vad&1 · eas ifjorZu dk vkns'k dj ns (vuqPNsn 354) ,sls vkns'k dks laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k...

vad&1

ekpZ 2019

fo"k; lwph

1ekpZ 2019 A vad&1

lelkef;dh : Perfect 7

lkr egRoiw.kZ eqís

1- vkikrdky izkoèkku % vafre fodYi] u fd izFke

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr MksukYM Vªai us vesfjdk esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA mUgksaus dgk gS fd ;g dne blfy, mBk;k x;k gS rkfd eSfDldks ls voSèk vkoztdksa] vijkfèk;ksa rFkk eknd rLdjksa ls ns'k dks cpk;k tk ldsA KkrO; gS fd vesfjdk esa jk"Vªifr pquko izpkj ds nkSjku MksukYM Vªai us ns'k dh lqj{kk ds fy, vesfjdk vkSj eSfDldks ds chp ,d nhokj cukus dk oknk fd;k FkkA gkyk¡fd ;g igyh ckj ugha gS fd vesfjdk esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky yxk gS] blls igys tkWtZ MCY;w cq'k us 13 vkSj cjkd vksckek us 12 vkikrdky ?kksf"kr fd, FksA

ifjp;

vkikrdkyhu 'kCn ls vfHkizk; ,slh fLFkfr ls gS ftlesa vkdfLed] rRdky ,oa vkerkSj ij vizR;kf'kr ?kVuk rFkk fLFkfr ls fuiVus ds fy, rRdky dkjZokbZ dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vkikrdkyhu izkoèkku izR;sd laizHkq jkT; dks ;g vfèkdkj nsrk gS fd og vius jkT; dh ,drk] v[k.Mrk dks vNq..k cuk, j[kus ds fy, bldk bLrseky dj ldrk gSA orZeku le; esa 'kk;n gh ,slk dksbZ vkèkqfud lafoèkku gS] tks ladV ds le; vius ns'k esa vkikrdky u yxkrk gksA bl izdkj vkikrdkyhu izkoèkku ds varxZr vusd 'kfDr;k¡ dk;Zikfydk@jk"Vªifr esa fufgr gks tkrh gSaA vkikrdky dh 'kfDr lHkh ekuoh; xfrfofèk;ksa ij ljdkjh fu;eksa@dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus dk vfèkdkj iznku djrh gSA

fo'o ds lHkh ns'kksa esa vkikrdkyhu dkuwu yxHkx ,dleku gSa] ftu ns'kksa ds lafoèkkuksa us Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dks izHkkfor fd;k gS] muesa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] fczVsu] vk;jyS.M] dukMk bR;kfn izeq[k gSaA gkyk¡fd Hkkjr esa vkikrdky ds izkoèkku teZuh ds lafoèkku ls fy, x, gSaA

vesfjdk esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky ds izkoèkku

vesfjdh lafoèkku esa jk"Vªifr dks Li"V :i ls dgha Hkh vkikrdkyhu ?kks"k.kk dh 'kfDr ugha nh x;h gSaA bldk nk;jk dqN gn rd lhfer gSA vkerkSj ij ;g dsoy mu fLFkfr;ksa esa yk;k tkrk gS tc ekeyk turk dh lqj{kk ;k HkykbZ dk gksA

;|fi vesfjdk esa 1974 ds jk"Vªh; vkikr vfèkfu;e ds rgr crk;k x;k gS fd dSls vesfjdh jk"Vªifr ladV ds nkSjku viuh fo'ks"k oSèkkfud 'kfDr dk bLrseky dj ldrk gSA 1974 ds jk"Vªh; vkikr vfèkfu;e ds rgr igyh jk"Vªh; vkikr dh ?kks"k.kk bZjku ladV ds nkSjku dh xbZ Fkh] tks orZeku esa Hkh lfØ; gSA KkrO; gS fd fons'kh izokl ij yxke yxkus ds mís'; ls vesfjdh dkaxzsl us jk"Vªh; vkikrdky vfèkfu;e 1976 esa ikfjr fd;k FkkA

varjkZ"Vªh; vkikrdkyhu vkfFkZd 'kfDr vfèkfu;e (The International Emergency

Economic Power Act- IEEPA) 1977 esa ikfjr fd;k x;kA ;g dkuwu vesfjdh jk"Vªifr dks fdlh Hkh vlkekU; vkSj vlkèkkj.k [krjs ls fuiVus ds lkFk&lkFk jk"Vªh; lqj{kk] fons'k uhfr vFkok vFkZO;oLFkk ls lacafèkr ekeys pkgs ckgjh rkSj ij gks ;k vkarfjd rkSj ij jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk djus dh 'kfDr iznku djrk gSA vesfjdh jk"Vªifr ladV ls mRiUu fLFkfr ls fuiVus ds fy, vusd vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa dks ykxw dj ldrk gS ftlesa laifÙk dks fLFkj djuk vkSj foÙkh; ysu&nsu Hkh 'kkfey gSaA

la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa vkikrdky u gh foèkkf;dk dh 'kfDr;ksa esa o`f¼ djrk gS] u gh dk;Zikfydk dh 'kfDr;ksa esa vkSj u gh blls yksxksa ds vfèkdkj izHkkfor gksrs gSaA vesfjdk esa yksxksa ds vfèkdkjksa ij iM+us okys vkikrdky ds izHkko ls fuiVus ds fy, ,dek=k laoSèkkfud

izkoèkku vuqPNsn 1(9)(2) gS ftlds eq[; izkoèkku fuEu gSa&

¥ vesfjdk esa canh izR;{khdj.k (Habeas

Corpus) tSls fo'ks"kkfèkdkjksa dks rc rd fuyafcr ugha fd;k tk,xk tc rd fd fonzksg ;k vkØe.k tSls dkj.kksa ls yksxksa dks [krjk u mRiUu gks tk,A

¥ U;k;ky; ;q¼ ds le; Hkh fdlh dkuwu ;k dk;Zdkjh dk;Zokgh dks vlaoSèkkfud ?kksf"kr dj ldrh gSA bl izdkj vesfjdk esa fonzksg ;k vkØe.k ds dkj.k ;kfpdk (Writ) fuyafcr ugha gksrh gSA

¥ ;kfpdk fuyacu djus dh 'kfDr dk¡xzsl esa fufgr gS jk"Vªifr esa ughaA ogk¡ U;k;ky; r; djrk gS fd ftu dkj.kksa ls fjV fuyafcr fd;k x;k gS oks U;k;iw.kZ gS fd ughaA

¥ xaHkhj vkikrdky ds le; vesfjdk esa jkT;ksa dks iqfyl dh 'kfDr;k¡ izkIr gks tkrh gSaA

¥ ;fn vkikrdky dk¡xzsl }kjk ykxw fd;k tkrk gS rks jk"Vªifr dks yxHkx 136 vyx&vyx oS/kfud vkikrdkyhu 'kfDr;k¡ lkSai nh tkrh gSaA

¥ bu 'kfDr;ksa esa dsoy 13 dks dk¡xzsl ls lgefr dh vko';drk gksrh gS 'ks"k 123 dks jk"Vªifr dkaxzsl dh lgefr ds fcuk tkjh dj ldrk gSA

¥ bl dkuwu ds rgr] jk"Vªifr vkikrdkyhu ?kks"k.kk tkjh djus ds fy, vius foosd dk iz;ksx dj ldrk gS] fdUrq mUgsa ?kks"k.kk esa fufnZ"V djuk gksxk fd os dkSu&lh 'kfDr;ksa dk mi;ksx djuk pkgrs gSaA vesfjdk dk jk"Vªifr gj 6 ekg esa vkikrdky ds nkSjku fd;s x, O;; ij dk¡xzsl dks fjiksVZ lkSairk gSA vkikrdky dh fLFkfr vesfjdk esa ,d o"kZ esa lekIr gks tkrh gS] tc rd fd jk"Vªifr bls uohuhÑr ugha djrk gSA blds vfrfjDr vkikrdky ds nkSjku lhusV vkSj

2 ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


dk¡xzsl (laln) dks gj 6 ekg esa cSBd djuk gksrk gSA bl cSBd esa vkikrdky dks fujLr djus ls lacafèkr ekeyksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

¥ jk"Vªifr }kjk vkikrdkyhu 'kfDr;ksa dk nq:i;ksx djus ij gkml vkWiQ fjizstsUVsfVOl }kjk egkfHk;ksx pykdj mls in ls gVk;k tk ldrk gSA

Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky ds izkoèkku

jk"Vªh; vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk vuqPNsn 352 ds rgr jk"Vªifr }kjk dh tkrh gSA tc dHkh jk"Vªifr dks ;g lek/ku gks tkrk gS fd dksbZ ,slk xaHkhj vkikr fo|eku gS ftlesa ;q¼ (War) ;k ckg~; vkØe.k (External Aggression) ;k l'kL=k fonzksg (Armed Rebellion) ds dkj.k Hkkjr ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx dh lqj{kk ladV esa gS rks og laiw.kZ Hkkjr ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx ds laca/ esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh mn~?kks"k.kk dj ldrk gSA tc jk"Vªh; vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk ;q¼ vFkok ckg~; vkØe.k ds vk/kj ij dh tkrh gS rc bls ckg~; vkikrdky ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] nwljh vksj tc bldh ?kks"k.kk l'kL=k fonzksg ds vk/kj ij dh tkrh gS rc bls vkarfjd vkikrdky ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA 1976 ds 42osa lafo/ku la'kks/u vf/fu;e us jk"Vªifr dks Hkkjr ds fdlh fo'ks"k Hkkx ij jk"Vªh; vkikrdky ykxw djus dk vfèkdkj iznku fd;k gSA KkrO; gS fd ewy lafo/ku esa l'kL=k fonzksg 'kCn ds LFkku ij vkarfjd v'kkfUr (Internal disturbance) 'kCn Fkk (;g 'kCn cgqr gh vLi"V rFkk foLr`r vuqeku okyk Fkk)] ftls 44osas lafo/ku la'kks/u vf/fu;e 1978 }kjk izfrLFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA

mn~?kks"k.kk dk vuqeksnu (Approval of

Proclamation)% jk"Vªifr }kjk dh xbZ izR;sd mn~?kks"k.kk (flok, okil ysus dh mn~?kks"k.kk ds) laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k vuqeksnu ds fy, j[kk tkuk pkfg,A ;fn nksuksa lnu mn~?kks"k.kk dks ,d ekg ds Hkhrj vuqeksfnr ugha djrs gSa rks mn~?kks"k.kk Lor% lekIr gks tkrh gSA 44osa lafoèkku la'kks/u ls igys ;g vof/ 2 ekg Fkh] bl la'kks/u ds }kjk bls ?kVkdj ,d ekg dj nh xbZ] ysfdu ;fn mn~?kks"k.kk ml le; dh tkrh gS tc yksdlHkk fo?kfVr gks ;k ,d ekg ds nkSjku mldk fo?kVu gks tkrk gS vkSj jkT;lHkk }kjk mls vuqeksfnr dj fn;k gks rks yksdlHkk ds iquxZBu ds ckn gksus okyh cSBd ls 30 fnu

ds Hkhrj mls yksdlHkk }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vU;Fkk og izorZu esa ugha jgsxhA mn~?kks"k.kk ds vuqeksnu dk ladYi] izR;sd lnu }kjk viuh dqy lnL; la[;k ds cgqer rFkk mifLFkfr vkSj ernku djus okys lnL;ksa ds nks frgkbZ cgqer ls ikfjr fd;k tkrk gSA

Hkkjr esa vkikrdky ds izHkko

dk;Zikfydk ij izHkko% vkikr ds izorZu ds nkSjku] la?k dh dk;Zikfydk 'kfDr dk foLrkj jkT;ksa dks ;g funsZ'k nsus rd gks tkrk gS fd og viuh dk;Zikfydk 'kfDr dk fdl rjg ls iz;ksx djsaA vr% vkikr fLFkfr esa jkT;ksa dh dk;Zikfydk 'kfDr dsUnzh; dk;Zikfydk ds vèkhu dk;Z djrh gSA

fo/kueaMy ij izHkko% laln dh fo/k;h 'kfDr dk foLrkj gks tkrk gSA og jkT; lwph ds fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij dkuwu cuk ldrh gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd bl nkSjku jkT; fo/ku e.My ds fof/ cukus dh 'kfDr lekIr ugha gksrh] dsoy fuyafcr gks tkrh gSA

foÙk ij izHkko% vkikr mn~?kks"k.kk ds izorZu ds nkSjku jk"Vªifr dks ;g 'kfDr izkIr gksrh gS fd og la?k vkSj jkT;ksa ds eè; jktLo forj.k ls lacaf/r mica/ksa (vuqPNsn 268&279) eas ifjorZu dk vkns'k dj ns (vuqPNsn 354) ,sls vkns'k dks laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k j[kk tkrk gSA

vuqPNsn 19 dk fuyacu% vkikrdky ds nkSjku ewy vf/dkjksa dk fuyacu gks tkrk gSA vuqPNsn 358 ds vuqlkj tc ;q¼ ;k ckg~; vkØe.k ds vkèkkj ij dh xbZ vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk izorZu eas gks rks vuqPNsn 19 }kjk iznÙk Lora=krk dk vf/dkj Lor% fuyafcr gks tkrk gSA KkrO; gS fd ;fn vkikr dh mn~?kks"k.kk l'kL=k fonzksg (Armed rebellion) ds vk/kj ij dh xbZ gks rks vuqPNsn 19 }kjk iznRr ewy vf/dkj fuyafcr ugha gksrs gSa (44osa lafo/ku la'kks/u }kjk)A

vU; ewy vf/dkjksa ij izHkko% tc vkikr mn~?kks"k.kk izorZu eas gks] rc jk"Vªifr vkns'k }kjk ;g ?kksf"kr dj ldrk gS fd Hkkx&3 iznRr ewy vf/dkjksa eas ls ,sls vf/dkjksa dks (vuqPNsn 20 rFkk 21 dks NksM+dj) tks vkns'k esa mfYyf[kr fd, tk,] izofrZr djkus ds fy, fdlh U;k;ky; esa vkosnu djus dk vf/dkj fuyafcr jgsxkA

yksdlHkk o fo/kulHkk ds dk;Zdky ij izHkko% tc vkikrdky dh mn~?kks"k.kk esa izorZu eas gks rks laln dks ;g vf/dkj gS fd og ,d ckj esa ,d o"kZ ds fy, yksdlHkk ds dk;Zdky dks c<+k ldrh gS fdUrq bldk foLRkkj vkikrdky ds izorZu eas u jgus ij 6 ekg ls vf/d vof/ rd ugha gksxk (vuqPNsn 83)A

fczVsu esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky ds izko/ku

fczVsu esa dk;Zikfydk dks lalnh; izkfèkdj.k ds vykok dksbZ vkikrdkyhu 'kfDr;k¡ izkIr ugha gSaA ogk¡ rkt (Crown) dks vkikrdky dh mn?kks"k.kk dk vfèkdkj izkIr ugha gSA fczVsu esa ;q¼ ds le; esa Hkh lalnh; laizHkqrk vkSj dkuwu ds 'kklu dk fl¼kUr vizHkkfor jgrs gSaA fczVsu esa ;q¼ ds le; vkikrdky rFkk 'kkafrdky esa vkarfjd O;oLFkk ds dkj.k yxk, x, vkikrdky ds chp varj ik;k tkrk gSA

vkikrdkyhu 'kfDr vfèkfu;e] 1920 ds rgr Økmu dks vkikr fLFkfr ?kksf"kr djus vkSj ml nkSjku fu;e ,oa fofu;e tkjh djus dk vfèkdkj izkIr jgrk gSA ,slh mn~?kks"k.kk rHkh tkjh dh tk ldrh gS tc tuthou dks ekSfyd :i ls [krjk mRiUu gksA pw¡fd ;g mn~?kks"k.kk ,d vfèkfu;e ds rgr tkjh dh tkrh gS] blfy, mn~?kks"k.kk tkjh djrs le; os n'kk,¡ ekStwn gksuh pkfg, ftudk mYys[k mijksDr vfèkfu;e esa fd;k x;k gSA

,slh mn~?kks"k.kk ,d eghus ls vfèkd le; ds fy, ugha jg ldrh gS gkyk¡fd ,d eghus dh lekfIr iwoZ ubZ mn~?kks"k.kk tkjh dh tk ldrh gSA ;|fi fczVsu esa jkt'kkgh gS ysfdu og ,d yksdrkaf=kd ns'k gSA Hkkjr vkSj fczVsu nksuksa txg yksdrkaf=kd ewY;ksa vkSj fof/ ds 'kklu dks ekU;rk iznku fd;k x;k gSA bl ekeys esa nksuksa txg gh yxHkx leku O;oLFkk gSA vkikrdkyhu tSlh O;oLFkk,¡ tks jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ds uke ij ukxfjdksa dh O;fDrxr vf/dkjksa dks izfrcaf/r djus dk izkf/dkj iznku dj nsrh gSa] Hkh nksuksa gh ns'kksa esa yxHkx ,d leku gSaA ge tkurs gSa fd Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds vf/dka'k izko/ku 1935 ds Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e ls fy, x, gSa blfy, Hkh nksuksa ns'kksa dh fof/;ksa lekurk,¡ ns[kus dks feyrh gSaA

vkikrdky ds izHkko

ekuo vf/dkjksa ij izHkko% vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr;ksa esa ekuo vfèkdkjksa ds guu ds dbZ ekeys mtkxj gksrs gSaA fdlh Hkh vkikr fLFkfr

3ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


ls cpus ds fy, izk;% ljdkjsa vdlj ,sls mik;ksa dks djus dk fu.kZ; ysrh gSa ftuls euq"; dh futh Lora=krk vkSj futrk tSls vf/dkjksa dks [krjk mRiUu gks tkrk gSA vkikrdky ds nkSjku U;k;k/h'k] vfHk;kstd vkSj is'ksoj odhy vius ftEesnkfj;ksa dk Lora=k :i ls fuoZgu ugha dj ikrs gSaA

vkikrdky ds nkSjku fxjÝrkj cafn;ksa dks rax djus] mudks vdsys esa j[kus] bykt u djkus vkfn mnkgj.k is'k vkrs gSa ftlls irk pyrk gS fd ;g ekuokfèkdkj dk mYya?ku gSA

vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkko% vkikrdky ds nkSjku vFkZO;oLFkk cqjh rjg ls pjejk tkrh gS] tSlk fd Hkkjr esa 1975 esa yxs vkikrdky esa ns[kk x;kA ml le; Hkkjr esa eqnzkLiQhfr 25 iQhln rd igq¡p xbZ FkhA vkikrdky ds nkSjku csjkstxkjh dh nj mPp gks tkrh gS] lkFk t:jh nSfud oLrqvksa dh dherksa esa Hkkjh mNky ns[kk tkrk gSA blls vFkZO;oLFkk ij udkjkRed izHkko iM+rk gSA ;fn vkikrdky fdlh ns'k esa eghuksa rd tkjh jgrh gS rks lacafèkr ns'k dh ljdkjsa izk;% uhfrxr iQSlys ugha ys ikrh gSaA bl nkSjku fons'kksa ls fu;kZr o vk;kr cqjh rjg izHkkfor gksrs gSa ftlls fons'kh eqnzk Hk.Mkj esa deh gksrh gSA

blds vykok ml ns'k esa ,iQMhvkbZ (FDI)

fuos'k u ds cjkcj gksrk gS] lkFk gh fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'k (FIIs) ml ns'k ls viuk iSlk fudky dj vU; ns'kksa esa fuos'k djus yxrs gSa] ftlls lacafèkr ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij cqjk izHkko iM+rk gSA blds vfrfjDr i;ZVd ml ns'k esa tkuk ugha ilan djrs gSa tgk¡ jktuhfrd ladV fo|eku gksA blls LFkkuh; i;ZVu m|ksx cqjh rjg izHkkfor gksrk gSA

varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèkksa ij izHkko% lhfj;k] ;eu] bZjkd tSls ns'kksa esa x`g ;q¼ o vkradokn yxkrkj lqf[kZ;ksa esa cus jgrs gSa] ftlds dkj.k ogk¡ dh ljdkjksa dks vkikrdky dh ?kks"k.kk djuh iM+rh gSA if'peh ,f'k;k ds ns'kksa esa ,sls gkykrksa dh otg ls muds fons'kh lacaèk blfy, ugha Bhd <ax ls LFkkfir gks ikrs gSa D;ksafd ogk¡ dh ljdkjsa ns'k esa vkUrfjd v'kkafr ls tw>rh utj vkrh gSaA blds vykok varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k o fo'o cSad }kjk lgk;rk mu ns'kksa rd lgh ls ugha igq¡p ikrh gSa tgk¡ jktuhfrd ladV tkjh gksaA

jktuSfrd O;fDr;ksa ij izHkko% vkikrdky ds nkSjku dbZ ckj ljdkjksa ds fu'kkus ij muds jktuhfrd fojksèkh Hkh gksrs gSaA Hkwfexr dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj muds lg;ksfx;ksa dks blfy, nck;k tkrk gS D;ksafd os lÙkk i{k dh vkykspuk [kqys rkSj ij djrs gSaA fdlh Hkh yksdrkaf=kd ns'k

ds fy, okn&fookn dk eap rS;kj jguk pkfg, fdUrq vkikrdky ds nkSjku ;g lacaèk LFkkfir ugha gks ikrk gSA

i;kZoj.k ij izHkko% vkikrdky ds nkSjku ljdkjsa izk;% i;kZoj.k ls lacafèkr fjiksVks± dks tkjh ugha dj ikrh gSa ftlls lacafèkr ns'k esa i;kZoj.kh; izHkko dk vkdyu ugha gks ikrk gSA

fu"d"kZ

fdlh Hkh yksdrkaf=kd ns'k ds fy, vkikrdky vafre fodYi gksuk pkfg,A lacafèkr ns'kksa dks iz;kl djuk pkfg, fd tks uSfrd ewY; lafoèkku us iznku fd, gSa mudk vkikrdky ds izkjEHk esa ;k mlds i'pkr fxjkoV u gksA LoLFk yksdra=k rHkh fdlh Hkh ns'k esa cuk jg ldrk gS tc ljdkjsa ns'kfgr esa iQSlys ysa u fd futh fgrksa ds fy, bl xaHkhj izkoèkku dk iz;ksx djsaA

lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=k&2

¥ Hkkjrh; laoS/kfud ;kstuk dh vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk rqyukA

¥ laln vkSj jkT; fo/kf;dk& lajpuk] dk;Z] dk;Z lapkyu] 'kfDr;k¡ ,oa fo'ks"kkf/dkj vkSj buls mRiUu gksus okys eqísA

¢

2- Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu ,oa tyh; Ñf"k dh laHkkouk

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ds [kk| ,oa Ñf"k laxBu (FAO) us ,d fjlpZ isij tkjh fd;k gS ftlesa fdlh ns'k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) esa eRL;ikyu vkSj tyh; Ñf"k (Aquaculture) ds ;ksxnku dk xgu vè;;u fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkh eRL;ikyu vkSj tyh; Ñf"k ds egÙo dks le>rs gq, varfje ctV] 2019&20 esa Ñf"k ,oa fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; ds vèkhu ,d eRL; foHkkx ds xBu dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA xkSjryc gS fd vHkh rd eRL;ikyu {ks=k ^i'kqikyu] Ms;jh vkSj eRL; foHkkx* dk fgLlk FkkA

ifjp;

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa eRL;ikyu dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA Hkkjr dh yEch rVjs[kk (yxHkx 8326 fdeh-)] fo'kky vuU; vkfFkZd {ks=k

