the heating process is characterized by DTA/TG and XRD. The results

indicate that powder front－body decompose to CeO2 at a begingging temperature around 160℃ and

forms cubic fluorite structure ceria below 650℃. The phase, particle shapes and specific surface area

of the ceria powders are characterized by XRD, SEM and BET. The results show that ceria powders

calcined at 650℃ have a cubic fluorite structure，a specific surface area of more than 10 m2/g ,and a

better dispersion behaviours.

Granularity test indicates that in spite of CeO2 ultrafine powders are preparared at different

conditions,and all their D50 values are less than 1μｍ, which reaches the expected goal.

Polishing capacity test indicates that polishing capacity increase with the roasting temperature and

roasting time under 650℃ and 3h, and the maximum polishing capacity is also reached at 3h and

650℃.However ,after this , result is contrary. So, a roasting temperature of 650℃ and a roasting

time of 3h are the best roasting conditions.

Samples roasting at different temperature are performed powder general tests, results indicate that

general peculiarity of powder is better

That ultrafine cerium dioxide was prepared in this thesis is appropriate polishing powder of

quality

37

Key words：Ultrafine ceria , preparation , characterization , rare-earth polishing powder

论文题目：Gd 二元合金以及Re2Fe17型化合物磁热效应的研究The Study of Magnetocaloric Effect of Binary Gadolinium Intermetallics and Re2Fe17 Type Rare Earth Compounds

研究生姓名：吴忠旺 导师姓名：徐来自 研究员专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：目前室温磁制冷较好的材料，只有在较大的超导磁场作用下，才能激发产生显著磁热效应，

因此，寻找在永磁体提供的低磁场条件下且具有较大磁热效应的材料已成为室温磁制冷技术开发的研究目标之一。本文对 Gd 二元合金和 Re2Fe17型化合物在永磁体提供的低磁场条件下（1.3 T）的磁热效应

进行了较深入的研究。通过真空高频磁悬浮炉制备了 Gd1-xDyx (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)、Gd1-xZnx (x=0,

0.1, 0.2, 0.3)系列合金以及 Nd2-xCexFe17 (x=0.5, 0.8, 1.0)系列化合物样品，借助 XRD、SEM等技术研究了材料的相结构和微观组织，采用自制的磁热效应直接测量装置测量了磁制冷材料的磁热效应。通过对Gd 二元合金的研究表明：Gd中添加少量 Dy后，形成了完全互溶的固溶体，晶体结

构不发生变化，但其磁热效应明显降低，而且其居里温度随着 Dy含量的增加基本呈线性关系下降；Gd中添加少量 Zn后，出现了新相 GdZn合金，随着 Zn元素含量的变化，Gd1-xZnx(x=0, 0.1,

0.2, 0.3)系列合金的居里温度基本保持在室温附近，但其磁热效应随 Zn元素含量的增加变化较大，当 x ≤0.1时，磁热效应随 Zn元素含量增加几乎不变，当 0.1＜ x ≤0.3时，磁热效应随 Zn

元素含量增加而逐渐降低。对于 Re2Fe17型化合物发生的磁相变大多是二级相变，通过对 Nd2-xCexFe17 (x=0.5, 0.8, 1.0)系

列化合物的研究表明：Nd2-xCexFe17 (x=0.5, 0.8, 1.0)系列化合物均为菱方 Th2Zn17型单相化合物；随着 Ce含量的增加，Nd2-xCexFe17 (x=0.5, 0.8, 1.0)系列化合物的居里温度逐渐降低，导致居里温度降低的主要原因是由于在 Nd2Fe17化合物中用少量的稀土 Ce 代替 Nd时，使得铁离子之间距离减小，从而使铁离子之间的 Fe-Fe直接交换作用减小；同时随着 Ce含量的增加，Nd2-xCexFe17

(x=0.5, 0.8, 1.0)系列化合物的磁热效应也随之降低。38

关键词：磁制冷 磁热效应 直接测量 稀土合金ABSTRACT

The giant MCEs of the currently available magnetic materials was only realiz-ed in high

superconductive magnetic fields. We were therefore searching for new magnetic materials displaying

larger MCEs, which then could be operated in lower fields that could be generated by permanent

magnets. This text carried on researching to magnetocaloric effect of binary gadolinium intermetallics and

Re2Fe17 type rare earth compounds for the magnetic field chang-es of 0 to 1.3 Tesla. Gd1-xDyx (x=0, 0.1,

0.2, 0.3), Gd1-xZnx (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) syste-m alloys and Nd2-xCexFe17 ( x=0.5, 0.8, 1.0 ) system

compounds were prepared in a high frequency floating furnace. The phase structure and microstructure

of these alloys were investigated by XRD, SEM et al. The magnetocaloric effects of these magnetic

refrigerant materials were measured directly by using the self-made mag-netocaloric effects

measurement device.

The experimental results on the binary gadolinium intermetallics showed that Gd1-xDyx (x=0, 0.1,

0.2, 0.3) system alloys had the same crystal structure, but the magnetocaloric properties and Curie

temperature decreased gradually with increase-ng x. We found a small amount of GdZn new phases in

Gd1-xZnx system alloys. The addition of zinc to gadolinium could keep the Curie temperature in room

tem-perature,but led to decrease in the magnetocaloric effects of Gd1-xZnx（0.1＜x ≤0.3）.

The common feature of Re2Fe17 type rare earth compounds was that they un-derwent a second-

order magnetic phase transition. X-ray power diffraction showed that all samples of the Nd2-xCexFe17 (

x=0.5, 0.8, 1.0 ) system compounds remain r-hombus Th2Zn17-type structure. The experimental results

on magnetocaloric effects in Nd2-xCexFe17 (x=0.5, 0.8, 1.0) system compounds showed that the addition

of Ce led to decrease in both the Curie temperature and the largest adiabatic temperat-ure change ΔTad.

Key words：Magnetic refrigeration，Magernetocaoric effect，Direct measurement，Rare earth metal

论文题目：34CrNi3MoV、H13 钢中的混晶及贝氏体研究Study of Mixed Grain and Bainite in 34CrNi3MoV and H13

Steels

研究生姓名：赵勇桃 导师姓名：刘宗昌　教授

39

专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：

34CrNi3MoV 钢是一种中碳合金结构钢，由于其具有良好的综合机械性能，可用其制造坦克炮身管和高压釜等压力容器。但 34CrNi3MoV 钢大锻件在正火和调质处理后容易产生混晶，严重影响材料机械性能。分析混晶的形成原因是制定消除混晶工艺的重要依据。通过对 34CrNi3MoV

钢形成混晶过程诸多因素的深入研究，为 34CrNi3MoV 钢的实际生产奠定理论基础。贝氏体相变是固态材料中主要相变形式之一，其转变机制是材料科学理论的重要组成部分。

鉴于贝氏体转变的复杂性，对贝氏体的形核、长大、转变机制及亚结构的研究是非常必要的。H13 钢是一种国内外广泛应用的热作模具钢，它具有良好的热强性、耐磨性和抗热机械疲

劳性。为了深入研究不同的淬火、回火温度对组织和性能的影响，采用改变淬火回火温度的方法来跟踪淬火回火过程中组织的细微变化。从而了解热处理工艺对其组织性能的影响，制定 H13钢合理的生产工艺。本文采用实验室箱式电炉完成基本的热处理工艺，利用光学显微分析和扫描、透射电子显微

分析方法，研究了各阶段基体和析出相形貌、尺寸、结构等信息，并通过硬度测试把析出颗粒特征与其材料机械特性定量联系起来。在此基础上，就 34CrNi3MoV 钢的混晶形成原因、机理；贝氏体相变的形核、长大、亚结构及H13 钢合理的热处理工艺作了有益的探索。研究结果表明，34CrNi3MoV 钢的混晶是由组织遗传造成的。在调质处理前进行完全退火，

以获得较为平衡的组织，可以隔断组织遗传，从而消除混晶；同时发现，贝氏体是在晶界处形核，向晶内生长，首先形成一个大的贝氏体铁素体基元，随后沿不同方向析出碳化物，导致形成上下贝氏体不同的组织形貌，并且发现在上下贝氏体中都存在孪晶亚结构。此外表明，H13 钢随淬火温度升高硬度先升后降，并且在 1060℃淬火+530℃回火后出现二次硬化现象。以上研究结果，对于 34CrNi3MoV 钢和H13 钢的实际生产具有指导意义。

关键词：34CrNi3MoV，混晶，组织遗传，贝氏体，孪晶，H13 钢ABSTRACT

34CrNi3MoV is a kind of alloy structural steel containing middle carbon,it can be used for body of

tank cannon and pressure vessel and so on because of excellent property.Heavy forging gives often birth

to mixed grain after normalizing or quenching and tempering,it influences greatly material property.By

means of study of numerous complication in heat treatment course,we can acquaint essential mixed

grain rules and provide theory basis for application of 34CrNi3MoV .

Bainite phase is a kind of main solid-state phase,its transformation mechanism has been a part of

material science.So the study is necessary for bainite nucleation 、 growth 、 sub-structure and

transformation mechanism so on.

H13 is used widly for hot work tool steel,it has excellent performance,i.e, hot mechnical fatigue

40

resistance、wear resistance.Through the study for the relationships between the microstructure and the

mechanical properities of H13 steel under different quenching or tempering temperature,we can make

out reasonable heat treatment technics.

The microstructure of matrix and precipitation has been investigated by means of LOM、 SEM and

TEM,its hardness have been characterized by HRC hardness measurement.on the basis,mixed grain

mechanism、 bainite phase of 34CrNi3MoV and reasonable heat treatment technics of H13 were

analyzed.

The results showed that mixed grain of 34CrNi3MoV is produced by structure

inheritance ,complete annealing before quenching and tempering can cut off inheritance and eliminate

mixed grain;At the same time,found that bainite nucleation on the grain boundary and growth towards

grain inward,firstly,a bainite ferrite unit is formed,sequently,carbide is precipitated along different

directions and different type bainite is formed;furthermore,twins were found both upper bainite and low

bainite;In the end,found that H13 steel hardness is increased firstly and decreased subsequently when

quenching temperature arise gradually， secondary hardening after 1060℃ quenching and 530℃ tempering.These results are instructive to application of 34CrNi3MoV and H13 steels.

Key words：34CrNi3MoV, mixed grain, structure inherity, bainite, twins, H13

论文题目：稀土 La对 20 钢净化及合金化作用的实验研究Experiment Study on the Purify and the Alloying of RE-La to 20 Steel

研究生姓名：张　芳 导师姓名：杨吉春 教授专　　　业：材料加工工程摘　要：本文首先对稀土在钢中的作用和研究状况进行了简要评述，并对其性质、在钢中的作用机理，

特别是微合金化作用对钢性能的影响，以及稀土处理钢冶金因素控制等方面进行了较为全面的总结。然后，详细地阐述了在本次实验中试样的制备以及对其进行分析、研究的途径和方法。最后得出结论。本次试验的研究对象是，通过改变稀土的加入量，La-Ca复合处理 20 钢，而得到的具有不

同稀土残留量的试样。本次试验的研究内容是，通过对试样进行分析和研究，来确认稀土 La是否在 20 钢中起到变质夹杂、去除杂质和微合金化作用，其中以研究稀土在钢中的微合金化作用

41

为重点。在对试样进行实验研究的过程中，采用金相观察及扫描电镜分析的方法，研究 La-Ca复合

处理对钢中夹杂物的变质作用。结果表明，RE-Ca复合处理可以充分发挥了稀土的变质夹杂物的特性—能够有效地脱氧，脱硫，减少钢中夹杂物的数量，减小其尺寸，改变钢中硫化物夹杂和Al2O3或铝酸盐夹杂的成份，生成高熔点的使其在轧制过程中不变形的稀土夹杂，改善钢的各向异性，从而消除这些夹杂物对钢材的有害作用。通过分析添加稀土的试样化学成分，可以看出稀土有很强的活性，与钢液中的氧硫作用，

能起到脱硫、脱氧的作用。为了研究稀土的微合金化作用时，首先对稀土的固溶量进行测定，然后通过对试样热处理，

得到不同的组织，并观察其金相试样，比较不同的稀土固溶量对钢的组织和性能的影响。可以看出，稀土有细化晶粒，改变珠光体和铁素体含量，细化马氏体板条束，提高淬透性等作用。另外，采用Gleeble-1500D 热模拟机，研究了在高温拉伸过程中稀土固溶量对动态再结晶的影响。在本试验中，向 20 钢中加入 0.1%稀土 La时，夹杂物的变质、脱硫脱氧以及微合金化的效果

达到最佳，当 RE加入量达到 0.15%时，效果反而下降。通过本次实验还进一步表明，虽然 Ca与 RE一样在钢中具有很强的脱氧、脱硫的能力，但

RE 更能彻底地变性硫化物夹杂。先用钙处理尽量减少钢中的[O]和[S]含量，再加入少量稀土，则是彻底变质钢中夹杂物，提高钢的洁净度的有效办法。很好地应用这种方法，对发展研究开发洁净钢是很有前景的。

关键词：稀土 变质夹杂 微合金化 固溶量ABSTRACT

In the first the effect in the steel and its status of the research on RE have been reviewed simply. At

the same time the character of RE, its action-mechanism and the control when RE is added into steel

have been summarized all-sided in the paper. Then the way to make the simples and the way and the

method to analyze and research these samples have been expatiated in detail. In the end the conclusions

have been educed. In the test the object to be researched—the simples contain different quantity of RE

gained by La-Ca compound treatment with 20 steel Whether or not the RE act as transforming

inclusions, removing impurity and micro-alloying was identified by analyzing and researching the

simples. In the all of the research the micro-alloy effect of RE in steel is the emphases.

During the researching the effect of compound treatment with RE-Ca on transforming lards in steel

was observed by the use of the metallographical examination and SEM. As a result the RE’s character

that it can transform inclusions in the steel has brought into play fully----the element of oxygen and

sulfur have reacted with RE and created a kind of spherical RE-inclusion(RE 2S3 or RE2O2S ).The RE-

inclusions replaced original strip MnS inclusion and Al2O3 inclusion that has many edges and corners.

So the harmful effect of the inclusions were got rid.

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It has been made out that the vitality of RE is very strong and it can react with O and S by the

analyzing of the component of the simples added with RE.

Before the micro-alloying effect of RE has been researched the solid-solubility degrees of RE in

the simples were measured. Then the simples were heat-treated in order to getting the several metallic

organizes. And then the simples were observed and compared in order to learning the effect of the solid-

solubility degrees of RE to the phases and capability of the steel. As a result, it can be seen that RE can

make the crystal lath finer, change the capacity of the pearlite and the ferrite and increase the quench-

penetrate of the steel and so on. In addition, the effect of the solid- solubility degrees to RE in the

dynamic-recrystal process were researched in the process of high-temperature-draught by the use of the

Gleeble-1500D heat-simulate machine.

In the test when 0.1%La was added into 20 steel the effect of the deoxidation, desulfurization and

micro-alloying is the best one. But when the addition of RE is 0.15%, the effect of them would descend.

In this paper it has been made more clear that, though Ca and RE have the similar effects

on deoxidation, desulfurization, but RE is more effective than Ca in the control of the shape of

sulfide. It has been shown that the combination of desulfurization by Ca treatment and followed by

adding small amount of RE is one of effective ways to control inclusions completely in steel and to

improve cleanliness of steel. So there will be a good future to use RE-Ca compound treatment to

develop clean steel.

Key words：Rare Earth, inclusion morphology, micro-alloying, solid-solubility

　　　　　　　　　　　　　钢铁冶金　　　　　　　　　　　　　　论文题目：管道内壁重防腐复合涂料的研究

The Study of Heavily Anticorrosion and Compounding Dope Used

in The Inner Wall of Pipelines

研究生姓名：赵卫东 导师姓名：赵文广　副教授协助导师：安胜利 教 授

张俊卿 教 授专　　　业：钢铁冶金

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摘　要：在石化工业中，油田油气集输管道、自喷井、注水井和地下管道等一些设备的内壁腐蚀情况

非常严重，设备除单纯的腐蚀破坏之外，常伴有设备间的摩擦，液态介质冲刷等机械性破坏作用。在介质的腐蚀作用中，油田污水对设备的损坏最严重。油田污水成分复杂，其不仅被原油污染,而且在高温高压的油层中溶解了地层中的各种盐类和气体，又由于在采油过程中携带了许多油层中的悬浮固体，所以油田污水的矿化度很高。这种介质对管道内壁的腐蚀性强，冲刷磨损能力大，所以金属管道内壁的腐蚀程度远比埋入地下因土壤腐蚀和架在空中因大气腐蚀对管道外壁的腐蚀危害性大。金属管道内壁的防腐蚀任务十分艰巨，最有效的方法便是涂刷性能优异的重防腐复合涂料。而作为填料的陶瓷颗粒多为 SiC、Al2O3等，而以高韧性、高耐磨性的 ZrO2作为填料的报道却很少，因此对以陶瓷颗粒 ZrO2作为填料而形成的重防腐涂层在耐蚀方面是否优于前面两种填料所形成的重防腐复合涂层，还有待于深入研究，通过分析比较，找到一种适合于解决上述问题的性能优良的重防腐复合涂料。因此开展管道内壁重防腐复合涂料的研究，对于增强我国的综合国力具有重要意义，本论文就是在这种背景下开展研究的，开展这方面的研究具有重大的现实意义。本文利用电化学综合测试仪、扫描电镜（SEM）以及自行研制的电化学腐蚀测试装置，采用交流阻抗法（EIS）和极化曲 线法对以环氧树脂作为成膜物质，分别以Al2O3、SiC 、ZrO2作为填料，按照两种比例配制而成的涂料所形成的涂层在质量分数为 3.5％的NaCl溶液中浸泡七天的电化学行为进行电化学腐蚀测试，得到了涂层电阻 Rc、涂层电容 Cc、涂层交换电流密度 i0等参数值，通过各涂层在质量分数为 3.5％的NaCl溶液中浸泡七天所得到的涂层电阻 Rc、涂层电容 Cc、涂层交换电流密度 i0的比较发现以 ZrO2作为填料所形成的涂层的电阻大于分别以Al2O3、SiC作为填料所形成的涂层，以 ZrO2作为填料所形成的涂层的交换电流密度小于分别以Al2O3、SiC作为填料所形成的涂层，因而以 ZrO2作为填料所形成的涂层在绝缘性、抗渗性、耐蚀性等方面皆优于分别以Al2O3、SiC作为填料所形成的涂层，为石化工业的金属管道内壁的防腐，提供了较为可靠的技术保证。

关键词：重防腐；复合涂层；交流阻抗法；极化曲线法ABSTRACT

In petrochemical industry, the inner walls of gathering lines for petroleum and gas, tubes for

flowing wells, tubes for water injection wells and underground pipelines in oil fields corrode seriously.

Besides corrosion, mechanical damages, e.g. friction between equipment and flush of liquid mediums

also often occur. Among corrosion damages, wastewater from oil fields does the most serious damage

to equipment. The ingredients of the wastewater from oil fields are complicated; it is not only

contaminated by crude oil but also dissolves various salts and gases under high temperature and

pressure in petroleum reservoir. Because it carries a lot of suspended solid particles in petroleum

reservoir during oil recovery its degree of mineralisation is very high. The medium terribly corrodes and

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flushes the inner walls, so the corrosion of the inner walls of metallic pipelines is much more harmful

than the soil-caused corrosion of the outer walls of the buried pipelines and the air-caused corrosion of

the aerial pipelines. It is an arduous task to prevent the corrosion of the inner walls of metallic pipelines.

