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Ffeil-o-iaith Blwyddyn 9

Ysgol Uwchradd Llanilltud Fawr

Ffeil-o-iaithBlwyddyn 9

Enw

Dosbarth

Athro

Cynnwys

tudalenYr Wyddor The Welsh Alphabet 3Cipddarllen Skimming 3Geiriau allweddol Key words 4Cenedl enwau Gender of nouns 5Treigladau Mutations 6-7Cwestiynau Questions 8Ateb cwestiynau Answering questions 8

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Mathau o iaith Types of language 9Idiomau Idioms 10Defnyddio geiriadur Using a dictionary 11Yr Amser Presennol The Present Tense 12Yr Amser Perffaith The Perfect Tense 12Yr Amser Gorffennol The Past Tense 13Yr Amser Amherffaith The Imperfect Tense 14Yr Amser Dyfodol The Future Tense 14-15Yr Amser Amodol The Conditional Tense 15Rhifau Numbers 16Dyddiau Days 17Misoedd Months 17Lliwiau Colours 17Cysyllteiriau Connectives 17Iaith sgwrs Conversation vocabulary 18Amser Time 18Barn Opinion 19Pynciau Subjects 20Swyddi Jobs 21Yr Amgylchedd The Environment 21Geirfa Vocabulary 22

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Yr Wyddor

Cofiwch yr Wyddor Gymraeg:

aaa

bbuh

ckuh

chechh

dduh

ddth

eeh

fvuh

fffuh

gguh

ngung

hhuh

iee

jjuh

lluh

llell

mmuh

nnuh

oor

ppuh

phfuh

rruh

rhrrrh

sss

ttuh

thth

uee

woo

yuh

Cofiwch: letters always sound the same way in Welsh, Welsh is a phonetic

language; there are 29 letters in the Welsh alphabet; there are 8 double letters in Welsh; there are 7 vowels in Welsh: a e i o u w y.

Cipddarllen - Skimming

When you first look at a reading text Cipddarllen (skim) in order to get the gist of what it is all about.

Look for the cliwiau: • first identify words or phrases which are easy to understand• capital letters within a sentence • question marks • say the words out loud – what do they sound like? • speech marks• numbers• new paragraph • identify the person: I? He? She?• spot negatives: they always include ‘ddim’• spot different tenses

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Geiriau allweddol – Key words

Geiriau allweddol (Key words) are words which are very important to know and use. They crop up very often and can cause confusion if you don’t know them!

a/ac and hoff favouriteachos because hoffi to likeanghytuno to disagree i tobyw to live iawn very/okCaerdydd Cardiff llyfr bookCymraeg Welsh mae isCymru Wales meddwl to thinkcytuno to agree neu orchwarae to play ond butdw i I pawb everybodyddim not pobl peopleenw name Saesneg Englishfi me wedi have (done something)felly so/therefore wedyn thenffrind/iau friend/s y /yr /’r thegwaith work ydy isgwneud to do/make yn ingyda with yn part of the verbhefyd also

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Cenedl Enwau – Gender of Nouns

• Yn Gymraeg every enw has a gender.• An enw is either masculine or feminine, or sometimes both.

After y or ‘r (the) a feminine noun has a Treiglad Meddal:

merch Y ferchmenyw Y fenywcadair Y gadairgwobr Y wobrcerdd Y gerddpêl Y bêltref Y dref

If there is an adjective after a feminine noun the adjective has a Treiglad Meddal:

merch fawr menyw ddoniol cadair fach gwobr bert cerdd dwp pêl goch tref brysur

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Treigladau - Mutations

Cofiwch some of the most common reasons for a treiglad:

Treiglad Meddal (TM)

• After dy (your)• After ei (his)• After dau/dwy (2)• An adjective after yn• After i (to)• After o (of/from)• A feminine noun after y (the)• An adjective after a feminine noun

Treiglad Trwynol (TT)

• After fy (my)• After yn (in)

Treiglad Llaes (TLl)

• After a (and)• After gyda (with)• After ei (her)

Treigladau ar ôl rhagenwau meddiannol – Mutations after possessive pronouns

fy my + TTdy your (singular) + TMei his + TMei her + TLl

ein our no mutationeich your (plural/polite) no mutationeu their no mutation

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Treigladau –Mutations

TM: The Treiglad Meddal affects 9 letters:

original letter changes to:

t dc gp bb fd ddg -m frh rll l

TT: The Treiglad Trwynol affects 6 letters:


t nhc nghp mhb md ng ng

TLl: The Treiglad Llaes affects 3 letters:


t thc chp ph

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Cwestiynau

Pwy? Who? Sut? How? Ble? Where? Beth? What? Pam? Why? Pa? Which? Pa fath o ...? What kind of ...? Pryd? When? Faint? How much? Faint o’r gloch? What time? Sawl ...? (+ singular) How many ...? Faint o ...? (+ plural) How many ...?