(EEZ, yxHkx 2 fefy;u oxZ fdeh-) vkSj dekscs'k :i ls ns'k ds lHkh Hkkxksa esa iQSys rkykc] >hy ,oa ufn;k¡ vkfn Hkkjr dks ty lalkèku ds ekeys esa ,d lEiUu jk"Vª cukrh gSaA Hkkjr esa tyh; thou ls lacafèkr iwjs fo'o dh yxHkx 10» tSo fofoèkrk ik;h tkrh gSA leqnzh eNfy;ksa esa dSV fiQ'k] eSDjsy] flYoj cSyh] gSfjax o >haxk vkfn izeq[k gSa tcfd rkts ty dh eNfy;ksa esa yksp] ipZ] jksgw o fpYok vkfn izeq[k gSaA if'peh rV] Hkkjr ds dqy eRL; mRiknu dk vkèks ls vfèkd mRiknu djrk gS tcfd iwohZ rV esa ?kksa?kk eq[; :i ls ik;k tkrk gSA

fo'o esa eNyh mRiknu

iwjh nqfu;k esa yxHkx 50 fefy;u yksx izR;{k :i ls eRL;ikyu o tyh; {ks=kksa esa layXu gSa vkSj eRL; izlaLdj.k o blls lacafèkr m|ksxksa

esa yxHkx 150 fefy;u yksxksa dks jkstxkj feyk gqvk gSA 1950&51 esa iwjs fo'o dk dqy eRL; mRiknu tgk¡ yxHkx 23-50 fefy;u Vu Fkk] ogha vc ;g c<+dj Ms<+ lkS fefy;u Vu ls Hkh vfèkd gks x;k gSA

Hkkjr esa eNyh mRiknu

Lora=krk ds ckn Hkkjr us Hkh eRL; mRiknu ds {ks=k esa rhoz fodkl fd;k gS vkSj eRL; mRiknksa dh ek¡x dh u fliQZ ?kjsyw t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k gS cfYd ns'k ls ckgj Hkh budk fu;kZr djds cgqewY; fons'kh eqnzk izkIr dh gSA Ñf"k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; ds vuqlkj] o"kZ 2016&17 esa dqy eNyh mRiknu yxHkx 11-41 fefy;u Vu igq¡p x;k gS] tcfd 1950&51 esa ;g ek=k 0-75 fefy;u Vu gh FkkA orZeku esa Hkkjr iwjs fo'o ds dqy eNyh mRiknu dk yxHkx 6-3 izfr'kr mRiknu djrk gSA blds

4 ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


vykok phu ds ckn eNyh mRiknu esa Hkkjr fo'o esa nwljs LFkku ij gSA eRL; mRiknu dk ns'k ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) esa 1-1» fgLlk gS vkSj Ñf"k thMhih esa 5-15» fgLlk gSA lkxjh; eRL; mRiknu dh rqyuk esa vUr% LFkyh; ;k varnsZ'kh; eRL; mRiknu (Inland

Fisheries) us foxr o"kks± esa vfèkd rsth ls o`f¼ dh gSA

eRL; mRiknksa dk [kk| lqj{kk esa egÙo

è;krO; gS fd eNyh olk o izksVhu vkfn dk egRoiw.kZ lzksr gksrh gSA vr% buds mi;ksx ls Hkkjr esa dqiks"k.k dh leL;k dks nwj fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh yxHkx ,d pkSFkkbZ tula[;k xjhch js[kk ls uhps viuk thou&;kiu dj jgh gSa] ftldh [kk| lqj{kk dks lqfuf'pr djuk ljdkj dk izkFkfed nkf;Ro curk gSA blh lanHkZ esa ljdkj us lu~ 2013 esa ^jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vfèkfu;e* dks ikfjr fd;kA blds vfrfjDr ns'k esa ^feM&Ms&ehy* ;kstuk Hkh py jgh gSA bu ;kstukvksa dh liQyrk dkiQh gn rd bl ckr ij fuHkZj djsxh fd buds }kjk miyCèk djk;s x, [kk| inkFkks± esa iks"k.k dh ek=kk fdruh gSA bl iks"k.k Lrj dks ikus ds fy, eNyh o blls lacafèkr mRikn dkiQh egRoiw.kZ gks ldrs gSa D;ksafd ;s ns'k ds gj dksus esa dkiQh lqyHkrkiwoZd miyCèk gSa vkSj vis{kkÑr lLrs Hkh gSaA

Hkkjr ljdkj ds iz;kl

uhyh Økafr (Blue Revolution)

Hkkjr esa eRL; mRiknu esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ dks ^uhyh Økafr* dk uke fn;k x;k gSA Hkkjr dh uhyh Økafr ds laLFkkid vkSj okLrqdkj ^MkW- ghjkyky pkSèkjh* dks ekuk tkrk gS ftUgksaus lkB ds n'kd esa eRL;ikyu esa izsfjr iztuu (Induced Breeding) dh izfØ;k dks fodflr fd;k FkkA mUgksaus eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k esa oSKkfud [kkstksa dks dkiQh izksRlkfgr fd;k FkkA Hkkjr esa uhyh Økafr vHkh Hkh tkjh gSA o"kZ 2016 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us uhyh Økafr fe'ku ds rgr fuEufyf[kr y{; fuèkkZfjr fd;s&

¥ eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k ds {ks=k esa cgqvk;keh n`f"Vdks.k dks viukukA

¥ eRL; mRiknksa ds fu;kZr dks yf{kr :i ls c<+kukA

¥ lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxks± dh lekos'kh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk eNqvkjksa o fdlkuksa dh vk; dks nksxquk djukA

¥ i;kZoj.k o tSo lqj{kk ds lkFk eRL;ikyu tyh; Ñf"k dks lqfuf'pr djukA

eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k dks èkkj.kh; :i ls fodflr djus gsrq ls'kYl dh ljdkj us Cyw ckW.M (Blue Bond) tkjh fd;k gSA Cyw ckW.M ds tfj;s eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k ds fodkl gsrq Í.k miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr Cyw ckW.M dks rktk ikuh (Fresh Water) ds laj{k.k] leqnzh lalkèkuksa dk laj{k.k vkSj egklkxjh; ifj;kstukvksa vkfn ds fy, Hkh tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA è;krO; gS fd vDVwcj] 2018 esa ls'kYl bl izdkj dk ckW.M tkjh djus okyk fo'o dk izFke jk"Vª cu x;k gSA

eRL;ikyu dk ,dhÑr fodkl vkSj izcaèku

;g ;kstuk uhyh Økafr dks u;h xfr iznku djus ds fy, Ñf"k vkSj fdlku dY;k.k ea=kky; ds }kjk 'kq: dh x;h gSA blds rgr eRL;ikyu vkSj tyh; Ñf"k esa ,dhÑr fodkl vkSj izcaèku dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, dsUnz ljdkj 2015&16 ls 2019&20 rd ik¡p o"kks± rd foÙk miyCèk djk;sxhA bl ;kstuk ds liQy fØ;kUo;u ds fy, ^jk"Vªh; eRL; fodkl cksMZ* (NFDB) dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA bl ;kstuk ds rgr ljdkj us fuEufyf[kr izkoèkku fd;s gSa&

¥ varnsZ'kh; eRL;ikyu (Inland Fisheries) ds fodkl ij vfèkd tksj fn;k tk;sxkA

¥ eRL;ikyu vkSj tyh; Ñf"k ds {ks=k esa vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk dk fodkl djukA

¥ eRL;ikyu {ks=k esa Hkh MkVkcsl vkSj HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iz.kkyh (GIS) dk lqn`<+hdj.k djukA

¥ le;≤ ij bl {ks=k ds fodkl dh leh{kk djukA

¥ eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k dh ;kstukvksa vkSj fuEukafdr ;kstukvksa dk ,dhdj.k fd;k tk;sxk&

� eujsxk]

� tgktjkuh ea=kky; dh lkxjekyk ifj;kstuk]

� jk"Vªh; Ñf"k fodkl ;kstuk]

� jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku (NRLM)A

varfje ctV] 2019&20 esa izkoèkku

varfje ctV] 2019&20 esa eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k ls lacafèkr fuEufyf[kr nks egRoiw.kZ izkoèkkuksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS&

¥ eRL; foHkkx dk xBu]

¥ eNyh ikyu djus okys fdlku@eNqvkjs ;fn ^fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ* (KCC) ij Í.k ysrs gSa rks mUgsa Í.k dh C;kt nj ij 2» dh NwV iznku dh tk;sxhA

eRL; foHkkx ds xBu ls eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k ls lacafèkr MkVk jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,d txg bdV~Bk gks ldsxk] ftlls bl {ks=k ls lacafèkr iz'kklfud fu.kZ; ysus esa vklkuh gksxh] tSls& eRL; mRiknksa dh fu;kZr lacaèkh ;kstuk vkfnA blh izdkj C;kt lfClMh ls fdlkuksa dks Í.k pqdkus esa vklkuh gksxh vkSj os LFkkuh; lkgwdkjksa ls Í.k ysus ls ijgst djsaxsA

eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k (,DokdYpj) {ks=k ls lacafèkr pqukSfr;k¡

¥ 21oha lnh esa ns'k us dkiQh rhoz xfr ls fodkl fd;k gS vkSj yksxksa dh vk; esa dkiQh o`f¼ gq;h gS] ftlds dkj.k yksxksa us iks"k.k;qDr Hkkstu ij viuk [kpZ c<+k;k gSA blds vfrfjDr eRL; mRiknksa dh ek¡x esa o`f¼ gq;h gS] ysfdu bl ek¡x ds vuq:i eRL; mRiknksa dh iwfrZ ugha gks ik jgh gS] ftldk izeq[k dkj.k eRL; mRiknu dk vis{kkuq:i ugha c<+ ikuk gSA

¥ vdlj ns[kk x;k gS fd eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k djus okys fdlkuksa ;k eNqvkjkas ds ikl foÙk dk vHkko gksrk gSA ljdkj ds reke iz;klksa ds ckotwn cSad bUgsa Í.k nsus ls vkt Hkh drjkrs gSaA blfy, ;s yksx eg¡xh C;kt njksa ij LFkkuh; lkgwdkjksa ls Í.k ysrs gSa vkSj varr% Í.k tky esa iQ¡l tkrs gSaA

¥ fdlh Hkh {ks=k ds fodkl esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ rHkh ntZ dh tk ldrh gS tc ml {ks=k esa vkèkqfudre rduhdksa o mi;qDr izcaèku dks viuk;k tk jgk gksA Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu vkSj tyh; Ñf"k ds lanHkZ mi;qZDr nksuksa gh ekSfyd vko';drkvksa dk vHkko gSA

¥ eNyh ,d ,slk mRikn gS ftldh gkosZfLVax ds ckn [kjkc gksus dh lqHks|rk dkiQh vfèkd c<+ tkrh gSA vr% fodflr ns'k bl fLFkfr ls cpus ds fy, vkSj eNyh mRiknksa dks eRL; izlaLdj.k m|ksx rd igq¡pkus gsrq dksYM psu dk lgkjk ysrs gSa ysfdu Hkkjr esa u gh eRL; izlaLdj.k m|ksxksa dk fodkl gqvk gS vkSj u gh bu m|ksxksa rd eRL; mRiknksa dks igq¡pkus ds fy, dksYM psu dk fodkl gqvk gSA Hkkjr esa ifjogu {ks=k brus fuEu Lrj dk gS fd rVh; {ks=kksa esa mRikfnr gksus okyk eRL; mRikn ns'k ds eq[; cktkjksa rd vkrs&vkrs [kjkc gks tkrk gSA

5ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


fcgkj ljdkj us rVh; jkT;ksa ls vkus okyh eNfy;ksa ij izfrcaèk yxk fn;k] D;ksafd bu eNfy;ksa dks lajf{kr djus gsrq O;kikjh iQkesZfyu vkSj vU; Hkkjh èkkrqvksa dk bLrseky dj jgs FksA mYys[kuh; gS fd iQkesZfyu ,d ?kkrd jlk;u gS] ftlls ekuo ds xqnsZ] iQsiQM+s o gfM~M;k¡ vkfn udkjkRed :i ls izHkkfor gksrs gSaA

¥ vkS|ksfxdhdj.k vkSj ekuo dh vU; fofHkUu xfrfofèk;ksa ds iQyLo:i ns'k esa ty iznw"k.k dkiQh c<+ x;k gS] ftlds iQyLo:i rVh; {ks=kksa] ufn;ksa] rkykcksa o >hyksa vkfn ls mRikfnr gksus okys eRL; mRiknu ij udkjkRed vlj iM+k gSA blds mnkgj.k ds :i esa xaxk unh vkSj dukZVd dh csYykUnqj >hy dks fy;k tk ldrk gSA eNfy;k¡ cgqr gh laosnu'khy gksrh gSa] ftlds dkj.k eNfy;ksa esa cgqr tYnh thok.kqvksa dk laØe.k gks tkrk gS ftlls eNfy;k¡ detksj gks tkrh gSa vkSj dbZ ckj cgqr lh eNfy;k¡ ej Hkh tkrh gSaA blls fdlkuksa dh mRikndrk esa deh vkrh gS vkSj ftruk ykHk mUgsa feyuk pkfg,] mruk ykHk ugha fey ikrk gSA

lq>ko

¥ Hkkjr us fiNys lky yxHkx 6 yk[k Vu >haxk eNyh dk mRiknu fd;k vkSj bls fu;kZr djds Hkkjh equkiQk dek;kA vr% ljdkj dks pkfg, fd tyh; Ñf"k djus okys fdlkuksa dks >haxk mRiknu gsrq vkSj izksRlkfgr djsA

¥ eRL;ikyu vkSj tyh; Ñf"k esa efgykvksa dh Hkh fgLlsnkjh dks c<+k;k tkuk pkfg,]

blds fy, ljdkj dks bUgsa mfpr izf'k{k.k o lLrh njksa ij Í.k miyCèk djkuk pkfg,A

¥ eNfy;ksa dks chekfj;ksa ls cpkus ds fy, ,aVhck;ksfVd dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks ty esa gkfudkjd thok.kqvksa dks ekj Mkyrk gS ftlls eNfy;k¡ chekj gksus ls cp tkrh gSA

¥ eRL; mRiknksa dh iksLV&gkosZfLVax ij vfèkd è;ku nsuk gksxk rkfd bu mRiknksa dks [kjkc gksus ls cpk;k tk ldsA

¥ Hkkjr esa vdlj ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd eRL;ikyu djus okys fdlkuksa@eNqvkjksa dks vius mRikn dk mfpr fjVuZ izkIr ugha gks ikrk gS tcfd bu mRiknksa dks izkIr djus okys xzkgdksa dks vfèkd nke pqdkus iM+rs gSaA bldk dkj.k mRiknd vkSj xzkgd ds chp [kjkc vkSj yEch dusfDVfoVh dk gksuk gSA vr% ljdkj dks mRiknd vkSj xzkgd ds chp fcpkSfy;ksa dks lhfer djuk pkfg, vkSj ^,aM&Vw&,aM* (End-to-End) n`f"Vdks.k dk fodkl djuk pkfg,A

¥ eRL;ikyu vkSj tyh; Ñf"k ds mRiknu dks c<+kus ds lkFk&lkFk buds izlaLdj.k] HkaMkj.k] ifjogu o foi.ku esa Hkh lqèkkj djuk gksxkA

¥ tyh; lalkèkuksa ds laèkkj.kh; fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A

¥ eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k esa vkèkqfud volajpuk ra=k dks izksRlkfgr djuk gksxkA

¥ leqnz ds xgjs {ks=kksa esa Hkh eRL; o vU; lalkèkuksa ds èkkj.kh; mi;ksx dks izksRlkfgr djuk gksxkA

¥ xk¡o esa eujsxk ds rgr fufeZr rkykcksa ;k NksVh&NksVh ufn;ksa ij cus psd MSe vkfn esa eRL;ikyu dks izksRlkfgr djuk gksxkA blds vykok eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k esa Hkh lgdkfjrk dk fodkl djuk gksxkA

vkxs dh jkg

Hkkjr ljdkj us ftl izdkj ns'k ds vU; fdlkuksa dh U;wure vk; dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ^izèkkuea=kh fdlku lEeku fufèk ;kstuk* dk izkoèkku fd;k gS] mlh izdkj ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa iQSys eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k ds fdlkuksa o eNqvkjksa dh Hkh U;wure vk; lqfuf'pr djuh gksxh rkfd T;knk ls T;knk yksx bl Je xgurk okys {ks=k dh vksj vkdf"kZr gksaA blds vykok ljdkj dks bl {ks=k ds laèkkj.kh; fodkl gsrq vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl (vkj ,.M Mh) ij Hkh i;kZIr :i ls è;ku nsuk gksxkA


¥ izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k Ñf"k lgk;rk rFkk U;wure leFkZu ewY; ls lacaf/r fo"k;] tu forj.k iz.kkyh&mís';] dk;Z] lhek,a] lq/kj_ ciQj LVkWd rFkk [kk| lqj{kk laca/h eqís_ izkS|ksfxdh fe'ku_ i'kq ikyu laca/h vFkZ'kkL=kA

¢

3- Hkkjr esa phuh m|ksx dk cnyrk ifjn`';

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa dsaæh; •k| ,oa miHkksÙkQk ekeys ea=kh jkefoykl ikloku us yksdlHkk esa ,d ç'u ds fyf•r mÙkj esa dgk fd ljdkj us phuh m|ksx dh leL;kvksa dk nh?kZdkfyd lekèkku •kstus ds fy, uhfr vk;ksx ds lnL; jes'k pan dh vè;{krk esa ,d dk;Zcy xfBr fd;k gSA ;g dk;Zcy xUuk fdlkuksa dks iQlyksa ds fofoèkhdj.k ds lkFk gh vU; mik;ksa ij lq>ko nsxkA ljdkj us dgk gS fd xUus ds jl ls lhèks ,FksukWy cukus ,oa mRiknu {kerk c<+kus ds fy, phuh feyksa dks lLrk dtZ Hkh fn;k tk jgk gSA

ifjp;

xUuk Hkkjr dh ,d egRoiw.kZ udnh iQly gS tks yxHkx 4-5 fefy;u gsDVs;j {ks=kiQy esa mxkbZ tkrh gSA ;g ns'k ds cks, tkus okys fuoy {ks=kiQy dk yxHkx 3-7 izfr'kr gSA Ñf"k ls mRiknu ds dqy ewY; esa xUuk yxHkx 4-6 izfr'kr dk ;ksxnku djrk gS vkSj blls yxHkx 50 fefy;u xUuk fdlkuksa dks thou&;kiu esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA yxHkx 5 yk[k yksx phuh feyksa esa izR;{k :i ls jkstxkj izkIr dj jgs gSaA Hkkjr] fo'o esa xUus ds lcls cM+s mRiknd ns'kksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g czkthy ds i'pkr phuh dk

nwljk lcls cM+k mRiknd rFkk miHkksDrk ns'k gSA fiQj Hkh] Hkkjr dk phuh mRikndrk dk Lrj@nj nwljs izeq[k mRiknd ns'kksa tSls FkkbySaM rFkk phu dh rqyuk esa cgqr de gSA ns'k esa 731 phuh feysa gSa ysfdu o"kZ 2016&17 ds nkSjku yxHkx nks&frgkbZ (485) phuh feysa gh pkyw gkyr esa FkhaA can iM+h feyksa esa lkoZtfud {ks=k dh feysa lokZfèkd (yxHkx 75 izfr'kr) gSaA blds ckn lgdkjh {ks=k (36-6 izfr'kr) dk LFkku gS rFkk lcls de fgLlk futh (25-9 izfr'kr) {ks=k dk gSA o"kZ 2015&16 ds nkSjku phuh m|ksx dh vkSlr {kerk mi;ksx yxHkx 75 izfr'kr jgk gSA

6 ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


xUus dk ,e-,l-ih- ewY; r; djus dk rjhdk

Hkkjr ljdkj 24 iQlyksa ds vfrfjÙkQ ¶Ñf"k ykxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx¸ (CACP) dh fliQkfj'kksa ds vkèkkj ij xUus ds fy, ^mfpr vkSj ikfjJfed ewY;* (FRP- Fair and Remunerative Price) fuèkkZfjr djrh gSA vkaèkz çns'k] dukZVd] rsyaxkuk] egkjk"Vª] eè; çns'k vkSj xqtjkr esa feysa ,iQvkjih fuèkkZfjr djrha gSa tcfd mÙkj çns'k] mÙkjk•aM] iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk esa çns'k ljdkj jkT; lefFkZr ewY; (,l,ih) r; djrh gSA ,l,ih veweu ,iQvkjih ls vfèkd gksrk gSA

Hkkjr esa xUuk mRiknu ,oa forj.k

xUus dh iQly ,d yach vofèk] vfèkd o"kkZ (750&1200 feeh jsat dh o"kkZ vko';d) vkSj mPp iks"kd rRoksa dh ek¡x okyh iQly gSA fiNys 10 o"kks± ds nkSjku Hkkjr esa xUus dk mRiknu vfèkd ;k de fLFkj (yxHkx 350 fefy;u Vu) jgk gSA

¥ mÙkj çns'k xUus dk lcls cM+k mRiknd jkT; gSA mÙkj çns'k esa xUus dh iQly 2-17 yk• gsDVs;j ds {ks=k esa cksbZ tkrh gSA

¥ egkjk"Vª nwljs LFkku ij gSA egkjk"Vª dh Ñf"k Hkwfe dk {ks=kiQy tgka xUus dh dqy cqvkbZ 0-99 fefy;u gsDVs;j ij dh tkrh gS] og eksVs rkSj ij dkyh feêðh ls ;qÙkQ {ks=k gSA

¥ dukZVd rhljs LFkku ij gS] tks fd ns'k ds dqy xUuk mRiknu dk yxHkx 11 çfr'kr gSA

¥ rfeyukMq xUus dk pkSFkk lcls cM+k mRiknd jkT; gSA mlds ckn fcgkj dk LFkku vkrk gSA

orZeku ifjn`';

Hkkjr esa xUuk mRiknu ds {ks=k esa fxjkoV ntZ dh xbZ gSA o"kZ 2015&16 ds 348 fefy;u Vu ls fxjdj 2016&17 esa 306 fefy;u Vu jg xbZ gSA xUus dh [ksrh dk {ks=kiQy o"kZ 2015 esa tgk¡ 4-95 fefy;u gsDVs;j Fkk og o"kZ 2016&17 esa ?kVdj 4-5 fefy;u jg x;k gSA bl {ks=kiQy esa yxHkx 9 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZ tcfd mit esa 4-4 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV ntZ dh xbZ gSA

Hkkjr ds vxz.kh xUuk mRiknd jkT; egkjk"Vª esa xUus ds mRiknu esa o"kZ 2016&17 esa lcls cM+h fxjkoV (&32-6 izfr'kr) ntZ dh xbZ blds ckn vkaèkz izns'k (&20-1 izfr'kr) rFkk rfeyukMq (&12-2 izfr'kr) dk LFkku gSA gfj;k.kk esa mRiknu esa egRoiw.kZ o`f¼ (22-7 izfr'kr) ntZ dh xbZ gS] mlds ckn xqtjkr dk LFkku gS tgk¡ 10-5 izfr'kr dh o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ gSA o"kZ 2014&15 esa Hkkjr esa phuh mRiknu