The most effective way is to apply double anti-corrosive and wear-resistant compound coating of

extraordinary features. Most ceramic particles used as fillings are SiC and Al2O3, etc. The reports of

ZrO2 filling, which is of high toughness and wear-resistance, have been few. Therefore, further study

needs to be done to find out if the double anti-corrosive and wear-resistant compound coating filled with

ZrO2 ceramic particles are more anti-corrosive and wear-resistant than the coatings filled with SiC or

Al2O3. Analysis and comparison were made to find a suitable double anti-corrosive and wear-resistant

compound coating that can solve the above-mentioned problems. It is important to enhancing the

overall power of China to do the research on double anti-corrosive and wear-resistant compound

coatings for inner walls of pipelines. That is the background for doing the research. This paper presents

the study as follows: an electrochemical combination tool, a SEM and an electrochemical corrosion-

testing device developed by ourselves being employed, parameters Rc resistance of coatings, Cc

capacitance of coatings and i0 exchange current density were acquired through AC impedance method,

polarization curve method, putting coatings of epoxy resin used as film-forming material independently

filled with SiC, Al2O3 or ZrO2 of 2 different contents into 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution for 7 days

and examining electrochemical corrosion ; those three parameters being compared, it was found the

resistance of the coatings filled with ZrO2 was higher than that of the coatings filled with Al2O3 or SiC,

and the exchange current density of the coatings filled with ZrO2 was lower than that of the coatings

filled with Al2O3 or SiC. The conclusion was drawn that the coating filled with ZrO2 is better than the

coatings filled with Al2O3 or SiC in terms of insurability, impermeability and corrosion resistance. The

coating filled with ZrO2 technically guarantees a pretty reliable anti-corrosion material for the inner

walls of metallic pipelines used in petrochemical industry.

Key words：heavily anti-corrosion, compound coatings, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

polarization curve spectroscopy

论文题目：高效蓄热式燃烧系统的开发与研制Researches and Development of High Efficiency

Regenerative Combustion System

研究生姓名：鲁　俭 导师姓名：陈义胜　教授

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专　　　业：钢铁冶金摘　要：　目前人类使用的能源，特别是不可再生能源比较有限，甚至稀缺。同时由于使用方式不合理，

能源使用在不同程度上损害着地球环境，甚至威胁人类自身生存，许多国家围绕工业炉的节能和降低污染进行了很多理论研究和新技术的开发。高温空气燃烧技术是 90 年代以后发展起来的一种新型燃烧技术，它采用高效蜂窝蓄热体，

最大限度的回收利用烟气中的热量，并将流经蓄热体的空气加热到 800℃以上，进入燃烧室形成高温燃烧。可以使炉膛平均温度升高，具有节能和减少 CO2排放量的特性。

我们在此基础上开发和研制了一套新型蓄热式燃烧系统。主要包括：烧嘴，蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体，空气和烟气换向阀，燃料换向阀及其相应的控制系统，并在小型实验炉上进行了燃烧实验。在不同的换向周期下测定了助燃空气，烟气和炉膛内部温度，分析了换向周期对预热空气温度和废气排放温度，以及炉温波动的影响。并计算了蓄热体的温度效率和余热回收率，取得了一定的效果，同时发现了一些不足之处，可以采取相应的措施加以改进。证明我们所开发的高效蓄热式燃烧系统具有一定的节能和环保效果。

最后，对试验结果和数值模拟结果进行了对比分析，虽然两者结果有一定的偏差，但变化规律是相同的，说明我们所应用的软件可以在今后的工作中给出一定的指导意见。

关键词：蓄热燃烧系统，燃烧技术，换向时间，效率，节能ABSTRACT

Nowadays energy used by man, especially the unreproducible energy Limited, some even rare and

far from enough. Meanwhile because of the improper using methods, energy using in some degree is

damaging the earth environment, even threatening the existence of human himself. Centering the energy

saving and pollution reduction of industrial furnaces, many countries are carrying out a lot of theoretical

research and new technology development.

High temperature air combustion technology is a new type combustion technology developed after

the nineties of the last century .By using the highly-efficient honeycomb ceramic regenerator, it recycles

and uses heat in the flue gas to the largest amount as possible, preheats air which is

flowing through the regenerator to over 800℃,So producing high temperature combustion in the

combustion chamber .It increases the average temperature in the furnace chamber, and has the

advantages of saving energy and reducing CO2 emission.

Basing on these, a new type regenerative combustion system was researched and developed here， mainly consisting of the nozzle, honeycomb ceramic regenerator, air and flue gas reversing valve,

combustion reversing valve, and the control system. And combustion experiments were carried out on a

small pilot kiln .The temperatures of combustion helping air, flue gas and temperatures inside the

46

furnace chamber under different reversing cycle time were measured in the experiments, the influence

of the reversing cycle time on the temperatures of preheated air and dismissing waste gas and

temperature motions inside the furnace was analysed, moreover, temperature efficiency and residual

heat recycling ratio of the regenerator was calculated.certain advantages were

achieved ,meanwhile ,some disadvantages were discovered, and accordingly some improvements may

be given. The energy saving and environment protecting effects of the highly-efficient regenerative

combustion system developed by us were proved.

At last, the results gained by experiments were compared with the ones achieved by numerical

simulation. Although there were deviation between them, the changing law was the same, which is

showing that the software we applied could give us certain directions in the work afterwards.

Key words：regenerative combustion system, combustion technology, switch time, efficiency

energy-saving.

论文题目：高密度低浓化弥散体 U—Mo合金粉体制备的工艺研究 　 Investigation of Powder Manufacture Craft on High Density

Low Enrichment Dispersant Fuel U-Mo Alloy

研究生姓名：徐亚东 导师姓名：李冠兴　院士协助导师：任永岗 研究员专　　　业：钢铁冶金摘　要：为满足新一代反应堆燃料芯体的需要，开发具有良好回收性能和具有更高铀密度的核燃料

元件具有重大的意义。本文详细地分析了有望满足上述要求的铀的各种合金系，最后选定将铀钼合金系作为研究

的对象，并将氢化—脱氢的工艺作为制备满足粒度需要和相需要的铀钼合金粉体的方案。众所周知，处于亚稳态 γ相的铀钼合金弥散型燃料，由于优越的辐照稳定性和抗腐蚀性能而

被作为有研究价值的新一代研究实验堆燃料的备用品。由于加工核燃料元件的需要而要求将铀钼合金制成符合粒度要求和相要求的粉末。理想的将塑性材料制成粉体的方案可通过氢化—脱氢的方案来实现。此方案是利用 ɑ相的铀及其合金可在常压下与氢反应生成UH3:一种脆性的具有较小密度的可显著增加合金脆性的基础上发展而来的。在氢化—脱氢的方案中，一个关键的步骤是控制 γ相铀钼合金部分地沿晶界分解得到可与氢

47

反应的 ɑ相，随后的氢化反应主要发生在晶界上，生成密度较小的UH3。使合金脆化并导致合金的沿晶界断裂。由此反应机理可以根据合金的晶粒度来控制制得的粉体的粒度。钼含量为 7%—8%的铀钼合金通过在不同温度范围内进行热处理，目的是为了得到（α+γ）双相区，之后通过氢化使 ɑ相转化为UH3。由于氢化产物的沿晶界析出而最终导致合金脆裂成粉末。随后通过脱氢和恢复 γ相热处理工艺得到各向同性的 γ相的铀钼合金粉末。各个过程中的实验结果皆通过金相，扫描电镜和X射线衍射进行分析。

关键词：铀钼合金 核燃料 制粉 热处理 氢化—脱氢ABSTRACT

In order to meet needs of the new generation core of nuclear fuel element,it is of great importance

to develop the nuclear fuel element which has good reprocessing property and higher uranium density.

In this article,analysis has made various alloys which are promising to meet the above needs and

decide that u-Mo alloys as research object.hydride-dehydride method as a way of manufacturing

powder.

One of the possible methods to accompolish this is hydride-dehydride process.it is based on the

ability of the u-αphase to transform to UH3: a brittle and relative low-density compound.

In the hydride-dehydride method,a key step is the partial decomposition of the γphase (retained by

quenching) to αphase and an enrichedγphase .this transformation starts mainly at grain

boundaries.subsequent hydrogenation of this material leads to selective hydriding of the

αphase ,embrittlement and intergranular fracture.according to this rule,the particle size of the final

product should be related to the γ grain size of the starting alloy.

U-Mo alloys aroud 7%-8% Mo were heat treated at different temperature ranges in order to

partially convertγ-phase toα-phase .subsequent hydriding transforms this α-phase to UH3 . the volume

change associate to the hydride formation embrittles the material which ends up a powered alloy.

Subsequent dehydride and recover γ-phase heat treatment were made to obtainγ-phase powder. Results

of the optical metallography.scanning electric microscopy, x- ray diffraction during different steps of the

process are shown.

Key words：uranium-molybdenum alloys. Nuclear fuels. Powder manufacture.

Heat treatment hydride-dehydride

论文题目：双辊薄带连铸布流系统优化设计及侧封板热应力研究Optimum Design of Delivery System and Study of Thermal

48

Stress in Side Dam During Twin-roll Strip Casting

研究生姓名：赵顺利 导师姓名：张捷宇 教授专　　　业：钢铁冶金摘　要：双辊薄带连铸作为适应钢铁业低能耗、短流程、高速度、低成本发展要求的一项新技术正在受

到全世界钢铁界的关注，各种生产需要也急需此项技术成熟、完善，以进入工业化生产。此项技术的发展需要应用计算机模拟技术对其整个过程进行模拟，以获得优化的工艺参数来指导实际生产。本文选择双辊薄带连铸过程熔池内钢液的分布情况以及连铸过程中侧封板内部的温度和应力分布情况为研究课题，对双辊薄带连铸过程熔池内的钢液流动情况以及侧封板温度、应力分布进行了深入细致的研究，研究结果对双辊薄带连铸布流系统的制定与优化设计和控制系统建立具有重要的理论意义和使用价值。本文采用有限元法，利用 ANSYS软件对双辊薄带连铸过程中的分配器、布流器、以及整个

熔池内的流体分布情况进行模拟，给出了布流器和整个熔池内钢液的三维流场，给出了不同结构的分配器、布流器对熔池内各点流动的影响。并且利用建立起来的水力学模型用浪高仪测定了不同结构的分配器、布流器情况下熔池内部的液面波动情况。根据模拟结果给出了适宜的出口角度和熔池深度等参数。此模拟结果对双辊薄带连铸工艺的分配器和布流器的设计及优化具有重要的指导意义。对工作一段时间后侧封板内的温度场和应力场进行了模拟，得到不同预热情况下侧封板内部的温度和热应力分布情况。在对结果进行分析的基础上为双辊薄带连铸过程中侧封板的选择和各项技术参数提出参考意见。

关键词：双辊薄带连铸, 分配器, 布流器, 优化设计，侧封板热应力ABSTRACT

Twin-roll strip casting is gaining the attention of world steel producers as one of the

new technologies, because of its suitability for the steel industry-developing tendency to low

energy consumption, short procedure, high speed and low production cost. As it is in great

need, this technology is urgently required to be ripe and perfect so as to be applied to

industrial producing. So, here computer simulation is used to simulate the whole process in

order to provide optimized process parameters for controlling the twin-roll strip casting

process. In this paper the distributions of steel in the molten pool and the temperature and

stress in side dam in the process are studied. The results are theoretically and practically

valuable for setting and optimizing of the producing procedure, and for the establishment of

49

the controlling system of the twin-roll steel strip casting process.

Using the software ANSYS bases on FEM this paper simulates the distributions of steel

in the distributor, delivery device and the whole molten pool in the process is simulated here.

The three-dimensional flow field in the delivery device and the whole molten pool is

received. The effects of different forms of distributor, delivery device on the flow field in the

molten pool is given. And by using the level detector, the level fluctuations in the pool are

measured in different conditions in the water model. Based on the simulating results, the

suitable submerged depth and entry angle is given. All this will be very helpful for the design

and optimization of the distributor and delivery device. Through the simulation of the

temperature and thermal stress in side dam after working for three minutes, the distributions

of temperature and thermal stress in side dam in different preheat temperature are gained.

The results provide proves for the selection of the material and different technical parameters

during the twin-roll strip casting.

Key words：twin-roll strip casting, distributor, delivery device, optimum design，thermal stress in side dam

论文题目：冶金多孔介质散料层分形结构的数学模型研究 　 Mathematics Model Study of Fractal Structure of Porous

Scattered-materials Bed in Metallurgy

研究生姓名：郭卓团 导师姓名：罗果萍　副教授专　　　业：钢铁冶金摘　要：

许多冶金过程均发生于多孔介质散料层中，对复杂而无规则的散料层结构进行定量描述，是实现冶金多孔介质体系中复杂边界条件下反应和传输问题的定量认识的理论基础。本文借鉴于多孔介质散料层的分形结构特征，以典型的冶金多孔介质体系－高炉散料层为

研究对象，根据散料层形成过程中炉料随机直线下落的特点，以及炉料分布呈现较密实的分形结构特点，应用随机雨分形生长模型，建立炉料颗粒聚合的分形生长计算机模型。模拟表明高炉散料层中料球聚合体具有分形生长模型的一般特征，粒子大小不一，分布极不规则，生长各向异性，并具有一定的分叉、树枝，结构呈现明显的分形特征。模拟算得焦炭层模型的孔隙度与孔隙分形维数分别为 0.3821、2.7291。矿石层模型的孔隙度与孔隙分形维数分别为 0.4317、2.6942。为了验证高炉散料层中孔隙结构的分形特点，本文建立了高炉无钟炉顶布料实验模型。模型

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容器按包钢实际高炉装料设备缩小 26倍比例设计，但为了方便计算，忽略了炉身角。为了便于观察容器内部料球的下降情况，容器用有机玻璃制成。实验测得焦炭和矿石模型的孔隙度分别为0.4439和 0.4715，对应的孔隙 Sierpinki分形维数分别为 2.7730及 2.7575。本课题在模型研究的基础上，应用实际散料的流体力学参数：形状因子，内孔隙度对模型

结果进行了修正。计算了实际散料层的分形维数以及分形维数和散料内孔隙度、形状系数之间的关系，表明分形维数随孔隙度的增加而减小。

关键词：散料层，分形维数，内孔隙度，形状系数，多孔介质ABSTRACT

Many metallurgy processes take place among porous scattered-bed, giving quantitative

descriptions on complex and irregular scattered-bed structure .it is the rationale of the quantitative

knowledge about the realization of reaction and transmission under the complex borderline condition in

the metallurgy porous system.

The article uses fractal structure character of porous scattered-bed for reference, have typical

metallurgy porous system –blast furnace scattered–bed as study object, and set up the computer model

of fractal growth of charging grain aggregation through the application of the fractal growth model of

random-rain, according to the character of the charging random beeline falling during the form process

of the scattered-bed and the character of the fractal structure of relative charging-ball body in the blast

furnace scattered-bed has the generic character of the fractal growth model ,for example the particles are

mot the same size ,distribute rather irregularity ,grow differently and have some branches ,taking on the

obvious fractal character in the structure .the porosity of the coke model is 0.3821and the dimension of

the fractal of the porosity is 2.7291,and the ore is 0.4317and 2.6942.

In order to validate the fractal character of the structure of the void among the scattered-bed in the

blast furnace, we set up the experiment model of the no bell roof of the blast furnace, the model

container is designed 26 times smaller than actual charge equipment ignoring the stack-angle for

convenience.

In order to observe the situation of the falling of the charging-balls in the container easily, the

container is made of glass. the porosity of the coke model is 0.4439and the dimension of the fractal of

the porosity is 2.7730,and the ore is 0.4715and 2.7575.

Based on model study, we amend model result by using the fluid mechanics parameter in the actual

scattered-material : such as form factor, internal porosity. and calculate the actual fractal dimension of

the scattered-bed and the relation among the fractal dimension and the internal porosity and form factor

, It is indicated that the fractal dimension reduces when the porosity increases.

Key words ： Scattered-materials bed， Fractal dimension， internal porosity， form factor ,porous

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media

论文题目：非正交曲线坐标系下的温度场和流场的计算 　　The Computation of TemperatureField and Fluid Field Under

Non-orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinate Systems

研究生姓名：李　荣 导师姓名：张 胤 教授专　　　业：钢铁冶金

摘　要：流动与传热现象大量地出现在自然界及整个工程领域，其具体的表现形式多种多样，而这

些现象大多是在不规则的区域中进行的，因此，如何对不规则区域内的流动与传热进行数值计算，是近年来计算传热学中的重要研究课题。大多数学者都采用贴体坐标来处理不规则边界，因此本文也采用贴体坐标来模拟梯形区域的流场和温度场，具体进行了以下工作：

① 首先概述了网格生成技术和各种数值模拟方法的研究进展，详细描述了利用非正交曲线坐标系下代数法的原理及实施方法。

② 采用贴体坐标（ ）技术处理所计算的梯形区域的不规则性，生成了梯形区域物理平面的贴体网格。

③ 对二维不可压缩稳定流动和二维传导传热的问题，利用生成贴体坐标的代数法将物理平面的梯形区域转化到计算平面的矩形区域，并将物理区域中的边界条件向计算区域进行了一一对应转换。

④ 离散了非正交曲线坐标下温度场和流场的控制方程，以直角坐标速度分量为动量方程的主要求解变量，以非正交曲线坐标速度分量为连续性方程的求解变量，对不可压缩 Navier-

Stokes方程进行数值求解。采用交错网格布局，消除出现的压力场的非物理性振荡现象。应用标准 k—ε湍流模型来进行湍流的模拟。

⑤ 在直角坐标系下的 程序的基础上，编制了非正交曲线坐标系下的湍流计算程序，同时应用此程序对任一角度的梯形区域的温度场和流场进行模拟计算。并在同一条件下与直角坐标系所模拟的温度场、流场进行比较，结果显示与直角坐标系下的一般规律及理论吻合甚好，说明了采用非正交曲线坐标方法处理复杂边界的正确性和可行性。

关键词：非正交曲线坐标 温度场 流场 计算

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ABSTRACT

Fluid and heat transfer phenomenan appear here and there in the nature and engineering field. They

take on various forms. moreover, most of them happen in anomalistic fields. Therefore how to compute

the fluid and heat transfer in anomalistic fields become an important research problem of compute heat

transfer. Most researchers use body-fitted coordinate to deal with the anomalistic flied, so this paper also

uses body-fitted coordinate to simulate the temperature field and fluid field of trapeziform region.

Specific work is as follows.

Firstly, numerical grid generation techniques and kinds of numerical methods are reviewed. The

theory and application with the algebra method of building body-fitted grids of the physical domain of

the trapeziform region are described in detail.

Body-fitted coordinate is used to handle of scrambling of trapeziform region, producing the body-

fitted grids of the physical domain of the trapeziform region.

The general governing equations of two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer

are set up, Using the algebra method of building body-fitted coordinate, the trapeziform region from

physical domain is transformed to the computational domain and the boundary conditions are

transformed from physical domain to computational domain accordingly.

A finite difference numerical method is used to disperse the equations of temperature flied and

fluid flied in the non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate, the velocity component of Cartesian coordinate

selected as solving variable of the momentum equation, the velocity component of non-orthogonal

coordinate is selected as solving variable of continum equation. On the base the condition, the

incompressible navier-stokes equation is obtained.

Finally, based on the simple arithmetic of the Cartesian coordinate system.the computing program

of turbulence under non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system is compiled. And this program is used

to simulate and compute the temperature flied and fluid flied of a random angled trapeziform region.

The simulated results were compared with that gained by cartesian coordinate systems in same

conditions. So the validity and feasibility of using nonorthogonal curvilinear curvilinear coordinate

methods to deal with complicated boundaries were illuminated.