Ateb cwestiynau – Answering questions

Remember that when you are asked a question it is very important to listen carefully to the first word so that you know what type of answer to give.

Er enghraifft, if a question starts with:

‘Pwy ...?’ You will know that the answer will be a name; ‘Ble ...?’ You will know that the answer will be a place; ‘Beth ...?’ You will know that the answer will be a thing.

Yes and NoYn Gymraeg the words for Yes or No change according to the wording of the question.

1st word of question

Yes No

Wyt ? Ydw Nac ydwYdy ? Ydy Nac ydyOes ? Oes Nac oesHoffet ? Hoffwn Na hoffwnFaset ? Baswn Na faswnHoffai ? Hoffai Na hoffaiFwytaist ?(any question in the Past Tense)

Do Naddo

Oeddet ? Oeddwn Nac oeddwnOedd ? Oedd Nac oeddFyddi ? Byddaf Na fyddaf

Mathau o iaith – Types of language

We learn standard Welsh (Cymraeg safonol) but lots of people speak Welsh in a dialect (tafodiaith).

There can be different ways of saying something:

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• Mae gen i un chwaer. = Mae un chwaer gyda fi.• Sa i’n gwybod. / Dwn i ddim. = Dw i ddim yn gwybod• Rydw i’n 15 oed. / Rwy’n 15 oed. = Dw i’n 15 oed.

and different words:

tafodiaith safonol tafodiaith safonol

cacen teisen licio/lico hoffidallt deall llefrith llaethdwe ddoe moyn eisiauefo gyda nain mam-gufferins / da da losin rwan nawrhogyn / crwt bachgen sbio edrychhogan / roces merch sboner / wejen cariadjoio mwynhau taid tad-cu

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IdiomauIdiomau are phrases which do not literally mean what they say. Usually idiomau cannot be literally translated from one language to another.

Using idiomau Cymraeg will help make your siarad and your ysgrifennu more interesting. Using idiomau is very important for achieving Lefel 7.

Here are some idiomau:

a dweud y gwir to be honest fel arfer usuallyar ddiwedd y dydd at the end of the day gwenu o glust i glust smiling from ear to

earar hyn o bryd at the moment gwneud fy ngorau

glasto do my very best

ar y cyfan on the whole heb os nac onibai without a doubtar y llaw arall on the other hand hyd yn hyn until nowbeth bynnag whatever mae’n debyg apparentlybob amser always mae’n hen bryd it’s about timecodi ofn ar to scare mae’n well gyda fi I prefercyn bo hir before long man a man might as wellcyn gynted â phosibl as soon as possible pwyso a mesur to weigh updal ati stick at it siwr o fod probablydiolch byth thank goodness trwy’r amser all the timedros ben extremely wrth gwrs of coursedw i wrth fy modd gyda

I really enjoy yma ac acw here and there

does dim ots it doesn’t matter yn awr ac yn y man now and againerbyn hyn by now

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Defnyddio geiriadur – Using a dictionary

These abbreviations are used to show the types of words:

v verb mf masculine or feminine nounadj adjective fm feminine or masculine nounf feminine noun NW North Wales versionm masculine noun SW South Wales version

After a noun the geiriadur will also show you how to form the lluosog (plural). For example: hat = het/-iau. This tells us that the word for hat yn Gymraeg is ‘het’ and the word for ‘hats’ is ‘hetiau’.

There are various dictionaries available to you:

The Welsh Learner’s Dictionary

This is easy to use and has been compiled specifically for people learning Welsh.

Ap Geiriaduron

This app is free to download and is easy to sue. It has a very large vocabulary.

BBC Wales Welsh dictionary

This dictionary is online at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/welshdictionary/en-cy/

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/welshdictionary/en-cy/


Yr Amser Presennol – The Present Tense

Dw i I / I’m Rydyn ni We / We’reRwyt ti You / You’re (singular) Rydych chi You / You’re (plural or polite)Mae e He / He’s Maen nhw They / They’reMae hi She / She’sMae Jack Jack / Jack’s

Negyddol – Negative:

Dw i ddim I’m not / I don’t Dydyn ni ddim We’re not / We don’tDwyt ti ddim You’re not / You don’t Dydych chi ddim You’re not / You don’tDydy e ddim He’s not / He doesn’t Dydyn nhw ddim They’re not / They

don’tDydy hi ddim She’s not / She doesn’tDydy Jack ddim Jack’s not / Jack doesn’t