28-5 fefy;u Vu Fkk tks o"kZ 2016&17 esa fxjdj 20-3 fefy;u Vu ij igq¡p x;k gSA gkyk¡fd bafM;u 'kwxj feYl ,lksfl,'ku (bLek) ds rktk vkdyu ds eqrkfcd 15 iQjojh] 2019 rd ns'k Hkj esa pkyw 207 phuh feyksa esa 219-30 yk[k Vu phuh dk mRiknu gqvk gS tcfd fiNys l=k esa blh vofèk ds nkSjku ns'kHkj esa pkyw 494 feyksa esa phuh dk dqy mRiknu 203-55 yk[k Vu Fkk] tks 7-73» dh o`f¼ n'kkZrk gSA

ljdkjh ç;kl

¥ jaxjktu lfefr (2012) us phuh m|ksx ds fu;a=k.k o lajpukRed vlarqyu dks nwj djus gsrq phuh ds cktkj ewY; ds lkFk xUuk dh dherksa dks tksM+us dk lq>ko fn;kA jaxjktu lfefr dh fjiksVZ ds vkèkkj ij] Ñf"k ykxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx (lh,lhih) us xUuk dh dherksa dks Bhd djus ds fy, ,d fefJr n`f"Vdks.k dh fliQkfj'k dh] ftlesa mfpr vkSj ykHkdkjh ewY; (,iQvkjih) ;k lrgh ewY; vkSj jktLo lk>kdj.k iQkWeZwyk (vkj,l,iQ) 'kkfey fd;k x;kA

¥ bl n`f"Vdks.k ds rgr vxj phuh vkSj mi&mRiknksa dh dher vfèkd gS rks xUuk fdlkuksa dk jktLo Hkh vfèkd gksxkA xUuk ds çeq• mRikndksa esa ls egkjk"Vª vkSj dukZVd us jktLo lk>k djus ds bl iQkWewZys dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA

¥ ,FksukWy lfEefJr isVªksy dk;ZØe (bZchih dk;ZØe)% ,FksukWy Ñf"k vkèkkfjr mRikn gS] •kldj phuh m|ksx ds lg&mRikn vFkkZr 'khjs ls mRikfnr inkFkZ gSA ,FksukWy lfEeJ.k dk;ZØe (bZchih) dk mís'; phuh m|ksx esa çnw"k.k dks de djuk gSA

¥ phuh miØeksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku djus gsrq Ldhe (SEFASU&2014)% ljdkj us cSadksa }kjk phuh miØeksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku djus gsrq C;kt eqÙkQ ½.k ds lkFk ,d Ldhe (SEFASU&2014) vfèklwfpr dh gSA bl Ldhe ds rgr 6420 djksM+ :i, forfjr fd, x,A bl ½.k ij C;kt ds cks> dks phuh fodkl fufèk ds ekè;e ls ljdkj }kjk vxys ik¡p o"kks± ds fy, ogu fd;k tk,xkA

¥ xUuk ewY; cdk;ksa ds Hkqxrku dks lqfoèkktud cukus ds fy, phuh feyksa

dks lkWÝV ½.k çnku djkus ds fy, ,d ;kstuk vfèklwfpr dh xbZA bl Ldhe ds rgr 4305 djksM+ :i, forfjr fd, x,A ljdkj }kjk ,d o"kZ dh foyacu vofèk ds lkFk C;kt ekiQh dk cks> mBk;k x;kA

lkekftd&vkfFkZd dkjd

iw¡th% Hkwfe] vkStkj] e'khujh] cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,¡ vkSj dk;ZdrkZvksa dks etnwjh nsus] bu lHkh izfØ;kvksa esa iw¡th vfrvko';d lkèku gSA

etnwj@dkjhxj% phuh m|ksx esa nks rjg ds etnwjksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA igyk dq'ky dkjhxjksa] nwljk vdq'ky JfedA vdq'ky Jfedksa dh vko';drk ekSleh gksrh gS ogha dq'ky dkjhxjksa dh vko';drk isjkbZ lhtu ls ysdj rFkk e'khuksa ds j[k&j[kko ds le; gksrh gSA

ifjogu% xUuk m|ksx ,d ,slk m|ksx gS ftlesa uqdlku vfèkd gksrk gS vFkkZr~ xUuk izlaLdj.k ds nkSjku blds otu esa yxHkx 90» dh Hkkjh deh vkrh gSA blfy, bl uqdlku ls cpus ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd dkj[kkus xUuk cksvkbZ {ks=k ds fudV LFkkfir fd;s tkus pkfg,A

cktkj% cktkj m|ksxksa ij vfèkd izHkko Mkyrk gS] D;ksafd vxj phuh@xUuk m|ksx cktkjksa ds vkl&ikl fLFkr gksaxs rks] ifjogu ,oa b±èku ykxr esa deh vk;sxhA gkyk¡fd phuh m|ksx ds foLrkj ds dkj.k blds foi.ku dh dksbZ leL;k ugha gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k] phuh dh ek¡x ges'kk mRiknu dh rqyuk esa vfèkd jgrh gSA

ljdkjh uhfr;k¡% ljdkj dh lcls egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk Hkwfe] fctyh] ikuh] lM+d vkfn tSlh volajpukRed lqfoèkk,¡ iznku djus esa gksrh gSaA bu lHkh lqfoèkkvksa us phuh m|ksx ds Rofjr fodkl esa Hkh enn dh gSA

mÙkj Hkkjr vkSj izk;}hih; Hkkjr ds phuh m|ksx esa varj

mÙkj Hkkjr vkSj izk;}hih; Hkkjr ds phuh m|ksx esa dbZ varj gSa] tSls& izk;}hih; Hkkjr esa csgrj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds iQyLo:i] phuh m|ksx èkhjs&èkhjs mÙkj Hkkjr ls izk;}hih; Hkkjr esa LFkkukarfjr gks jgk gSA igys mÙkj Hkkjr esa yxHkx 90 izfr'kr phuh dk mRiknu gksrk Fkk tks vc ?kVdj 35-40 izfr'kr gks x;k gSA mÙkj Hkkjr rFkk izk;}hih; Hkkjr ds chp dqN varj fuEu gSa&

¥ izk;}hih; Hkkjr esa m".kdfVcaèkh; tyok;q

7ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


ik;h tkrh gS tks mÙkj Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa izfr bdkbZ vfèkd mit nsrh gSA

¥ nf{k.k Hkkjr esa m".kdfVcaèkh; tyok;q gksus ls xUus esa lqØkst dh ek=kk vfèkd gksrh gSA

¥ mÙkj Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa nf{k.k Hkkjr esa isjkbZ dk ekSle Hkh vfèkd yack gksrk gSA

¥ mnkgj.k ds fy, isjkbZ dk ekSle mÙkj Hkkjr esa dsoy 4 eghus (uoacj ls iQjojh) gksrk gS] tcfd nf{k.k Hkkjr esa ;g yxHkx 7&8 eghuksa dk gksrk gS vFkkZr~ ;g vDVwcj esa 'kq: gksdj ebZ vkSj twu rd tkjh jgrk gSA

¥ lgdkjh phuh feyksa dk izcaèku mÙkj Hkkjr dh rqyuk esa nf{k.k Hkkjr esa vfèkd dq'ky rjhds ls fd;k tkrk gSA

¥ nf{k.k Hkkjr esa vfèkdka'k e'khusa ubZ gSa tks vkèkqfud e'khujh ls ySl gSa tcfd mÙkj Hkkjr esa izcaèku ds vHkko esa vusd feysa cUn iM+h gSaA

pqukSfr;k¡

¥ dqN jkT; ljdkjsa viuk jkT; foosfpr ewY; ?kksf"kr djrh gSa tks mfpr vkSj ykHkdkjh ewY; ls vfèkd gksrk gSA jkT; foosfpr ewY; (,l-,-ih-) m|ksx esa foÑfr;k¡ mRiUu djrk gS D;ksafd jkT; foosfpr ewY; u rks phuh fu"d"kZ.k ls tqM+k gS vkSj u gh ;g ?kjsyw vkSj oSf'od ewY;ksa rFkk vU; lacafèkr ekun.Mksa dks è;ku esa j[krk gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i] tc phuh ds ewY; de gksrs gSa rks fey ekfyd fdlkuksa dks ns; jkf'k dk Hkqxrku ugha dj ikrs gSa ftlls xUus dh fo'kky jkf'k cdk;k gks tkrh gSA bl izdkj fdlkuksa ,oa fey ekfydksa ds chp fo'okl esa deh gksrh gSA

¥ xUuk m|fe;ksa dks mudh ilUn ds LFkku ij fey yxkus dh vuqefr ugha fey ikrh gSA

¥ ekStwnk rkSyus dh iz.kkyh vkSj phuh

fu"d"kZ.k dks ekius esa ikjfn'kZrk dh dehA

¥ ljdkj }kjk fdlkuksa dk [kjhns x, xUus dk Hkqxrku le; ij u fd;k tkuk vkSj u gh foyEc gksus ij C;kt vnk fd;k tkukA

¥ xUuk fdlkuksa dks etnwjksa dh Hkkjh deh vkSj etnwjh dh mPp ykxr ds lkFk&lkFk mi;qDr e'khuksa dh vuqiyCèkrk gSA

¥ xUuk ty&xgu iQly gS vkSj blfy, de ikuh ls vfèkd iQly mxkuk ,d pqukSrh gSA

¥ ek¡x vkSj vkiwfrZ esa rky&esy dh dehA

¥ LokLF; ls tqM+h leL;kvksa us Hkh phuh ds ek¡x esa deh dh gSA

lekèkku

¥ lh,lhih (CACP) dh vuq'kalkvksa ds vuqlkj lHkh jkT;ksa esa mfpr ,oa ykHkdkjh ewY; vko';d :i ls dk;kZfUor fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk jkT;ksa }kjk ?kksf"kr jkT; foosfpr ewY; (,l-,-ih-) dks rRdky can djus dh vko';drk gSA blls xUus dh cdk;k jkf'k dh leL;k dk lekèkku gksxkA

¥ xUuk ewY; fuèkkZj.k n`f"Vdks.k ls xUuk {ks=k esa vfèkd fLFkjrk vk,xh vkSj fdlkuksa ,oa phuh feyksa ds chp csgrj leUo; dks izksRlkgu feysxkA

¥ phuh feyksa }kjk phuh ewY; vkSj blds mRiknksa ds ewY;ksa ds ladyu ds fy, ,d n{k ,oa ikjn'khZ iz.kkyh cukus dh vko';drk gSA 'kdZjk funs'kky; miHkksDrk ekeys] [kk| ,oa lkoZtfud forj.k ea=kky; dks fu;fer vkèkkj ij phuh vkSj blds mRiknksa ds jkT;&okj feyksa }kjk ewY; ladfyr djus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ xUuk fu;a=k.k vkns'k dks la'kksfèkr fd, tkus dh vko';drk gS rkfd fdlku fdlh Hkh fey dks xUus dh vkiwfrZ dj ldsaA

¥ phuh m|ksx dks xUus rkSyus vkSj lwØkst

Lrjksa dks ekius ds fy, ikjn'khZ vkSj izHkkoh iz.kkyh rS;kj djus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ jkT; ljdkjksa@la?k jkT; iz'kkldksa }kjk fdlkuksa dks mudh xUus dh ns; jkf'k dk ;Fkk le; Hkqxrku (14 fnuksa ds vanj) djuk lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;fn nsjh ls Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS rks fdlkuksa dks C;kt vnk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

¥ xUuk cksus vkSj iQly dVkbZ ds fy, mi;qDr Ñf"k e'khuksa vkSj vU; ;a=khdj.k izkS|ksfxfd;k¡ fodflr djus vkSj mUgsa c<+kok nsus dh t:jr gSA

vkxs dh jkg

nqyZHk ty lalkèkuksa ds laj{k.k vkSj mRikndrk dks c<+kus ds mís'; ls lh--,-lh-ihus xUus dh [ksrh esa cM+s iSekus ij ^Vidu (fMªi) flapkbZ* dks c<+kok nsus dh n`<+rk ls vuq'kalk dh gSA lkFk gh izèkkuea=kh Ñf"k flapkbZ ;kstuk ds varxZr ^izfr cwan vfèkd iQly* dks c<+kok nsus dh vko';drk gSA blds vykok jkT; ljdkjksa ,oa phuh feyksa }kjk ty cpr izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk mRiUu djus vkSj xUuk [ksrh esa lw{e&flapkbZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, la;qDr iz;kl djus dh vko';drk gSA xUuk vkSj phuh mRiknu esa dk;Z {kerk c<+kuk] [ksrh dh ykxr dks de djuk] izkS|ksfxdh dks c<+kok nsuk] lg&mRiknu vkSj ,FksukWy mRiknu dks izksRlkfgr fd, tkus tSls dk;ks± dks c<+kok fn, tkus dh vko';drk gSA


¥ Hkkjr esa [kk| izlaLdj.k ,oa lacaf/r m|ksx& dk;Z{ks=k ,oa egÙo] LFkku] Åijh vkSj uhps dh vis{kk,a] vkiwfrZ Ük`a[kyk izca/uA

¢

4- fMftVy rduhd vkSj Hkkjrh; f'k{kk iz.kkyh

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky; us VsDuksykWth dk ykHk mBkus rFkk ns'k esa xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds mís'; ls ^vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ* dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA ea=kky; ds vuqlkj vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ ,d

Økafrdkjh dne gS] tks vè;;u ds lkFk&lkFk vè;kiu dh çfØ;k dks laoknewyd cuk,xk rFkk f'k{kk&foKku laca/h n`f"Vdks.k ds :i esa vè;;u dks vkSj yksdfç; cuk,xkA

ifjp;

f'k{kk fdlh Hkh ns'k ds fodkl dh ewyHkwr

vko';drk gksrh gSA vkt ds vkèkqfud f'k{kk

esa fur u,&u, vk;ke tqM+rs tk jgs gSaA vkt

dk oSf'od ifjn`'; fMftVy :i èkkj.k dj

jgk gS] ftlesa vkus okys le; esa vkfVZfiQf'k;y

baVsfytsal] jkscksfVDl dh Hkwfedk c<+rh tk jgh

gSA lkFk gh jkstxkj ds {ks=k esa Hkh u;s&u;s

8 ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


{ks=k Hkh tqM+ jgs gSa] ftlds dkj.k dq'ky ,oa O;kogkfjd f'k{kk dh ek¡x c<+rh tk jgh gSA blfy, orZeku ifjn`'; dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, gesa viuh f'k{kk iz.kkyh dks O;kogkfjd] rdZiw.kZ cukus ds fy, fMftVyhdj.k dk lgkjk ysus dh vko';drk gSA gkyk¡fd vkt Hkkjr esa baVjusV] eksckby iQksu] eksckby ,Iyhds'ku] VScysV] ySiVkWi vkSj vU; vk/qfud midj.kksa dk mi;ksx fnuksa&fnu c<+rk tk jgk gSA Hkkjr ds egkuxjksa vkSj vU; 'kgjksa dh f'k{kk ç.kkyh Hkh dkiQh gn rd vk/qfudhÑr gks xbZ gSa] ftlls Hkkjr esa fMftVyhdj.k ds fy, ekxZ ç'kLr gqvk gSA fMftVy f'k{kk dbZ varjkZ"Vªh; Ldwyksa ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr dh ikjaifjd f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa viuh txg cuk jgh gS vkSj ikjaifjd d{kk çf'k{k.k dk LFkku ys jgh gSA vc og fnu xqtj x, gSa] tc d{kk esa çf'k{k.k ikBÔ iqLrdksa }kjk djk;k tkrk FkkA f'k{kd viuh ckrksa dks le>kus ds fy, CySdcksMZ dk bLrseky djrs Fks vkSj Nk=k mu 'kCnksa dks viuh dkWfi;ksa ij fy•rs FksA orZeku esa ihihVh] ohfM;ks çLrqfr;ksa] bZ&yfu±x fof/;ksa] vH;kl laca/h Mseks] vkWuykbu çf'k{k.k vkSj vU; fMftVy i¼fr;ksa ;k IysViQkWeks± ds mi;ksx ds lkFk d{kk esa f'k{k.k vR;f/d laoknkRed gks x;k gSA

vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ ds eq[; çko/ku

¥ vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ (vksMhch) ns'kHkj ds ljdkjh vkSj ljdkjh lgk;rk çkIr Ldwyksa esa d{kk 9 ls ysdj mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa 'kq: fd;k tk,xkA ;g çfØ;k 2019 ds vkxkeh l=k ls 'kq: gks tk,xhA

¥ ljdkj igys pj.k esa 300 fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds 10 gtkj dkWystksa esa nks yk• Dykl :e dks fMftVy cuk,xk ftl ij nks gtkj djksM+ #i;s •pZ vk;sxkA ;g 2022 rd cu dj rS;kj gksxkA

¥ bl ;kstuk dk mís'; Nk=kksa dks fdlh Hkh LFkku ij fdlh Hkh le; bZ&lalk/u miyC/ djkuk gSA

¥ blls O;fÙkQxr vuqdwyuh; Kku ds lkFk&lkFk e'khu dk Kku] vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal vkSj MsVk ,ukysfVDl tSlh mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk nksgu djds dq'ky vè;kiu dk çko/ku djus esa enn feysxhA

mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ

¥ mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa fo'ofo|ky;

vuqnku vk;ksx (;wthlh) }kjk vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ (vksMhch) ykxw fd;k tk,xkA

¥ KkrO; gS fd ;wthlh us 2022 rd ns'k ds gj ,d Dykl :e esa fMftVy f'k{kk dk foLrkj djus ds fy, ,d izLrko ikfjr fd;k FkkA

¥ ;wthlh ds vuqlkj f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa 5 yk[k fMftVy Dykl :e gksaxs ftUgsa dsUnz ;k jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk enn nh tk,xhA

¥ bl ;kstuk dks mPp f'k{kk foÙkiks"k.k ,tsalh ls Í.k ds :i esa dsanzh; ;kstuk ds :i esa ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA

¥ blds fy,] ;wthlh lHkh lkoZtfud foÙk iksf"kr mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa ds fy, ykWx&bu djus vkSj bl lqfoèkk dk fooj.k nsus okyh ;kstuk dk fodYi pquus ds fy, ,d iksVZy rS;kj djsxkA

vksMhch dk Ldwyksa esa dk;kZUo;u% 10oha vkSj 12oha d{kk rd ds lHkh ljdkjh vkSj ljdkjh lgk;rk izkIr Ldwyksa esa fMftVy ;k LekVZ cksMZ yxk;k tk,xkA

jkT; vkSj dsUnz'kkflr izns'kksa ds lg;ksx ls yxHkx 1-5 yk[k ekè;fed vkSj lhfu;j lSdsaMjh Ldwyksa dks bl ;kstuk ds rgr doj fd;k tk,xkA

vksMhch ls ykHk

¥ ns'k esa f'k{kk {ks=k ftl lcls cM+h pqukSrh dk lkeuk dj jgk gS og gS ns'k esa ekU; xq.koÙkk ;qDr f'k{kk ekudksa dks cuk, j•us dh gSA 'kS{kf.kd çkS|ksfxdh vkSj laidZ ds çlkj us bl eqís ds lek/ku dk volj fn;k gS vkSj blls 'kS{kf.kd ekudksa esa lekurk vk,xhA

¥ ns'k esa vPNh la[;k esa çeq• laLFkku gSa] tks nqfu;k ds Js"B laLFkkuksa ls eqdkcyk dj ldrs gSaA

¥ cM+h la[;k esa mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa vkSj Ldwyksa esa xq.koÙkkiw.kZ vè;;u esa lq/kj dh vko';drk gS] D;ksaafd bu laLFkkuksa ls fudyus okys Nk=k •qn dks lekt vkSj cktkj dh t:jrksa ds vuqlkj vius vki dks <ky ldrs gSaA

¥ fMftVy cksMZ ls Ldwy cSx dk cks> Hkh de gksxk D;ksafd fMftVy Dykl:e gksus ls fdrkcksa dh t:jr ugha jgsxhA

¥ ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; dh Vhe

Ldwyksa dk nkSjk djds fMftVy cksMZ ls i<+kbZ dh tk¡p Hkh djsxhA blls Ldwyksa dh ikjnf'kZrk ,oa tokcnsfgrk c<+sxhA

¥ Ldwyksa dks ,d&nwljs ls tksM+k tk,xk] rkfd NksVs 'kgj ;k dLcs esa cSBs Nk=k cM+s Ldwyksa ds fo"k; fo'ks"kK ls lh/s vius loky iwN ldsaA

¥ blls xjhc ifjokj ds cPpksa rFkk nwj&njkt ds cPpksa dks dkiQh ykHk feysxk rFkk ekrk&firk dk vkfFkZd cks> de gksxkA bl vfHk;ku ls lekt esa O;kid cnyko vk;sxk] [kklrkSj ij yM+fd;ksa dks blls T;knk izksRlkgu feysxkA

orZeku fLFkfr

orZeku esa Hkkjr nqfu;k ds lcls vf/d ;qok ns'kksa esa ls ,d gSA Hkkjr ds yksx fons'kksa esa tkdj f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa nqfu;k esa uke dek jgs gSa ysfdu Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dh fLFkfr esa yxkrkj fxjkoV vk jgh gSA gky gh esa f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa vlj (ASER) fjiksVZ tkjh dh xbZ gS ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd&

¥ 14 ls 18 o"kZ ds vk;q oxZ esa bl le; dqy 86 çfr'kr ;qok Ldwy ;k dkWyst tkrs gSaA 'ks"k 14 çfr'kr ;qok vHkh Hkh f'k{kk ls nwj gSaA

¥ 18 o"kZ dh vk;q oxZ dh yxHkx 32 çfr'kr yM+fd;k¡ Ldwyh flLVe ls ckgj gSaA ;g fLFkfr ^csVh cpkvks csVh i<+kvks* tSls vfHk;ku ds ckn dk gSA

¥ 14 ls 18 lky dh vk;q oxZ ds yxHkx 42 çfr'kr ;qok i<+kbZ ds lkFk&lkFk thou ;kiu ds fy, dgha dke Hkh dj jgs gSaA

f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa pqukSfr;k¡

fuEu lk{kjrk nj% vktknh ds le; ns'k dh dsoy 12 iQhlnh vkcknh lk{kj Fkh tks 2011 esa 74 iQhlnh gks xbZ] ysfdu 84 iQhlnh ds oSf'od vkSlr ls Hkkjr vc Hkh dkiQh ihNs gSA

f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk esa deh% vk/kjHkwr <k¡ps dh deh vkSj vU; leL;kvksa ds pyrs f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk ij vlj iM+rk gS vkSj Nk=kksa ds lh•us ds Lrj esa yxkrkj fxjkoV vk jgh gSA 7 lky dh mez ds 50 iQhlnh cPps 'kCn ugha igpkurs tcfd 14 lky rd dh mez ds djhc brus gh cPps xf.kr ds lkekU; loky Hkh gy ugha dj ikrsA

9ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


f'k{kk ds çfr #>ku esa deh% Ldwy dh i<+kbZ djus okys ukS Nk=kksa esa ls ,d gh dkWyst igq¡p ikrk gSA Hkkjr esa mPp f'k{kk ds fy, jftLVªs'ku djkus okys Nk=kksa dk vuqikr nqfu;k esa lcls de ;kuh fliQZ 11 iQhlnh gSA vejhdk esa ;s vuqikr 83 iQhlnh gSA

f'k{kdksa dh Hkkjh deh vkSj vfu;ferrk% bl le; ns'k esa 13-62 yk• çkFkfed fo|ky; gSaA ijUrq buesa dqy 41 yk• f'k{kd gh rSukr gSa] tcfd ns'k esa vuqekfur 19-88 djksM+ cPps çkFkfed vkSj mPp çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa i<+ jgs gSa A lkFk gh iwjs ns'k esa djhc 1-5 yk• fo|ky;ksa esa 12 yk• f'k{kdksa ds in •kyh iM+s gSaA cPpksa ds Ldwy tkus esa vfu;ferrk ds vykok Vhpjksa dk Hkh Ldwy ls xk;c jguk ,d cM+k eqík gSA

eè;kÉ Hkkstu vkfn Ldhe dk çHkkoh u gksuk% ljdkj cPpksa ds 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld fodkl ds fy, çkFkfed o mPp çkFkfed cPpksa ds fy, 100 ls 150 xzke çfrfnu O;atu lwph ds vuqlkj Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk djrh gSA ijUrq /jkry ij ;g Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj vfu;ferrk dh HksaV p<+ tkrk gSA

f'k{kdksa dk xSj&'kS{kf.kd dk;ks± esa lafyIrrk% ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa esa rSukr vè;kid lk/kj.kr% iYl iksfy;ks] tux.kuk] pquko tSls reke xSj 'kSf{kd dk;ks± esa yxs jgrs gSa ftlls os d{kk esa fuèkkZfjr le; esa ikB~;Øe dks lekIr ugha dj ikrs gSaA

vk/kjHkwr f'k{k.k O;oLFkk dh deh vkSj Ldwyksa dh nwjh% ;wuhlsiQ dh fjiksVZ crkrh gS fd ns'k ds 30 iQhlnh ls vf/d fo|ky;ksa esa is;ty dh O;oLFkk gh ugha gSA lkFk gh 40 ls 60 iQhlnh fo|ky;ksa esa •sy ds eSnku rd ugha gSaA blds vykok dbZ xk¡o] vkt Hkh çkFkfed f'k{kk dh igq¡p ls ckgj gSaA