Key words：non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate temperature field

fluid field computation

论文题目：蓄热式燃烧系统换热过程的数值研究Numerical Simulation of Heat Exchanging Process in the Regenerative Combustion System

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研究生姓名：罗 圣 导师姓名：贺友多　教授协助导师：陈义胜 教授专　　　业：钢铁冶金摘　要：蓄热式高温空气燃烧技术是 20 世纪 90 年代兴起的集节能、环保等多重优点的高新技术，

是被国际燃烧界公认的燃烧领域的革命。本研究主要基于二维 TEACH程序、传热原理和能量守恒，开发出了一套二维非稳态直通道

的温度场程序。并对此程序进行了改进，运用 Visual Basic 6.0和 Visual Fortran 5.0的混编技术实现了人机对话，在可视界面上进行系统参数、结构参数和热工参数的调整，同时进行数值计算和图形数据分析。应用所开发的计算机模拟软件，对包钢 2#高炉热风炉蓄热室内格子砖与流经格砖的气体之

间的对流换热、辐射换热以及格子砖内部的导热过程进行了数值求解，分析了热风炉的传热过程。把计算结果与现场数据进行对照，验证了程序的可行性。通过分析，得出了不同的操作周期、格子砖高度等参数对热风炉热工性能的影响。并对高炉热风炉操作制度作了简单的研究，提出了“一烧一送”操作制度在理论上的可行性。蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体是高效蓄热式燃烧系统的关键部分，通过它的蓄热和放热实现对高温烟气

的余热回收和对冷空气的预热。可使尾气温度降到 150℃以下，空气预热到 800℃～1000℃,热效率达到 80%。应用开发出的二维非稳态传热程序对蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体进行了热态模拟，以考察它的传热过程和传热性能；并设计了几组模拟实验，观察换向周期、蓄热体高度、蓄热体孔径、蓄热体的恒压热容和导热系数等参数对蜂窝陶瓷蓄热体传热性能的影响；同时得出了合适的结构参数和热工参数。 由于同时还进行了蓄热式燃烧系统的实验研究，将数值模拟的结果和实验数据进行对比分析，尽管在具体数据上存在偏差，两者变化规律基本相同，进一步证明了所开发的程序的正确性和可行性。

关键词：蓄热式燃烧系统；蜂窝陶瓷体；格子砖；传热特性；数值计算法ABSTRACT

Regenerative high temperature air combustion technology is a new high technology springing up

from the nineties of the 20th century. With many advantages such as energy-saving, environment-

protecting and so on, it has been widely recognized as a revolution of combustion science by

international combustion circles.

In this paper, a program calculating the two dimensional unsteady temperature field in a straight

flowing hole was developed, which is mainly based on the 2-D TEACH program, heat transfer theory

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and energy conservation principle. Moreover, improvements were made to the program: realizing man-

machine conversation by using V-Basic 6.0 and V-Fortran 5.0 mixing programming technology, system

parameters, frame parameters and heat engineering parameters being adjusted on a visual interface,

meanwhile doing numerical calculations and analysis of figure and data results.

Using this computer simulating software developed, heat convection and radiation between

checkers in the chamber and gas which is flowing through the checker holes, and heat conduction inside

the checkers in the BF 2# hot blast stove of Baotou Iron and Steel Company were numerically

calculated. The heat transfer process of the hot blast stove was analyzed. The results agree with locale

data, so the validity of the developed program was proved. Through results on different conditions,

influences of the operating cycle and the checkers height on heat engineering performances of the hot

blast stove were analyzed. Moreover, through simple researches into operating schedules of the hot blast

stove, feasibility of the “one-burning one-blowing ”operating schedule in theoretical sense was put

forward.

The key part of the high efficiency regenerative combustion system is the honeycomb ceramic

regenerator. Through its heat storing and heat exchanging behaviors, the residual heat of the high

temperature combustion-produced gas is recycled, the cold combustion-helping air is preheated, with

temperature of the waste gas dropping to below 150℃, cold air preheated to 800℃-1000℃, heat

efficient reaching 80%. The 2-D unsteady heat transfer program developed was applied to the hot state

simulations of the honeycomb ceramic regenerator, whose heat transfer process and heat transfer

performance were studied. Several groups of simulating experiments were designed to investigate the

influences of reversing cycle, height of the regenerator, diameter of the regenerator holes, specific heat

under invariable press (Cp) and heat conduction coefficient of the regenerator on heat performances of

the honeycomb ceramic regenerator. Meanwhile, appropriate frame parameters and heat engineering

parameters were given here. Since actual experiments of the regenerative combustion system were

carried out at the same time, the results achieved from numerical simulation were compared with those

from experiments, although with some windage, the varying laws were basically the same, which

confirmed validity and feasibility of the program developed.

Key words：regenerative combustion system ; honeycomb ceramic ; checker ;

heat transfer performance ; numerical method

　　　　　　　　　　控制理论与控制工程　　　　　　　　　　　　

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论文题目：Linux 下基于 IPSec的VPN的研究与实现Researching and Implementing of VPN Based on IPSec under

Linux

研究生姓名：范振岐 导师姓名：胡文江 教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：随着企业规模的扩大，企业分支机构间如何以最低的费用保障通信的安全性，是企业关注

的问题。按照传统的方式建造自己的专用网，可以保证安全性，但费用昂贵。公众信息网覆盖范围广、费用低，但安全性差。虚拟专用网 VPN（Virtual Private Network）是以公众信息网为基础解决安全与费用矛盾，实现安全传输的重要技术手段。本文主要以 IP 安全协议体系 IPSec为基础，对 VPN这一信息安全技术及实现方案进行了深

入的研究。依次阐述了安全问题的现状、分类和解决方法；VPN技术的定义、分类和协议基础；IPSec协议体系的组成和关键技术；IPSec协议在 Linux上的实现；具体描述了如何利用 IPSec 构造VPN 网关，对其进行了安全及性能的测试。本文的研究工作主要有：

VPN⑴ 技术的研究给出了VPN的定义、功能、优点和关键技术、VPN的分类及其适用的环境；比较了几种常用

的实现 VPN的安全协议的优缺点，确定了把具有诸多优势的 IPSec作为实现 VPN的基础进行重点研究。

IPSec⑵ 协议体系的研究分析了 IPSec的设计目的、作用和组成；研究了 IPSec的两个安全协议—AH和 ESP，包括

每种协议的功能、格式、应用模式及对数据包的处理过程；重点研究了安全联盟（SA）、安全联盟数据库（SAD）和安全策略数据库（SPD）；最后对 Internet 密钥交换（IKE）进行了介绍。

IPSec⑶ 协议的实现在⑵的基础上，利用 Radix树形结构实现 SPD，结合 FreeS/Wan实现了完整的 IPSec协

议 ⑷ 构造和测试VPN 网关在⑶的基础上，详细描述了构造 VPN 网关的方法，包括对 Linux 内核的修改，FreeS/Wan

的安装和配置，最后对该VPN 网关进行了功能和性能测试。

关键词：虚拟专用网、IPSec协议、SPD、FreeS/Wan

ABSTRACT

Along with expansion of enterprise, it is an attention-getting problem that how to safeguard

56

correspondence security with lowest cost among enterprise branches .Although enterprises can build

their private network to reach this destination, it is very expensive. Internet is widespread and low

expense, but it’s security is weak. VPN is an important way of solving conflict of security and charge

based on Internet.

This paper intensively researches the VPN — an information security technique and its

implementing based on IPSec.To begin with,it sets forth the actuality, categories,and solutions on

security problems, and then brings forward the definition, categories and protocol basis of

VPN.Thirdly,it puts forward the construction and key technologies of IPSec and an implementing of

ipsec protocol on linux .At last it describes how to design and construct VPN gateway and test security

performance on it. The research work in this paper is mainly about:

⑴ Research on VPN technique

Indicating the definition, function, merits, key technologies, categories and proper application

environments of VPN; comparing several security protocols that can implement VPN and choosing

IPSec as a basis of implementing VPN to research.

⑵ Research on IPSec architecture

analyzing the goal, function and construction of IPSec design; researching the two security

protocols of IPSec —AH and ESP, including security function, packet format, application mode and

processing of packets; intensivly researching SA, SAD and SPD; at last, briefly introducing Internet

Key Change protocol .

⑶Implementing of IPSec protocol

Based on ⑵， implementing SPD with Radix structure， and implementing complete ipsec

protocol associating with FreeS/Wan.

⑷ Construction and test of VPN

Based on ,⑶ describing the way of constructing VPN gate in detail, including modifying linux

kernel, installation and configuration of FreeS/Wan. Finally, performing the function test on VPN gate.

Key words：virtual Private Network、IPSec protocol、SPD、FreeS/Wan

论文题目：基于DSP的斩波式软起动器 　Soft Starter of Chopper Based on DSP

研究生姓名：袁红霞 导师姓名：郭荣祥 副教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程

57

摘　要：为了减小三相异步电动机起动时产生的大电流，以及因电压的降低和由开关元件带来的其

它负面影响，本文提出一种基于 DSP斩波方式的三相交流异步电动机的软起动新方法 .该论文研究三相交流异步电动机软起动的基本原理和实现方法，其主要思想是通过 DSP（LF2407）产生SPWM脉冲，控制电力电子器件（IGBT）的通与断，调节占空比，使电机起动时定子端的电压按预先设定好的曲线上升，从而降低起动电流，实现异步电动机的软起动。主要工作如下：首先对电机的起动特性、谐波进行研究；对三相交流调压电路，以及基于三相交流调压的三

相异步电动机的软起动方法进行分析，用MATLAB工具箱对不同起动方式进行仿真，比较优缺点。仿真结果证明 PWM斩波式软起动的诸多优点和可行性。仿真结果表明斩波式软起动方法比其他软起动方法有优越性。其次,由于降低电压起动，导致起动转矩大幅减小，可能导致起动不成功，所以借鉴一种提

高起动转矩的方法－离散频率法（即分级变频法），这种方法是由 Antonio Giant 提出的，目前大多数的研究是以晶闸管相控调压方式为主，本文把这种离散频率法引用于 IGBT的斩波调压，这种方法在减小电压的同时，离散的降低频率，对其进行了仿真研究，证实了起动转矩的确有所提高。又考虑到有些电机在运行的大部分时间中处于轻载或空载，这样在软起动器上加上节能控

制更为有效的节能，为此利用一种基于铁损等于铜损的最佳效率控制法实现节能控制，仿真结果证明这种方法是有效的。

最后用 PROTEL画硬件电路图，以及简单介绍软件流程图，重点说明由 DSP 产生 SPWM的方法和基本思路，以及具体的步骤，还简单叙述 DSP的其它相关的组成器件。

关键词：异步电动机，软起动，仿真，斩波，DSP ，PWM，离散频率法，节能ABSTRACT

To reduce high starting current when asynchronous motors start up,and to eliminate the negative

influcence brought about by switching with reducing input voltage. A new soft starting method that is

based on chopper of PWM is presented.the main idea is that the pulses produced by DSP control the on

and off of IGBT,that is to say controlling β,in order to make inputing voltage of stator vary in according

to the curve preestablished. Consequently starting current is reduced and soft starting is realized.

The main task is said as follow ,in the first place ,the character and harmonious wave of three-

phase asynchronous motors is studied. the paper analyses the AC electrocircuit of voltage modulated

and the soft starting method. three-phase asynchronous motors system is analyzed and simulated with

MATLAB 6.0, the simulating results basically accord with analyzed results of the paper.this prove the

method is feasibility. and power factor and the distributing and propotion of harmonic wave is

58

compared between the two starting mode. The compareations show the new starting mode of voltage

chopper is more excellent and feasible.

In the second place ,because of the reducing of voltage,the starting torque is falling greatly,which

result in no starting.The paper present a new discrete frequency mothod that can improve starting torque

, it is presented by Antonio Giant,at present,this method is used largely in the electrocircuit of voltage

modulated by SCR,But the paper it is used in the circuit of voltage modulated by IGBT. declines not

only the electric voltage,but also makes the frequency lower at the same time.in the paper the theory of

discrete frequency method is analyzed and simulated.

A lot of motor drug light or no load in long time, a saving power method of optimal efficiency

control of asynchronous motor. this method can directly detect the motor iron and copper losses and

regulate the input voltage of motor stator.also the simulating tests are made using simulink tools of

MATLAB,whose results indicate that the control method can be direct,simple and able to abtain better

emerging saving results.

Lastly a hardware and software design based on DSP is presented. The important ideas is that

PWM pulses produced by the pwm port of DSP’s EVA(B) control on or off of the electric power and

electron apparatus :IGBT.and introduce other correlative parts of an apparatus of DSP.

Key words ：asynchronous motor, soft startor, simulink, chopper,PWM,DSP, discrete

fenquency control, saving power.

论文题目：智能建筑中空调系统的控制与研究 　　　 Control and Research of Air Conditioning System in Intelligent

Building

研究生姓名：陈艳平 导师姓名：安世奇 教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：智能建筑近年来在我国发展迅猛，已成为我国城市耗能大户之一。而空调系统不仅是智能建

筑的极重要组成部分，而且是智能建筑中耗能最大的系统，所以研究其自动控制，使其以最佳的能量效率运行，同时满足人的舒适性要求，具有重要意义。智能建筑的定风量式空调系统由于控制简单且效果好，所以在我国广泛应用。本文通过上海

中煌大厦智能楼宇空调自控实现的工程实践，实现了用定风量式空调系统对空调室温度的控制，其中涉及的控制算法为常规的 PID算法。从节能的角度考虑，系统的整体运行控制采用了一种改

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进的连续运行控制方式，即：系统可据空调室实际负荷的大小来决定冷机的投运台数，这使得系统不仅具有一定的节能效果，且灵活性较大。

变风量式空调系统在节能、灵活性等方面远优于其它空调系统，所以在国外已成为主要发展趋势。但因其控制上的复杂性，所以在我国应用还较少。本文以变风量式空调系统中的温度和空气清新度为主要控制和研究对象，进行了理论上的研究和探讨。对于温度的控制，针对其大惯性、大时延、非线性和不确定性等特点，采用了串级控制方式，并在主回路中应用了模糊-PID算法，实现了系统在运行过程中，根据系统的动态特性和行为，利用模糊调节方法对 PID参数进行在线调整。空气清新度的控制在变风量式空调系统中尤显重要，本文采用模糊加积分控制算法，通过控制室内二氧化碳浓度来控制入室新风量，从而使空气的清新度指标满足要求。最后，通过建立相关数学模型，在Matlab6.5 平台下的 Simulink环境中进行了温度和空气清新度控制的仿真分析和比较，验证了本文所设计的控制方法比目前常用的其它控制方法具有明显的优越性，在达到良好控制效果的同时也获得了满意的节能效果。

关键词：智能建筑　　定风量空调系统　　变风量空调系统　　模糊控制　　PID 控制

ABSTRACT

At present, Intelligent Building (IB) has been developed rapidly and it has become one of the

leading elements in the energy consumption of the city in our country. Furthermore, the air conditioning

system is not only the most important part of IB, but also the biggest energy consumer in IB, so it is

necessary to research its’ control method to get the optimum energy efficient, and to satisfy the desire of

hominine comfort at the same time.

Constant Air Volume (CAV) air conditioning system of IB is widely used in our country for its

simple control manner and sound effect. The control about the temperature of CAV air conditioning

system has been achieved in the project practice of Shanghai Zhonghuang Mansion, in which a new

kind of improved continuous-operation-control-mode by means of PID control algorithm is adopted in

order to meet the needs of saving energy efficiently. That is to say, the system is capable of deciding the

number of running freezer according to the actual load of the air-conditioning room in the system’s

running process. By this way, the system possesses both better energy-saving ability and greater system

flexibility.

Variable Air Volume (VAV) air conditioning system is superior to other air condition system for its

economical and flexible performance, so it has become the main developing tendency in the world. But

because of its’ complicated control, it is still less applied in our country in recent years. The main

objects of control are the temperature and the indoor air’s freshness of VAV air conditioning system in

the dissertation. Aimed at them, theoretical research and study is carried out. As to the temperature,

regarding the character of large inertial、 grand-lag、 non-linear and uncertainties, cascade control

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strategy, in which an advanced control algorithm based on fuzzy self-setting PID parameters is

introduced in the main controller, is presented. According to the dynamic characteristic and behavior of

the system, on-line adjustment is fulfilled during the system’s running process. Since it’s important to

give the control about the freshness of indoor air in VAV system, a sort of reasonable control scheme

adopting fuzzy-integral arithmetic is designed. By controlling the value constant of the indoor

concentration, the outdoor air volume entering the house is under control and the requirement of indoor

air’s freshness is met at the same time. At last, through establishing the equivalent mathematical model,

the simulation is carried out under the environment of Matlab6.5. The results of simulation validate that

the control methods stated in the dissertation have obvious advantages over the conventional method. It

gets both good control effect and satisfying energy saving effect.

Key words：Intelligent Building， CAV Air Conditioning System，VAV Air Conditioning System， Fuzzy Control， PID Control

论文题目：基于单片机控制的能量回馈控制系统的研究 　 The Study of a General Inverter Energy Feedback Control System

研究生姓名：高靖芳 导师姓名：贾　华 副教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：随着调速系统的不断发展，通用变频器在生产实践中有广泛的应用。但是通用变频器的整流

部分是不可逆的，这就决定了它在调速系统中的局限性。当电机在处于再生制动状态时，电机的再生能量传到通用变频器的直流侧滤波电容上，产生泵升电压。常用外接制动电阻和制动单元吸收能量，这种方法不仅浪费了能源有时也产生副作用，为了解决这一问题，本文提出了将能量回馈到电网中去的可行实施方案。本文通过电机运行特性相量图分析泵升电压产生机理。查阅了大量关于能量回馈单元的文献，

对于一种基于 PID 控制和无差拍控制的电压和电流双闭环的控制系统进行了仿真，并对这种方法优缺点总结分析。对目前国内外的研究现状进行综合分析的基础上提出了采用 PI 调节和SPWM 调制方式相结合的控制方法，设计了能量回馈单元的主电路实施方案以及单片机控制系统。本文所设计的单片机控制系统采用了 AT89C52为主控芯片，控制新型 SPWM脉宽调制芯片

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产生驱动控制信号，并设置了监控功能。由软件实现各种功能，包括能量回馈的基本控制功能，电压滞环控制功能，以及实现对直流侧电压、回馈电流实时检测和显示，系统检测到故障及时关断 IPM，显示故障信号的辅助功能。硬件调试结果表明波形是满足控制所需要的波形。并通过对 SPWM 波形控制调节电压的大

小。通过仿真定性分析选择合适的电抗器，以及其他参数的选择。通过对主要开关元件 IPM智能功率开关的选型，都为下一步的研究打下了基础。

关键词：变频器 能量回馈 单片机 SPWM 控制技术ABSTRACT

With the development of the variable speed system, general inverter have a wide applications in

practice .But the part of convert is not reversible, this decide the limit in variable speed system..

When motor run during the regenerative barking, the energy is fed back from the motor to the

filtering capacitance in the DC side of general inverter, generates pump voltage. Usually by braking

resistance and braking unit consume the energy, this is not only waste energy, but also build side effect.

For these problems, people give an idea of feeding energy to power.

In this paper, it analyses the principle of producing of pump voltage. After consulting a lot of

document about energy fed unit, a control system with voltage and current double closed loop based

PID control and deadbeat control is simulated, and analyses the method of control. Based current study

situation ,this paper put forward to combine PI adjust and SPWM modulation， designed the main

circuits of feedback system and single chip control system.

The system is designed to adopt AT89C52 as the main control chip of the single chip control

system, control new type SPWM 3-Phase Pulse Width Modulation Engine to provide driver signal, and

detect fault. The software realizes various kinds of functions,including the basic fuction of the energy-

feedback device,the fuction of hysteresis voltage control,and the assistant fuction such as protection and

communication.It detect the DC side voltage and display, the system detect the fault and shut off IPM,

displaying the fault signal.