Yr Amser Perffaith – The Perfect Tense

The Perfect Tense is used when talking about something you have done.

e.e. Dw i wedi gwneud te. I’ve made tea.Dw i wedi gorffen. I’ve finished

Dw i wedi I have Rydyn ni wedi We haveRwyt ti wedi You have Rydych chi wedi You haveMae e wedi He has Maen nhw wedi They haveMae hi wedi She hasMae Jack wedi Jack has

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Yr Amser Gorffennol – The Past Tense

Berfau Rheolaidd – Regular Verbs

To form the ‘stem’ of the verb remove 1 vowel (a, e, i, o, u, w, y) or ‘eg’ or ‘ed’ from the end of the verb.

To the stem add the correct ending:

ais i I on ni Weaist ti You (singular) och chi Youodd e He on nhw Theyodd hi Sheodd Jack Jack

Berfau Afreolaidd – Irregular Verbs

There are 4 Irregular Verbs which do not follow the usual pattern:

mynd to go dod to come gwneud to do/to make cael to get

mynd(to go)

dod(to come)

gwneud(to do/make)

cael(to get/have)

I es i des i gwnes i ces iYou est ti dest ti gwnest ti cest tiHe aeth e daeth e gwnaeth e cafodd eShe aeth hi daeth hi gwnaeth hi cafodd hiJack aeth Jack daeth Jack gwnaeth Jack cafodd Jack

We aethon ni daethon ni gwnaethon ni cawson niYou aethoch chi daethoch chi gwnaethoch

chicawsoch chi

They aethon nhw daethon nhw gwnaethon nhw

cawson nhw

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Yr Amser Amherffaith – The Imperfect Tense

Roeddwn i I was Roedden ni We wereRoeddet ti You were (singular) Roeddech chi You were(plural or polite)Roedd e He was Roedden nhw They wereRoedd hi She wasRoedd Jack Jack was

Negyddol:

Doeddwn i ddim I wasn’t Doedden ni ddim We weren’tDoeddet ti ddim You weren’t Doeddech chi

ddimYou weren’t

Doedd e ddim He wasn’t Doedden nhw ddim

They weren’t

Doedd hi ddim She wasn’tDoedd Jack ddim Jack wasn’t

Yr Amser Dyfodol – The Future Tense

Bydda i I will Byddwn ni We willByddi di You will Byddwch chi You willBydd e He will Byddan nhw They willBydd hi She willBydd Jack Jack will

Negyddol:

Fydda i ddim I won’t Fyddwn ni ddim We won’tFyddi di ddim You won’t Fyddwch chi ddim You won’tFydd e ddim He won’t Fyddan nhw ddim They won’tFydd hi ddim She won’tFydd Jack ddim Jack won’t

Ffurf gryno - Short form

Berfau rheolaidd – Regular verbs

To the stem of the verb add the correct ending:

a i I wn ni Wei di You (singular) wch chi Youiff e He an nhw Theyiff hi Sheiff Jack Jack

Berfau afreolaidd – Irregular verbs:

mynd(to go)

dod(to come)

gwneud(to do/make)

cael(to get/have)

I â i do i gwna i ca iYou ei di doi di gwnei di cei di

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He aiff e daw e gwnaiff e caiff eShe aiff hi daw hi gwnaiff hi caiff hiJack aiff Jack daw Jack gwnaiff Jack caiff Jack

We awn ni down ni gwnawn ni cawn niYou ewch chi dewch chi gwnewch chi cewch chiThey ân nhw dôn nhw gwnân nhw cân nhw

Yr Amser Amodol – The Conditional Tense

Baswn i I would Basen ni We wouldBaset ti You would Basech chi You wouldBasai He would Basen nhw They wouldBasai hi She wouldBasai Jack Jack would

Negyddol:

Faswn i ddim I wouldn’t Fasen ni ddim We wouldn’tFaset ti ddim You wouldn’t Fasech chi ddim You wouldn’tFasai e ddim He wouldn’t Fasen nhw ddim They wouldn’tFasai hi ddim She wouldn’tFasai Jack ddim Jack wouldn’t

Berfau eraill yn yr Amser Amodol - Other verbs in the Conditional Tense:

HOFFIHoffwn i I’d like Hoffen ni We’d likeHoffet ti You’d like Hoffech chi You’d likeHoffai e/hi/Jack He/She/Jack would like Hoffen nhw They’d likeGALLUGallwn i I could Gallen ni We couldGallet ti You could Gallech chi You couldGallai e/hi/Jack He/She/Jack could Gallen nhw They could