MªkWi&vkmV jsV% loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku ds ckn izkFkfed Lrj ij ukekadu vuqikr lkS iQhlnh ds djhc igq¡p pqdk gS] ysfdu Ldwy NksM+us dh nj T;knk gksus ds pyrs 57 iQhlnh Nk=k gh izkFkfed f'k{kk vkSj 10 iQhlnh lSdsaMjh f'k{kk iwjh djrs gSaA

mPp f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa dh xq.koÙkk% la[;k dh n`f"V ls ns•k tk, rks Hkkjr dh mPprj f'k{kk O;oLFkk vejhdk vkSj phu ds ckn rhljs uacj ij vkrh gS ysfdu tgk¡ rd xq.koÙkk dh ckr gS nqfu;k ds 'kh"kZ fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa Hkkjr dk ,d Hkh fo'ofo|ky; ugha gSA

:jy& vcZu fMokbM% xk¡oksa esa fMftVy baÚkLVªDpj 'kgjksa ds eqdkcys dkiQh detksj gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ns'k esa baVjusV dk mi;ksx djus okyh djhc 23 iQhlnh vkcknh gh xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa jgrh gS] tcfd baVjusV dk bLrseky djus okys miHkksÙkQkvksa dh la[;k ds vk/kj ij Hkkjr nqfu;k esa phu vkSj vesfjdk ds ckn rhljk LFkku j•rk gSA

ljdkjh ç;kl

fMftVy bZ f'k{kk igy% Hkkjr dh f'k{kk ç.kkyh cgqr rsth ls vkxs c<+ jgh gSA 10 tqykbZ] 2017 dks Hkkjr ljdkj us bZ&ikB'kkyk&Lo;a izHkk dh 'kq:vkr dhA Hkkjr ljdkj dks vk'kk gS fd bl igy ls 2020 rd Nk=kksa ds ldy ukekadu dk vuqikr 24-5» ls c<+dj 30» rd igq¡p tk,xkA

Lo;a çHkk% GSAT&15 mixzg ds ekè;e ls ljdkj dqN ,sls 'kS{kf.kd dk;ZØe Vh-oh- ij çlkfjr djsxh ftlls ?kj cSBs Nk=kksa dks ykHk gksxkA 32 MhVh,p pSuy ij ;s dk;ZØe çlkfjr gksaxsA ;s dk;ZØe lHkh Nk=kksa ds fy, gksaxsA

bZ&ikB'kkyk

¥ ,ulhbZvkjVh dh fdrkcsa ^bZ&ikB'kkyk* igy ds rgr eqÝr esa vkWuykbu miyC/ gSaA bl igy ls xjhc Nk=k Hkh vklkuh ls vè;;u dj ldrs gSa tks ,ulhbZvkjVh dh fdrkcsa ugha •jhn ik jgs gSaA

¥ ,ulhbZvkjVh us 8 jkT; ljdkjksa dks fdrkcksa dks Nkius dk dkWih jkbV ns fn;k gSA os vius Nk=kksa dh t:jr dks iwjk djus ds fy, tSlk mfpr le>sa] fdrkcsa Nki ldrs gSaA

¥ ,ulhbZvkjVh us dbZ 'kgjksa esa vius •qn ds lsYl dkmaVj yxk, gSaA bu lsYl dkmaVjksa ls Ldwy cYd esa fdrkcsa •jhn ldrs gSaA

¥ ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky; }kjk 'kq: fd, x, bZ&ikB'kkyk] nh{kk] ,uvkjvksbZvkj] ,uihVhbZ,y] bZ&ihthikB'kkyk Lo;a vkSj Lo;a çHkk MhVh,p pSuy vkfn us mPp xq.koÙkk dh i;kZIr lkexzh çnku dh gS ftls çR;sd d{kk rd ys tk;k tk ldrk gSA bl çdkj ds 'kS{kf.kd gLr{ksi ls vè;kiu dk Lrj csgrj gks ldrk gS pkgs Ldwy vkSj dkWyst@laLFkku dgha Hkh gks bl rjg ds çkS|ksfxdh vk/kfjr Kku ls ns'k Hkj ds vè;kidksa dks çsj.kk fey ldrh gS vkSj os viuk vè;kiu ds Lrj dks csgrj dj ldrs gSaA

¥ ,ulhbZvkjVh dh igyh ls ysdj ckjgoha d{kk rd dh lHkh fdrkcsa eksckby iQksu ,Iyhds'ku IysViQkWeZZ ij Hkh miyC/ gSaA fganh vkSj vaxzsth nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa esa lHkh fo"k;ksa dh fdrkcsa miyC/ gksaxhA ihMh,iQ iQkjesV esa gj fo"k; dh pSIVj okbt fdrkcksa dks MkmuyksM fd;k tk ldsxkA

f'k{kdksa ds fy, nh{kk iksVZy% dsUæh; ekuo lalk/u vkSj fodkl ea=kky; (,pvkjMh) us 5 flracj 2017 dks f'k{kdksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; fMftVy ekè;e nh{kk iksVZy (diksha.gov.in) dh 'kq:vkr dh FkhA

¥ bl iksVZy ij f'k{kdksa dks vkWiQykbu vkSj vkWuykbu nksuksa rjhdksa ls çf'k{k.k çkIr gksxkA

¥ bl iksVZy ds tfj;s ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky; f'k{kdksa dks ubZ vkSj vk/qfud çkS|ksfxfd;k¡ çnku djsxkA

¥ bl iksVZy ds ekè;e ls f'k{kd xq.koÙkk okyh lkexzh ys ldrs gSa vkSj lkexzh dks dbZ yksxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSA ;g eYVh pSuy gS] ftldk eryc gS fd ;g ihlh] eksckby iQksu] VScysV vkfn tSls fofHkUu çk:iksa ij igq¡pk tk ldrk gSA

,u-ih-Vh-bZ-,y- dk;ZØe% ,u-ih-Vh-bZ-,y- dk;ZØe ds varxZr bathfu;fjax fo"k;ksa vkSj ekufodh fo"k;ksa ds fy, osc vkSj ohfM;ks ikBÔØe fodflr fd, tk jgs gSaA ,u-ih-Vh- bZ-,y- ds izFke pj.k esa 250 ls vf/d ikBÔØe rS;kj dj miyC/ djk fn, x, gSa vkSj nwljs pj.k esa bathfu;fjax vkSj foKku ds fofHkUu mi&fo"k;ksa ds 996 vkSj ikBÔØe fodflr fd, tk jgs gSaA fe'ku ds varxZr 77 LukrdksÙkj fo"k;ksa vkSj 86 iwoZ Lukrd fo"k;ksa dh bZ&lkexzh Hkh fodflr dh tk jgh gSA

vkxs dh jkg

¥ fMftVy f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, lk{kjrk nj esa o`f¼ djus dh t:jr gSA

¥ ;|fi Hkkjr us f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk dks lqèkkjus ds fy, vusd iz;kl fd, gSa ysfdu visf{kr ifj.kke ugha fey ik;s gSaA blds fy, vko';d gS fd f'k{kk {ks=k esa xq.koÙkk dks c<+kok fn;k tk, tSls& f'k{kk {ks=k ls tqM+h cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa dk fodkl] f'k{kdksa dks vkèkqfud f'k{kk i¼fr ds fy, vyx ls izf'k{k.k nsus] lkFk gh

10 ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


fodflr ns'kksa ds lkFk f'k{kk {ks=k esa le>kSrs Hkh fd;s tk ldrs gSaA

¥ cPpksa dks f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa izksRlkgu dh t:jr gS lkFk gh Ldwy ;k dkWystksa dh iBu&ikBu iz.kkyh bl izdkj rS;kj djus dh t:jr gS ftlls cPpksa esa f'k{kk ds izfr #>ku dks c<+k;k tk ldsA

¥ c<+rh tula[;k vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ljdkj dks pkfg, fd og f'k{kdksa dh deh dks tYn ls tYn nwj djsaA

¥ f'k{kdksa esa O;kIr vfu;ferrk ,oa xSj 'kS{kf.kd dk;ks± esa lafyIrrk dks lekIr djus ds fy, dM+s fu;e ds lkFk&lkFk

,d vyx ls fuxjkuh fudk; cukus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ f'k{kk {ks=k ls tqM+h vkèkqfud d{kk,¡ cukus dh t:jr gSA fctyh dh vkiwfrZ Hkh lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls iBu&ikBu ds nkSjku dksbZ ijs'kkuh u gksA

¥ xk¡oksa esa fMftVy f'k{kk ls lacafèkr cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa dks c<+kus dh vko';drk gS rFkk f'k{kk txr ls tqM+s Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykiQ dM+s dne mBkrs gq, bls lekIr djus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ fMftVy f'k{kk dks rHkh lkdkj fd;k tk ldrk gS tc blds fy, f'k{kk ctV dks vkSj c<+k;k tk,A

¥ xzkeh.k {ks=k esa f'k{kk ds izfr yksxksa esa tkx:drk c<+kus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ f'k{kk {ks=k esa #>ku c<+kus ds fy, Nk=ko`fÙk dk;ZØe dks ykxw fd, tkus dh t:jr gS rFkk tks Nk=ko`fÙk ;kstuk,¡ dsUnz ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk pykb± tk jgha gSa muds izHkkoh dk;kZUo;u dh Hkh vko';drk gSA


¥ LokLF;] f'k{kk] ekuo lalk/uksa ls lacaf/r lkekftd {ks=k@lsokvksa ds fodkl vkSj izca/u ls lacaf/r eqísA

¢

5- m|e'khyrk ds ekè;e ls efgykvksa dk l'kfDrdj.k

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa fo'o cSad] Hkkjrh; y?kq m|ksx fodkl cSad (flMch) vkSj la;qÙkQ jk"Vª dh efgyk fo'ks"k laLFkk ^;w,u oqeu* us foÙkh; çca/u iQeks± vkSj çeq• dkWiksZjsV~l ds lkFk feydj xzkeh.k efgyk m|fe;ksa dks ½.k çnku djus gsrq lkekftd çHkko ckW.M (Social Impact

Bond) 'kq: djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA bu ckW.Mksa dks ^efgyk vkthfodk ckW.M* (Women's

Livelihood Bonds) ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

ifjp;

bDdhloha 'krkCnh esa] efgykvksa us u fliQZ /u vtZu djus esa viuh Hkwfedk ntZ djkbZ gS cfYd foxr rhu n'kdksa esa] mUgksaus dkWjiksjsV txr esa egRoiw.kZ liQyrk gkfly dh gSA Hkkjrh; efgykvksa us lkekftd uSfrdrk dh ckè;rkvksa dks ikj djrs gq, ?kj rFkk dk;ZLFky ij Lo;a dks liQy m|eh ,oa dk;Zdkjh O;kolkf;dksa ds :i esa lkfcr fd;k gSA Hkkjrh; efgyk m|eh oxZ us u, m|eksa dks vkjaHk djus ,oa mudk liQyrkiwoZd lapkyu djus esa csgrj dk;Z&fu"iknu ds dbZ mnkgj.k çLrqr fd, gSaA

efgyk m|ferk dks vkfFkZd çxfr dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lzksr ekuk x;k gSA efgyk m|eh vius fy, vkSj vU; yksxksa ds fy, u, dk;Z l`ftr djrh gSa vkSj lekt dks çca/u] laxBu ,oa O;kolkf;d leL;kvksa ds fHkUu&fHkUu lekèkku miyC/ djkrh gSaA fdarq fiQj Hkh m|fe;ksa esa

mudh la[;k dkiQh de gSA efgyk m|eh ifjokj ,oa leqnk;ksa dh vkfFkZd laiUurk] xjhch mUewyu vkSj efgyk l'kfÙkQdj.k esa fo'ks"k :i ls lg;ksx ns ldrh gSaA lkFk gh lrr fodkl y{;ksa (SDGs) dks çkIr djus esa ;ksxnku dj ldrh gSaA blfy, iwjs fo'o esa lHkh ljdkjsa vkSj fodkl laxBu fofHkUu ;kstukvksa] çksRlkguksa vkSj lao¼Zu mik;ksa ds ekè;e ls efgyk m|fe;ksa dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj muds lao¼Zu ds fy, lfØ; :i ls dk;Z dj jgs gSaA

ftl ns'k esa efgykvksa dk l'kfDrdj.k ugha gqvk gS oks ns'k vkt Hkh vYi fodflr ;k fodkl'khy cus gq, gSaA ogha nwljh vksj ftu ns'kksa esa efgykvksa dk l'kfDrdj.k gqvk gS ;k gks jgk gS os ns'k fodflr ns'kksa dh Js.kh esa 'kkfey gSaA vkt efgyk,¡ fodkl ds dsanz esa gSa rFkk [kk| lqj{kk vkSj lexz lalkèku izcaèku ds {ks=k (pkgs oks ?kj gks ;k leqnk; gks) esa viuh egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSaA vkt efgyk,¡ xzkeh.k m|eksa esa izeq[k :i ls mHkj jgh gSa ftlls LFkkuh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks c<+kok fey jgk gSA fofHkUu vuqlaèkkuksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd vkfFkZd :i ls l'kDr efgykvksa esa LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk ds izfr #>ku c<+ jgk gSA

lkekftd çHkko ckW.M

lkekftd çHkko ckW.M] lkoZtfud {ks=k ;k ç'kkldh; çkf/dj.k ds lkFk fd;k x;k ,d vuqca/ gS] ftlds rgr og dqN {ks=kksa esa csgrj lkekftd ifj.kkeksa ds fy;s Hkqxrku rFkk

fuos'kdksa dks çkIr cpr esa Hkkxhnkjh çnku djrk gSA bl iQaM dk mi;ksx Ñf"k] •k| çlaLdj.k] lsokvksa vkSj fofuekZ.k tSls {ks=kksa esa O;fÙkQxr efgyk m|fe;ksa dks ½.k nsus ds fy;s fd;k tk,xkA blesa iquHkZqxrku vkSj fuos'k ij okilh okafNr lkekftd ifj.kkeksa dh miyfC/ ij fuHkZj djrh gSA bl izdkj Li"V gS fd lkekftd izHkko ckW.M fjVuZ dh ,d fuf'pr nj is'k ugha djrs gSaA

lkekftd izHkko ckW.M dks iwjs fo'o esa loZizFke ;wukbVsM fdaxMe vkèkkfjr ^lks'ky iQkbusal fyfeVsM* (Social Finance Limited) }kjk ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA

?kks"k.kk ds çeq• rF;

¥ flMch }kjk yk;k x;k ^efgyk vkthfodk ckW.M*] m|eh efgykvksa dks 3 çfr'kr ij ,d okf"kZd dwiu çnku djsxk tks ik¡p o"kZ rd oSèk gksxkA

¥ bl ckW.M ds tfj;s tqVkbZ tkus okyh fuf/ (yxHkx 300 djksM+ #i,) vkxkeh rhu eghuksa ds varxZr dbZ pj.kksa esa tkjh dh tk,xhA çkIr fuf/ dks flMch ds ekè;e ls y?kq vkSj eè;e efgyk m|fe;ksa dks lw{e foÙk m|ksx ds ekè;e ls fn;k tk;sxkA

¥ flMch ds vè;{k vkSj çca/ funs'kd ds vuqlkj] efgyk m|fe;ksa dks fn;s tkus okys ½.k dh C;kt lhek 13 çfr'kr ls vf/d ugha gksxh rFkk bl ckW.M dh dher 50]000 #i;s ls 3 yk• #i;s rd gksxhA

11ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


;w,u oqeu (UN Women)

¥ ;w,u oqeu la;qÙkQ jk"Vª dh ,d laLFkk gS tks ySafxd lekurk vkSj efgykvksa ds l'kfÙkQdj.k ds fy;s lefiZr gSA

¥ bls oSf'od Lrj ij efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dh vko';drkvksa ds leFkZu ,oa çxfr ds fy;s LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA

¥ blds rgr ySafxd lekurk çkIr djus gsrq oSf'od ekudksa dks fu/kZfjr djds ljdkjksa vkSj ukxfjd lekt ds lkFk feydj dkuwuksa] uhfr;ksa] dk;ZØeksa vkSj lsokvksa dks fodflr djus ds fy;s dke fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd ekudksa dks çHkkoh <ax ls ykxw fd;k tk lds vkSj nqfu;k Hkj esa efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dks lgh ek;us esa ykHk çkIr gks ldsA

¥ blds lkFk gh ;g lrr~ fodkl y{;ksa dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy;s okLrfod :i esa fo'o Lrj ij dke djrk gSA

m|eh efgykvksa dh orZeku fLFkfr

jk"Vªh; uewuk loZs{k.k ds vuqlkj ns'k ds dqy m|fe;ksa esa efgyk m|eh ek=k pkSng çfr'kr gSaA buesa ls 7-9 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ os gSa ftUgksaus vius lalk/u Lo;a tqVk, gSa] fliQZ 4-4 çfr'kr efgykvksa dks dkjksckj 'kq: djus ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk laLFkkuksa o ljdkjh cSadksa ds ekè;e ls feyh gSA

vxj lkekftd i`"BHkwfe ds fygkt ls ns•k tk, rks m|ferk esa fiNM+s leqnk; dh efgyk m|fe;ksa dh la[;k dh vPNh&•klh deh gSA vU; fiNM+k oxZ dh efgyk m|fe;ksa dh la[;k tgk¡ 40-6 çfr'kr gS ogha mPp oxZ dh 40-2 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ m|eh gSa] tcfd vuqlwfpr tkfr dh efgyk m|fe;ksa dh la[;k 12-2 çfr'kr gSA Hkkjr esa lcls vf/d efgyk m|eh rfeyukMq esa gSaA nl yk• ls T;knk efgyk m|fe;ksa ds lkFk ;g jkT; igys LFkku ij gSA vxj egkjk"Vª] dsjy vkSj vka/z çns'k dks tksM+ nsa rks ns'k dh dqy efgyk m|fe;ksa esa ls lkB çfr'kr bUgha pkj jkT;ksa ls gSaA

efgyk m|ferk ds fodkl ds fy, ljdkjh ç;kl

LVkVZ&vi bafM;k% LVkVZ&vi bafM;k ds varxZr Hkkjr ljdkj LVkVZ&vi dks çksRlkfgr vkSj iksf"kr djrs gq, m|e'khyrk dks c<+kok nsrh gSA bl igy dh 'kq:vkr tuojh 2016 esa dh xbZ FkhA ;g dk;ZØe ,d lexz n`f"Vdks.k ds lkFk pkj gÝrs dk eqÝr vkSj O;kid vkWuykbu f'k{k.k dk;ZØe çnku djrk gSA blds rgr f'k{kkfonksa

vkSj m|ksx la?kksa dk ,d etcwr usVodZ rS;kj fd;k x;k gS] lkFk gh iwjs ns'k esa fjlpZ ikdZ] buD;wcsVlZ vkSj LVkVZ&vi lsaVj LFkkfir fd;s x;s gSaA ljdkj dh bl ;kstuk us efgyk m|fe;ksa dks Hkh dkiQh ykHk igq¡pk;k gSA

efgykvksa ds fy, çf'k{k.k vkSj jkstxkj dk;ZØe dks çksRlkgu (STEP)% fo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ftu efgykvksa dks vkSipkfjd n{krk çf'k{k.k lqfo/k,¡ çkIr ugha gSa] mUgsa çf'kf{kr djus ds fy, efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kky; us LVsi dk;ZØe (Support to Training

and Employment Programme) dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA 16 o"kZ ls vf/d vk;q dh lHkh Hkkjrh; efgyk,¡ bl igy ls ykHkkfUor gksaxhA ;g dk;ZØe Ñf"k] ckxokuh] •k| çlaLdj.k] gS.Mywe] ijEijkxr dykvksa] ;k=kk ,oa i;ZVu] daI;wVj vkSj vkbZVh lsokvksa tSls vusd {ks=kksa esa n{krk,¡ çnku djrk gSA

LVSaM&vi bafM;k% 2015 esa bl dk;ZØe dh 'kq:vkr gqbZ FkhA bldk mís'; Hkkjr ds oafpr lewgksa dks laLFkkxr ½.k çnku djuk gS] lkFk gh efgyk m|fe;ksa] vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa vkSj vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dh vkfFkZd Hkkxhnkjh c<+kuk vkSj mu rd Hkkjr ds fodkl dk ykHk igq¡pkuk gSA blds rgr de ls de ,d efgyk vkSj vuqlwfpr tkfr ;k vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds ,d lnL; dks fofuekZ.k] lsok ;k O;kikj {ks=k esa xzhuiQhYM m|e yxkus ds fy, 10 yk• ls 1 djksM+ :- rd dk ½.k fn;k tkrk gSA LVSaM&vi bafM;k iksVZy NksVs m|fe;ksa ds fy, ,d fMftVy eap ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS vkSj foÙk iks"k.k ,oa ½.k xkjaVh lwpuk çnku djrk gSA

O;kikj lEcU/h m|ferk lgk;rk vkSj fodkl (TREAD)% Hkkjr esa oafpr efgyk lewgksa dks ½.k çnku djus ds fy, Vhvkjb,Mh dk;ZØe (Trade Related Entrepreneurship