The result of experiment proves the correct wave form, the voltage is adjusted by control SPWM

wave. The correct reactor and other parameter are selected by simulation. The system adopts intelligent

power module as the main power device. These studies needed to further prove.

Key words: Variable-frequency and Adjustable-speed；Power Feed-back；Single Chip；SPWM Control Technology

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论文题目：自适应逆控制理论在异步电动机变频调速系统中的应用及仿真研究Simulation Study of AC Variable-frequency Velocity Modulation System of Asymchronous Machine With Adaptive Inverse Control

研究生姓名：李子剑 导师姓名：张遇杰 教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：本文首先分析了交流调速技术的发展的概况与趋势及自适应逆控制理论的历史和现状。建立

了多变量，非线性的异步电动机的数学模型和坐标变换公式。进而分析了异步电动机等效电路变换。在此基础上利用MATLAB、SIMULINK对异步电动机和异步电动机矢量控制系统进行了仿真研究。作为另一个重要的部分，本文对自适应逆控制理论进行了深入的研究，分析了自适应逆控

制的特点和鲁棒机理,分析了非线性自适应逆控制的可行性和存在性 ,对于自适应逆控制理论中相当重要的正、逆建模理论进行了深入细致的研究。在以上所有工作的基础上尝试将自适应逆控制应用到矢量控制系统中，构建了自适应逆控

制实现的异步电机变频调速系统。考虑到所研究系统的非线性很强，因此本文对系统进行了解耦，即将系统解耦成为速度环和磁链环，利用神经网络理论对这两个环的正、逆建模并进行了仿真研究。

关键词：变频调速 自适应逆控制 矢量控制 神经网络 建模

ABSTRACT

This paper firstly analyzes the general situation and direction of AC Variable-frequency velocity

modulation system ,and the history and present of Adaptive Inverse Control. Secondly,the paper

establish the mathematical model and the formula of coordinates transfo-rmation of asymchronous

machine which is multiple variable and non-linear,and analyzes equivalent circuit

transformation.Finally,the paper made the simulation study of asymchronous machine and Vecter

Control System of asymchronous machine with MATLAB、SIMULINK.

As another important portion,the paper make a deeply research of the theory of Adaptive Inverse

Control.It includes the analyzing of the characteristic、 the feasibility and the existence of Adaptive

Inverse Control,especially the important molding theory in the theory of Adaptive Inverse Control.

This paper attemps the application of Adaptive Inverse Control in Vector Control System based all

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above working,and constitutes AC Variable-frequency velocity modulation system of asymchronous

machine with Adaptive Inverse Control.The author decouples this system into two loops which are

velocity loop and flux linkage loop,considing the strong non-linear in the system which is researched in

this paper,and make simulation research of positive and inverse molding in the two loops respectly

using Neural Network theory.

Key words：Variable-frequency velocity modulation Adaptive Inverse Control

Vector Control System Neural Network molding

论文题目：基于对比度的医学图像融合方法研究 　 Research of Contrast-Based Medical Multiresolution Image Fusion

研究生姓名：张宝华 导师姓名：吕晓琪 教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程

摘　要：医学图像融合是医学图像处理的一个重要分支,是一个综合多种学科成果与先进技术的综合

性、实用性学科领域。它利用多种成像模式的医学图像，提取其中的有用信息结合在一幅新的图像上表达来自人体多方面的信息。通常我们所说的医学图像融合是指两幅不同模态医学图像的融合。

图像融合技术包括以下几方面主要内容：图像预处理、建立图像融合规则、图像融合及对融合图像进行质量评价。图像预处理包括图像去噪、图像边缘加强以及图像配准几个步骤；图像融合是对至少两幅源图像，在空域或频域根据一定的规则加以组合，创建一个全新的包含丰富信息的图像；对融合图像的质量进行评价衡量融合算法的性能。医学图像就其视觉效果而言，对比度较低，噪声干扰大，灰度分布不均，基于对比度的医

学图像融合，首先利用图像噪声点的属性，将边缘跟踪算子作用于小波分解后的源图像，分离混杂于细节中的噪声点，将其过滤，提高了算法的抗干扰性。对分解后的小波系数，建立基于对比度的融合规则，选择利于人眼分辨的高对比度融合系数组成新图像。

本文以 Visible Human数据集中的头部 CT和MRI 图像为实验图像，在对多种多分辨图像融合算法总结和比较的基础上，提出了用 BP 神经网络算法改进的基于对比度的图像融合算法，新算法克服了视觉效果上的不足，融合图像的信息量有很大提升。

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在理论研究的基础上，实现了 Visual C++6.0 下具有良好交互性的图像融合处理平台，图像的显示和处理采用了面向对象的编程方法，具有一定的实用价值。

关键词：医学图像融合；对比度；小波变换；BP 神经网络ABSTRACT

Medical image fusion is an important part of medical image processing, it is an all-around and

practical fields integrate production of many subjects and advanced technique. It makes use of several

imaging patterns of medical images, pick-up useful information to produce a new image includes

information all around the body. Usually image fusion is depend on two pattern medical images, pick-up

their useful information to produce a new image with a lot of information.

Medical image fusion includes: image pretreatment, constitute of fusion rules, image fusion and

quality estimate of new fusion image.On the basis of the comprehension and comparison of image

fusion methods, this paper makes some theoretical and practical contributions to image processing,

feature extraction, wavelet transform, image fusion. The contrast-based image fusion methods have

been emphasized in the article.

Medical image isn’t fit to observe details for its poor contrast、noise disturb seriesly and graylevel

distributing is not equality.Contrast-based multiresolution image fusion set out from weaken the noise of

2-D medical image, using track-operator to seprate noise coefficients from detail coefficients and filtrate

these noise coefficients. Fusion rules are based on contrast information, select high-contrast coefficients

to build new image.

Experimental image use head CT and MRI image from Visible Human data ， image fusion

algorithm integrate BP algorithm of ANN to realize the new algorithm. The method is the same with

multi-modality image fusion, how to find the parameter is straight and fast, account precision is very

high.

On the basis of the theoretical study, an integrated visualization system for image processing,

image fusion and display have been designed and developed on Visual C++ 6.0 platform. It is applicable

in some aspects.

Key words: Image fusion; Contrast; Wavelet transform; BP neural network

论文题目：基于代理服务器的过渡机制的研究与实现 　The Study and Implementation of Transition Based on Proxy Server

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研究生姓名：孙丽艳 导师姓名：靳 荣 副教授专 业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：近年来， Internet 在全球范围内取得了巨大的发展，这些都是对 IPv4 协议（ IPv4

protocol）初始设计的肯定。实践证明，IPv4是健壮的，易于实现的，并具有很好的互操作性。但是随着 Internet成指数倍增长，连入 Internet的网络设备和应用程序的数目日益增加，出现了迫在眉睫的 IP地址耗尽，路由表膨胀等问题。为了解决上述问题，IETF（Internet 工程任务组）提出了新一代网际互联协议——IPv6协

议（IPv6 protocol）。在现有阶段，如何实现由 IPv4向 IPv6过渡以及由此而产生的过渡机制成为了一个研究热点。本文主要论述以过渡机制中的双协议栈为基础，借鉴传统 IPv4中的代理服务器机制，并将

二者相结合，力图实现以 Firefox作为浏览器，利用双协议栈的代理服务器访问基于 IPv6的网页。课题以 Java语言作为开发工具，Windows操作系统作为平台，模拟了实验环境，对程序进行了测试，并给出了测试结果。

关键词：IPv6 过渡机制 双协议栈 代理服务器 Java

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the Internet has attached great development in global world, all of these are the

affirmations to the IPv4’s early design. It has been proved in the practice that IPv4 is robust, easy to

realize and has good operability. But along with the Internet went up in index number, and the

equipments and applications that connect into the Internet network increasingly increase, it appeared

some urgent problems such as IP address exhaustion and the routing table inflate, etc.

In order to resolve these problems, IETF has put forward the new generation network protocol-

IPv6 protocol. In the current stage, how to realize IPv4 transition to IPv6 and the transition mechanisms

have become the hot point of the research.

This dissertation primarily discusses the transition mechanism of dual-stack and the traditional

IPv4 proxy. Based on them, I built a new proxy that combines the two both. Besides of these, I use

Firefox as web browser. All of these are try to visit web pages that are based on IPv6 protocols. The

dissertation simulates the experimental environment, which use Java as tool, Windows operation system

as platform. At last, I debug the programs and give the testing results.

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Key words: IPv6, transition mechanism, dual-stack, Proxy Server , Java

论文题目：一种新型自适应模糊控制器在温度控制中的应用 　The Application of A New Self-Acceptive Fuzzy Controller

in The Control of Temperature

研究生姓名：窦震海 导师姓名：胡文江　教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：模糊控制系统的核心在于模糊控制器，模糊控制器的性能对系统性能的影响很大，而模糊

控制器的性能又取决于控制规则的制定，早期的控制规则是确定的，随着智能控制的进一步发展，逐步产生了自适应模糊控制和采用含规则因子的基于解析式运算的模糊控制方法，对于控制要求不高，控制器组成比较简单的系统，目前大都采用含规则因子的解析式模糊控制算法，为了更进一步增强系统的适应性，人们又根据输出误差的大小来分阶段修改规则因子。

然而，这种控制方法虽然使系统的适应性有所增强，但是其鲁棒性仍然差强人意，笔者经过对模糊控制系统的深入研究和学习，在前人经验的基础上，发现这种控制方法的一个缺憾之处在于调整规则因子的时候忽略了一个重要信息——误差变化率 对系统的影响，当误差 很小的时候，规则因子 相应也采用较小值了，于是 的权重减弱，误差变化率的比例增强，但如果这时误差变化率也很小的话，其输出的控制量就很小，使系统调节能力减弱，调节时间加长，大大影响了系统的鲁棒性。本文使规则因子 与误差 成线性关系变化的同时，又根据系统运行的不同时段，使本时段

的线性斜率 与上一时段 的最大值成正比，随着系统趋于稳定， 逐渐减小， 曲线斜率也随之减小，于是 较小时候其权重也较小，提高了 的权重，使输出控制量侧重于 ，从而使系统接近稳态的时候，仍能保持较大的调节能力，大大缩短了调节时间，使系统的鲁棒性也大大增强。笔者对一个复杂系统——油田原油加热炉的自动化改造，进行了该模糊控制方法的实践研

究。油田加热炉属于大时滞、大惯性、非线性系统，采用常规控制方法很难达到满意的控制效果。本文采用上述模糊控制方法，基于普通 PLC模块编程，经过现场试运行，效果很好。

关键词：模糊控制 自适应 加热炉ABSTRACT

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Fuzzy controller is the core of the Fuzzy control system. The system capability is greatly affected

by Fuzzy controller capability. But the control ruler decides Fuzzy controller capability. In the early

time the Fuzzy controller is certain. With the development of the intelligent control, Self-adaptive Fuzzy

control and Analytic calculation Fuzzy control method with the ruler gene were gradually brought. At

the present time the simple systems, which the control quality is lower commonly, adopt the Analytic

calculation Fuzzy control method with the ruler gene. In order to strengthen the adaptability of the

system, according to the output error the people amend the ruler gene at the different phases.

The system adaptability is strengthened by the above control method; however its robustness isn’t

good. By deeply studying the Fuzzy control and absorbing the predecessor experience, when the ruler gene adjusted the writer found a shortcoming, which the change ratio of error ’s influence to the

system was neglected. When the error is very small, the ruler gene is also used very small value. Thus

the weight of is reduced and the is strengthened. But if is very small at this time, the output

is also very small. Then the regulation capability of the system is weakened and the regulation time of

the system is prolonged .The system robustness is accordingly affected.The above method is improved in this paper. When is direct ratio to , at the different phases the

linearity slope of this phase is direct ratio to the ’s max of the last phase. With the stabilization of

the system, is reduced and the slope of the curve is also reduced. When is very small and

its weight is also weakened, the weight of is increased. Thus the control quantum of the output is

emphasized particularly on . Therefore at the time of system stabilization, it regulation capability is

stronger and the regulation time of the system is shortened. The system robustness is accordingly

improved.

This Fuzzy control method is practiced by the writer in the complicated system—Heating Furnace

of Crude Oil automatization alteration. Heating Furnace of Crude Oil is a large dead time, large inertia

and nonlinear system, which is very difficultly reach the satisfactory effect. The above Fuzzy control

method is used in the practice, and programming is based on ordinary PLC module. The system effect is

very good.

Key words：Fuzzy control, Self-adaptive, Heating Furnace

论文题目：面向对象XML数据库查询系统的设计与实现 　The Design And Implementation Of Query System in Object 　 Oriented XML Database

研究生姓名：张　军

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导师姓名：谭跃生 教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：

Internet已成为全球信息传递和共享最重要的资源。XML凭借其自身的优势正成为 Internet上数据描述和交换的标准，其迅猛发展使得对XML数据的管理需求进一步地增强。XML是典型的半结构化数据，其数据模型的表达能力要比关系模型和面向对象模型更强，采用传统的数据库来管理XML数据则显得力不从心，因此XML数据库研究成为了一个新的热点。众所周知，面向对象的方法具有很强的建模能力，本课题主要探讨的是一种将面向对象的

概念引入到 XML数据库中来提高 XML语言建模能力的方法，以此使面向对象方法在建模方面的优势能够和XML结合得以充分发挥，进而提高对XML数据的管理能力。由于查询系统是数据库中的关键部分，因此本课题选择该部分进行研究，设计与实现了面向对象 XML数据库中的查询系统。首先分析了本系统实现的理论基础，这包括查询系统所涉及的数据模型、查询语言、存储结构、查询代数等；其次结合本系统独有的面向对象的特征研究了查询实现的过程，实现了查询系统理论上涉及到的上述四点。面向对象 XML的数据模型类似复合对象数据模型，该模型支持元素层次，多重继承和多态等特性。本系统在对XML文档存储上采用了两种存储模型，并在这两种存储模型上分别设计与实现了本系统所使用的查询语言——扩展 XML-RL 查询语言的查询代数，使得本系统可以完成查询多态元素，多态引用，独占元素和独占引用等方面的查询。通过测试表明按照本文的设计方法可以实现查询多态元素、多态引用、独占元素、独占引用等

具有面向对象特征的查询功能。与此同时可以实现现存 XML 查询语言所具有的选择、排序、聚集等典型功能。最后对两种存储模型进行了性能的分析与比较，研究结果表明对不同的查询两种存储模型各具优势。

关键词：面向对象XML；扩展 XML-RL 查询语言；存储模型；扩展 XML-RL 查询代数ABSTRACT

Internet has been a most important resource for information transferring and sharing in the world.

The advantage of XML makes XML become the standard of describing and exchanging the data. With

the fast development of XML the need of managing XML data is stronger. XML is a typical semi-

structured data and the expression ability of its data model is stronger than relation model and object-

oriented model, so using the conventional database to manage the XML data is above its bend. The

research of XML database is going to be a new hotspot.

As we know object-oriented methods have strong modeling ability, we research how to introduce

the object-oriented notion into XML database to improve the modeling ability of XML. That make the

advantage of object-oriented modeling can integrate XML to improve XML management capability.

Query system is a pivotal part in database so we put the emphases on it. We design and implement the

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query system of object-oriented XML database. Firstly we analyse the theory of the system

implementation that include data model、querying language、storage model、querying algebra and

otherwise. Secondly we research the implementation process of the system that has the object-oriented

characters. That including four aspects of implementation theory is mentioned above. The object-

oriented XML data model is similar to complex data model and can support the element hierarchy,

multiple inheritance, polymorphism and so on. The system is designed to have two kinds of storage

model to store XML document and two kinds of query algebras of the extending XML-RL respective

basing on the two kinds of storage model. The implementation make the system can query

polymorphism, polymorphous reference, exclusion and exclusive reference etc.

Testing on the system validate the correctness of design method that is mentioned in the thesis.

Using the design method the system can query polymorphism, polymorphous reference, exclusion and

exclusive reference, and otherwise object-oriented query. At the same time the system can implement

some functions of the other existent XML query language, for example selection, compositor,

congregating and so on. In the end of the thesis we compare and analyse the performance of the two

storage models. The results show that the two storage models have their own advantage on different

query.

Key words：Object Oriented XML、Extending XML-RL Query Language、Storage Model、Extending

XML-RL Query Algebra

论文题目：面向对象XML数据库存储系统的设计与实现 Design and Implementation of Storage on Object-Oriented XML Data

研究生姓名：周　健 导师姓名：谭跃生 教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：随着 World Wide Web的计算机网络的广泛使用, 在不同系统之间进行数据交互的研究已经成

为当前热点，随着 XML技术出现又带来了一些关于 XML 存储的新问题，如 XML文档转换，XML文档整合等。特别值得一提是： XML数据的一个基本需求是提供一种更加容易理解，更加容易使用，且具有新颖的查询功能的数据查询语言以推动 XML的使用，支持这些相关技术有：数据查询模式、XML 查询代数、XML 查询使用案例，这些都为W3C XML的查询语言指定了清晰的目标、需求和使用方式。

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W3C工作组织在为 XML 查询语言上制定了一些有益的目标，为了更加有效的从 XML文档中筛选数据。Xquery是现在可扩展标示语言指定协会制定的最新版本。对于它的讨论，仍然继续中，关于它和其他一些 XML 查询语言的一些优点，在新的语言中被采纳。如在一个处理XML文档的查询系统中，具有这样几个特点：返回的信息根据使用者要求的格式，自动的构造成 XML

文档结构；更好的数据模型使得查询更加有效率；简单的语法规则，使得逻辑语言的使用更容易；基于这些要求使得提出新的数据模型 XML-RL及其数据查询语言 XML-RL。在文章中，回顾了其他一些 XML数据查询语言，并分析他们的优点和缺点，对将要实现的 XML-RL数据查询语言提出了一些要求，并对它的实现提出构思，同时也是针对 XML数据查询语言实践的探索。由于此系统是由一个工作组在完成，因此本文中只叙述模式处理和存储处理部分。由于面向对象的XML 存储需要扩展后具有面向对象特性的 XML 模式的支持，这种支持就是提取出元素和元素、元素和属性之间的继承和多态关系，而现有工具不支持扩展后的 XML模式解析，也就是不能形成格式良好的数据结构，因此如何选择模式语言，如何扩展语法语义、如何构造有效的数据结构、如何选取解析方式成为首先关注的问题，同时构造新的存储模式及构造合适的算法，在满足查询需要的同时提高时空效率，成为研究的重点。

关键字：数据模型，XML，XML-RL，解析器，XML模式ABSTRACT

With the constantly increasing use of the World Wide Web, the problem of ensuring

interoperability between different systems aroused more interests. With the popularity of Extensible

Markup Language come addition problems of XML storage, XML document transformation,

integration of XML documents, etc. In particular, a fundamental need is to provide an easy-

understanding, easy-use, and powerful query language for the purpose of propelling advanced use of

XML. Supporting specifications released include: the XML Query Data Model; the XML Query

Algebra; the XML Query Use Cases, which articulates goals, requirements, and usage scenarios for the

W3C XML Query languages.

W3C workshop on query languages for XML produced a number of interesting proposals for

extracting information more efficiently from XML documents. Among them, XQuery is an

implementation of the latest version of the World Wide Web Consortium’s XML Query Working Draft.