Dylwn i I should Dylen ni We shouldDylet ti You should Dylech chi You shouldDylai e/hi/Jack He/She/Jack should Dylen nhw They should

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Rhifau0 dim 21 dau ddeg un1 un 22 dau ddeg dau2 dau 23 dau ddeg tri3 tri 24 dau ddeg pedwar4 pedwar 25 dau ddeg pump5 pump 26 dau ddeg chwech6 chwech 27 dau ddeg saith7 saith 28 dau ddeg wyth8 wyth 29 dau ddeg naw9 naw 30 tri deg10 deg 40 pedwar deg11 un deg un 50 pum deg12 un deg dau 60 chwe deg13 un deg tri 70 saith deg14 un deg pedwar 80 wyth deg15 un deg pump 90 naw deg16 un deg chwech 100 cant17 un deg saith18 un deg wyth 1 000 mil19 un deg naw20 dau ddeg 1 000

000miliwn

Rhifau Traddodiadol - Traditional Numbers

11 un ar ddeg 31 un ar ddeg ar hugain12 deuddeg 32 deuddeg ar hugain13 tri ar ddeg 33 tri ar ddeg ar hugain14 pedwar ar ddeg 34 pedwar ar ddeg ar hugain15 pymtheg 35 pymtheg ar hugain16 un ar bymtheg 36 un ar bymtheg ar hugain17 dau ar bymtheg 37 dau ar bymtheg ar hugain18 deunaw 38 deunaw ar hugain19 pedwar ar bymtheg 39 pedwar ar bymtheg ar hugain20 ugain 40 deugain21 un ar hugain 50 hanner cant22 dau ar hugain 60 trigain23 tri ar hugain 70 deg ar drigain24 pedwar ar hugain 80 pedwar ugain25 pump ar hugain 90 deg ar bedwar ugain26 chwech ar hugain 100 cant27 saith ar hugain28 wyth ar hugain29 naw ar hugain30 deg ar hugain

Dyddiau’r Wythnos - Days of the week Misoedd - Months

Dydd Llun MondayDydd Mawrth Tuesday

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Dydd Mercher Wednesday

Dydd Iau ThursdayDydd Gwener Friday

Dydd Sadwrn SaturdayDydd Sul Sunday

Lliwiau - Colours

coch redglas bluemelyn yellow

oren orangegwyrdd greenporffor purplepinc pinkbrown browndu blackgwyn whitellwyd grey

arian silveraur gold

Cysyllteiriau – Connectives

a/ac and heb without trwy throughachos because hyn this tua approximatel

yam about i to wedyn thenar on mewn in a weithiau sometimesar ôl after nesaf next yma here

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Ionawr JanuaryChwefror FebruaryMawrth MarchEbrill AprilMai MayMehefin JuneGorffennaf JulyAwst AugustMedi SeptemberHydref OctoberTachwedd NovemberRhagfyr December


bob every neu or yn inbod that o from yna therecyn before o dan under yn aml oftendros over ond but yn anffodus unfortunatel

yefallai perhaps os if yn arbennig especiallyer enghraifft for example rhwng between yn enwedig particularlyfel such as sef which is yn ffodus fortunatelyfelly so/therefore siŵr o fod probably yn rheolaidd regularlygyda with tan until

Iaith Sgwrs – Conversation Vocabulary

Helo Hello Lwcus! Lucky!Shwmae Hiya Esgusodwch fi Excuse meSut wyt ti? How are you? Dw i ddim yn deall I don’t understandA ti? And you? Dw i ddim yn

gwybodI don’t know

Beth amdanat ti?

What about you? Beth rwyt ti’n feddwl?

What do you think?

A fi And me Dw i’n meddwl I thinkFi hefyd Me too Yn fy marn i In my opinionIawn OK Dw i’n credu I believeos gwewlch yn dda

please Dw i’n siŵr I’m sure

Diolch Thanks Dw i’n teimlo I feelCroeso You’re welcome Wyt ti’n cytuno? Do you agree?Dim problem No problem Dw i’n cytuno I agreeWir? Really? Dw i’n anghytuno I disagreeWel Well Hwyl ByeO na! O no! Wela i di See you

Amser – Time

Faint o’r gloch ydy hi? Mae hi’n ... It’s ...