Assistance and Development) dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZA ;g dk;ZØe xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa (NGOs) ds tfj;s bPNqd efgykvksa dks ½.k miyC/ djkrk gSA efgyk,¡ iathÑr xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ds lg;ksx ls ½.k çkIr dj ldrh gSa vkSj çLrkfor m|eksa ds fy, ijke'kZ vkSj çf'k{k.k Hkh gkfly dj ldrh gSa rkfd mUgsa xSj Ñf"k dk;ks± ds fy, ekxZn'kZu çkIr gksA

foKku ds fy, lekurk l'kfDrdj.k vkSj fodkl (SEED)% lhM (Science for Equity

Empowerment and Development) dk y{; fo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa oSKkfudksa vkSj tehuh Lrj ds deZpkfj;ksa] fo'ks"kr% efgykvksa dks lkekftd&vkfFkZd ykHk ds fy, fof'k"V ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, volj çnku djuk gSA bl lEcU/ esa ç;kl fd;s tk jgs gSa fd jk"Vªh; ç;ksx'kkykvksa vkSj vU; fof'k"V foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh laLFkkuksa dks tehuh Lrj ds uokpkj ls tksM+k tk, rkfd mUgsa Hkh fo'ks"kKksa] mÙke lajpukvksa ds ykHk fey ldsA

efgyk m|ferk eap% uhfr vk;ksx us efgyk m|ferk eap dh 'kq:vkr dhA bl igy dk mís'; Hkkjr dh efgyk m|fe;ksa ds fy, ,d ,slh O;oLFkk rS;kj djuk gS rkfd os m|e'khyrk dh viuh laHkkoukvksa dks eglwl djsa] u, dk;ZØeksa ds lkFk da/s ls da/k feykdj py ldsa vkSj vius O;olk;ksa ds LFkkf;Ro vkSj nh?kZdkyhu j.kuhfr;ksa dk vkdyu dj ldsaA

efgykvksa ds fy, eqæk ;kstuk% ljdkj }kjk 'kq: dh xbZ eqæk ;kstuk mu efgykvksa dks O;fÙkQxr Lrj ij enn çnku djrh gS tks NksVs O;olk; tSls C;wVh ikyZj] Vsyfjax bdkbZ] VÔw'ku lsaVj bR;kfn pykuk pkgrh gSaA ;g ;kstuk efgyk lewgksa dks Hkh enn djrh gSA bl ½.k ds fy, fdlh çdkj dh tekur jkf'k dh t:jr ugha gSA

pqukSfr;k¡

fir`lÙkkRed Hkkjrh; lekt vkt Hkh] efgykvksa dh {kerkvksa dks ysdj iwokZxzgksa ls xzflr gS vkSj mudh dk;Z {kerkvksa dks ysdj bl dnj l'kafdr gS fd uokpkj ds muds ç;klksa dks og grksRlkfgr djrk gSA

efgykvksa dks dsaæ dh foÙkh; ;kstukvksa dk ykHk lgh rjhds ls ugha fey ik jgk gSA m|ferk dks ysdj lcls cM+k Hkze ;g gS fd bls fliQZ ogh efgyk,¡ gh 'kq: dj ldrh gSa tks ;k rks mPpf'kf{kr gksa ;k fiQj mudh ,slh ikfjokfjd i`"BHkwfe gksA

efgyk m|fe;ksa dks vusd ckèkkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA mUgsa izk;% vius ifr ;k djhch ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dk vlg;ksx gh izkIr gksrk gSA m|e 'kq: djus ls igys rFkk vius m|e dks lapkfyr djus ds fofHkUu pj.kksa esa efgykvksa dks dqN leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS tks fuEufyf[kr gSa&

foÙk@èku dh deh% izR;sd m|e] pkgs og cM+k gks] NksVk gks ;k eè;e gks] ds fy,



foÙk@èku dh vko';drk gksrh gSA efgyk m|fe;ksa dks nks egRoiw.kZ vkèkkjksa ij foÙk dh deh dh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS& igyk] efgykvksa ds ikl Lo;a ds uke ij dksbZ [kkl laifÙk ugha gksrh gS ftlls fd os cSadksa ;k vU; foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls (vius laifÙk ds uke ij) Í.k izkIr ugha dj ikrh gSaA nwljk] foÙkh; laLFkkvksa dk leFkZu izkIr u gksus ls vkSj Í.k lalkèkuksa dh deh ls dqN efgyk m|eh izHkkfor gksrh gSa] lkFk gh bu laLFkkvksa esa vHkh Hkh iq#"kksa dk opZLo dk;e gSA

dPps eky dh deh% efgyk m|eh dPps eky dh vuqiyCèkrk vkSj vko';d vknkuksa (Inputs) dh deh tSlh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djrh gSaA blds vykok ,d rjiQ tgk¡ dPps eky dh mPp dhersa gksrh gSa rks nwljh rjiQ U;wure NwV njksa ij dPps eky dh izkfIr Hkh efgykvksa dh igq¡p ls nwj gSA

dM+h izfrLi¼kZ% cgqr lh efgyk m|fe;ksa ds ikl vi;kZIr laxBukRed <k¡pk ik;k tkrk gSA vius mRiknksa ds izpkj&izlkj ds fy, muds ikl i;kZIr èku dh deh gksrh gSA efgykvksa dks mu iq#"k m|fe;ksa ds lkFk dM+h izfrLi¼kZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS tks vius mRiknksa ds izpkj&izlkj ds {ks=k esa egkjFk gkfly fd, gksrs gSa] lkFk gh iq#"k m|eh laxBukRed rkSj ij Hkh viuh cktkj ij idM+ tek, gq, gSaA bl rjg xykdkV izfr;ksfxrk ls efgyk m|eh fnokfy;siu dh f'kdkj gks tkrh gSaA

f'k{kk dk fuEu Lrj% Hkkjr esa vHkh Hkh yxHkx 40» efgyk,¡ fuj{kj gSaA fuj{kjrk lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl esa ckèkk mRiUu djus okyk ewy dkj.k gSA lekt esa gks jgs uohure rduhdh ifjorZu ls lacafèkr Kku dh deh rFkk f'k{kk ds vHkko ds dkj.k efgyk m|fe;ksa dks izfrLi¼hZ m|e LFkkfir djus esa izeq[k ckèkk mRiUu gks jgh gSA

ikfjokfjd la?k"kZ% efgyk m|fe;ksa dh lcls cM+h leL;k ;s gS fd oks vius ifjokj dks T;knk oDr ugha ns ikrh gSa tks ikfjokfjd dyg dk eq[; dkj.k gSA KkrO; gS fd Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa eq[; :i ls efgykvksa dk drZO; vius cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djuk vkSj ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa dks le; nsuk gksrk gSA m|eksa esa efgykvksa dks vfèkd le; nsuk iM+rk gS

bl izdkj mUgsa vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa vkSj lkekftd nkf;Roksa dks iwjk djuk cgqr eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA

tkx:drk dh deh% 21oha lnh ds nwljs n'kd esa efgykvksa esa vius vfèkdkjksa ds izfr tkx:drk vkbZ gS ysfdu ;g tkx:drk mudh vkokt cuus esa ukdkiQh gSA vkt Hkh Hkkjr esa efgyk,¡ ,d dq'ky x`fg.kh gh cudj jguk pkgrh gSA

lq>ko

¥ efgyk m|ferk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ;g vko';d gS fd efgykvksa dks blds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,A

¥ ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr fofHkUu ;kstukvksa dk ykHk mBkus ds fy, budk dM+kbZ ls lapkyu fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ Ldwyh f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds lkFk&lkFk O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k Hkh mUgsa fn, tkus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ efgyk m|ferk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ctV esa Hkh buds fy, vyx ls izkoèkku fd, tkus dh vko';drk gSA lkFk gh lkFk Hkz"Vkpkj ij Hkh vadq'k yxkus dh t:jr gSA

¥ efgykvksa esa tkx:drk c<+kus dh t:jr gS rFkk lkekftd lksp esa Hkh cnyko ykus dh vko';drk gSA

¥ efgyk m|ferk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, cqfu;knh lajpukvksa (tSls Ldwy] dkWyst] izf'k{k.k dkWyst] n{k vè;kid) dks c<+kus dh vko';drk gSA

fu"d"kZ

efgyk l'kfÙkQdj.k dh vo/kj.kk dk lcls çeq• vk;ke vkfFkZd vkRefuHkZjrk gSA bl fn'kk esa vuojr ç;kl gks Hkh jgs gSa] fiQj Hkh efgyk,¡ m|ksx LFkkfir djus ds ekeys esa fiNM+h gqbZ gSaA O;kikj ,d ,slk {ks=k gS tks fd efgykvksa ds l'kfÙkQdj.k esa ;ksxnku dj ldrk gSA blds fy, efgykvksa esa dkS'ky fodkl dh fn'kk esa dke djuk vifjgk;Z gSA ,slk •kdk rS;kj djus dh t:jr gS fd efgyk,¡ 'kq:vkrh Lrj ds deZpkjh ls dkWiksZjsV çca/u ds Lrj rd tk ldsaA orZeku esa laiw.kZ fo'o lekos'kh le`f¼ dh fn'kk

esa dke jgk gSA ,sls esa gekjh vkn'kZ çkFkfedrk

;gh gksuh pkfg, fd ns'k dh çxfr o fodkl

dk ipkl çfr'kr fuos'k efgykvksa ds fy,

gksA efgyk,¡ ikjnf'kZrk] lgkuqHkwfr vkSj leL;k,¡

lqy>kus ds ekeys esa iq#"kksa ls dgha T;knk vkxs

gksrh gSaA muesa jpukRed lksp iq#"kksa ls dgha

T;knk gksrh gSA mudk laokn vkSj lacaf/r leL;k

dks ysdj muds fopkj iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa dgha

T;knk lqy>s gq, gksrs gSaA

fofHkUu vè;;uksa esa dgk x;k gS fd vxj

ns'k esa efgyk m|fe;ksa dh ck/kvksa dks nwj djuk

gS rks cSad •krksa rd mudh igq¡p vklku cukuk]

foÙkh; çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe 'kq: djuk vkSj iw¡thxr

t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds mik;ksa dks ryk'kuk

gksxkA reke ck/kvksa ds ckotwn fiNys nks&rhu

o"kZ esa ftl rjg ls efgyk m|eh lkeus vk jgh

gSa] og vk'kktud rLohj rks is'k djrk gh gS

lkFk gh ;g fo'okl Hkh fnykrk gS fd çf'k{k.k]

çksRlkgu vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk ls] efgyk,¡ cgqr

de le; esa Lo;a dks lkfcr dj ldrh gSaA

blds fy, mPp f'k{kk ;k ,ech, tSlh fdlh

fMxzh dh Hkh vko';drk ugha gSA bl rF; dk

thoar mnkgj.k >kj•aM ds iwohZ flagHkwe ftys ds

iVenk ds vklikl ds xk¡oksa dh vui<+ efgyk,¡

gSaA bu efgykvksa ds cuk, diM+s fiNys fnuksa

;wjksfi;u ekLVj bu VwfjTe eSustesaV ds nh{kkar

lekjksg esa u fliQZ 'kksdsl fd, x,] cfYd

VwfjTe dh fMxzh ds lkFk Nk=kksa dks crkSj çrhd

fpÉ buds cuk, diM+s ck¡Vs x,A

Hkkjr esa gj ik¡p esa ls pkj efgyk,¡

m|eh cuus dh {kerk j•rh gSa] c'krZs muds

l'kfÙkQdj.k ds ç;kl fd;s tk;saA ;fn vHkh

ls 'kq:vkr dh tk;s] rks orZeku O;olk; vkSj

jkstxkj ds leLr y{;ksa dks fliQZ 52 iQhlnh

efgykvksa ds ne ij gh o"kZ 2021 rd gh iwjk

fd;k tk ldrk gSA


¥ fodkl izfØ;k rFkk fodkl m|ksx &xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa] Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa] fofHkUu lewgksa vkSj la?kksa] nkudrkZvksa] yksdksidkjh laLFkkvksa] laLFkkxr ,oa vU; i{kksa dh HkwfedkA

¢

13ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


6- csjkstxkjh ,oa ljdkjh vk¡dM+s % ,d fo'ys"k.k

ppkZ dk dkj.k

gky gh esa jk"Vªh; lkaf[;dh vk;ksx (NSC) ds nks lnL;ksa us bLrhiQk ns fn;kA mUgksaus vkjksi yxk;k fd fnlEcj] 2018 esa jkstxkj l`tu ls lacafèkr MkVk dks ,u,llh }kjk lkoZtfud fd;k tkuk Fkk fdUrq dsUnz ljdkj us blds izdk'ku esa jksd yxk nh D;ksafd blesa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd orZeku esa csjkstxkjh dh nj fiNys 45 o"kks± dh rqyuk esa lcls T;knk gSA

ifjp;

lkekU;r% fdlh ns'k dh dqy Jfed la[;k jkstxkj esa ugha yxh gksrh gS] vfirq mldk de ;k vfèkd Hkkx csjkstxkjh dh n'kk esa jgrk gSA csjkstxkjh dh ;g ek=kk vYi fodflr ;k fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa vke rkSj ij cgqr fo'kky gS vkSj rsth ls c<+ Hkh jgh gSA mi;qZDr of.kZr ckr Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa fo'ks"k :i ls ykxw gksrh gS] D;ksafd jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dk;kZy; (NSSO) vkSj fofHkUu Lora=k fFkad VSad bl ckr dh iqf"V djrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

,d rjiQ Hkkjr esa tukafddh; ykHkka'k dh ckr dh tk jgh gS rks ogha nwljh rjiQ csjkstxkjh ,d xEHkhj eqís ds :i esa mHkj jgh gSA dqN fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd foeqnzhdj.k vkSj th,lVh (oLrq ,oa lsok dj) ds ckn Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh vfèkd rsth ls c<+h gS] ftlds vk¡dM+ksa dks ljdkj }kjk fofHkUu rjhds ls nckus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA

tula[;k ds ?kVd

fdlh ns'k dh leLr tula[;k ds nks ?kVd gksrs gSa& Je cy ( Labour Force) vkSj xSj Je cy (Non-labour Force)A xSj Je cy esa tula[;k xSj dehZ xSj Je cy ds :i esa gksrh gS] tks vkfFkZd dk;ks± o thMhih esa viuk ;ksxnku ugha ntZ djk ikrh gSA Je cy fdlh ns'k dh dk;Z'kfDr dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA Je cy esa jkstxkj vkSj csjkstxkj nksuksa izdkj ds dehZ vkrs gSaA jkstxkj dehZ mUgsa dgk tkrk gS tks vFkZO;oLFkk dh fdlh u fdlh xfrfofèk esa layXu gksrs gSa vkSj vkfFkZd o`f¼ esa viuk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsrs gSaA jkstxkj dh ladYiuk esa nks fLFkfr;k¡ mHkjdj lkeus vkrh gSa& iw.kZ jkstxkj (Full Employment) vkSj vYi jkstxkj (Under Employment)A iw.kZ jkstxkj dh fLFkfr esa dke djus okys bPNqd yksxksa dks muds dkS'ky ds vuqlkj ,d foÙkh; o"kZ esa fuf'pr le;&lhek ls c¼ dk;Z izkIr gksrk gSA iw.kZ jkstxkj dh fLFkfr fdlh Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk esa vkn'kZiw.kZ fLFkfr ekuh tkrh gS] ftls O;ogkj esa ikuk dkiQh eqf'dy gksrk gSA vYi jkstxkj

dh fLFkfr esa dke djus okys bPNqd yksxksa dks mudh {kerk ;k dkS'ky ds vuqlkj fuf'pr le;&lhek ls c¼ dk;Z izkIr ugha gksrk gS vFkkZr~ mUgsa dk;Z rks izkIr gksrk gS fdUrq mudh {kerk ds eqrkfcd ugha izkIr gksrk gS] tcfd csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr esa yksx dk;Z djus ds bPNqd Hkh gksrs gSa vkSj l{ke Hkh gksrs gSa fdUrq mUgsa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dke ugha fey ikrk gSA ;g fLFkfr fdlh Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, dkiQh ?kkrd gksrh gSA csjkstxkjh ds lkekU;r% dqN izdkj gksrs gSa& lajpukRed (Structural)] ekSleh (Seasonal)] pØh; (Cyclical)] ?k"kZ.kkRed (Frictional)] f'kf{kr (Educational) vkSj izPNUu (Disguised) vkfnA

egRoiw.kZ MkVk tks le; ij tkjh ugha fd, x,

jkstxkj o csjkstxkjh ls lacafèkr vk¡dM+s (MkVk) vFkZO;oLFkk o j.kuhfrd n`f"V ls dkiQh egRoiw.kZ gksrs gSa ftudk mi;ksx djds uhfr fuèkkZjd ns'k dh Hkkoh j.kuhfr;ksa dks rS;kj djrs gSaA ysfdu le;≤ ij ljdkj us bUgsa vuko';d :i ls nckus ;k lkoZtfud u djus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] ftls ge fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.kksa ls le> ldrs gSa&

¥ fnlEcj] 2018 esa ,u,l,lvks dh ûohu vkofèkd Je cy losZ{k.k* (NPLFS- New

Perodic Labour Force Survey) fjiksVZ dks ljdkj us lkoZtfud ugha fd;kA

¥ ,u,l,lvks] Lora=k o izekf.kd <ax ls gj ik¡p lky esa ,d ckj ns'k esa jkstxkj o csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr dks tkuus ds fy, losZ{k.k djkrh gS] ftls ^vkofèkd Je cy losZ{k.k* dgk tkrk gSA

bl losZ{k.k dks 2016&17 esa gksuk Fkk fdUrq ljdkj us bls jksddj nwljs izdkj ds losZ{k.k dh vuqefr nh] ftls ûohu vkofèkd Je cy losZ{k.k* dk uke fn;k x;k gSA dbZ fo'ks"kK ljdkj ds bl dk;Z dks Hkh ,u,l,lvks dh dk;Ziz.kkyh esa vuko';d gLr{ksi ekurs gSaA

¥ 2008 ds foÙkh; ladV ds ckn Je vkSj jkstxkj ea=kky; dk Je C;wjks (Labour

Bureau) ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa jkstxkj dh fLFkfr tkuus gsrq frekgh :i ls losZ djrk gS ysfdu ljdkj bldh fjiksVks± o losZ{k.kksa dks dpjs ds fMCcs esa Mky nsrh gSA

Je C;wjks us eqnzk (MUDRA) Í.k ;kstuk }kjk ns'k esa mRiUu jkstxkjksa ds vk¡dM+ksa dks tqVkus dh viuh fjiksVZ iwjh dj yh gS vkSj ^Je ,oa jkstxkj ea=kky;* dks lkSai Hkh nh gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd dsUnz ljdkj dks fiNys o"kks± esa ukSdjh ds voljksa dks u mRiUu dj ikus ds dkj.k dkiQh vkykspuk dk lkeuk djuk iM+k Fkk] blfy, Je vkSj jkstxkj ea=kky; us êqnzk Í.k ;kstuk* ds rgr l`ftr gqbZ ukSdfj;ksa ds vk¡dM+s tqVkus gsrq Je C;wjks dks dk;Z lkSaik FkkA

¥ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds èkkfeZd vk¡dM+ksa dks rRdkyhu ljdkj us tkjh ugha fd;k Fkk] ftUgsa 2015 esa u;h ljdkj us tkjh fd;kA mYys[kuh; gS fd tux.kuk ds èkkfeZd vk¡dM+ksa ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd fdl èkeZ esa fdrus yksx gSa vkSj fiNys ,d n'kd esa mudh tula[;k esa o`f¼ dSlh jgh gSA

¥ lu~ 2013&14 esa efgyk vkSj cky fodkl ea=kky; ds funsZ'k ij ;wfulsiQ us ns'k Hkj esa cPpksa dh fLFkfr tkuus gsrq ,d losZ{k.k fd;k vkSj 2015 esa ^jSfiM losZ vkWu fpYMªsu* (Rapid Survey on Children) fjiksVZ dks izLrqr fd;k] ftls rRdkyhu ljdkj us lkoZtfud ugha fd;kA

ljdkj MkVk dks lkoZtfud djus ls D;ksa drjkrh gS

¥ bl izdkj ds MkVk dks ljdkj lkoZtfud djus ls ijgst djrh gS D;ksafd ljdkj dks foi{kh nyksa ds }kjk ernkrkvksa dks xqejkg djus dk Hk; lrkrk jgrk gSA dqN fo}kuksa dk ekuuk gS fd 2011 dh tux.kuk ds èkkfeZd vk¡dM+ksa dks rRdkyhu ljdkj us blfy, ugha tkjh fd;k Fkk D;ksafd lu~ 2014 ds vke pquko esa mUgsa ernkrkvksa ds èkzqohdj.k dk Mj lrk jgk FkkA mYys[kuh; gS fd ;s vk¡dM+s n'kkZ jgs Fks fd fiNys ,d n'kd (2000&2010) esa ns'k esa eqfLye leqnk; dh tula[;k esa fgUnqvksa dh vis{kk vR;fèkd o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

¥ ljdkj mu vk¡dM+ksa dks lkoZtfud djus ls Hkh ijgst djrh gS tks mlds jk"Vªh; usrk dh Nfo dks èkDdk igq¡pk ldrs gSaA dqN fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd lu~ 2015 esa ;wfulsiQ }kjk izLrqr fjiksVZ ^jSfiM losZ vkWu fpYMªsu* (RSOC) esa xqtjkr dh udkjkRed Nfo gksus ds dkj.k rRdkyhu ljdkj us bls lkoZtfud ugha fd;kA



¥ ljdkj gj ml izdkj ds MkVk dks lkoZtfud djus ls drjkrh gS] ftlesa mldh Nfo èkwfey gksus dk [krjk gksrk gSA fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd xjhch js[kk dh lhek o ifjHkk"kk vkSj thMhih o eg¡xkbZ nj ds vkèkkj o"kZ dks cnydj ljdkj vk¡dM+ksa esa gsjiQsj djrh gS rkfd og viuh miyfCèk;ksa dks c<+k&p<+kdj fn[kk lds vkSj viuh Nfo dks mUur dj ldsA

MkVk ds izfr ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk

ljdkjh fjiksVZ ;k losZ{k.k dks ehfM;k lrgh rkSj ij vè;;u djrh gS vkSj mu vk¡dM+ksa dks vLi"V :i ls viuh lqf[kZ;ksa esa 'kkfey djrh gS ftuls mldh Vhvkjih cu lds vkSj ljdkj dh vykspuk gks ldsA mnkgj.k ds fy,] lu~ 2004 esa tc 2001 dh tux.kuk ds èkkfeZd vk¡dM+ksa dks izLrqr fd;k x;k rks ehfM;k us vèkwjs vk¡dM+ksa ds }kjk okn&fookn mRiUu dj fn;kA bu vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj] 1991 dh tux.kuk esa fgUnqvksa esa tula[;k o`f¼ nj 25-1» Fkh tks 2001 dh tux.kuk esa ?kVdj 20-3» jg x;h Fkh] tcfd eqfLye yksxksa dh tula[;k o`f¼ nj bl le;kUrjky esa yxHkx Ms<+ izfr'kr c<+ x;h FkhA vr% ehfM;k us bl rF; dks lqf[kZ;ksa esa yk fn;k vkSj ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa ij izgkj djus yxh] tcfd og eqfLye vkcknh dh tula[;k o`f¼ ds dkj.kksa ij utj ugha nkSM+k jgh Fkh] ftls ckn esa ljdkj us Li"V fd;kA ljdkj us crk;k fd 1991 dh tux.kuk esa tEew&d'ehj jkT; 'kkfey ugha Fkk tcfd 2001 dh tux.kuk esa bls 'kkfey fd;k x;kA blfy, eqfLye vkcknh esa tula[;k o`f¼ dh fLFkfr n`f"Vxkspj gks jgh gSA

MkVk dks lkoZtfud djuk D;ksa vko';d gS

¥ uhfr fuekZrkvksa dks uhfr;k¡ cukus gsrq ,d izekf.kd vkSj fo'oluh; MkVk dh t:jr gksrh gS] tSls& ns'k ls csjkstxkjh ds mUewyu gsrq ;g tkuuk vko';d gksrk gS fd orZeku le; esa fdrus Jecy dks jkstxkj feyk gqvk gS vkSj og fdl izÑfr dk gSA lu~ 2011&12 ds ckn ls vHkh rd ns'k esa csjkstxkjh dh nj tkuus gsrq losZ{k.k ugha fd;k x;k gSA vr% uhfr fuekZrkvksa dks csjkstxkjh mUewyu dh uhfr fuekZ.k gsrq bZih,iQvks (deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk laxBu) ds vk¡dM+ksa ij fuHkZj gksuk iM+ jgk gS] tks vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, mfpr fLFkfr ugha gSA

¥ fdlh Hkh yksdra=k esa vk¡dM+ksa dk cgqr egÙo gksrk gS D;ksafd bUgha ds vkèkkj ij ljdkj ds dk;ks± dh leh{kk gksrh gSA

¥ ,d ckj losZ{k.k gksus ds ckn mldh fjiksVZ dks fNik ikuk dkiQh eqf'dy dk;Z gksrk gSA fjiksVZ ds vk¡dM+s fdlh u fdlh izdkj ls yhd gks gh tkrs gSaA ysfdu ;s vLi"V vk¡dM+s ljdkj ij la'k; mRiUu djrs gSa vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, uqdlkunsg gksrs gSaA