To this point, discussions are still going on. This thesis proposes the XML query system architecture for

processing the XML documents, automatically retrieving information, constructing the result as new

XML documents for the user. Based on a novel declarative XML Query Language – XML-RL, it

discusses the design and implementation of the query system as well as comparison with other related

languages. Because the Extended Schema supports the object-oriented XML data, we need to acquire

the information about inheritance among elements and attributes. But the existing tools don’t support

the parser of Extended Schema, such as Extended DTD, in other words, Extended Schema don’t change

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the approved data structure after parser. So how to select the ideal XML Schema, how to extend the

syntax and semanteme, how to select the satisfied way of parser , that the paper attention to deal with.

At last constructing the new storage model and the suitably arithmetic not only meets the need of query,

but also improve the efficiency of Asymptotic Time Complexity and Space Complexity.

Key words：Data Model，XML，XML-RL，parser，XML Schema

论文题目：基于图像重建基础上的两相流相关测速系统的仿真研究Study on Two-Phase Fluid Cross Correlation Flow Measurement System Based on the Image Reconstruction

研究生姓名：燕　芳 导师姓名：李文涛　教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：气/液两相流是自然界和工业过程中一种非常典型、复杂的多相流形态，其中离散相如气泡

的运动速度、尺寸、位置等参数的检测是一个非常重要的测量研究课题。本论文探索了电容层析成象（Electrical Capacitance Tomography,简记 ECT）技术和相关流速测量技术相结合实现气/液两相泡状流的离散相速度及其分布测量的研究。在本论文的研究中，作者主要完成了以下几方面的工作：1．系统阐述了将电容层析成象技术和相关流速测量技术相结合进行两相流气相流速测量的

思路、实现方案和理论基础。2. 通过编写M文件在MATLAB环境中实现了气/液两相泡状流流动状态的仿真，并可记录

在流动过程中气/液两相流中出现的气泡位置及大小。3．开发出基于图象重建基础上的象素相关和利用测量信号直接相关的相关分析系统，其相

关计算采用 FFT计算方法。利用该系统获取的数据可离线进行 ECT的相关分析，实现气/液两相泡状流气相速度及其分布测量。

4．作者通过大量的仿真实验，对象素相关和测量信号直接相关两种方法的可行性和可靠性进行了验证。通过比较两种相关方法得到的实验结果，对其适用性进行了初步的探讨。本文所讨论的两种气相速度估计方法中，由象素相关方法得到的结果参数信息丰富，精度

相对较高测量信号直接相关的方法简单明了，且对气相速度的方向要求较低。基于 ECT技术的象素相关和测量信号直接相关方法，是 ECT技术与相关测量技术相结合在两相流流速测量方面的一种新的应用，对于工业现场条件下的应用具有实际意义。

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关键词：气/液两相流 象素相关 电容层析成象技术 相关流速测量技术ABSTRACT

The gas/liquid two-phase flow is a typical and complicated pattern of multiphase flows in the

nature and industrial processes. The measurement of parameters of gas/liquid two-phase flow such as

velocity , size and position of bubbles is a very important investigation subject. In this artical, the author

studied in detail the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT)combined with the cross-correlation flow

measurement technique to give the gas velocity and distribution in bubbly flow.

The specific work that the author has finished in this research is as follows:

1. Theoretical analyses and application details were introduced around measurement of the gas

velocity with ECT technique and cross-correlation technique

2. The M-file of MATLAB enable us to achieve the simulation of gas/liquid two-phase flow state

and to record the bubble’s position and size during the flowing process of gas/liquid two-phase.

3. The software for pixel cross-correlation and signals cross-correlation calculation using FFT is

developed by the author. We can implement the velocity measurement based on the pixel cross-

correlation or the measuring signals of ECT cross-correlation offline by the data of the system

4.Two experiments were planned to evaluate the validity and robustness of those two methods by

simulation experiment. Experiments results were carefully compared to analyze their characters

respectively.

It can be concluded that the pixel-correlation method provides relatively abundant results and can

make estimation more accurate than that of the signals-correlation method. While the signals-correlation

method has such advantages that it can be realized easily and can process the data in a shorter time.

Especially when the gas has a velocity vertical to the pipeline, the signals-correlation method is

immune from influence, while the pixel-correlation will produce large error. Both the pixel-correlation

method and the signals-correlation method are new applications of the ECT and cross-correlation

technique to measure velocity of the gas/liquid flow. They can be regarded as valuable tools to measure

two-phase flows in industry

Key words：Gas/Liquid Two-phase Flow; Pixel-Correlation; Electrical Capacitance Tomography;

cross-correlation technique

论文题目：CR—CT医学图像融合效果评价的研究Study of Evaluation Methods on Effect of CT & MR Medical

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Image Fusion

研究生姓名：杨立东 导师姓名：吕晓琪 教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：

图像融合技术包括以下几方面主要内容：图像预处理、创建融合图像和对融合图像进行质量评价。图像预处理包括图像去噪、图像加强以及图像配准几个步骤，其中图像配准是预处理中最为关键的一步，直接关系到融合图像的质量；创建融合图像是对至少两幅源图像，在空域或频域根据一定的规则加以组合，创建一个全新的图像；最后就是对融合图像的质量进行评价。在本课题中，重点是对图像融合效果进行评价，所以评价标准的选择成为本课题的主要研究目标。本文针对医学CT和MR融合图像，采用统计特性、信噪比、梯度值、模糊积分等数学工具进

行了客观的评价。特别是利用模糊数学中的择近原则来衡量源图像在融合图像中所占有用信息的比例，以这个比例表示对源图像的重视程度，最终在评价的时候把这个重视程度看作模糊测度就可以算出模糊积分值。模糊积分值越小，说明融合图像来源于源图像的不确定性越小。在课题中采用的医学图像为经过基于边缘配准算法配准的，且利用对比度调制法或小波变

换融合法所得到的 CT和MR融合图像。这些 CT和MR 图像为Visible Human数据集中的几组头部图像。文中运用大量的图像和数据对融合图像进行了评价，通过评价比较了融合算法的优劣。在课题研究的具体实现过程中，采用 Visual C++这种面向对象的编程方法，为今后课题工作

的进一步深入打下良好的基础。关键词：图像融合 评价 模糊积分 择近原则ABSTRACT

The technology of image fusion includes image pre-processing, forming fusion image by fusion

criterion, and estimate on quality of image. Image pre-processing consists of three steps, which are de-

noise, enhance and registration of image. Among three steps, registration image is the most important in

pre-processing, which concerns the quality of image fusion directly. Forming fusion image is to create a

new image by combination of at least two source images in spatial or frequency domain. The final

process is to estimate the quality of fusion image. In this paper, we discuss the effect of image fusion, so

the choice of measuring standards is the object we want to attain.

In this paper, statistics parameters, signal-to-noise ratio, grads value, fuzzy integral were used in

measuring the effect of CT & MR fusion image. Specially, we weigh the ratio of valuable information

which the original image occupies in fusion image by similarity principle in fuzzy mathematics. The

ratio shows the degree of regard to original image. Lastly, we can get the value of fuzzy integral by

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regarding the ratio as fuzzy measure during the ultimate measuring. The smaller is the value of fuzzy

integral, the smaller is the uncertainty of fusion image coming from original image.

In this article ,CT & MR of fusion images which are got from Visible Human data set are

registered by registration algorithm based on edge detection and fused by multiscale contrast-pyramid

and wavelet transform.

A large amount of image and data have been used to measure the fusion image in this paper. By

measurement, we can know which fusion algorithm is better.

On the concrete study of this article, we accomplished a platform of image fusion in Visual C++

language, and established a profound basis, which can be more extended.

Key words：Image fusion, Evaluation, Fuzzy integral, Similarity principle

论文题目：基于网络的控制系统应用研究The Application and Research of Control System Based on the Network

研究生姓名：郝智红 导师姓名：崔桂梅　副教授专　　　业：控制理论与控制工程摘　要：随着控制网络向控制领域的延伸和发展，给闭环网络控制系统的应用带来了崭新的发展空

间，给控制系统的理论和应用也提出了新的挑战。关于闭环网络控制系统的分析与设计越来越受到人们的重视 ,已成为控制界研究的又一研究热点。本文以网络控制为前提，研究了三容系统的解耦算法和快速系统网络控制问题。其中，多容

器流程系统是过程控制中一种典型的控制对象,对于三容系统而言，其系统具有多变量、强耦合及非线性等特点。解决多回路之间的耦合，以达到稳定的运行是极为关键和重要的，这正是解耦控制所要解决的问题，而一种以模糊推理为依据，以自适应网络为框架的模糊推理系统---

ANFIS(Adaptive-Network -Based Fuzzy Inference System)，较其它方法具用更好的辨识结果，从而可以解决三容系统的解耦问题。本文阐述了三容系统的传统解耦控制方法和 ANFIS的理论基础，包括自适应网络的结构、基本学习规则以及在此基础上的在线/离线学习模式的混合学习算法，并利用模糊逻辑工具箱(Fuzzy Logic Toolbox)建立起三容系统的智能解耦控制器 ANFIS模型，此模型较好地实现了解耦功能，比较了两种控制方法的控制效果。从仿真结果来看，自适应模糊神经网络解耦控制相对于传统的解耦控制方法而言，在控制系统的响应速度、

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鲁棒性等方面均有良好的控制品质。然而解耦控制算法的复杂性给控制带来了一定的难度，所以基于网络的三容系统解耦控制的实现成为必然。

网络控制系统中，对实时性要求较高的系统，网络系统中时延的存在不可忽略，因此，本文提出基于 T-S模型的网络控制系统模糊控制器设计方法,该控制的实现是在建立网络控制系统的 T-S模型的基础上，采用并行分散补偿技术，利用 Lyapunov 泛函方法结合线性矩阵不等式LMI技术设计了模糊状态反馈控制器，稳定的充分条件采用线性矩阵不等式的形式给出，因此，控制律易于数值计算。仿真结果验证了该控制方法的有效性。本论文的研究，以现代及智能控制理论为基础，既具有数学模型的推导及控制方法理论的

探讨，又有仿真验证，而且研究对象相当典型，因此具有一定的理论和实际意义。

关键词：解耦、自适应模糊神经网络推理系统（ANFIS）、三容系统、网络控制系统、时延ABSTRACT

With control network to extension and development of controlled field, it bring the brand-new

development space to the application of closed loop network control system, and propose new challenge

for the theory and application of control system. The analysis and design about closed loop network

control system are getting more and more attention. It will be another study focus in control field.

Network control is the precondition of this thesis,The decouple arithmetic of three tank system and

the fast system network control are studied. Among them, the procedure system of Multi-containers is a

kind of typical control target in the process control system, There are very extensive application

backgrounds in actual production. For the three tank system, which has muiti-variable、 strong coupling

、non-linear and so on ，solving the coupling among many loops in order to reach steady operation is

for the key and important one very much. This exactly solves coupling and controls problems . And one

kind is based on fuzzy reasoning, the system of fuzzy reasoning taking adaptive network as frame ---

ANFIS (Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System). It is with fine result of distinguishing than

other method, it can solve the coupling problem in the three tank system. This text is devoted to

expounding the traditional decoupling method in the three tank syetem and the theoretical foundation of

ANFIS, including the structure of adaptive network, study rule and the mix studying algorithm of on-

line /off-line study on this basis.Finally we use the SIMULINK tool in MATLAB software package to

prove validity of traditional decoupling scheme, utilize fuzzy logic toolbox to set up the intelligent

decoupling controller ANFIS model in the three tank system, this model realizes decoupling function

well, we have compared the control results of two kinds of control methods. According to the

simulation results,compared to the traditional decoupling control method, self-adaptive fuzzy neural

network decoupling control method has good control quality about the response speed、robustness etc.

However, the complexity of decoupling control algorithm bring certain difficulty to the control, so the

implement of three tank system decoupling control based on network become inevitable.

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Among the network control systems, especially the system requiring the higher real-time character,

the existence of time delay in the network system can't be neglected. Therefore, a design scheme of

fuzzy controller of network control system based on the akagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy model is presented in

this thesis. The realization of this scheme is based on the T-S fuzzy model of network control system,

and a linear-feedback fuzzy controller is designed using parallel dispersal compensation technique. By

means of the Lyapunov synthesis approach and the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) are used to design

fuzzy state feedback controller. The results are easy to be calculated numerically because of the Linear

Matrix Inequality representation.The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The completion of the whole thesis is based on certain theory, There is not only the deriving of a

mathematics model, the discussion of the method theory, but also simulation course of design of

different methods, and the research object is quite typical, so the thesis is with important theory and

actual significance.

Key words: Decoupling 、Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Three

tank system 、Networked Control System、Time delay

　　　　　　　　　　　　结构工程　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　论文题目：渠道冻胀温度场计算机模拟与防冻胀措施实验研究

Application and Computer Simulation of Polystyrene Slab for Keeping Warm in Irrigation Works

研究生姓名：王英浩 导师姓名：杨永新 教授专　　　业：结构工程摘　要：

我国北方的几大灌区地处季节冻土区，渠系水工建筑物由于地基土不均匀冻胀而产生破坏。因此，几大灌区渠道防冻胀多采用不同材料、不同形式的渠道衬砌，目前，聚苯乙烯板作为渠道衬砌

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保温材料正被广泛应用，但不同位置具体的铺设厚度还不能明确地确定，容易形成边设计边施工再设计的循环格局，从而造成极大的浪费。本课题就是想通过理论和试验加之计算机模拟，来寻求一种较为通用的计算方法，使设计、施工不再盲目选用保温材料，以大大降低渠系投资和维修成本。本文首先介绍了与本课题相关的理论，如季节冻土冻结特征、冻结过程、冻胀的规律和冻胀量

的计算等；然后介绍了试验的相关情况，如试验条件、试验方法、试验测量的结果等；最后建立了五种模拟模型，用计算机模拟不同防冻胀保温措施下地基土温度场的变化规律，在把模拟结果的温度彩云图、零温线图以及苯板下 20 温度特征值与实际测量结果相比较后，我们可以发现地基土温度场的变化规律与实际测量结果温度变化规律相符合、误差较小，并分析了产生误差的原因。作者得到下列结论：渠底铺设 5 厚保温板可削减冻胀量百分之九十以上，铺设 8 厚保温

板可完全削除冻胀量；阳坡上部铺设 4 、下部铺设5 、阴坡上部铺设 5 、下部铺设8 都可以达到较好的保温效果。除了上述的温度场稳态分析之外，还进行了温度场的瞬态分析，即在温度荷载随时间变化而变化的条件下，观察渠道衬砌温度场的连续变化。

关键词：渠道防冻胀；聚苯乙烯泡沫板保温；计算机模拟ABSTRACT

There are several irrigate regions in north of China , their ground is seasonal frozen earth . Many

irrigation works were destroyed by uneven frostbite . To solve this problem , people used different kinds

of materials and made them into all kinds of form under the concrete boards . At the moment ,

polystyrene boards are used widely for preventing frostbite . But the problem is how to count its

thickness and how to define its station . So if people can’t design well , it will be easy to form great

waste . In this article , the writer tried to find a common way to solve above-mentioned question by

analysing theories、practical results and simulated test in computer . Thus we can cut back investment

and maintenace cost .

At first , this essay writes about the relevant documents , for example , the feature and process of

frozen soil ; the pattern and depth of frostbite ; the second , you can understand something on

experiment , such as experimental condition、method and results . In the end , the writer used computer

software to imitate five models and compared some results with the practical results , including the

temperature picture 、 the picture about zero and results of temperature under twenty centimeters of

concrete boards . For each of us , it is easy to find out the variations of temperature is unanimous , the

errors are small . At the same time , the writer listed the reasons why there were some errors .

The writer drew the conclusion as following: when we used five-centimeter-thick boards at the

bottom of the ditch , the frozen depth would be reduced ninety percent ; if eight-cm-thick boards were

used ,there was no frozen injury ; when “four” and “five” were used respectively at the bottom and the

top of positive slope ; when “five” and “eight” were used in negative slope , the results of keeping warm

are good . In addition to the steady temperature load , the writer brought the variable temperature loaded

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on the models , so that we can see the continuous change about temperature pictures .

Key words：prevent frostbite in irrigation works；polystyrene slab for keeping warm；computer simulation

论文题目：钢骨混凝土柱累积损伤的研究Research on accumulation of fatigue damage ofSteel

Reinforced Concrete Columns

研究生姓名：郝利伟 导师姓名：李 斌　教授专　　　业：结构工程摘　要：

钢骨混凝土柱累积损伤的本质原因是混凝土微细裂缝的形成和发展，钢骨与混凝土之间粘结的退化和破坏，被裂缝割裂的混凝土块体的相互错动、酥松、破碎和掉落以及钢材的塑性发展。在这一破坏过程中伴随着钢骨混凝土柱的强度退化，也就是说强度退化规律与损伤发展过程是基本一致的。事实上，钢骨混凝土柱产生强度退化的主要原因是试件的累积损伤，所以本论文将应用强度退化来度量钢骨混凝土柱的累积损伤，具体将从以下两方面进行：一方面，从损伤理论出发，首先提出基于强度退化的构件损伤模型，然后，基于前人的研

究成果，经过对屈服前荷载-位移关系曲线的修正，提出了钢骨混凝土柱修正的三线性恢复力骨架曲线模型的计算公式，并以此为基础，推导了钢骨混凝土柱的损伤模型。

另一方面，基于理论分析对不同的剪跨比和轴压力系数钢骨混凝土柱进行了低周反复荷载试验研究。试验所得的钢骨混凝土柱的水平位移与损伤变量的关系曲线与损伤模型曲线非常吻合，说明能够用损伤模型来描述钢骨混凝土柱破坏过程中损伤变量的变化规律。依据试验过程中钢骨混凝土柱所呈现的不同损伤状态，将其损伤程度划分为五个等级：基本完好、轻微损伤、中等破坏、严重破坏和倒塌，用界限损伤指标来划分构件的损伤等级，试验发现，剪跨比越小，钢骨混凝土柱界限损伤指标越高，轴压力系数越大，钢骨混凝土柱界限损伤指标越低。论文所得结论为地震后钢骨混凝土损伤结构的修复及其剩余抗震能力的评定提供了试验基础。

关键词：钢骨混凝土柱 累积损伤 强度退化 界限损伤指标ABSTRACT

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The nature of accumulation fatigue damage of steel reinforced concrete columns is the formation &

development of small cracks of concrete, the bond degeneration and failure between steel and concrete’s

mutual friction, looseness and crash , desquamation of cracked concrete and plastic development of

steel. Strength degeneration of column just takes place during course of concrete’s failure. In other

words it means that rule of strength degeneration is consistent with development of damage .In fact,

strength degeneration owes to the accumulation damage of member .So it’s reasonable to measure

accumulation damage of member with strength degeneration in this paper. It can be presented from two

aspects thereinafter:

On the one hand, according to damage theory, the damage model of members based on strength

degeneration is proposed. Secondly, based on the existing research production, under the revise of the

curve of load-displacement ,the computing formula of revised three-linearity resilience framework

model of steel reinforce concrete column is put forward. Finally, on the basis of this formula, the

damage model of steel reinforced concrete column is deduced.

On the other hand, according to the theoretical analysis steel reinforced concrete columns of

different shear-span ratio are tested on the condition of low periodic & iterative load. In the experiment,

the relation curve of level displacement & damage variable is accordant with the curve of damage

model. It can be concluded that the damage model can be used to describe the changing rule of the

damage variable of the column of steel reinforced concrete. According to the different damage status of

steel reinforced concrete column in the test, the degree of damage is divided to five degrees based on the

limit damage index: intactness on the whole, slight damage, medium destroy, serious destroy and

collapse. The experiment proved that the smaller the shear-span ratio, the higher the limit damage index.

The bigger axial compression force, the smaller the limit damage index. Work of this paper will provide

experimental base for the evaluation of repair and residual aseismatic ability of damaged SRC structure

after earthquake.