1.00 un o’r gloch

1.05 bum munud wedi un1.10 ddeng munud wedi un1.15 chwarter wedi un

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1.20 ugain munud wedi un1.25 bum munud ar hugain wedi un1.30 hanner awr wedi un1.35 bum munud ar hugain i ddau1.40 ugain munud i ddau1.45 chwarter i ddau1.50 ddeng munud i ddau1.55 bum munud i ddau2.00 ddau o’r gloch

12:00 hanner dydd00:00 hanner nos

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Barn – Opinion

You can give your opinion on anything as a statement or in an answer to the question:

Beth rwyt ti’n feddwl am …?

e.e. Beth rwyt ti’n feddwl am yr ysgol?Beth rwyt ti’n feddwl am Gaerdydd?Beth rwyt ti’n feddwl am Doctor Who?

Your opinion will have 3 parts:

Dw i’n meddwl

the correct one of these:

fy mod i’n that I am ein bod ni’n that we aredy fod di’n that you are eich bod chi’n that you areei fod e’n that he is eu bod nhw’n that they areei bod hi’n that she isbod Jack yn that Jack is

ansoddair (adjective) to give your opinion. Er enghraifft:* After ‘n or yn there is a Treiglad Meddal (Soft Mutation) so these adjectives have been mutated already for you!

anhygoel amazing gas nastyardderchog excellent gyffrous excitingbert pretty hael generouscŵl cool hapus happydrist sad hwyl fundwp stupid hyfryd lovelydda good iawn okddel cute llym strictddiddorol interesting neis niceddiflas boring ofnadwy awfulddoniol funny olygus handsomeddrwg bad salw uglyfendigedig wonderful swil shygaredig kind wych great

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Pynciau – Subjects

Adeiladu Construction Gofal Plant Child careAddysg Grefyddol R.E. Graffeg GraphicsAlmaeneg German Gwasanaethau

CyhoeddusPublic Services

Arlwyo Catering Gwyddoniaeth ScienceAstudiaethau Busnes Business Studies Gwleidyddiaeth PoliticsAstudiaethau Cyfryngau

Media Studies Hanes History

Astudiaethau Ffilm Film Studies Iechyd a Gofal Cymdeithasol

Health and Social Care

Athroniaeth Philosophy Lletygarwch HospitalityBioleg Biology Mathemateg MathsCelf Art Moduron AutomotiveCemeg Chemistry Saesneg EnglishCerddoriaeth Music - iaith - languageClasuron Classics - llên - literatureCymdeithaseg Sociology Sbaeneg SpanishCymraeg Welsh Seicoleg PsychologyDaeareg Geology Tecstiliau TextilesDaearyddiaeth Geography Technoleg Cerdd Music TechnologyDefnyddiau Gwrthiannol

Resistant Materials

Technoleg Bwyd Food Technology

Drama Drama Technoleg Gwybodaeth ICTDylunio a Thechnoleg Design &

TechnologyTeithio a Thwristiaeth Travel & Tourism

Dylunio Cynhyrchion Product Design Trin Gwallt HairdressingEconomeg Economics Y Gyfraith LawFfiseg Physics Ymarfer Corff P.E.Ffrangeg French

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Swyddi – Jobs

actor actor llyfrgellydd librarianadeiladwr builder mecanydd mechanicathro / athrawes teacher (m/f) meddyg doctorawdur author milfeddyg vetbargyfreithiwr barrister myfyriwr studentcanwr singer newyddiadurwr journalistcogydd cook nyrs nursecyfieithydd translator optegydd opticiancyfreithiwr solicitor parameddyg paramediccyfrifydd accountant peilot pilotdeintydd dentist peiriannydd engineerderbynnydd receptionist pensaer architectdylunydd designer plymar plumberffermwr farmer postmon/es postman/womanffotograffydd photographer saer carpentergofalwr carer siopwr shopkeeperglanhawr cleaner swyddog tân fire officergweinyddwr administrator trinydd gwallt hairdressergwleidydd politician trydanwr electriciangyrrwr driver therapydd therapistheddwas police officer ysgrifennydd secretary

Yr Amgylchedd – The Environment

adar birds llygredd pollutionafon/ydd river/s môr seaailgylchu recycling mŵg smokeamgen alternative mynydd/oedd mountain/sanifeiliaid animals nant / nentydd stream/sawyr air nwy gasbin/iau bin/s olew oilbrwnt dirty peryglu endangerbryn/iau hill/s pobl peoplecefn gwlad countryside problemau problemscynhesu byd eang global warming pysgod fishdinas/oedd city/cities sbwriel rubbishdŵr water tanwydd fuelsfandaliaeth vandalism traeth/au beach/esglân clean tref/i town/sgwastraff waste trydan electricityhinsawdd climate ynni energy

Geirfa

Ysgrifennwch eiriau newydd yn Gymraeg yma:

Cymraeg Saesneg Cymraeg Saesneg

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