¥ lu~ 1990 esa varjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k (vkbZ,e,iQ) us dgk Fkk fd mlds }kjk cuk;s x, ^fo'ks"k MsVk izlkj ekudksa* (SDDS) ds vuqlkj ;fn dksbZ ns'k vius ;gk¡ jkstxkj] csjkstxkj vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dh vU; xfrfofèk;ksa ds vk¡dM+s ,df=kr djsxk rks og mnkjhdj.k ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; cktkj ls egÙke ykHk mBk ldsxkA Hkkjr us lu~ 1996 esa bu ekudksa (SDDS) dks viuk fy;k FkkA

D;k okLro esa ns'k esa csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr xEHkhj gS

ljdkjh vk¡dM+s vHkh lkoZtfud ugha fd;s x;s gSa] ftlls csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr dk lVhd vuqeku yxkuk eqf'dy gS] ysfdu ,u,l,lvks ds ^uohu vkofèkd Je cy losZ{k.k* ds yhd vk¡dM+ksa vkSj fofHkUu Lora=k fFkad VSad dh fjiksVks± ds vkèkkj ij dbZ fo'ks"kK ns'k esa csjkstxkjh dh xEHkhj fLFkfr;ksa dh vksj bafxr dj jgs gSaA lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukWeh (CMIE) us csjkstxkjh ds vk¡dM+ksa dks vkèkqfud rjhds ls ,df=kr o fo'ysf"kr djds ^miHkksDrk fijkfeM ?kjsyw losZ{k.k* (CPHS-

Consumer Pyramid Household Survey) ds rgr Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds ckjs esa fuEukafdr vk¡dM+s fn;s&

¥ orZeku esa Hkkjr esa ^Je cy Hkkxhnkjh nj* (Labour Force Participation Rate- LFPR) yxHkx 47 izfr'kr gS tks oSf'od ekud (66 izfr'kr) ls dkiQh de gSA

¥ foeqnzhdj.k vkSj th,lVh ds mfpr fØ;kUo;u ds u gks ikus ls vFkZO;oLFkk esa fujk'kk ds ekgkSy us tUe fy;k gS vkSj Hkkjh la[;k esa yksxksa dk vis{kkÑr ukSdjh ugha fey ikbZ gS] ftlls csjkstxkjh dh nj vkSj vfèkd c<+ x;h gSA

¥ ns'k esa fiNys dqN o"kks± esa Je cy esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ?kVh gS] ftlds fuEu dkj.k gSa&

� ?kjsyw vk; esa o`f¼ gksus ds dkj.k efgyk,¡ vc ckgj tkdj ukSdjh djus ls cprh gSa D;ksafd muds ?kj dh foÙkh; t:jr iq#"kksa dh dekbZ ls gh iwjh gks tk jgh gSA

� ns'k esa fir`lÙkkRed lksp mYys[kuh; :i ls ean iM+h gS] ftlls vc efgyk;sa Hkh mPp f'k{kk dh vksj vxzlj gq;ha gSaA mPp f'k{kk xzg.k djus okyh vfèkdrj efgyk;sa fdlh u fdlh izdkj ls jkstxkj ls c¼ Fkha] blfy, ns'k ds Jecy esa efgykvksa dh deh ntZ gqbZ gSA

� lqj{kkRed dkj.kksa ls Hkh efgyk;sa jkstxkj ds fy, de mUeq[k gks jgh gSaA

� ekr`Ro vodk'k vfèkfu;e tSls izkoèkkuksa ds pyrs izkbosV lsDVj efgykvksa dks ukSdjh nsus esa dksrkgh cjrrk gSA

¥ 2010&11 esa fuos'k izLrko (Investment

Proposals) vius pje ij Fkk (yxHkx 25 fVªfy;u #i;s) tks èkhjs&èkhjs ?kVdj 2018 esa 10 fVªfy;u #i;s gh jg x;kA xkSjryc gS fd fuos'k vkSj jkstxkj dk izR;{k lacaèk gksrk gSA

lh,evkbZbZ ds mi;qZDr vk¡dM+ksa ls ns'k esa csjsktxkjh dh fLFkfr vis{kkÑr c<+h gq;h izrhr gksrh gS ysfdu ;g dksbZ xEHkhj ladV dh fLFkfr ugha gSA vxj lw{e Lrj ls ns[kk tk;s rks csjkstxkjh nj dh vis{kk Je cy Hkkxhnkjh nj (LFPR) ij T;knk vlj iM+k gSA Je cy Hkkxhnkjh nj yxkrkj ?kV jgh gS tks fpark dk fo"k; gSA

csjkstxkjh ds c<+us ds dkj.k

¥ Hkkjr us Lora=krk ds ckn ls uCcs ds n'kd rd Ñf"k {ks=k ij T;knk è;ku fn;k Fkk rkfd ns'k dh fo'kky vkcknh dh [kk| t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsA 1990 esa mnkjhdj.k ds vkus ds ckn ns'k esa fofuekZ.k vkSj lsok {ks=k us Hkh xfr idM+h fdUrq lsok

15ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


{ks=k bruk rsth ls fodflr gqvk ftlls yxus yxk fd ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk us Ñf"k ls lhèks lsok {ks=k dh vksj Nyk¡x yxk nh vkSj fofuekZ.k {ks=k chp esa gh NwV x;k] tcfd fofuekZ.k {ks=k gh Je xgurk dk {ks=k gksrk gSA vr% gekjs uhfr fuèkkZjdksa us fofuekZ.k {ks=k dks Roj.k iznku djus gsrq if'peh ns'kksa dh rjg iw¡th izèkku m|ksxksa (Capital Intensive Industries) dh vksj :[k fd;k tcfd ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk] dks Je izèkku m|ksxksa dh vko';drk gSA bl izdkj xyr uhfr;ksa us csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr;ksa dks vkSj xEHkhj cuk fn;kA

¥ Jecy dks vkèkqfud t:jrksa ds vuqlkj dkS'ky ugha fn;k x;kA

¥ Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh vkSifuosf'kddkyhu Je dkuwu fo|eku gSa] ftlls fuos'k udkjkRed :i ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA

csjkstxkjh ds nq"ifj.kke

fuLlansg csjkstxkjh Hkkjr dh ewyHkwr ,oa vR;ar xaHkhj leL;k gSA ;g ns'k esa O;kid :i ls iQSy jgh gS vkSj le; ds lkFk ;g c<+rh tk jgh gSA dksbZ {ks=k ;k oxZ blls eqDr ugha gSA csjkstxkjh xzkeh.k {ks=k ,oa 'kgjh {ks=k nksuksa esa utj vkrh gSA blh izdkj ;g f'kf{kr o vf'kf{kr oxks± ds chp Hkh ns[kus dks feyrh gSA

csjkstxkjh ds vusd vkfFkZd ,oa vkfFkZdsÙkj nq"ifj.kke gksrs gSa tks O;fDr vkSj lekt nksuksa ds fy, cgqr xaHkhj vkSj ?kkrd izÑfr ds lkfcr gksrs gaSA O;kid csjkstxkjh dh n'kk esa jk"Vªh;

mRiknu dh ek=kk de gks tkrh gS ftldk iw¡th&fuekZ.k] O;kikj] O;olk; vkSj izxfr vkfn ij cgqr xgjk izHkko iM+rk gSA xjhch bldk izR;{k izek.k gSA f'kf{kr csjkstxkjh ds lacaèk esa vfrfjDr cckZnh mu lalkèkuksa dh Hkh gksrh gS tks muds dkS'ky vkSj izf'k{k.k esa yxs gksrs gSaA csjkstxkjh ds vkfFkZdsÙkj ifj.kke de gkfudkjd o xaHkhj ugha gksrsA lkekftd lqj{kk ds vHkko esa csjkstxkj O;fDr izk;% pksjh] MdSrh] csbZekuh] 'kjkc[kksjh vkfn cqjkb;ksa ds f'kdkj gks tkrs gSaA muds thou dk dksbZ vFkZ o egÙo ugha jg tkrkA vr% yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks mBkus rFkk ns'k dh cgqeq[kh izxfr o le`f¼ ds fy, csjkstxkjh dh leL;k dk gy <w¡<uk fuLlansg ,d vko';d 'krZ gSA

ljdkjh iz;kl

csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr ls fuiVus gsrq ljdkj us fuEufyf[kr iz;kl fd;s gSa&

¥ ljdkj us m|ksxksa dh ek¡x ds vuq:i Jecy dks fodflr djus gsrq lu~ 2015 esa fLdy bafM;k izksxzke dh 'kq:vkr dhA

¥ ns'k esa T;knk ls T;knk jkstxkj ds volj fodflr djus gsrq ^LVS.Mvi ,aM LVkVZvi bafM;k* izksxzke dh 'kq:vkr dh x;hA

¥ Je cy esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kus gsrq Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj mUgsa lLrh njksa ij Í.k miyCèk djk;k tk jgk gSA

¥ Lo;a dk O;olk; 'kq: djus gsrq ljdkj

eqnzk ;kstuk ds rgr lw{e Í.k miyCèk djk jgh gSA

¥ ns'k ds ykWftfLVd {ks=k] Je lqèkkj] flaxy foaMks flLVe] mQtkZ miyCèkrk bR;kfn esa lqèkkj djds ljdkj us lu~ 2016 ls yxkrkj fo'o cSad ds bZt vkWiQ Mwb±x fctusl baMsDl esa viuh jSad dks mUur fd;k gSA

¥ xzkeh.k {ks=k esa csjkstxkjh dks lhfer djus ds fy, ljdkj us lu~ 2005 esa ^egkRek xk¡èkh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.Vh vfèkfu;e* ds rgr eujsxk ;kstuk dh 'kq:vkr dhA

vkxs dh jkg

21oha lnh esa mlh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk lwjt dh rjg pedsxh] tks vk¡dM+ksa ds ,d=khdj.k o fo'ys"k.k ij viuh idM+ cuk;sxkA vr% ljdkj dks pkfg, fd MkVk (vk¡dM+k) ds {ks=k esa visf{kr fuos'k c<+kuk pkfg, vkSj bl {ks=k ls lacafèkr jk"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ds Lora=k fodkl dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A

ljdkj dks Je cy esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kus ds lkFk&lkFk ns'k esa jkstxkj] O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k vkSj ekuo lalkèku dh xq.koÙkk ds fodkl ij Hkh è;ku nsuk pkfg,A


¥ Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk ;kstuk] lalk/uksa dks tqVkus] izxfr] fodkl rFkk jkstxkj ls lacf/r eqísA

¢

7- iqyokek geyk vkSj Hkkjrh; izfrfØ;k

ppkZ dk dkj.k

14 iQjojh] 2019 dks tEew&Jhuxj jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ij iqyokek esa lhvkjih,iQ ds dkfiQys ij vkbZbZMh ls Hkjh gq;h dkj ds }kjk cM+k vkradh geyk fd;k x;kA blesa lhvkjih,iQ ds 40 ls vfèkd toku 'kghn gks x;s vkSj ntZuksa toku t[eh gq,A tEew&d'ehj ds vkradh bfrgkl dk bls lcls cM+k vkradoknh geyk ekuk tk jgk gSA bl geys ds igys mM+h esa 2016 esa lsuk ds dSEi ij vkradh geyk gqvk Fkk ftlesa 18 toku 'kghn gks x;s FksA iqyokek esa gq, vkradh geys dh dM+h fuank djrs gq, jk"Vªifr o izèkkuea=kh us dgk fd vkradokn ds

f[kykiQ iwjk ns'k ,dtqV gS vkSj blds fy, ftEesnkj yksxksa dks Hkkjh dher pqdkuh gksxhA

ifjp;

14 tuojh ls igys yxHkx ,d lIrkg rd tEew&Jhuxj jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ciQZckjh ds dkj.k can FkkA vr% lhvkjih,iQ tokuksa dks Jhuxj Hkstus ds fy, mudk dkfiQyk tEew ls blh jktekxZ ij jokuk fd;k x;k] ftlesa 2500 ls vfèkd toku FksA ysfdu iqyokek esa voarhiqjk ds ikl 60 fdyks ls Hkh vfèkd vkbZbZMh (Improvised Explosive Device) ls ynh gq;h dkj us bl dkfiQys ij vkRe?kkrh geyk fd;kA bl geys dh ftEesnkjh ikfdLrku fLFkr

^tS'k&,&eqgEen* vkradh laxBu us yh gS] tcfd ikfdLrku us iwoZ dh gh Hkk¡fr bl geys esa vius fdlh izdkj ds gkFk gksus ls iYyk >kM+k gSA è;krO; gS fd ikfdLrku dh [kqfiQ;k ,tsalh ^vkbZ,lvkbZ*] vkehZ vkSj vkradh laxBu dh f=kdks.kh; tqxycUnh Hkkjr esa gksus okyh vfèkdrj vkradh ?kVukvksa ds fy, ftEesnkj gSaA njvly ikfdLrku lÙkj ds n'kd esa gh le> x;k Fkk fd Hkkjr ls izR;{k ;q¼ esa thruk yxHkx vlEHko gS] vr% Hkkjr ds f[kykiQ mlus ^Nn~e ;q¼* (Proxy War) NsM+k vkSj ^CyhM bafM;k fon , FkkmtsaM dV* (Bleed India with a

Thousand Cuts) dh uhfr viuk;hA



i`"BHkwfe

ikfdLrku dh lsuk vkSj vkbZ,lvkbZ us vkradokfn;ksa ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr esa dbZ cM+s&cM+s geys djk;s gSa&

¥ lu~ 2001 esa ikfdLrku lefFkZr vkrafd;ksa us Hkkjr ds laln ij geyk fd;k] ftls Hkkjr us viuh lEizHkqrk vkSj yksdra=k ij geyk ekuk Fkk vkSj ikfdLrku ls yxrh if'peh lhek ij dbZ fnuksa rd lsuk dh rSukrh jgh Fkh ftlls ikfdLrku lge x;k Fkk fd dgha Hkkjr izR;{k ;q¼ u NsM+ nsA

¥ lu~ 2002 esa tEew ,oa d'ehj ds dkywpd esa gq, vkradh geys esa yxHkx 36 toku 'kghn gks x;s FksA blh izdkj lu~ 2004 esa dkthxqaM (tEew ,oa d'ehj) esa vkbZbZMh foLiQksV esa 19 toku 'kghn gq, Fks vkSj muds ifjokjksa ds 11 lnL;ksa dh ekSr gks xbZ FkhA

¥ 2008 esa Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd jktèkkuh eqEcbZ ij vkrafd;ksa us geyk fd;kA bu vkrafd;ksa dk Hkkjrh; lsuk ls dqN fnuksa rd la?k"kZ gqvk vkSj bl la?k"kZ ds nkSjku vkrafd;ksa dks lhekikj cSBs muds lkfFk;ksa ls yxkrkj funsZ'k izkIr gksrs jgsA

¥ lu~ 2016 esa Hkkjr us nks cM+s vkradh geyksa dks >syk Fkk& iBkudksV o mM+hA mM+h geys ds ckn Hkkjr us nks cM+h dkjZokb;k¡ dh Fkha&

� ikd vfèkÑr d'ehj fLFkr vkradokfn;ksa ds csldSai ij lftZdy LVªkbdA

� tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; esa vkrafd;ksa ds usVodZ dks èoLr djus ds fy, lsuk us vkWijs'ku pyk;kA

iqyokek geys ds dkj.k

ikfdLrku esa u;h ljdkj ds xfBr gksus ds ckn izèkkuea=kh bejku [kku us dgk Fkk fd vc ikfdLrku ,d u;h lksp okyk ikfdLrku gS tks Hkkjr ds lkFk 'kkafr okrkZ dk i{kèkj gS vkSj blh Øe esa mUgksaus djrkjiqj dkWfjMksj dk mn~?kkVu fd;k ftlesa ikfdLrku vkehZ ds phiQ ^tkosn cktok* Hkh igq¡ps FksA ikfdLrku ds bl izdkj ds iz;klksa ls dqN yksx mEehn djus yxs Fks fd ikfdLrku dh ljdkj vkSj lsuk nksuksa gh Hkkjr ds lkFk lacaèkksa dks ysdj xEHkhj gSaA ysfdu ikfdLrku dks le>us okys j{kk fo'ks"kKksa us dgk fd ;g fliQZ ikfdLrku dh pky Fkh fd Hkkjr dks igys 'kkafr okrkZ esa my>k;k tk; vkSj fiQj

vke pquko ds Bhd igys geyk fd;k tk;] ml le; Hkkjr ikfdLrku ds f[kykiQ dksbZ cM+k fu.kZ; ugha ys ldsxkA

j{kk fo'ks"kK iqyokek geys ds ihNs fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa dk mYys[k djrs gSa&

¥ ftl izdkj phu us la;qDr jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn esa dbZ ckj ohVks dk bLrseky djds elwn vtgj vkSj mlds laxBu ^tS'k&,&eqgEen* dks izfrcaèk ls cpk;k gS] mlls ikfdLrku dk vkRefo'okl igys ls dkiQh c<+k gSA

¥ ,f'k;k esa nks cM+h 'kfDr;k¡ Hkkjr o phu gSaA phu dks yxrk gS fd ;fn ,f'k;k esa mls dksbZ pqukSrh ns ldsxk rks og Hkkjr gh gSA vr% phu Hkkjr dks larqfyr djus ds fy, ikfdLrku dk dkMZ [ksyrk gSA phu pkgrk gS fd Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds chp d'ehj eqík cuk jgs rkfd Hkkjr bUghsa lc fnDdrksa esa my>k jgs vkSj phu dk eqdkcyk djus ds ckjs esa lksp Hkh u ik;sA

¥ viQxkfuLrku ls vc vesfjdh iQkSt ckgj fudy jgh gS] rks bl fLFkfr esa ikfdLrku dh Hkwfedk dkiQh vge gks x;h gS] D;ksafd ikfdLrku vkSj rkfycku ds lacaèk dkiQh etcwr gSaA ikfdLrku dks yxrk gS fd viQxkfuLrku esa 'kkafr vkSj rkfycku ij fu;a=k.k ds uke ij dksbZ Hkh varjkZ"Vªh; 'kfDr (;Fkk& vesfjdk] :l vkSj phu vkfn) mlds f[kykiQ ,d Lrj ls vkxs ugha c<+ ldsaxsA vr% Hkkjr ij gksus okys vkradoknh geys ls mls varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij T;knk uqdlku ugha mBkuk iM+sxkA

¥ vkradokfn;ksa ds f[kykiQ vkWijs'ku ls Hkkjrh; lsuk us tEew ,oa d'ehj esa vkradh xfrfofèk;ksa dks dkiQh lhfer dj fn;k Fkk] tks ikfdLrku fLFkr vkradh laxBuksa dks dkiQh grksRlkfgr djus okyh fLFkfr FkhA vr% tEew ,oa d'ehj esa Hkkjrh; lsuk ds eukscy ,oa xfr'khyrk dks ean djus ds fy, bl geys dks vatke fn;k x;kA

¥ ikfdLrku] d'ehj eqís dks ges'kk lqf[kZ;ksa esa j[kuk pkgrk gS] blfy, og le;≤ ij bl jkT; esa cM+s&cM+s vkradh geyksa dks vatke nsrk jgrk gSA

¥ vkbZbZMh ;qDr vkRe?kkrh geyk tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; esa fiNys dbZ o"kks± ls ugha gqvk FkkA ysfdu lhfj;k] viQxkfuLrku vkSj bZjkd vkfn esa vkbZbZMh ds c<+rs bLrseky ls

ikfdLrku dks izsj.kk feyhA mYys[kuh; gS fd dkj ce tSls vkRe?kkrh geys ls de lalkèkuksa ds }kjk gh o`gn Lrj ij uqdlku igq¡pk;k tk ldrk gSA vkradh geyksa esa vkbZbZMh ds iz;ksx ls ikfdLrku dk Hkkjr ds fo#¼ Nn~e ;q¼ dk Lo:i cnyk gSA xkSjryc gS fd lu~ 2013 esa iwoZ jk"Vªh; lqj{kk lykgdkj ^f'ko'kadj esuu* us dgk Fkk fd vkRe?kkrh geyksa dks nqfu;k dh dksbZ Hkh lsuk yM+kbZ ds eSnku esa ugha jksd ldrh gSA vkRe?kkrh geyksa dks jksdus ds fy, vfxze dneksa dks mBkus dh vko';drk gS ftlesa [kqfiQ;k ra=k dks etcwr djuk] LFkkuh; iqfyl o yksxksa dk lg;ksx izkIr djuk vkSj lhek lqj{kk c<+kuk vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

Hkkjr ds ikl fodYi

vkradoknh geyksa dks jksdus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj ds ikl dbZ fodYi ekStwn gSa ftuesa ls dqN fodYi fuEufyf[kr gSa&

izR;{k ;q¼

Hkkjr esa vfèkdrj vkradoknh ?kVukvksa dks vatke lhek ikj fLFkr vkradh laxBuksa }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA blfy, Hkkjr vius iM+kslh ns'k ^ikfdLrku* dks lcd fl[kkus ds fy, izR;{k ;q¼ NsM+ ldrk gSA xkSjryc gS fd izR;{k ;q¼ esa nksuksa ns'kksa dh lsuk,¡ izR;{k :i ls vkeus&lkeus gksdj yM+rh gSaA

dqN j{kk fo'ks"kKksa dk dguk gS fd 1947 ds ckn ,yvkslh (ykbu vkWiQ dUVªksy) ij ^de rhozrk dk ;q¼* (Low Intensity War- LIW) fNM+k gqvk gS ;k nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks Lora=krk izkfIr ds ckn ls gh ikfdLrku us Hkkjr ds f[kykiQ fofHkUu eqíksa dks ysdj Nn~e ;q¼ NsM+ j[kk gS] ftlls Hkkjr dks Hkkjh ek=kk esa lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd vkfn {kfr gqbZ gSA ysfdu 21oha lnh esa ikfdLrku us Hkkjr esa cM+s&cM+s vkradh geyksa dks vatke nsuk 'kq: dj fn;k gS] ftlls Hkkjr ds lcz dk ck¡èk VwV jgk gSA vr% vc Hkkjr dks lHkh ekspks± (;Fkk& jktuSfrd] j.kuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj fefyVªh vkfn) ij ;q¼ NsM+ nsuk pkfg,A izR;{k ;q¼ ds i{k esa j{kk fo'ks"kK fuEufyf[kr rdZ nsrs gSa&

¥ Hkkjr dh vHkh rd dh uhfr;k¡ ikfdLrku dks fu;af=kr djus esa ukdke jgh gSa] ;Fkk& j.kuhfrd ?ksjkcanh] f}i{kh; O;kikj dks lhfer djuk] lftZdy LVªkbd] okrkZ jí djuk] fdlh Hkh rjg ds lacaèkksa dk foPNsn djuk bR;kfnA

17ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


¥ Hkkjr ds U;wfDy;j o vU; vkèkqfud gfFk;kj ikfdLrku esa Mj mRiUu djus esa ukdke jgs gSaA

¥ vesfjdk tSlh egk'kfDr vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; ekgkSy gekjs i{k esa gSaA vr% ikfdLrku dks lcd fl[kkus dk ;g lgh oDr gSA

¥ vHkh rd ftrus Hkh Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼ gq, gSa] muesa Hkkjr fot;h jgk gSA

bl izdkj mi;qZDr rF;ksa ds vkèkkj ij ikfdLrku ls izR;{k ;q¼ dks 'kq: djds Hkkjr vkradokn o Nn~e ;q¼ ls eqfDr ik ldrk gS] ysfdu Hkkjr ds dqN j{kk fo'ks"kK izR;{k ;q¼ dks leL;k dk gy ugha ekurs gSa] ftlds fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gSa&