Key words: column of steel reinforced concrete; accumulation of fatigue damage;

strength degeneration; limit damage index

论文题目：楔形变截面柱平面内稳定承载力研究Research on the In-plane Stable Ultimate Capacity of Tapered Columns

研究生姓名：陈　明 导师姓名：赵根田　教授专　　　业：结构工程

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摘　要：与其它传统的结构相比，楔形变截面门式刚架由于其经济、美观、建设周期短而日益受到关

注并正得到越来越广泛应用。本文对门式刚架结构中的楔形变截面柱的平面内稳定性进行了试验与程序分析，在应力分析方面与等截面柱进行比较。本文采用了翼缘尺寸不变而只有腹板高度渐变的双轴对称工字型变截面柱作为研究对象。本文主要包括以下几个方面的内容：一、通过楔形变截面柱的轴心受力试验，并与等截面轴压柱进行比较，分析楔形轴心受压柱

的稳定极限荷载及受力性能，做出一系列荷载——应变曲线以及荷载——位移曲线。二、论述有限元理论，采用有限元理论分析楔形变截面柱，并运用 ANSYS程序模拟楔形变

截面轴压柱的试验，通过试验结果及《规范》验证程序的正确性。三、选取三种截面，运用ANSYS8.1程序，研究了楔形变截面轴压柱的平面内弹塑性弯曲失

稳，考虑了绕弱轴和强轴弯曲两种情况，提出了按大头截面进行计算的承载力计算公式。分析了两种约束条件下楔形变截面轴压柱按大、小头截面为准的计算长度，提出了计算长度系数公式。

关键词：楔形变截面柱 稳定极限承载力 试验研究 有限元理论 计算长度ANSYS程序分析

ABSTRACT

Compared with other traditional building structure, due to its economy, beauty and short

construction period, portal frame with tapered members is being adopted widely. In this thesis, the in-

plane stability of tapered columns in portal frame is tested and analyzed through program and compared

with the stresses of constant section columns. In this thesis the web-tapered columns with I section are

the studied target.

In this thesis the content of these aspects are consisted of:

Firstly, through the structure tests of tapered columns under axial loads and comparing with that of

constant section columns, the stable ultimate load-carrying capacity and performance of tapering

columns under axial loads are analyzed and a series of load-strain curves and load- displacement curves

are presented.

Secondly, the finite element theory is discussed, and the tapered columns are analyzed with the

finite element theory, and the test of tapering column under axial loads are simulated with the ANSYS

program, and verified the program through result of test and code.

Finally, choosing three sections and exerting the ANSYS8.1 program, the research is done on the

in-plane inelastic stability of tapered columns under axial loads about strong axis and weak axis and a

new design method is suggested in which the tapered column is equivalent to the prismatic column with

the cross-section at the larger end of the tapered column. The research is done the effective length of

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tapered columns under two different restrictions with the cross-section at the larger and smaller end of

the tapered column, and the formulas of the effective length are suggested.

Key words: tapered columns the stable ultimate load-carrying capacity test research

the finite element theory effective length ANSYS program analyses

论文题目：型钢混凝土短柱粘结性能研究Research on Bond Performance of SRC Column

研究生姓名：杨丽梅 导师姓名：赵根田 教授专　　　业：结构工程摘　要：

现有的型钢混凝土技术规程中在进行型钢混凝土柱承载力计算时一般都直接将型钢、钢筋、混凝土三者的承载力进行简单的叠加，忽略型钢与混凝土之间的粘结滑移,也不考虑型钢与混凝土的组合作用，计算方法不够合理。因此对型钢混凝土构件，要建立一套合理的强度、刚度、变形计算理论和分析方法，就必须对型钢混凝土的粘结滑移性能和承载力进行深入的研究。推出试验和拉拔试验与实际构件的受力状况有差别，不能真正反映出构件的粘结滑移性能，也不能直接反映出粘结滑移规律对构件承载力的影响，因此有必要采用更符合型钢混凝土构件实际承载力的试验方法，进一步对型钢混凝土构件的粘结滑移性能和承载力进行研究。本文参照以前的有关试验研究成果，设计了以混凝土强度、配箍率为主要参数的 5个型钢混

凝土短柱试件，在型钢翼缘和腹板上按照一定的距离布置应变片，并在加载端安置百分表，对试验柱加荷全过程中型钢的应变分布和加载端的相对滑移以及试件的开裂、破坏荷载等进行了细致的观测和记录。

根据 5个试件的测试结果，并收集了以前的一些试验分析数据，进行综合分析和归纳，基本得到了型钢翼缘和腹板的粘结应力分布规律，以混凝土强度、配箍率和混凝土保护层厚度为主要参数分析其对构件粘结性能的影响，在此基础上建立了型钢混凝土短柱的粘结强度计算公式和粘结破坏荷载计算公式。对混凝土保护层厚度及配箍率对型钢的约束作用分析结果表明：开始加载至试件破坏，型钢与混凝土之间的粘结应力和相对滑移值很小，粘结滑移规律对试件承载力的影响远小于混凝土保护层厚度和配箍率的作用。

在试验的基础上建立平面有限元模型，将型钢与混凝土离散为三角形单元；纵筋及箍筋离散为线性杆单元；型钢与混凝土界面采用无厚度的弹簧单元来模拟型钢与混凝土的粘结滑移状态。程序中考虑混凝土强度等级、配箍率等因素的影响，进一步分析型钢混凝土短柱中粘结滑移

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规律、混凝土强度等级和配箍率对试件承载力的影响。FORTRAN程序分析结果表明：通过有限元模型能较方便地模拟型钢与混凝土的粘结滑移性能，程序分析结果与试验结果符合程度较好。

关键词：型钢混凝土结构，粘结滑移，承载力，有限元分析ABSTRACT

Nowadays most design rules are not so reasonable because they just take the shot SRC’ strength as

simple plus of shape steel,steel and concrete ignoring the effection of bond-slip between steel and

concrete .So further research on the bond & strength performance between steel and concrete are so

important in setting up a set of reasonable calculation theory and analysis method of strength ,rigidity

and distortion.Push-Out & Drawing test are are somewhat different from real force condition which

cannot reflect the real bond-slip performance of member.So it’s need to adopt a kind of test method

suitable for real strength ability of short column and make more research on the bond-slip relationship

between shape steel and concrete .

According to former test study result ,five short SRC specimen are designed to research bond-slip

performance between shape steel and concrete considering the effection of concrete strength & stirrup

ration in this paper. Strain gauges are laid in the middle of flange and web and dial gauge is laid in the

loading end to measure the force performance of shape steel ,relative slip of loading end ,cracking

load,failure load and so on.

Bond stress distributing law of flange and web are gained through test result of five test

specimen.Two main parameters ( concrete strength & stirrup ration ) that influence the bond

performance are analysed in this paper.

Bond-slip law’s effection on the strength of member is gained through analyse the bond-slip law

between shape steel and concrete along anchor length and the carrying capacity of test

specimen.Transverse strain of shape steel and stirrup ration’s effection on carrying capacity of member

are analysed too.

Planar finite element model is set up on the base of test.Shape steel and concrete are scattered as

triangle element,longitudinal bar and stirrup are scattered as linear element,combination element with

zero thickness is set up between shape steel and concrete to simulate bond-slip state between shape steel

and concrete.Concrete strength,stirrup ratio and transverse expansion are taken into account in

researching the bond-slip relationship and carrying capacity of test specimen.Result of procedure

indicates that result of finite element model procedure is in constant with test which can simulate bond-

slip performance between shape steel and concrete properly.

Key words：Key words: SRC structure, bond-slip, carrying capacity, finite element analysis

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论文题目：基于耐久性的在役钢筋混凝土结构剩余寿命研究 　 Research on Residual Life of Existing Reinforced Concrete

Structure Based on Durability

研究生姓名：李燕飞 导师姓名：蔺石柱 副教授专　　　业：结构工程摘　要：

钢筋混凝土结构广泛应用于工业与民用建筑、道路和桥梁工程等各种工程结构中，混凝土是工程中用量最多、也是最主要的建筑材料之一。由于当前大量建筑物普遍存在耐久性不足的问题，而且许多需要进行鉴定以采取合理的处理措施，在役钢筋混凝土结构耐久性评估和剩余寿命预测引起了越来越多的学者和工程技术人员的关注，成为当前国际结构工程学科的研究热点。本文在前人研究成果的基础上，针对这一问题做了一些探索，主要内容包括：

1.一般大气环境下，钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性损伤主要是混凝土的碳化和钢筋锈蚀，从碳化和钢筋锈蚀与使用时间的关系入手，在相关理论和经验公式的基础上，建立起混凝土碳化和钢筋锈蚀的随机过程模型。

2.在运用可靠度理论对剩余寿命进行研究时，充分考虑在役结构与新建结构的不同，提出在役结构荷载的计算方法；分析了结构抗力衰减的理论模型和简化计算方法；探讨了在役结构抗力随时间变化的动态可靠度计算模型。

3.通过加载试验，研究破损大型屋面板的承载能力、变形性能及试验破坏特征，在此基础上探索混凝土破损、保护层脱落、钢筋锈蚀等耐久性损伤对构件承载能力的影响，初步建立起相应的承载力计算模型。

4.建立起具有工程应用价值的在役钢筋混凝土结构寿命预测的总体框架，提出了基于耐久性的在役结构剩余寿命分析的方法和步骤，探讨了碳化寿命、锈胀开裂寿命、裂缝宽度控制寿命和承载力寿命的计算方法。其中，考虑环境因素对钢筋锈蚀的影响，用模糊概率对结构的碳化寿命进行分析，提高了碳化寿命预测的准确性；此外，提出进行承载力寿命计算的具体步骤，通过算例分析，认为基于可靠度的承载力寿命计算方法在实际工程中是可行的。

关键词：在役结构；耐久性；混凝土碳化；钢筋锈蚀；可靠度；寿命ABSTRACT

Concrete is the most widely used structural materials, and the reinforced concrete (RC for short)

structure is the most widely used form of structures. Because of the problem of the deficiency of

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reliability, the appraisal of structures and the reasonable measures must be made for many existing

structures .The research on residual life of existing RC structures is a hotspot of Structural Engineering

subject all over the world. Durability research is a systems engineering which is composed of many

complicated factors. In this paper, researches are made to improve this subject on the basis of correlative

literature. The main contents include:

1. Under the natural atmosphere environment, the concrete carbonization and steel corrosion are

the primary durability damage of RC structure. Based on the course of corrosion, the relative theory and

experience formulas, the model of concrete carbonization and steel corrosion is presented.

2. In the use of the reliability theory, the difference between existing structure and new building

structure is considered. The calculated method of load is brought forward, theoretical model of

resistance attenuation and simplified method are analyzed, and dynamic reliability model in which the

resistance is time-dependent is discussed.

3. Based on load experiment, the bearing capacity, deformation performance and failure character

of the aging large roof slab in disrepair are discussed. The durability damage (e.g. steel corrosion) which

affected on bearing capacity and the calculated model of the slab bearing capacity are proposed.

4. The total frame of life prediction of existing structures, which has the practical value in

engineering, is built. Based on durability, the method and the calculating process of residual life of

existing structure, include the life of carbonization, the life of concrete cover cracks, the life controlled

by cracks width, and life of bearing capacity, are proposed. Considering the influence of environment

factors to steel corrosion, the fuzzy probability is used to analyze the carbonization life of structures,

and the accuracy of the life prediction is improved. Furthermore, the process of calculating the bearing

capacity life in engineering is put forward. Using example, it proved that the method of predicting the

bearing capacity life based on reliability in engineering is feasible.

Key words: existing structure; durability; concrete carbonization; steel corrosion; reliability; life

论文题目：钢框架梁柱外伸式端板螺栓连接抗震性能分析 　 Analysis on Steel Beam-to-column Extended End-plate

Moment Connections Under seismic loading

研究生姓名：刘少文 导师姓名：柳长江 副教授专　　　业：结构工程摘　要：长期以来学术界普遍认为，梁柱焊接的刚性连接要比梁柱螺栓连接抗震性能好，因此焊接

节点在工程中得到了广泛地应用，但是 1994 年的美国 Northrige地震和 1995 年的日本阪神地震85

改变了人们的这种传统观点，同时也引起了工程技术人员对螺栓连接的重视。端板连接是螺栓连接的主要形式之一，它是具有一定柔性的连接方式，当框架结构梁柱节点采用这种连接方式时，可以增加结构的阻尼，延长结构自振周期，耗散较多的地震能量，从而降低震害，因此它是理想的抗震选择之一。但是，由于这种节点长期没有得到足够重视，研究资料相对较少，人们对其受力性能和破坏机理的认识还远远不足，特别是对其在循环荷载作用下受力性能的认识极为有限。因此研究端板连接在循环荷载作用下的受力性能和破坏机理，并在此基础上提出抗震设计建议，具有重要的理论和实际意义。端板连接几何形态复杂，很难用简单的理论精确描述其受力性能，而且单次试验由于受各

方面条件限制无法提供足够的试验数据，而采用有限元方法分析此类节点可以得到充足的数据，能够较精确的描述其受力性能。本文采用考虑材料、几何和状态非线性的三维有限元法对梁柱外伸式四螺栓端板连接进行了循环加载分析，真实模拟了端板与柱翼缘表面、螺栓头 (帽)与各板件间、螺栓孔和螺栓杆间的接触问题。为了验证本文有限元方法的可行性和有效性，本文首先模拟了郭兵等人的试验过程，分析结果与试验数据吻合的较好。之后，本文自行设计了 19个有限元试件，主要研究了端板尺寸，柱的轴压比，柱翼缘、腹板的尺寸，螺栓的直径、间距和预应力大小，端板加劲肋以及柱腹板加劲肋等参数对连接滞回性能的影响，得出了一系列重要的结论。

最后，根据有限元研究结果，提出了设计和施工建议。本文所建立的有限元模型也可用于其他类型端板节点的分析。

关键词：梁柱端板连接，循环荷载，滞回性能，有限元ABSTRACT

For a long time academic circles universally thought that steel moment-resisting frames with

welded beam-to-column connections have more excellent performance than those with bolted beam-to-

column connections, therefore the welded connections have got widely apply in the engineering field,

but this traditional opinion has changed after the 1994 Northrige(American) earthquake and the 1995

Hyogoken-Nanbu(Japan) earthquake. These twice earthquakes have also caused engineers and

technicians to resurvey the behavior of bolted connections. The endplate connections are important

forms of bolted connections which have definite flexibility, and can increase damp, prolong period and

dissipate more earthquake energy. So it can reduce the earthquake damage and is one of the best

connections for resisting earthquakes. However because studies on endplate connections were so

limited, cognitions on the behavior under loads and damage mechanism of this type of joints were rather

inadequate. So research and analyses the damage mechanism of endplate connections under seismic

loads is significant for theory and practice.

Because of the geometry complexity of bolted beam-to-column endplate connections, it is

difficulty to use simplified theory to describe its behavior under loads accurately. Furthermore, the

restrictions of various facts make anyone test can not provide enough data. If we use f inite element

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method to analyze this kind of connections, we can get enough data to describe its behavior. 3D

nonlinear (material, geometry and contact) finite element method is applied in this paper to analyze the

behaviors of endplate connections under cyclic loads. Contact problems between endplate and column

flange surface, bolt nut and neighborhood plate, bolt shank and bolt hole are simulated really. Trial

courses (by Guo Bing etc.) have been imitated in this paper first to verify the feasibility and validity of

the finite element method. Difference between test data and FEM result is reasonable. Afterwards, 19

finite element model species are computed. The major factors including dimensions of endplate, column

axial force, pretension forces, arrangement of bolts, the stiffening rib, and so on are investigated. Some

important conclusions are drawn.

At last, advices for seismic design based on FEM analysis are presented. The finite element model

established in this paper can also be used to study other type endplate connections.

Key words: Beam-to-column endplate connections, Cyclic loads, Hysteretic behavior, Finite

Element Method.

论文题目：钢管混凝土柱承载能力的研究 　　Bearing Capability Analysis of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular

Columns

研究生姓名：郝润霞 导师姓名：李　斌　教授专　　　业：结构工程摘　要：近年来，钢管混凝土在工业、民用建筑中的应用越来越广泛，国内外学者在钢管混凝土短柱

方面进行了大量的研究，提出了不同的计算公式，但这些计算公式都比较复杂；现有的有关钢管混凝土长柱失稳的经验稳定系数的计算公式偏于保守，在实际应用中造成了不必要的浪费。因此，本文主要从以下几个方面进行研究：一方面，分析整理已有的钢管混凝土短柱和中长柱的试验资料，在此基础上，继续增大长

细比，进行了 6 根钢管混凝土和 2 根空钢管的长柱试验。另一方面，基于试验研究，采用双剪应力屈服准则，推导钢管混凝土轴压短柱的极限承载

力公式，根据钢管混凝土受力变化的特点将钢管混凝土短柱分为正常工作阶段和极限承载阶段，并在此基础上分析了钢管混凝土轴压中长柱稳定系数的变化特点。研究表明：本文提出的钢管混凝土短柱的极限承载力公式，其计算结果与试验结果比较吻

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合；长细比在 18-40范围内的中长柱的稳定系数为一定值；钢管混凝土柱和空钢管柱长度相同时，前者的极限承载力较后者高出 50%左右，这是由于混凝土的灌入，避免或延缓了钢管的局部屈曲，同时也增强了构件的延性性能。因此，这项研究对实际的工程应用具有一定的参考价值。

关键词：钢管混凝土 双剪屈服准则 长细比 核心混凝土强度提高综合系数 中长柱ABSTRACT

Nowadays Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns are widely used in industrial & civil

architecture. Scholars all over the world have made many researches on short columns of concrete filled

steel tube and they also put forward different formulas but these formulas and calculated method are

miscellaneous and inconvenience to use. The existing stabilization coefficient of the bearing capability

of slender column is conservative which resulted in much squander. Therefore, researches are made in

this paper from several aspects as follows.

On one hand, based on the datum of short columns and medium slender columns concrete filled

steel tube experiments, six concrete filled steel tubes and two hollow slender steel tubes with increased

slender ratio are experimented.

On the other hand, using twin shearing yield rule, through analysis of experiment result, limit-

bearing capability of short column formula is concluded. Through analysis, experiment results and the

calculated results are accordant. Based on the character of concrete filled steel tube, the short columns

analysis are divided to normal work stage and limit bearing capacity stage. The stabilization coefficient

variation feature of medium & long column is analyzed.

Researches indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity formula of concrete filled steel tube short

column put forward in this paper is in consistent with the test. The stabilization coefficient of medium

slender column with 18~40 slender ratio is a invariable value. Because of filled concrete, the local

flexuosity of steel tube is avoided or staved off, and the ductility is enhanced. Therefore, the carrying

capacity of hollow tube was only half of the concrete filled steel tube which has the same length with it.

Therefore，this research has important actual value.

Key words：concrete filled steel tube；twin shearing yield rule；slender ratio；strain-constrained

concrete cylinders strength coefficient；medium slender columns.

　　　　　　　　　　　　工程力学　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

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论文题目：基于MATLAB的选矿用振动筛振动特性研究 　Study on the Vibrating Character of Vibrating 　 Screens for Ore Based MATLAB

研究生姓名：贾宏玉 导师姓名：方治华 副教授专　　　业：工程力学摘　要：选矿用振动筛是振动机械的一种，是选矿设备中的关键设备之一。近年来，一种新型的选矿

用振动筛----梯流棒条筛研制成功，并逐渐被推广，但是目前有关梯流棒条筛振动特性方面的研究成果很少。本文从工程实际出发，应用振动理论和计算机软件对梯流棒条筛的振动特性进行综合研究。

研究的目的及主要内容包括：研究梯流棒条筛的工作原理、力学模型、结构的固有特性，特别是激振力及激振点的选取对振动特性的影响；应用MATLAB软件分析梯流棒条筛的振动特性，建立梯流棒条筛振动的力学模型，编制仿真程序；基于振动分析原理，动用测试手段及数字分析系统对梯流棒条筛进行试验模态分析，从而为计算机仿真提供试验依据；根据试验依据修改及完善计算机仿真程序。本文的研究成果及结论有：以 ZRBF 1300*3000*650 振动筛为切入点，进行了橡胶弹簧压缩、

剪切弹簧刚度的测定实验，应用 INV303智能信号自动采集处理分析系统对振动筛的固有特性进行了测试。通过理论分析和实验验证建立了 ZRBF 1300*3000*650 振动筛的线性振动理论力学模型，力学模型包括铅直平面内的竖直、水平和摆动三个自由度。根据振动筛力学模型建立了MATLAB仿真程序，并且仿真分析了各个基本参数的改变对振动筛筛面运动轨迹的影响。其中筛体总质量、转动惯量、筛体质心的位置、激振中心相对筛体质心的位置等基本参数都对筛面运动轨迹有直接的影响，振动筛的非对称结构及激振点位置的广泛选择可以得到更合理的筛面运动轨迹，合理设置相应的基本参数可以得到比较理想的筛面上各点的仿真运动轨迹。其中激振中心距质心的位置也就是激振点的选取对筛面运动轨迹影响最大，当激振中心距质心的左上方（或右下方）等位置时，可以实现进料端椭圆长轴向中间位置倾斜（基本直立）的同时出料端椭圆长轴直立（远离中间位置）等有应用价值的多种组合，从而满足不同的工艺需要。本文的独特之处在于：在建立振动筛力学模型的时候考虑橡胶弹簧的压缩和剪切两个方向

的弹簧刚度，同时充分考虑竖直、水平和摆动三个自由度之间的耦合；在仿真分析激振点、激振力的选取对振动筛振动特性的影响时，不局限于筛体质心位于两个支撑点的中间位置，也不局限于激振中心位于质心的正上方和正下方，而是全面综合考虑筛体质心前置或后置以及激振中心相对质心位于任何位置时对筛面运动轨迹的影响；应用MATLAB软件的强大功能对振动筛筛面的运动轨迹进行仿真分析，分析总结各个基本参数的改变对进料端和出料端椭圆轨迹长轴指向的影响，为优化设计提供了仿真数据。

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关键词：振动筛 线性振动 Matlab 选矿ABSTRACT

Vibrating Screens for Ore is a vibrating machine, and it is a pivotal equipment for mill run. A new

type Vibrating Screens for Ore----Sticks Screens had been developed and spreaded gradually in recent

years. But researching reports in vibrating character of Sticks Screens are very few at present.

This thesis studies vibrating character about Sticks Screens generally based on actual engineering

by vibrational theory and computer software. The studying aims and main contents including: Studying

work principle and mechanics model of screens, studying machinery’s inherent characteristic, especially

focus on driving power and it’s position how to influence vibrating character of Sticks Screens; analysis

vibrating character of Sticks Screens based on MATLAB, established mechanics model of Sticks

Screens, write computer emluator; doing test mode analysis on Sticks Screens by measure means and

numeric analysis system based on vibrational analysis principle, for computer simulation offered

experimental data; amending and perfecting computer emluator based on experimental data.

This thesis’s fruits and main conclusion: focus on ZRBF 1300*3000*650 Sticks Screens, tested

compress and cut rigidity of rubber spring, measured inherent characteristic of Sticks Screens by

INV303 brainpower automatic signal collect and analysis system. Through theory analysis and

experimental proving establish linear vibration theory mechanics model of ZRBF 1300*3000*650

Sticks Screens, mechanics model comprise plumb,level and swing freedom degree in plumb plane.

Writed computer emluator in MATLAB by mechanics model of Sticks Screens and simulating analysis

every basic parameter how to influence movement track of screens’s surface. The basic parameter such

as Sticks Screens’s total mass, moment of inertia, center of mass, driving power’s location to center of

mass and so on have direct influence to movement track of screens’surface. Adopt non-symmetry

structure of screens and alter driving power’s location can get more rational movement track of

screens’surface, optimizing corresponding basic parameter can get more useful simulating movement

track of screens’s surface. The driving power’s location to center of mass that how to select driving

power’s location has the most influence to movement track of screens’s surface, when driving power’s

locate at left-up to center of mass(or right-down) etc, long axis of ellipse of entry lean to center of

mass(or end-up) while long axis of ellipse of exit end-up(or away from center of mass) which is useful

in actual application.

This thesis’s original point: When establish mechanics model of screens consider compress and cut

rigidity of rubber spring and coupling in plumb,level and swing freedom degree; when simulating

analysis the influence of driving power and it’s location to vibrating character of screens are neither

localization to center of mass at midst nor localization driving power locate up or down to center of

mass, but generally consider the influence to movement track of screens’s surface by center of mass

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forward or back and driving power locate every location to center of mass; use MATLAB’s powerful

function to simulating analysis movement track of screens’s surface, analysis each parameter’s change

how to influence long axis direction of ellipse of entry an exit, offered simulating data for optimizing

design.

Key words：Vibrating Screens、Linear Vibration、Matlab、Screened Ore

论文题目：热轧薄板生产中工作辊的应力与疲劳寿命的力学分析 　 Mechanical Analysis of Worker Roller’s Stress and Fatigue Life

in Hot Rolling Street

研究生姓名：刘 丽 导师姓名：李 革 副教授专　　　业：工程力学摘　要：

轧辊是轧制用的重要工具，也是轧制生产中的主要消耗备件之一。在轧制过程中，轧辊发生了许多外观形状变化和表面状态的变化。例如由于轧制过程中轧制力作用使得轧辊产生压扁、轧辊弯曲、轧辊扭转，由于和高温带钢的接触轧辊发生热膨胀等。轧辊表面和带钢之间的相对滑动以及高压力而产生摩擦磨损、轧辊表面由于和高温带钢轧件接触而产生氧化膜、工作辊和支撑辊的周期性接触使得轧辊表面产生接触疲劳、工作辊和带钢的热接触以及冷却水的交互作用产生热疲劳等。大量生产实践证明，疲劳破坏、裂纹的产生和表面材料的剥落是导致轧辊失效、影响其寿命

的主要原因。而这些都与轧辊的受力密切相关。轧辊的受力不仅与荷载有关，还与温度的变化有关。这些因素结合在一起，使轧辊的工作环境较为复杂。如果能将这些因素考虑进来，建立一个符合实际工况的力学模型，对其应力、疲劳损伤及裂纹的产生原因有个较深入和全面的了解，并在其基础上，建立起轧辊疲劳使用寿命的力学模型，为工艺改进提供合理化的建议，这对于控制轧件的几何精度、板形和表面质量，延长轧辊的使用寿命，无疑会有很大的理论价值和经济价值。本课题从力学角度对轧辊的温度变化及应力变化做了分析，并在此基础上对轧辊的疲劳使

用寿命做了探讨。具体内容如下：首先，本文采用ANSYS/6.1 Multiphisics 大型有限元软件，建立三维模型并对工作辊温度场和应力场进行耦合计算及分析；其次，讨论工作辊温度和应力的变化对工作辊疲劳破坏的影响；最后建立工作辊疲劳使用寿命的力学预报模型。

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关键词：工作辊、温度场、三维应力场、裂纹、有限元分析、疲劳破坏分析ABSTRACT

Roller is an important rolling tool and the primary expendable spare part of rolling process. In the

process of rolling, roller has changed appearance of the shape and the state of the surface. For example,

the staving 、 bending and torsion of the roller which produced by the force of rolling； the heat

expansion of roller which produced by the contracting with the high temperature band steel；The

abrasion which produced by relative glide of surface of roller and band steel and high pressure； the

oxide film on the surface of roller which produce by the contracting with high temperature band steel；the contracting fatigue of the surface of roller which produced by the periodicity contract of work roller

and the support roller； the heat fatigue which produced by the heat contract of work roller and band

steel and the interact with the cooling water.

Based on practice, fatigue wreck, the produce of crack and the flake of surface material resulted in

the failure of roller and reduced the life of roller. These have closed correlation with the force status of

roller. The force is related with load and the change of temperature. Those factors combined and made

the work surroundings complex. If those factors are considered, and the reason of stress, fatigue damage

and crack are realized, a mechanics model of fatigue life of roller which accorded with the practice can

be built. The model can provide suggestion of techniques improving, which can control the geometry

precision, the shape of shell, and the quality of surface, thus prolong the life of roller, and has the great

theory and economic value.

Roller's temperature & stress change are analysed as viewed from mechanic and roller's fatigue life

is discussed in this paper. Detailed contents are as follows:

Firstly, applying the finite element analysis software ANSYS/6.1 Multiphisics, work roller

temperature field and stress field was calculated and analyzed by the three dimensional model, and

discuss the influence of the change of temperature and stress to the fatigue failure of work roller.

Secondly, the shape, expand and flake of crack of work roller was analyzed. Lastly, the mechanics

forecasting model of fatigue life of roller is built.

Key words：work roller、temperature field、three dimensional stress field、cracks、finite element

analysis、fatigue damage analysis

　　　　　　　　　　　　　热能工程 92

论文题目：连铸中间包空包、充包传输过程流场的数值模拟 Numerical Simulation of Filling and Emptying on Transport Process in Continuous Casting Tundish

研究生姓名：李 科 导师姓名：任雁秋 教授专　　　业：热能工程摘　要：当今，全世界 94%的钢的生产都采用连铸工艺，由此可见连铸工艺在钢铁业中的重要性。连

铸过程中的冶金容器(钢包、中间包、结晶器)在冶金过程中起着很重要的作用，这些冶金容器中流体流动的情况，直接影响着钢坯的质量，所以，对中间包内流体流动特性的研究有着重要的意义。本文综述了连铸中间包内钢液流动的数值模拟的研究现状和近期研究的主要问题。在连铸生

产中，当换钢包时，中间包将经历空包、充包过程，这一带有运动界面的流体流动过程是高度非稳态的，这一领域的研究难度较大。本课题将对整个中间包空包、充包过程中的流场进行数值模拟，采用 SIMPLE算法和 VOF

方法相结合的方式对这一过程进行数值求解，并采用了前人对三维自由表面和移动边界的处理方法，进行空包、充包过程的研究和计算。本文成功的模拟了中间包空包、充包过程，认为前人把中间包空包、充包过程中的运动界面

当成一个大平板的模拟是不合理的。在空包过程中，包内流场的主导流向是指向出水口，而在充包过程中，主导流向背向出水口，这样更有利于净化钢液。本课题的研究得到了较好的结果，进一步深化了人们对中间包空包、充包过程的认识和理解，

为连铸过程的全数值模拟奠定了坚实的基础，是对中间包冶金学的进一步拓展。而且所编制的程序对类似的流体流动问题（溃坝、水箱的空水、水库的泄水等）都是适用的。

关键词： 中间包 数值模拟 空包 充包 运动界面ABSTRACT

Today, more than 94 % of the steel production in the world is produced with continuous casting

machines. We can see that it is important for producing steel. Lable , tundish and crystalliezer play a key

role in continuous casting. The way of flowing in these vessels affects the product quality of iron and

steel directly. So it has great signification studying the flowing of fluid in tundish.

In this paper, an overview on current situation and the problems on current studying about tundish

emptying and filling were studied. We discussed the methods about how these people did on this issue.

The flowing of fluid in tundish is a transient flow during tundish emptying and filling with free surface

93

and moving interface. It will bring a great challenge when we study this project.

Numerical simulation on flow field will be carried out during tundish emptying and filling. Based

on the flow field that surface keeps steady, we begin studying. Using CFD(computational fluid

dynamics) techniques，SIMPLE and VOF are combined and adapted to calculate flow field. With the

method on dealing with free surface and moving interface we study the process of tundish emptying and

filling.

Numerical simulation on tundish filling and emptying was accomplished successfully. We draw

conclude that take the moving interface as a flat is unreasonable. During emptying, the main direction of

flow aim at outlet, however the main direction of flow back of outlet during filling, so it can clean the

steel.

Studying on this project makes us realizing the process of tundish emptying and filling deeply. This

expands the contents of tundish metallurgy. Furthermore, this method is available for other flowing such

as reservoir emptying and filling, tank emptying and filling and so on.

Key words：tundish numerical simulation emptying filling moving interface

论文题目：CH4/空气燃烧反应动力学机理的简化及应用 The Reduction and Application of Methane/Air Combustion

Reaction Kinetic Mechanisms

研究生姓名：张俊霞 导师姓名：李保卫　教授专　　　业：热能工程摘　要：燃烧数值模拟对于控制燃烧使其达到高效洁净化有着重要意义，将详细机理用于燃烧数值

模拟对研究燃烧污染物及瞬态过程的形成机制有着积极的意义，但是详细机理的规模庞大，难以应用于复杂工程燃烧模拟中，因此很有必要在保证精度的前提下简化详细机理的规模。

简化机理的预测性能和规模取决于详细机理的预测性能和简化方法，这就需要确定一个预测性能较好的 CH4/空气燃烧反应动力学详细机理和简化方法。为此，本文将 CH4/空气燃烧反应动力学的Gri_Mech3.0、Leeds和Konnov 详细机理用于低压

层流预混火焰中，结果表明：Gri_Mech3.0 详细机理的预测性能最好；详细机理的简化涉及物种和反应两方面，冗余组分去除法不需任何假设就可去除物种因此优于准稳态假设法，将主成分分析法和总敏感性分析法同时简化了 H2/O2/Ar 详细机理，结果表明：主成分分析法能够体现反

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应之间的联系，可得到重要反应途径，因此要优于总敏感性分析法。基于以上分析，本文使用冗余组分去除法和主成分分析法相结合对 Gri_Mech3.0 详细机理进

行简化，将简化机理在不同压力范围的层流预混火焰中应用，结果表明：简化机理可以很好的预测层流预混火焰的燃烧特性，同时节约了计算时间，提高了计算效率。接着采用 － 湍流模型和 EDC燃烧模型相结合建模，将简化机理用于湍流扩散燃烧中，计算结果合理、可信。由此得出结论：冗余组分去除法和主成分分析法相结合可以对详细机理进行有效的简化，该方法具有较广的适用范围和一定的通用性，有重要的工程应用价值。

关键词：燃烧反应动力学详细机理的简化；冗余组分去除法；主成分分析法；层流预混火焰；湍流扩散燃烧

ABSTRACT

It is important for combustion numerical simulation to efficient and clean combustion,it is

significant for the detailed mechanisms introduced to combustion numerical simulation to research

forming mechanisms of pollutions and transient combustion processes. While detailed mechanisms’

bulky scale make it hardly used to simulate complex engineer combustion，thus it is necessary for us to

reduce the detailed mechanism .

Prediction capacity and size of the reduced mechanisms depend on prediction capacity of detailed

mechanisms and reduction’s methods. Therefore it is needed to confirm a more appropriate methane/air

detailed mechanism and a better method of reduction.

So， three methane/air combustion reactions kinetics detailed mechanisms Gri_Mech3.0、Leeds

and Konnov were simulated in low pressure laminar premixed flames，and results show that prediction

capacity of Gri_Mech3.0 is the best of all. methods of reduction include reduction of species and

reactions， elimination of redundant method needn’t any assumptions , so it is prior to quasi-steady-

state approximation method. Principal component analysis method and global sensitivity analysis

method were respectively used to reduce H2/O2/Ar detailed mechanism and results show that principal

component analysis method can embody relationship of reactions ， thus it is better than global

sensitivity analysis method.

Based on previous analysis ， Gri_Mech3.0 detailed mechanism was reduced by means of

elimination of redundant and the principal component analysis method,then the reduction mechanism is

simulated in laminar premixed flames at different pressure， The results show that the reduction

mechanism can predict the combustion characteristics very well，but also save computation time and

improve efficiency. After that，model is established with － turbulence model and EDC combustion

model， turbulence diffusion combustion is simulated by the reduced mechanism， the results are

reasonable and convictional。These come to the conclusion that combination elimination of redundant

with the principal component analysis is very effective method of reducing reaction mechanisms and

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have important engineer application value.

Key words ： reduction of combustion reaction Kinetics detailed mechanism ； elimination of

redundant;

principal component analysis；laminar premixed flame；turbulence diffusion combustion

论文题目：建筑物室内气流分布的数值模拟—非正交同位网格有限体积法及应用Numerical Simulation of Indoor Airflow Distribution in

Building——Non-orthogonal Colocated Grid FVM Studying and

Applying

研究生姓名：吴 晅 导师姓名：武文斐 教授专　　　业：热能工程摘　要：

建筑室内环境质量正受到越来越多的重视。室内环境质量包括：声环境、光环境、热环境和室内空气质量。这些都会影响建筑物内人员的工作效率和健康状况。因此一直是人们研究的重点问题之一。而运用 CFD技术对室内环境进行模拟预测是一种行之有效、方便快捷的方法，具有重要的意义。本文采用了一较为新异、通用的流动数值模拟方法——非正交同位网格有限体积法。并对其

做了详尽的介绍和分析。该方法基于笛卡儿速度分量和变量同位分布的 SIMPLE算法，可用于结构网格和非结构化网格，不必对控制方程作物理空间到计算空间的变换，算法简明，易于实现。并采用三维强隐算法对代数方程进行求解。本文运用该法在二维程序的基础上自主开发了一套通用三维网格自动生成软件和相应的湍

流流场及温度场计算主程序软件。并与检验算例和相关实验资料进行了对比。说明了简化合理，所建立的数学模型及所编程序正确。本文对一种全新的通风方式——置换通风的工作原理和特性做了详尽的阐述。并与传统的通

风方式——混合通风进行了对比。本文成功的将该算法和开发软件应用于单、双污染热源置换通风系统流场和温度场的模拟和对比分析中。指出室内温度场在垂直方向上存在三个温升层；两者在垂直温度分布上有较大差异；双热源送风参数的计算不能简单按单热源的计算参数进行，应考虑热源分散性的影响。同时还分析了热源间距、热气流温度、房间围护结构以及室外温度变化等因素对多热源置换通风系统流场和温度场及人员舒适性的影响。

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最后模拟计算了三维倾斜空腔驱动流、人字形屋顶房间以及体育馆比赛大厅等复杂外形内的气流分布。结果表明所用算法和所开发的软件可以用于预测建筑室内空调通风环境，为优化设计提供

了一种强有力的分析手段，具有一定的指导意义。

关键词： 数值模拟 同位网格 强隐算法 气流组织 置换通风 体育馆ABSTRACT

Concern has increasingly been expressed over the quality of indoor environments, encompassing

aural environments, lighting environments, thermal environments, and indoor air quality (IAQ). It is

known that the indoor air quality has a significant impact on the health and working efficiency of

persons in the building. As a significant and effective mean, CFD is using to forecast the indoor

environment.

This paper constructs and introduces an up-to-date, general-purpose implicit finite volume method

is ready for structured grids or unstructured grids and needn’t transform the governing equations from

physical space to computational space, so it can be understood and programmed easily. The SIP solver

is used to solve the set of algebraic equations.

In this study, a current three-dimension grid generation program and a computational fluid

dynamics program base on two-dimension program is written and employed. The computational results

are compared with other available numerical results and the related experimental data. They indicated

that the mathematical model is reasonable and the numerical approach is efficient.

A new ventilation fashion — displacement ventilation (DV) is introduced from principle to

characters in detail. Using the program, three-dimensional displacement ventilation system with single

or double heat sources is simulated. Analyses and compares the velocity and temperature distribution of

indoor air about the two cases. Point out that there are three temperature rising layers in vertical, the

vertical temperature distribution is different in the two cases. And the calculation of supply air

parameters in two heat sources system can’t follow the calculating parameters of single heat source

system for the effect of separate heat sources. And analyses influences of different influential factors:

distance between heat sources, temperature of heat sources, heat character of wall and temperature of

outdoor air.