¥ gky gh esa laln dh LFkk;h lfefr dh fjiksVZ vk;h Fkh fd Hkkjr ds yxHkx 68 izfr'kr fefyVªh midj.k iqjkus gks pqds gSa] ftuls yEcs le; rd vkèkqfud rjhds ls ;q¼ ugha yM+k tk ldrk gSA blds vykok bl lfefr us ;g Hkh dgk fd Hkkjr ds ikl vk;qèk&laHkkj (Ammunition) bruk Hkh ugha gS fd Hkkjr yxkrkj 10 fnuksa rd ;q¼ dks tkjh j[k ldsA

¥ fdlh Hkh ;q¼ esa ok;qlsuk dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gS ysfdu Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk dh fLFkfr orZeku esa mruh vPNh ugha gSA bl le; ok;qlsuk esa 42 LDokMªu gSa] ftlesa ls 24 gh lgh ek;us esa lapkyu (Operationalise) dh fLFkfr esa gSaA

¥ fu%lansg Hkkjrh; lsuk ds toku cgknqj gSa] ysfdu vkt ;q¼ esa toku ls T;knk rduhd dk egÙo gSA vkt dk ;qx varfj{k ;q¼ vkSj lkbcj ;q¼ tSlh fLFkfr;ksa dh vksj vxzlj gSA Hkkjr vHkh rduhd :i ls mruk mUur ugha gSA

¥ ;fn Hkkjr us ikfdLrku ds f[kykiQ ;q¼ NsM+k rks gks ldrk gS fd mldk fe=k ns'k phu Hkh iwohZ lhek ij ;q¼ dh vk'kadkvksa dks tUe ns nsA bldk ifj.kke ;g gksxk fd Hkkjr nksuksa ekspks± ij ;q¼ esa my> tk,xk ftlls ,d u;h leL;k mRiUu gks tk,xhA

¥ bfrgkl xokg gS fd vHkh rd dksbZ Hkh 'kfDr'kkyh ns'k nwljs de 'kfDr'kkyh ns'k dks izR;{k ;q¼ ds ekè;e ls lcd fl[kkdj lgh jkLrs ij ugha yk ik;k gSA vesfjdk us fo'o esa dbZ ns'kksa esa ;q¼ yM+s

gSa ysfdu muds vatke Hk;kog jgs vkSj vesfjdk mu ns'kksa ds x`g ;q¼ksa esa my>dj jg x;k rks bl fLFkfr esa ;g dSls dYiuk dh tk ldrh gS fd ;q¼ ls ikfdLrku lgh jkLrs ij vk ldrk gSA

¥ izR;{k ;q¼ esa Hkkjr&ikd nksuksa dks cjkcj dk uqdlku gksxk u fd fdlh ,d ns'k dksA j{kk fo'ks"kK dkjfxy ;q¼ dk mnkgj.k nsrs gSa ftlesa Hkkjr ds 500 ls vfèkd toku 'kghn gq, Fks vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks Hkkjh {kfr mBkuh iM+h FkhA

¥ tc fdlh ns'k ds f[kykiQ ;q¼ dks NsM+k tkrk gS rks nks vofèk dh j.kuhfr;k¡ viuk;h tkrh gSa& y?kq vofèk vkSj nh?kZ vofèkA y?kq vofèk esa FkksM+s ls le; ds fy, Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼ gksxk] rkfd ikfdLrku dks lcd fl[kk;k tk ldsA ysfdu Hkkjr&ikd ds chp iwoZ ds ;q¼ksa dk vuqHko dgrk gS fd y?kq vofèk ds ;q¼ksa ls ikfdLrku dks nh?kZdkfyd :i ls fu;af=kr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj nh?kZdkfyd ;q¼ ds fy, Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk vHkh rS;kj ugha gSA

Hkkjrh; izfrfØ;k

vkfFkZd i{k% dqN j{kk fo'ks"kK dgrs gSa fd Hkkjr }kjk ikfdLrku dks vkfFkZd {kfr igq¡pk;h tkuh pkfg, rkfd ogk¡ iQy&iQwy jgs vkradh laxBuksa dk foÙkh; iks"k.k lhfer gks ldsA tc fdlh laxBu dk foÙk iks"k.k ugha gks ik;sxk rks mUgsa lapkfyr djuk eqf'dy gks tk;sxkA blfy, Hkkjr dks ikfdLrku ls flUèkq ty le>kSrk vkSj O;kikfjd lacaèkksa dks rksM+ ysuk pkfg,A

ikfdLrku dks vkfFkZd :i ls {kfr igq¡pkus ds fy, Hkkjr us eksLV iQsoMZ us'ku (MFN) dk ntkZ okil ys fy;k gSA blds lkFk gh fofHkUu foÙkh; varjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa (;Fkk& iQkbusaf'k;y ,D'ku VkLd iQkslZ vkfn) ls ikfdLrku dks dkyh lwph esa Mkys tkus dk vkxzg fd;k gSA blh dk ifj.kke gS fd ,iQ,Vh,iQ us ikfdLrku dks xzs fyLV (fuxjkuh lwph) esa Mkyk gqvk gSA

dqN j{kk fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd Hkkjr }kjk ikfdLrku ls ,e,iQ,u (MFN) dk ntkZ okil ysus ls ikfdLrku dks T;knk vkfFkZd {kfr ugha gks ik;sxh D;ksafd ikfdLrku esa Hkkjr dk fu;kZr T;knk gS tcfd ogk¡ ls vk;kr de gksrk gSA blds vykok ikfdLrku dh oLrq,¡ vU; ns'kksa (tSls& ;w,bZ] flaxkiqj] lmQnh vjc bR;kfn) vkSj Lefyax ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr esa vk ldrh gSaA blh izdkj ,iQ,Vh,iQ tSls foÙkh; laxBuksa dh Hkh viuh lhek;sa gSaA

iqyokek geys ds dqN fnu ckn gh Hkkjr us dM+h dkjZokbZ djrs gq, ,;j LVªkbd dh vkSj ikd vfèkÑr d'ehj fLFkr tS'k&,&eqgeen ds vkradh csl dSEiksa dk rckg dj fn;kA bl dkjZokbZ ls Hkkjr us vkradokfn;ksa dks ,d dM+k lans'k fn;k vkSj muds eu esa Hk; iSnk

fd;kA Hkkjr dh dkjZokbZ dks ikfdLrku us viuh lEizHkqrk ij geyk crkrs gq, tokch dkjZokbZ dhA mlds foeku Hkkjrh; lhek esa izos'k fd;s] gkyk¡fd mlds ,d iQkbVj foeku ^,iQ&16* dks Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk us ekj fxjk;kA blh nkSjku Hkkjr dk ,d iQkbVj foeku ^fex&21* nqHkkZX;iw.kZ rjhds ls {kfrxzLr gksdj ikfdLrku dh lhek esa tk fxjk vkSj mlds ik;yV dks ikd lsuk us canh cuk fy;kA Hkkjr ljdkj us tsusok lafèk ds rgr vius ik;yV dks tYn ls tYn fjgk djus gsrq ikfdLrku ljdkj dks psrkouh nh gSA mijksDr ?kVukØe us Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds chp ruko dks pje ij igq¡pk fn;k gSA

dwVuhfrd iz;kl

Hkkjr ljdkj dks fofHkUu ns'kksa ds ekè;e ls ikfdLrku ij ;g ncko cuokuk pkfg, fd og vius ;gk¡ vkradh usVodZ dks èoLr djsaA ysfdu bl dwVuhfrd ncko dh Hkh viuh lhek;sa gSa D;ksafd varjkZ"Vªh; 'kfDr;k¡ (;Fkk&;w,l, vkfn) viQxkfuLrku esa ikfdLrku dh Hkwfedk dks ns[krs gq, ,d Lrj ls T;knk ncko ugha cuk;saxhA

flUèkq ty le>kSrk

Hkkjr bl le>kSrs dks rksM+us ds fy, vizR;kf'kr :i ls dne ugha mBk ldrk gS] D;ksafd&

¥ bl le>kSrs esa fo'o cSad 'kkfey gS vkSj tc ;g le>kSrk VwVsxk rks ;g varjkZ"Vªh; eqík cu ldrk gSA

¥ ikfdLrku dk fe=k ns'k phu] czãiq=k unh dk ikuh jksd ldrk gS ftlls mÙkj&iwohZ Hkkjr esa ty ladV mRiUu gks ldrk gSA

¥ Hkkjr dh vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk vHkh mruh etcwr ugha gS fd flaèkq ,oa mldh lgk;d ufn;ksa ds lEiw.kZ ikuh dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldsA

Nn~e ;q¼

dqN j{kk fo'ks"kK dgrs gSa fd ikfdLrku dks mlh dh Hkk"kk esa tokc nsus dh t:jr gS vFkkZr~ Hkkjr dks Hkh jkW (RAW) tSlh ,tsafl;ksa ds }kjk ikfdLrku ds f[kykiQ Nn~e ;q¼ NsM+uk pkfg,A gkyk¡fd bl izdkj dh j.kuhfr ds foi{k esa dqN rdZ fn;s tkrs gSa&

¥ Hkkjr }kjk bl izdkj dh xfrfofèk;ksa esa fyIr gksus ls Hkkjr dh varjkZ"Vªh; Nfo [kjkc gksxhA

¥ Hkkjr dh laLÑfr ,slh ugha gS fd bl izdkj dh xfrfofèk;ksa dh vuqefr nsA

¥ dqN j{kk fo'ks"kK dgrs gSa fd iatkc esa [kkfyLrku dks jkW ds Nn~e ;q¼ ls fu;af=kr ugha fd;k x;k cfYd [kkfyLrku ds [kkRes



esa ljdkj dh mi;qDr uhfr;k¡ o iatkc ds ;qokvksa dk dkiQh ;ksxnku jgkA

lq>ko

¥ Hkkjr] ikd ds f[kykiQ lhfer ek=kk esa ;q¼ djds tokc ns ldrk gS_ tSls& ,;jiQkslZ Hkkjrh; lhek esa gh jgdj ikfdLrku fLFkr vkradh laxBuksa ds csl dSEi dks felkbyksa ds ekè;e ls èoLr djdsA

¥ varjkZ"Vªh; ncko dks vkSj c<+k;k tkuk pkfg,A

¥ cM+s&cM+s laxBuksa (;Fkk& la;qDr jk"Vª la?k] MCY;wVhvks] fo'o cSad] 'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu vkSj bLykeh lg;ksx laxBu vkfn) ds }kjk Hkh ikfdLrku ij ncko cukus ,oa izfrcaèk yxkus gsrq Hkkjr dks iz;kl djuk pkfg,A ftu laxBuksa ds lnL; Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku nksuksa gSa mu laxBuksa ds ekè;e ls ikfdLrku ij vfrfjDr ncko Mkyk tkuk pkfg,A

¥ ,slk Hkh ns[kk x;k gS fd ftu ns'kksa ds chp O;kikj vkSj ihiy&Vw&ihiy (P2P) lacaèk xgjs gksrs gSa] ogk¡ bl izdkj dh leL;kvksa

dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+rk gSA vr% ljdkj dks dqN ,sls iz;kl djus pkfg, rkfd Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds yksxksa ds chp lacaèkksa dk fodkl gks] rkfd ogk¡ dh vkoke viuh ljdkj ij vkradh xfrfofèk;ksa dks jksdus gsrq ncko cuk ldsaA

¥ Hkkjr dks lhek ij ?kqliSB jksdus gsrq rduhd ds fodkl ij è;ku nsuk gksxk] ;Fkk& Mªksu] {ks=k fo'sk"k ds fy, mixzg fuxjkuh ,oa vU; vkèkqfudre rduhdksa dks viukuk pkfg,A

¥ lqj{kkcyksa dh lqjf{kr vkokxeu ds lkFk&lkFk vU; t:jrksa ij iQksdl djuk gksxkA

¥ vkRe?kkrh geyksa dks jksdus ds fy, baVsyhtsal c<+kuh gksxh] ftlds fy, iqfyl o LFkkuh; yksxksa dh lgk;rk ysuh pkfg,A

¥ vkradokn ds izfr ljdj dks thjks VkWyjsal (Zero Tollerance) dh uhfr viukuh gksxh] fdUrq funksZ"k yksxksa dks vkradokn ds uke ij ijs'kku ugha djuk pkfg,A blds vykok dqN vlkekftd rRoksa] tks vkradokn ds uke ij Hkkjrh; lekt dh lejlrk dks

fNUu&fHkUu djrs gSa] ds f[kykiQ Hkh dBksj dkjZokbZ djuh pkfg,A

¥ ns'k ds fHkUu&fHkUu {ks=kksa esa cls funksZ"k d'ehfj;ksa dh lqj{kk dk nkf;Ro dsUnz o jkT; nksuksa ljdkjksa dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A

vkxs dh jkg

tc fdlh ns'k dh jk"Vªh; lqj{kk loksZifj gksrh gS rHkh ml ns'k dk lekt vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk vkfn lgh rjhds ls fodflr gks ikrk gSA blds fy, ljdkj dks ,d jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dh O;kid j.kuhfr cukuh gksxh] ftlesa rkRdkfyd o nh?kZdkfyd nksuksa izdkj ds y{;ksa dks fuèkkZfjr djuk pkfg,A blds vykok gky gh esa gq, iqyokek geys dk tokc ,d lqLi"V j.kuhfr ds rgr jk"Vªh; ,dtqVrk ds lkFk nsuk pkfg,A


¥ vkarfjd lqj{kk ds fy, pqukSrh mRiUu djus okys 'kklu fojks/h rRoksa dh HkwfedkA

¢


19ekpZ 2019 A vad&1

vkikrdky izkoèkku % vafre fodYi] u fd izFke

iz- ^^vkikrdky ls lacafèkr izkoèkkuksa dks fdlh Hkh ns'k ls iw.kZr% gVk;k ugha tk ldrk gS] fiQj Hkh ;g vafre fodYi gksuk pkfg,] izFke ughaA** O;k[;k dhft,A

mÙkj%

n`f"Vdks.k

¥¥ ppkZ¥dk¥dkj.k

¥¥ ifjp;

¥¥ vesfjdk¥esa¥jk"Vªh;¥vkikrdky¥ds¥izkoèkku

¥¥ Hkkjr¥esa¥jk"Vªh;¥vkikrdky¥ds¥izkoèkku

¥¥ fczVsu¥esa¥jk"Vªh;¥vkikrdky¥ds¥izkoèkku

¥¥ vkikrdky¥ds¥izHkko

¥¥ fu"d"kZ

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥¥ gky¥gh¥esa¥vesfjdk¥ds¥jk"Vªifr¥MksukYM¥Vªai¥us¥vesfjdk¥esa¥jk"Vªh;¥vkikrdky¥dh¥?kks"k.kk¥dh¥gSA¥mUgksaus¥dgk¥gS¥fd¥;g¥dne¥blfy,¥mBk;k¥x;k¥gS¥rkfd¥eSfDldks¥ls¥voSèk¥vkoztdksa]¥vijkfèk;ksa¥rFkk¥eknd¥rLdjksa¥ls¥ns'k¥dks¥cpk;k¥tk¥ldsA¥KkrO;¥gS¥fd¥vesfjdk¥esa¥jk"Vªifr¥pquko¥izpkj¥ds¥nkSjku¥MksukYM¥Vªai¥us¥ns'k¥dh¥lqj{kk¥ds¥ fy,¥vesfjdk¥vkSj¥ eSfDldks¥ds¥ chp¥ ,d¥ nhokj¥ cukus¥dk¥oknk¥fd;k¥FkkA

ifjp;

¥¥ vkikrdkyhu¥'kCn¥ls¥vfHkizk;¥,slh¥fLFkfr¥ls¥gS¥ftlesa¥vkdfLed]¥rRdky¥,oa¥vkerkSj¥ij¥vizR;kf'kr¥?kVuk¥rFkk¥fLFkfr¥ls¥fuiVus¥ds¥fy,¥rRdky¥dkjZokbZ¥dh¥vko';drk¥gksrh¥gSA¥vkikrdkyhu¥izkoèkku¥izR;sd¥laizHkq¥jkT;¥dks¥;g¥vfèkdkj¥nsrk¥gS¥fd¥og¥vius¥jkT;¥dh¥,drk]¥v[k.Mrk¥dks¥vNq..k¥cuk,¥j[kus¥ds¥ fy,¥bldk¥bLrseky¥dj¥ldrk¥gSA

vesfjdk esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky ds izkoèkku

¥¥ vesfjdh¥lafoèkku¥esa¥jk"Vªifr¥dks¥Li"V¥:i¥ls¥dgha¥Hkh¥vkikrdkyhu¥?kks"k.kk¥dh¥'kfDr¥ugha¥nh¥x;h¥gSaA¥bldk¥nk;jk¥dqN¥gn¥rd¥lhfer¥gSA¥vkerkSj¥ij¥;g¥dsoy¥mu¥fLFkfr;ksa¥esa¥yk;k¥tkrk¥gS¥tc¥ekeyk¥turk¥dh¥lqj{kk¥;k¥HkykbZ¥dk¥gksA

lkr fo"k;fu"B iz'u vkSj muds ekWMy mÙkj

Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky ds izkoèkku

¥¥ jk"Vªh;¥vkikr¥dh¥mn~?kks"k.kk¥vuqPNsn¥352¥ds¥rgr¥jk"Vªifr¥}kjk¥dh¥tkrh¥gSA¥tc¥dHkh¥jk"Vªifr¥dks¥;g¥lek/ku¥gks¥tkrk¥gS¥fd¥dksbZ¥,slk¥xaHkhj¥vkikr¥fo|eku¥gS¥ftlesa¥;q¼¥(War)¥;k¥ckg~;¥vkØe.k¥(External Aggression)¥;k¥l'kL=k¥fonzksg¥(Armed Rebellion)¥ds¥dkj.k¥Hkkjr¥;k¥mlds¥fdlh¥Hkkx¥dh¥lqj{kk¥ladV¥esa¥gS¥rks¥og¥laiw.kZ¥Hkkjr¥;k¥mlds¥fdlh¥Hkkx¥ds¥laca/¥esa¥jk"Vªh;¥vkikrdky¥dh¥mn~?kks"k.kk¥dj¥ldrk¥gSA

fczVsu esa jk"Vªh; vkikrdky ds izkoèkku

¥¥ fczVsu¥ esa¥ dk;Zikfydk¥ dks¥ lalnh;¥ izkfèkdj.k¥ ds¥ vykok¥ dksbZ¥vkikrdkyhu¥'kfDr;k¡¥izkIr¥ugha¥gSaA¥ogk¡¥rkt¥(Crown)¥dks¥vkikrdky¥dh¥mn?kks"k.kk¥dk¥vfèkdkj¥izkIr¥ugha¥gSA¥fczVsu¥esa¥;q¼¥ds¥le;¥esa¥Hkh¥lalnh;¥laizHkqrk¥vkSj¥dkuwu¥ds¥'kklu¥dk¥fl¼kUr¥vizHkkfor¥jgrs¥gSaA¥ fczVsu¥esa¥;q¼¥ds¥le;¥vkikrdky¥rFkk¥'kkafrdky¥esa¥vkarfjd¥O;oLFkk¥ds¥dkj.k¥yxk,¥x,¥vkikrdky¥ds¥chp¥varj¥ik;k¥tkrk¥gSA

vkikrdky ds izHkko

¥¥ vkikrdkyhu¥ fLFkfr;ksa¥esa¥ekuo¥vfèkdkjksa¥ds¥guu¥ds¥dbZ¥ekeys¥mtkxj¥gksrs¥gSaA¥fdlh¥Hkh¥vkikr¥fLFkfr¥ls¥cpus¥ds¥fy,¥izk;%¥ljdkjsa¥vdlj¥,sls¥mik;ksa¥dks¥djus¥dk¥fu.kZ;¥ysrh¥gSa¥ftuls¥euq";¥dh¥futh¥Lora=krk¥vkSj¥ futrk¥tSls¥vf/dkjksa¥dks¥[krjk¥mRiUu¥gks¥tkrk¥gSA¥vkikrdky¥ds¥nkSjku¥U;k;k/h'k]¥vfHk;kstd¥vkSj¥is'ksoj¥odhy¥vius¥ftEesnkfj;ksa¥dk¥Lora=k¥:i¥ls¥fuoZgu¥ugha¥dj¥ikrs¥gSaA

¥¥ vkikrdky¥ds¥nkSjku¥vFkZO;oLFkk¥cqjh¥rjg¥ls¥pjejk¥tkrh¥gS]¥tSlk¥fd¥Hkkjr¥esa¥1975¥esa¥yxs¥vkikrdky¥esa¥ns[kk¥x;kA¥ml¥le;¥Hkkjr¥esa¥eqnzkLiQhfr¥25¥iQhln¥rd¥igq¡p¥xbZ¥FkhA

¥¥ lhfj;k]¥ ;eu]¥ bZjkd¥tSls¥ ns'kksa¥ esa¥ x`g¥ ;q¼¥ o¥vkradokn¥yxkrkj¥lqf[kZ;ksa¥esa¥cus¥jgrs¥gSa]¥ftlds¥dkj.k¥ogk¡¥dh¥ljdkjksa¥dks¥vkikrdky¥dh¥?kks"k.kk¥djuh¥iM+rh¥gSA¥if'peh¥,f'k;k¥ds¥ns'kksa¥esa¥,sls¥gkykrksa¥dh¥otg¥ls¥muds¥fons'kh¥lacaèk¥¥blfy,¥ugha¥Bhd¥<ax¥ls¥LFkkfir¥gks¥ikrs¥gSa¥D;ksafd¥ogk¡¥dh¥ljdkjsa¥ns'k¥esa¥vkUrfjd¥v'kkafr¥ls¥tw>rh¥utj¥vkrh¥gSaA

fu"d"kZ

¥¥ fdlh¥Hkh¥yksdrkaf=kd¥ns'k¥ds¥fy,¥vkikrdky¥vafre¥fodYi¥gksuk¥pkfg,A¥lacafèkr¥ns'kksa¥dks¥iz;kl¥djuk¥pkfg,¥fd¥tks¥uSfrd¥ewY;¥lafoèkku¥us¥iznku¥fd,¥gSa¥mudk¥vkikrdky¥ds¥izkjEHk¥esa¥;k¥mlds¥i'pkr¥fxjkoV¥u¥gksA¥LoLFk¥yksdra=k¥rHkh¥fdlh¥Hkh¥ns'k¥esa¥cuk¥jg¥ldrk¥gS¥tc¥ljdkjsa¥ns'kfgr¥esa¥iQSlys¥ysa¥u¥fd¥futh¥fgrksa¥ds¥fy,¥bl¥xaHkhj¥izkoèkku¥dk¥iz;ksx¥djsaA¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥n



Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu ,oa tyh; Ñf"k dh laHkkouk

iz- Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk varfje ctV] 2019&20 esa eRL;ikyu o tyh; Ñf"k gsrq fd;s x;s izkoèkkuksa dk mYys[k djus ds lkFk&lkFk bl {ks=k esa fo|eku pqukSfr;ksa dh Hkh ppkZ djsaA

mÙkj%

n`f"Vdks.k


¥¥ ifjp;