At last, the program is used to simulate airflow distribution in three-dimensional lid-driven cavity

flow, a room with the arc roof and the gymnasium.

The result shows that the numerical method and program is available for these fields, and provide a

strongly analytical means. They have great direction significance for design of construction

environment and estimation of indoor air quality.

Key words: numerical simulation ， colocated grid ， SIP ， airflow pattern ， displacement

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ventilation，gymnasium

论文题目：CSP 辊底加热炉内传热过程数学模型的研究 　 Study on the mathematical model of heat transfer in the Roller

Hearth Type Heating Furnace for the Continuous Casting and Rolling of Thin Plate Blank (CSP)

研究生姓名：杨占春 导师姓名：李义科 教授专　　　业：热能工程摘　要：本研究涉及了应用基础研究范畴和在生产中的实际应用两方面。在高温热工设备中，传热方式以辐射为主。辐射换热数学模型的研究历来受到科技工作者的

重视。迄今为止，应用于工程上较为成熟的辐射模型有段法（Zone method）、流法（Flux

method）、Monte Carlo 法、离散坐标法（Discrete ordinate method）、以及其他各种混合模型（Hybrid model）。离散坐标法具有比段法和蒙特卡洛法较小的计算量，随着坐标离散方向数的不断增加，具有与段法相当的精度。再加上与流场较好的耦合特性，是近些年来发展最快、应用最多的辐射模型。连铸连轧的技术关键，很重要的就在于“连”字。辊底式加热炉具有对高温连铸坯进行再加

热、均热和保温的能力，同时兼具连铸坯的输送和缓冲等功能，较好的解决了连铸和连轧间的众多衔接问题，基本保证了生产稳定和顺利进行。鉴于离散坐标法的优越性和 CSP工艺加热炉的重要性，本文首次将离散坐标法应用于 CSP

工艺加热炉的热过程模拟。论文在第二章对物理模型进行了描述，并进行了合理的简化和假设，在第三章建立了总能

量平衡基础上的炉内热过程数学模型。第四章分别利用离散坐标法求解了辐射传递方程，讲述了导热模型的求解过程，并最终完

成了整个耦合模型的求解，同时，本文对离散坐标法的假散射问题进行了研究，提出了分段积分的离散坐标法，较好地解决了假散射问题。在第五章利用包钢 CSP薄板坯连铸连轧厂的生产数据进行了验证，结果表明，模型假设合

理，建模正确，相应的软件产品可用于相关领域的设计、管理和研究等。

关键词：辐射换热，数学模型，离散坐标法，加热炉

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ABSTRACT

The adequate mathematical simulation of thermal performance is essential to obtaining design and

operating condition information for thermal systems . Heat transfer in high-temperature , directly fired

industrial and metallurgical furnaces mainly depends in radiative heat transfer , the accurate treatment of

thermal radiative heat transfer is critical for mathematical modeling of thermal process .

First , a review of raditive heat transfer and the major events in its mathematical model is presented

. The review includes derivation of the principles of Monte Carlo , discrete ordinates method , etc . The

discrete ordinates method is improved most rapidly and versatile used in engineering thermal systems

recently , its computer cost is less than Zone method and Monte carlo method , and its accurate

corresponds with Zone method with the increase in discrete ordinates , and easy-to-implement for

complex structure , and easy-to-couple with flow .

The Roller Hearth Type Heating Furnace for the Continuous Casting and Rolling of Thin Plate

Blank (CSP) is pivotal.It can hoist and keep the temperature of billet equality,guarantee the technics of

CSP smooth.

Because of the DOM’s merit and the furnace’s important of CSP,the DOM method is first used to

simulate the heat process of the furnaces.

In the secondly chapter , the physical model is described and predigested reasonably,then a

mathematical model is set up in the thirdly chapter. The mathematical model is solved in the forthly

chapter,and the‘divide and rule’Discrete Ordinates Method is brought forward and can solve the fake

scatter problem preferably.

The author accomplished the software at last , it coupled the radiative heat transfer with conductive

heat transfer based on the general energy equation . As a test and application of the software , it

simulated the tunnel-furnace of csp technics . The result accords with the metrical data , and proves that

the software can be used in the field of producing and scientific research .

Key words：radiative heat transfer，mathematical model，discrete ordinates method，furnace

　　　　　　　　　　　　　采矿工程 论文题目：华林矿无底柱分段崩落法大间距结构参数的确定及验证

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Study and Verification of Large Space Structure Parameters of

Non-pillar Sub-lever Caving of Hualin Mine

研究生姓名：陈锋华 导师姓名：郝全明 教授专　　　业：采矿工程摘　要：随着科技的进步和矿山机械设备的巨型化发展，国内外的采场结构都在向大间距结构参数

发展，其结果是大型采掘设备能力得到充分发挥，生产成本大幅度下降。为此，华林矿也考虑采用大间距结构形式来提高矿山的经济效益。虽然，大参数结构形式在国内外矿山已有应用，但是对于具体的大间距采场结构参数的选择还没有一个明确的规定。本论文首先将通过实验逐项改变进路间距和崩矿步距，根据实验结果选择比较合理的大间

距结构参数，从而提高矿山机械设备的利用率，降低矿石开采成本，获得显著的经济效益；然后利用目前比较先进的 BP 神经网络，借助计算机预测矿石损失贫化率，寻求一种更新更精确的技术方法来实现矿石损失贫化率预测，从而选择合理的结构参数，使通过实验确定的采场结构参数更有可靠性，为提高矿山经济效益提供了前提和依据。采用神经网络的有关方法来预测矿石损失贫化率，为矿石损失贫化率的预测提供了一种新

方法和思路，同时也为解决不确定性实验数据处理问题提供了一种新的尝试和手段。

关键词：大间距结构参数 进路间距 崩矿步距 神经网络ABSTRACT

Along with the progress of science and technology and the development toward hugeness of

mining machinery, the mining structures both at home and overseas are developing toward large space

structures, which results in full exertion of the abilities of large mining equipments and largely dropping

of the producing cost. So Hualin Mine is also considering applying the large space structure to raise

economic benefits of the mine. Although the large space structure has already been used in the mines

home and abroad, as to choosing specific parameters of the large space structure of mining fields, there

are not explicit rules yet.

In this paper, first, access space and independent advance of ore breaking were changed

individually and gradually through experiment carried out, and according to the experiment results,

more suitable large space structure parameters were chosen, aimed at increasing the usage efficiency of

mechanical equipments of the mine, decreasing the ore excavating cost, and achieving notable economic

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benefits. Then, in seeking a newer and more accurate technologic method of predicting the rate of ore

loss and dilution, here, using the nowadays much advanced method of back-propagation neural network

and in virtue of the computer, rate of the ore loss and dilution was doped out. Through this method,

reasonable structure parameters were gained, which confirmed reliability of the mining field structure

parameters gained by experiments, thus providing precondition and foundation for increasing economic

benefits of the mine.

Using neural network methods to predict the rate of the ore loss and dilution provides a new

method and way of thinking for predicting rate of the ore loss and dilution, and also provides a new trial

and measure for solving the problem of dealing with data from indeterminate experiments.

Key words:　Large Space Structure Parameters Sub-level Drive 　Interval Neural Network

论文题目：多重分形在岩体抗压强度研究中的应用Application of Multi-fractal in Rock Mass Compressive Strength Study

研究生姓名：赵永峰 导师姓名：张 飞 教授专　　　业：采矿工程摘　要：岩体是经地质作用改造过、由岩块和各种不连续面（节理、裂隙、断层等）所组成，具有一定

结构特征，赋存于一定地质环境中的地质体。岩体与各种重大工程密切相关，了解节理岩体的力学性质可以清楚地掌握岩体破坏规律。但是目前计算岩体抗压强度的众多方法中，实验室试验法存在试件制备较难，存在尺寸效

应，且不具代表性，该法求出的结果一般偏大。现场原位试验耗资巨大，且不易操作，容易对岩体造成扰动。解析法（如有限元法等）即数值计算方法计算过程复杂，而且不易区分节理单元和岩石单元。分形理论作为研究不均匀介质的有力工具，已在岩土工程各个领域有了应用。包头钢铁学院

2003级研究生刘树新曾做过岩体抗压强度与容量维之间关系研究，得出岩体抗压强度与分维数是线性关系。但是作为岩体这种极不规则的研究对象，单一用线性分形的一个维数来表示显然是不够的，如果只考虑节理岩体的节理条数而不考虑节理的分布状况是不能完整表示岩体抗压强度的。本文采用多重分形研究多重分形谱和岩体抗压强度之间的关系，完成节理岩体 Monte-Carlo

模拟，贯通节理的岩体抗压强度有限元计算，多重分形计算等工作。从而通过节理岩体的多重分101

形谱预测岩体抗压强度。

关键词：节理岩体 抗压强度 有限元 多重分形谱ABSTRACT

The rock mass was the geology mass which was reformed by the geology function，and was made

up of rock and all kinds of discontinuity(joint ， cranny， fault etc.)， had the certain structure

characteristic and indwelled certain geology environment. The rock mass is closely related with various

important engineering.

Only when the mechanics property of the joint rock mass was understood, You can just mastery the

failure regulation of the rock mass clearly, But in current numerous methods that counting the rock mass

anti- press strength, the method laboratory experiments exist many problem such as the difficulty of the

sample preparing, existing the size effect, not having representation, result leaning bigness current. The

original position experiments in locale cost huge, operating troublesome and disturbing the rock mass

easily. The calculated process of the analytic method such as finite elements are complicated, and can

not easily distinct joint element and rock element.

The powerful tool fractal method which used to study the asymmetric medium has been applied in

each realm of rock soil engineering. The relation between the rock mass anti-press strength and the

capacity fractal dimension has been studied by LiuShuxin the post-graduated of BaoTou iron and steel

college. He got a result that it was a linear relation between rock mass anti-press strength and the fractal

dimension. But it is not insufficient which we only use one fractal dimension of linear fractal to figure

the rock mass this kind of very irregular researching object. If we only think over the joints' amount of

rock mass and do not consider the distributing status of joint, we can not figure the anti-press strength of

rock mass perfectly.

We study the relation between the multi-fractal spectrum and the compressive strength of jointed

rock mass in the literary using multi-fractal method. I will accomplish Monte-Carlo simulation of rock

mass, calculate the rock mass anti-press strength of through joint rock mass using the finite element

method and calculate the multi-fractal spectrum. We can forecast the rock mass anti-press strength from

the multi-fractal spectrum. This is the target of my study.

Key words： Jointed rock mass Compressive strength Finite elements Multi-fractal spectrum

论文题目：基于人工神经网络的爆破效果预测研究102

　 Researches on Prediction of Blasting Effects Based on 　 Artificial Neural Network

研究生姓名：章海象 导师姓名：袁绍国 教授专　　　业：采矿工程摘　要：爆破技术在采矿、水利、交通等领域都已经得到了广泛的应用， 爆破效果影响着生产过程中

的铲装、运输等后续工序的效率和总的经济效益，此外爆破作业对爆破源附近的建筑物、人员及其他设施的安全构成一定的威胁。大量的理论研究和长期的爆破实践表明，尽管实际工程中因条件、环境等的差异而产生不同的爆破效果，但这些效果同相应的爆破参数、炸药性能、岩土性质等有着内在的联系，在客观上存在一定程度的规律性。而了解、描述这种隐含的规律性，并完成爆破经验的积累和升华就是爆破工作所面对的重要课题。论文在综述爆破效果预测方法的基础之上，将人工神经网络模型应用于爆破效果预测分析

之中；并且将人工神经网络 BP模型与模糊理论相结合，应用于爆破效果预测研究。其目的旨在充分利用人工神经网络具有的自学习、自适应、自组织和非线形动力学特性以及利用模糊理论具有的不确定性分析、多因素分析等特点，建立爆破效果预测模型。论文介绍了爆破效果预测研究的意义，并就爆破效果预测研究存在的问题进行了简单的讨

论；介绍了人工神经网络 BP模型结构、学习算法，同时简要介绍了模糊数学理论的指标确定、指标等级、隶属函数等内容。在爆破效果研究中建立了爆破效果预测的BP 神经网络模型，并将模糊理论与人工神经网络技术相结合，建立了爆破效果预测的模糊神经网络模型，并用实例验证了两种预测模型的适用性和正确性，为爆破效果的预测提供了一种新方法。

关键词：爆破效果预测 影响因素 BP 网络 模糊神经网络ABSTRACT

Blasting has been widely used in mining、water conservancy、traffic and other fields。Blasting

effects have an impact on the efficiency of the subsequent procedures such as loading、hauling etc and

the whole economic benefit，furthermore，blasting threatens the safty of the constructure、persons and

other facilities near the site of blasting to some extent。A lot of theoretical study and long range blasting

practice show that blasting effects have a internal linkage with corresponding blasting parameter 、the

capacity of explosive and the character of rock and soil ， there is some regular pattern objectively

although the blasting effects are different because of the difference between condition and circumstance

in practical projects。Understanding and describing such cryptic regularity 、accumulating blasting

experience and upgrading blasting level are an important task for all blasting technicians。103

Based on reviews of prediction methods of blasting effects， the thesis applies artificial neural

network (ANN) model to prediction and analysis of blasting effects。 Furthermore ， the thesis

combines ANN with Fuzzy and applies it to prediction of blasting effects。 The thesis is aimed at

establishing intelligent model for prediction of blasting effects ， while making full use of the

characters of ANN including self-study、self-adaptive、 self-organization and non-liner dynamics， and

features of Fuzzy including uncertain analysis and multi-factor analysis。This thesis consists of an introduction to the significance of the study on prediction of blasting

effects and a brief discussion on problems and development direction of it。Meanwhile it dissertate the

structure and learning algorithm of ANN BP model ， with a brief presentation of the target

determination， target grade and subordination function of Fuzzy as well。 In the study of blasting

effects， the thesis sets up models of BP neural network for prediction of blasting effects and by

adopting a new method to combine fuzzy with ANN technology， it sets up models of fuzzy neural

network for prediction of blasting effects。And with the exemplification of applicability and validity of

the prediction models，we provide a new method for the prediction of the blasting effects。

Key words：Prediction of blasting effects Influential factors BP neural Network Fuzzy neural

Network

论文题目：矿业权评估计算机管理系统分析与设计 　 Mine Rights Evaluation MIS Analysis and Design

研究生姓名：郑邦东 导师姓名：张金山 教授专　　　业：采矿工程摘　要：随着我国矿业权市场的开放，近年来，我国矿业权流转活动日渐频繁，市场发展迅速。顺应

当前矿业权评估工作的需要，矿业权评估软件应运而生。如何建立更加高效、实用的工作平台，对矿业权交换价值做出更加客观、科学、公允的评价已成为当务之急。本课题即基于此目的，提出了矿业权评估管理信息系统的设计方案，此系统除能完成评估项目信息的录入、分析、存储、计算等功能外，还能在最后自动生成Word评估报告和 Excel评估报表。论文首先介绍了矿业权评估软件的发展状况，阐述了课题的提出背景和必要性，然后分析

了矿业权评估价值的意义，研究比较了国内外的矿业权评估方法。在此基础上根据我国矿业权评估的特点及实践中存在的问题，进行了详细的系统分析，设计完成了矿业权评估管理信息系统

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的总体构架、子系统功能等。最后运用Visual Basic以及VBA,开发完成了系统的主体框架和各功能子系统，包括：知识库维护子系统、模板库维护子系统、参数维护子系统、各项目数据管理子系统、报表报告子系统和项目库维护子系统、系统帮助子系统。由于系统开发工作量太大，评估方法较多，目前系统只完成了收益法和贴现现金流量法的

开发，经实例测试所生成的Word评估报告和 Excel评估报表基本符合评估实际项目的需要。由此说明本矿业权评估管理信息系统所提出的自动生成Word评估报告和 Excel评估报表的设想具有良好的实用性，解决了实际问题。系统彻底完成后，可直接用于商用评估系统。

关键词：管理信息系统、矿业权评估ABSTRACT

These years ,with the opening of Chinese mine rights market ,mine rights business are being dealt

more and more frequently and it is developing very quickly .To make the mine rights evaluation work

easier ,mine right evaluation software appear .And it has been urgent affair to establish more efficient

and practical computer work flat to make objective、scientific and fair evaluation .This subject is based

on this purpose ,brings forward mine rights evaluation MIS project plan ,it not only can complete

information input、analyze、store、calculate and so on ,but also can auto generate Word evaluate report

and Excel evaluate table at last.

The paper first introduces mine right evaluation software development status and the subject

background ,and then analyzes mine rights value、 researches and compares mine rights evaluation

methods in China and other countries .According to the character of China mine rights evaluation and

some problems in practice, I designed the whole frame and subsystem of the mine rights MIS. Finally ,I

complete the main program and all the subsystem: repository subsystem 、 template

subsystem、parameter subsystem、subject info management subsystem、report and table management

subsystem、subject warehouse subsystem and help subsystem .

Because there are too many programs to white, evaluation methods can’t be done all .Now I only

completed the part of profit method and DCF method . By a example test, the auto generated Word

evaluate report and Excel evaluate table accord with real subject require. It indicate that the conceive to

auto generate Word evaluate report and Excel evaluate table in this mine rights evaluation MIS has good

practicability, settled the fact problem. After be accomplished entirely, this system can be used in

business directly.

Key words：MIS Mine rights evaluation

论文题目：既有建筑物下水平冻结冻胀融沉控制技术研究105

The Research on Technologies of Frost heave and Thaw Settlement

Controlling for Artificial Ground Freezing Horizontally Underneath Large Architectures

研究生姓名：陆 路 导师姓名：杨永新 教授专　　　业：采矿工程摘　要：随着上海城市建设和地下工程的发展，地下工程施工难度不断增加、地质条件更加复杂、环

境保护要求越来越高等因素的影响，冻结法已广泛地应用于上海地铁建设等重要工程的施工，而上体场穿越段工程是我国首次垂直换乘的地铁站。本文针对工程的特殊性和重要性，对上体场四层土进行了低温特性试验；对上体场穿越段冻结施工法进行了模型试验和工程应用研究；以冻胀控制为目的，研究了在连续控温冻结模式下土体的温度场和冻胀的变化规律，根据现场的实测数据对冻结效果进行分析，验证了改变温度模式可抑制冻胀的思想。本论文是结合上体场车站穿越段工程进行研究，研究的内容直接服务于工程，研究结果已为工程所验证，并对今后上海类似的工程提供参考价值。关键词：人工冻土 冻胀 温度模式ABSTRACT

With the development of city underground engineering in Shanghai, the geological condition

becomes more complex, and the protection request becomes stricter, which impel the artificial ground

freezing method broadly applied in connecting passages of Shanghai metro system. The Shanghai

stadium cross-over engineering is the first one that has grade separation structure station in our

country.For the particularity and importance of the engineering,Shanghai stadium the 4th layer soil

behaviors at low temperature have been tested, the similitude model testing for freezing method of

connecting passage of Shanghai stadium cross-over engineering has been carried out and the

engineering applications of the results of the model testing have been used in the grade separation

structure. With the purpose of controling frost heave,laws of the temperature field and frost heave under

the continuous temperature control mode were studied in this thesis,and the freezing effect were

analysed based on the datum surveyed in site, which validated the thought that frost heave can be

controlled by changing freezing mode.Combining with the engineering, the main studies and

conclusions of the paper have been validated in the engineering practice. We expect that the conclusions

will have reference value to the similar engineering of Shanghai in future.

Key words: artificial frozen soil frost heave experimental study

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