¥¥ Hkkjr¥esa¥eNyh¥mRiknu

¥¥ eNyh¥mRiknksa¥dk¥[kk|¥lqj{kk¥esa¥egÙo

¥¥ Hkkjr¥ljdkj¥ds¥iz;kl

¥¥ varfje¥ctV]¥2019&20¥ds¥izkoèkku

¥¥ pqukSfr;k¡

¥¥ lq>ko

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥¥ gky¥gh¥esa¥la;qDr¥jk"Vª¥la?k¥ds¥[kk|¥,oa¥Ñf"k¥laxBu¥(FAO)¥us¥,d¥fjlpZ¥isij¥tkjh¥fd;k¥gS¥ftlesa¥fdlh¥ns'k¥ds¥ldy¥?kjsyw¥mRikn¥(GDP)¥esa¥eRL;ikyu¥vkSj¥tyh;¥Ñf"k¥(Aquaculture)¥ds¥;ksxnku¥dk¥xgu¥vè;;u¥ fd;k¥x;k¥gSA¥ Hkkjr¥ljdkj¥us¥ Hkh¥eRL;ikyu¥vkSj¥tyh;¥Ñf"k¥ds¥egÙo¥dks¥le>rs¥gq,¥varfje¥ctV]¥2019&20¥esa¥Ñf"k¥,oa¥fdlku¥dY;k.k¥ea=kky;¥ds¥vèkhu¥,d¥eRL;¥foHkkx¥ds¥xBu¥dh¥?kks"k.kk¥dh¥gSA

ifjp;

¥¥ Hkkjrh;¥vFkZO;oLFkk¥esa¥eRL;ikyu¥dh¥egRoiw.kZ¥ Hkwfedk¥gSA¥Hkkjr¥dh¥yEch¥rVjs[kk¥(yxHkx¥8326¥ fdeh-)]¥ fo'kky¥vuU;¥vkfFkZd¥{ks=k¥(EEZ,¥yxHkx¥2¥fefy;u¥oxZ¥fdeh-)¥vkSj¥dekscs'k¥:i¥ls¥ns'k¥ds¥lHkh¥Hkkxksa¥esa¥iQSys¥rkykc]¥>hy¥,oa¥ufn;k¡¥vkfn¥Hkkjr¥dks¥ty¥lalkèku¥ds¥ekeys¥esa¥,d¥lEiUu¥jk"Vª¥cukrh¥gSaA

Hkkjr esa eNyh mRiknu

¥¥ Lora=krk¥ds¥ckn¥Hkkjr¥us¥Hkh¥eRL;¥mRiknu¥ds¥{ks=k¥esa¥rhoz¥fodkl¥fd;k¥gS¥vkSj¥eRL;¥mRiknksa¥dh¥ek¡x¥dh¥u¥fliQZ¥?kjsyw¥t:jrksa¥dks¥iwjk¥fd;k¥gS¥cfYd¥ns'k¥ls¥ckgj¥Hkh¥budk¥fu;kZr¥djds¥cgqewY;¥fons'kh¥eqnzk¥izkIr¥dh¥gSA¥Ñf"k¥vkSj¥fdlku¥dY;k.k¥ea=kky;¥ds¥vuqlkj]¥o"kZ¥2016&17¥esa¥dqy¥eNyh¥mRiknu¥yxHkx¥11-41¥fefy;u¥Vu¥igq¡p¥x;k¥gS]¥tcfd¥1950&51¥esa¥;g¥ek=k¥0-75¥fefy;u¥Vu¥gh¥FkkA

eNyh mRiknksa dk [kk| lqj{kk esa egÙo

¥¥ è;krO;¥gS¥fd¥eNyh¥olk¥o¥izksVhu¥vkfn¥dk¥egRoiw.kZ¥lzksr¥gksrh¥gSA¥vr%¥buds¥mi;ksx¥ls¥Hkkjr¥esa¥dqiks"k.k¥dh¥leL;k¥dks¥nwj¥fd;k¥tk¥ldrk¥gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj ds iz;kl

¥¥ Hkkjr¥esa¥ eRL;¥mRiknu¥esa¥ mYys[kuh;¥o`f¼¥dks¥ ^uhyh¥Økafr*¥dk¥uke¥fn;k¥x;k¥gSA¥Hkkjr¥dh¥uhyh¥Økafr¥ds¥laLFkkid¥vkSj¥okLrqdkj¥^MkW-¥ ghjkyky¥ pkSèkjh*¥ dks¥ ekuk¥ tkrk¥ gS¥ ftUgksaus¥ lkB¥ ds¥ n'kd¥esa¥ eRL;ikyu¥esa¥ izsfjr¥iztuu¥ (Induced Breeding)¥dh¥izfØ;k¥dks¥fodflr¥fd;k¥FkkA

varfje ctV] 2019&20 esa izkoèkku

¥¥ varfje¥ctV]¥2019&20¥esa¥eRL;ikyu¥o¥tyh;¥Ñf"k¥ls¥lacafèkr¥fuEufyf[kr¥nks¥egRoiw.kZ¥izkoèkkuksa¥dk¥mYys[k¥fd;k¥x;k¥gS&

¥¾ eRL;¥foHkkx¥dk¥xBu]

¥¾ eNyh¥ikyu¥djus¥okys¥ fdlku@eNqvkjs¥;fn¥ ^fdlku¥ØsfMV¥dkMZ*¥(KCC)¥ij¥Í.k¥ysrs¥gSa¥rks¥mUgsa¥Í.k¥dh¥C;kt¥nj¥ij¥2»¥dh¥NwV¥iznku¥dh¥tk;sxhA

pqukSfr;k¡

¥¥ vdlj¥ns[kk¥x;k¥gS¥fd¥eRL;ikyu¥o¥tyh;¥Ñf"k¥djus¥okys¥fdlkuksa¥;k¥eNqvkjkas¥ds¥ikl¥foÙk¥dk¥vHkko¥gksrk¥gSA¥ljdkj¥ds¥reke¥iz;klksa¥ds¥ckotwn¥cSad¥bUgsa¥Í.k¥nsus¥ls¥vkt¥Hkh¥drjkrs¥gSaA¥blfy,¥;s¥yksx¥eg¡xh¥C;kt¥njksa¥ij¥LFkkuh;¥lkgwdkjksa¥ls¥Í.k¥ysrs¥gSa¥vkSj¥varr%¥Í.k¥tky¥esa¥iQ¡l¥tkrs¥gSaA

¥¥ fdlh¥Hkh¥{ks=k¥ds¥fodkl¥esa¥mYys[kuh;¥o`f¼¥rHkh¥ntZ¥dh¥tk¥ldrh¥gS¥ tc¥ ml¥ {ks=k¥ esa¥ vkèkqfudre¥ rduhdksa¥ o¥ mi;qDr¥ izcaèku¥dks¥viuk;k¥tk¥jgk¥gksA¥Hkkjr¥esa¥eRL;ikyu¥vkSj¥tyh;¥Ñf"k¥ds¥lanHkZ¥mi;qZDr¥nksuksa¥gh¥ekSfyd¥vko';drkvksa¥dk¥vHkko¥gSA

lq>ko

¥¥ Hkkjr¥us¥fiNys¥lky¥yxHkx¥6¥yk[k¥Vu¥>haxk¥eNyh¥dk¥mRiknu¥fd;k¥vkSj¥bls¥fu;kZr¥djds¥Hkkjh¥equkiQk¥dek;kA¥vr%¥ljdkj¥dks¥pkfg,¥ fd¥tyh;¥Ñf"k¥djus¥okys¥ fdlkuksa¥dks¥>haxk¥mRiknu¥gsrq¥vkSj¥izksRlkfgr¥djsA

¥¥ eRL;ikyu¥vkSj¥tyh;¥Ñf"k¥esa¥efgykvksa¥dh¥Hkh¥fgLlsnkjh¥dks¥c<+k;k¥tkuk¥pkfg,]¥blds¥fy,¥ljdkj¥dks¥bUgsa¥mfpr¥izf'k{k.k¥o¥lLrh¥njksa¥ij¥Í.k¥miyCèk¥djkuk¥pkfg,A

¥¥ eNfy;ksa¥dks¥chekfj;ksa¥ls¥cpkus¥ds¥ fy,¥,aVhck;ksfVd¥dk¥mi;ksx¥fd;k¥tk¥ldrk¥gS]¥tks¥ty¥esa¥gkfudkjd¥thok.kqvksa¥dks¥ekj¥Mkyrk¥gS¥ftlls¥eNfy;k¡¥chekj¥gksus¥ls¥cp¥tkrh¥gSA¥ ¥¥ ¥n

Hkkjr esa phuh m|ksx dk cnyrk ifjn`';

iz- gky gh esa dsUnz ljdkj us xUuk m|ksx dh leL;kvksa dk nh?kZdkfyd lekèkku [kkstus ds fy, ,d dk;Zcy dk xBu fd;k gSA bl lanHkZ esa xUuk@phuh m|ksx dh leL;kvksa dh ppkZ djrs gq, bl m|ksx ds fodkl ds fy, vko';d mik;ksa dks lq>k,¡A

mÙkj%¥

n`f"Vdks.k


21ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


¥¥ ifjp;

¥¥ Hkkjr¥esa¥xUuk¥mRiknu¥,oa¥forj.k

¥¥ ljdkjh¥iz;kl

¥¥ pqukSfr;k¡

¥¥ lekèkku

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥¥ gky¥gh¥esa¥dsaæh;¥•k|¥,oa¥miHkksÙkQk¥ekeys¥ea=kh¥jkefoykl¥ikloku¥us¥yksdlHkk¥esa¥,d¥ç'u¥ds¥ fyf•r¥mÙkj¥esa¥dgk¥ fd¥ljdkj¥us¥phuh¥m|ksx¥dh¥leL;kvksa¥dk¥nh?kZdkfyd¥lekèkku¥•kstus¥ds¥fy,¥uhfr¥vk;ksx¥ds¥lnL;¥jes'k¥pan¥dh¥vè;{krk¥esa¥,d¥dk;Zcy¥xfBr¥fd;k¥gSA

ifjp;

¥¥ xUuk¥Hkkjr¥dh¥,d¥egRoiw.kZ¥udnh¥iQly¥gS¥tks¥yxHkx¥4-5¥fefy;u¥gsDVs;j¥{ks=kiQy¥esa¥mxkbZ¥tkrh¥gSA¥;g¥ns'k¥ds¥cks,¥tkus¥okys¥fuoy¥{ks=kiQy¥dk¥yxHkx¥3-7¥izfr'kr¥gSA¥Ñf"k¥ls¥mRiknu¥ds¥dqy¥ewY;¥esa¥xUuk¥yxHkx¥4-6¥izfr'kr¥dk¥;ksxnku¥djrk¥gSA

Hkkjr esa xUuk mRiknu ,oa forj.k

¥¥ xUus¥dh¥iQly¥,d¥yach¥vofèk]¥vfèkd¥o"kkZ¥(750&1200¥feeh¥jsat¥dh¥o"kkZ¥vko';d)¥vkSj¥mPp¥iks"kd¥rRoksa¥dh¥ek¡x¥okyh¥iQly¥gSA¥fiNys¥10¥o"kks±¥ds¥nkSjku¥Hkkjr¥esa¥xUus¥dk¥mRiknu¥vfèkd¥;k¥de¥fLFkj¥(yxHkx¥350¥fefy;u¥Vu)¥jgk¥gSA

ljdkjh iz;kl

¥¥ jaxjktu¥lfefr¥(2012)¥us¥phuh¥m|ksx¥ds¥fu;a=k.k¥o¥lajpukRed¥vlarqyu¥dks¥nwj¥djus¥gsrq¥phuh¥ds¥cktkj¥ewY;¥ds¥lkFk¥xUuk¥dh¥dherksa¥dks¥tksM+us¥dk¥lq>ko¥ fn;kA¥ jaxjktu¥lfefr¥dh¥ fjiksVZ¥ds¥vkèkkj¥ij]¥Ñf"k¥ykxr¥vkSj¥ewY;¥vk;ksx¥(lh,lhih)¥us¥xUuk¥dh¥dherksa¥dks¥Bhd¥djus¥ds¥fy,¥,d¥fefJr¥n`f"Vdks.k¥dh¥fliQkfj'k¥dh]¥ftlesa¥mfpr¥vkSj¥ykHkdkjh¥ewY;¥(,iQvkjih)¥;k¥lrgh¥ewY;¥vkSj¥jktLo¥lk>kdj.k¥iQkWeZwyk¥(vkj,l,iQ)¥'kkfey¥fd;k¥x;kA

pqukSfr;k¡

¥¥ xUuk¥ty&xgu¥iQly¥gS¥vkSj¥blfy,¥de¥ikuh¥ls¥vfèkd¥iQly¥mxkuk¥,d¥pqukSrh¥gSA

¥¥ ek¡x¥vkSj¥vkiwfrZ¥esa¥rky&esy¥dh¥dehA

¥¥ LokLF;¥ls¥tqM+h¥leL;kvksa¥us¥Hkh¥phuh¥ds¥ek¡x¥esa¥deh¥dh¥gSA

lekèkku

¥¥ lh,lhih¥(CACP)¥dh¥vuq'kalkvksa¥ds¥vuqlkj¥lHkh¥jkT;ksa¥esa¥mfpr¥,oa¥ykHkdkjh¥ewY;¥vko';d¥:i¥ls¥dk;kZfUor¥fd;k¥tkuk¥pkfg,¥rFkk¥jkT;ksa¥}kjk¥?kksf"kr¥jkT;¥foosfpr¥ewY;¥(,l-,-ih-)¥dks¥rRdky¥can¥djus¥dh¥vko';drk¥gSA¥blls¥xUus¥dh¥cdk;k¥jkf'k¥dh¥leL;k¥dk¥lekèkku¥gksxkA

¥¥ nqyZHk¥ty¥lalkèkuksa¥ds¥laj{k.k¥vkSj¥mRikndrk¥dks¥c<+kus¥ds¥mís';¥

ls¥lh--,-lh-ih-¥us¥xUus¥dh¥[ksrh¥esa¥cM+s¥iSekus¥ij¥^Vidu¥(fMªi)¥flapkbZ*¥dks¥c<+kok¥nsus¥dh¥n`<+rk¥ls¥vuq'kalk¥dh¥gSA¥lkFk¥gh¥izèkkuea=kh¥Ñf"k¥flapkbZ¥;kstuk¥ds¥varxZr¥̂ izfr¥cwan¥vfèkd¥iQly*¥dks¥c<+kok¥nsus¥dh¥vko';drk¥gSA¥blds¥vykok¥jkT;¥ljdkjksa¥,oa¥phuh¥feyksa¥}kjk¥ty¥cpr¥izkS|ksfxfd;ksa¥ds¥ckjs¥esa¥tkx:drk¥mRiUu¥djus¥vkSj¥xUuk¥[ksrh¥esa¥lw{e&flapkbZ¥dks¥c<+kok¥nsus¥ds¥fy,¥la;qDr¥iz;kl¥djus¥dh¥vko';drk¥gSA¥xUuk¥vkSj¥phuh¥mRiknu¥esa¥dk;Z¥{kerk¥c<+kuk]¥[ksrh¥dh¥ykxr¥dks¥de¥djuk]¥izkS|ksfxdh¥dks¥c<+kok¥nsuk]¥lg&mRiknu¥vkSj¥,FksukWy¥mRiknu¥dks¥izksRlkfgr¥fd,¥tkus¥tSls¥dk;ks±¥dks¥c<+kok¥fn,¥tkus¥dh¥vko';drk¥gSA¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥n

fMftVy rduhd vkSj Hkkjrh; f'k{kk iz.kkyh

iz- gky gh esa ljdkj us ns'k esa xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ^vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ* dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA bl lanHkZ esa Hkkjr esa f'k{kk txr ds le{k mifLFkr pqukSfr;ksa dk mYys[k djrs gq, vko';d mik;ksa dh ppkZ djsaA

mÙkj%

n`f"Vdks.k


¥¥ ifjp;

¥¥ vkWijs'ku¥fMftVy¥cksMZ¥ds¥eq[;¥izkoèkku

¥¥ vksMhch¥ls¥ykHk

¥¥ pqukSfr;k¡

¥¥ ljdkjh¥iz;kl

¥¥ vkxs¥dh¥jkg

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥¥ gky¥gh¥esa¥ekuo¥lalk/u¥ fodkl¥ea=kky;¥us¥VsDuksykWth¥dk¥ykHk¥mBkus¥ rFkk¥ ns'k¥esa¥ xq.koÙkkiw.kZ¥ f'k{kk¥dks¥ c<+kok¥ nsus¥ds¥ mís';¥ls¥^vkWijs'ku¥fMftVy¥cksMZ*¥dh¥'kq:vkr¥dh¥gSA

ifjp;

¥¥ f'k{kk¥ fdlh¥Hkh¥ns'k¥ds¥ fodkl¥dh¥ewyHkwr¥vko';drk¥gksrh¥gSA¥vkt¥ds¥vkèkqfud¥f'k{kk¥esa¥ fur¥u,&u,¥vk;ke¥tqM+rs¥tk¥jgs¥gSaA¥vkt¥dk¥oSf'od¥ifjn`';¥fMftVy¥:i¥èkkj.k¥dj¥jgk¥gS]¥ ftlesa¥vkus¥okys¥le;¥esa¥vkfVZfiQf'k;y¥baVsfytsal]¥jkscksfVDl¥dh¥Hkwfedk¥c<+rh¥tk¥jgh¥gSA

vkWijs'ku fMftVy cksMZ ds eq[; izkoèkku

¥¥ blls¥ O;fÙkQxr¥ vuqdwyuh;¥ Kku¥ ds¥ lkFk&lkFk¥ e'khu¥ dk¥ Kku]¥vkfVZfiQf'k;y¥baVsfytsal¥vkSj¥MsVk¥,ukysfVDl¥tSlh¥mHkjrh¥çkS|ksfxfd;ksa¥dk¥nksgu¥djds¥dq'ky¥vè;kiu¥dk¥çko/ku¥djus¥esa¥enn¥feysxhA

vksMhch ls ykHk

¥¥ ns'k¥esa¥f'k{kk¥{ks=k¥ftl¥lcls¥cM+h¥pqukSrh¥dk¥lkeuk¥dj¥jgk¥gS¥og¥gS¥ns'k¥esa¥ekU;¥xq.koÙkk¥;qDr¥f'k{kk¥ekudksa¥dks¥cuk,¥j•us¥dh¥gSA¥



'kS{kf.kd¥çkS|ksfxdh¥vkSj¥laidZ¥ds¥çlkj¥us¥bl¥eqís¥ds¥lek/ku¥dk¥volj¥fn;k¥gS¥vkSj¥blls¥'kS{kf.kd¥ekudksa¥esa¥lekurk¥vk,xhA

¥¥ ns'k¥esa¥vPNh¥la[;k¥esa¥çeq•¥laLFkku¥gSa]¥tks¥nqfu;k¥ds¥Js"B¥laLFkkuksa¥ls¥eqdkcyk¥dj¥ldrs¥gSaA

pqukSfr;k¡

¥¥ vk/kjHkwr¥<k¡ps¥dh¥deh¥vkSj¥vU;¥leL;kvksa¥ds¥pyrs¥ f'k{kk¥dh¥xq.koÙkk¥ij¥vlj¥iM+rk¥gS¥vkSj¥Nk=kksa¥ds¥lh•us¥ds¥Lrj¥esa¥yxkrkj¥fxjkoV¥vk¥jgh¥gSA¥7¥lky¥dh¥mez¥ds¥50¥iQhlnh¥cPps¥'kCn¥ugha¥igpkurs¥tcfd¥14¥lky¥rd¥dh¥mez¥ds¥djhc¥brus¥gh¥cPps¥xf.kr¥ds¥lkekU;¥loky¥Hkh¥gy¥ugha¥dj¥ikrsA

¥¥ loZ¥f'k{kk¥vfHk;ku¥ds¥ckn¥izkFkfed¥Lrj¥ij¥ukekadu¥vuqikr¥lkS¥iQhlnh¥ds¥djhc¥igq¡p¥pqdk¥gS]¥ysfdu¥Ldwy¥NksM+us¥dh¥nj¥T;knk¥gksus¥ds¥pyrs¥57¥iQhlnh¥Nk=k¥gh¥izkFkfed¥f'k{kk¥vkSj¥10¥iQhlnh¥lSdsaMjh¥f'k{kk¥iwjh¥djrs¥gSaA

ljdkjh iz;kl

¥ fMftVy bZ f'k{kk igy%¥Hkkjr¥dh¥f'k{kk¥ç.kkyh¥cgqr¥rsth¥ls¥vkxs¥c<+¥jgh¥gSA¥10¥tqykbZ]¥2017¥dks¥Hkkjr¥ljdkj¥us¥bZ&ikB'kkyk&Lo;a¥izHkk¥dh¥'kq:vkr¥dhA¥Hkkjr¥ljdkj¥dks¥vk'kk¥gS¥fd¥bl¥igy¥ls¥2020¥rd¥Nk=kksa¥ds¥ldy¥ukekadu¥dk¥vuqikr¥24-5»¥ls¥c<+dj¥30»¥rd¥igq¡p¥tk,xkA

¥ Lo;a çHkk%¥GSAT&15¥mixzg¥ds¥ekè;e¥ls¥ljdkj¥dqN¥,sls¥'kS{kf.kd¥dk;ZØe¥Vh-oh-¥ ij¥çlkfjr¥djsxh¥ ftlls¥ ?kj¥cSBs¥Nk=kksa¥dks¥ykHk¥gksxkA¥32¥MhVh,p¥pSuy¥ij¥;s¥dk;ZØe¥çlkfjr¥gksaxsA¥;s¥dk;ZØe¥lHkh¥Nk=kksa¥ds¥fy,¥gksaxsA

vkxs dh jkg

¥¥ cPpksa¥dks¥f'k{kk¥ds¥{ks=k¥esa¥izksRlkgu¥dh¥t:jr¥gS¥lkFk¥gh¥Ldwy¥;k¥dkWystksa¥dh¥iBu&ikBu¥iz.kkyh¥bl¥izdkj¥rS;kj¥djus¥dh¥t:jr¥gS¥ftlls¥cPpksa¥esa¥f'k{kk¥ds¥izfr¥#>ku¥dks¥c<+k;k¥tk¥ldsA¥ ¥n

m|e'khyrk ds ekè;e ls efgykvksa dk l'kfDrdj.k

iz- D;k vki bl ckr ls lger gSa fd Hkkjr esa efgyk m|ferk Hkkxhnkjh ns'k ds lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl dk eq[; ifg;k cu ldrk gS\ vius mÙkj ds i{k esa rdZ nhft,A

mÙkj%¥

n`f"Vdks.k


¥¥ ifjp;

¥¥ lkekftd¥izHkko¥ckW.M

¥¥ ?kks"k.kk¥ds¥izeq[k¥rF;

¥¥ m|eh¥efgykvksa¥dh¥orZeku¥fLFkfr

¥¥ efgyk¥m|ferk¥ds¥fodkl¥ds¥fy,¥ljdkjh¥iz;kl

¥¥ pqukSfr;k¡

¥¥ lq>ko

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥¥ gky¥gh¥esa¥fo'o¥cSad]¥Hkkjrh;¥y?kq¥m|ksx¥fodkl¥cSad¥(flMch)¥vkSj¥la;qÙkQ¥jk"Vª¥dh¥efgyk¥fo'ks"k¥laLFkk¥^;w,u¥oqeu*¥us¥foÙkh;¥çca/u¥iQeks±¥vkSj¥çeq•¥dkWiksZjsV~l¥ds¥lkFk¥feydj¥xzkeh.k¥efgyk¥m|fe;ksa¥dks¥½.k¥çnku¥djus¥gsrq¥lkekftd¥çHkko¥ckW.M¥(Social Impact Bond)¥'kq:¥djus¥dh¥?kks"k.kk¥dh¥gSA

ifjp;

¥¥ bDdhloha¥'krkCnh¥esa]¥efgykvksa¥us¥u¥fliQZ¥/u¥vtZu¥djus¥esa¥viuh¥Hkwfedk¥ntZ¥djkbZ¥gS¥cfYd¥foxr¥rhu¥n'kdksa¥esa]¥mUgksaus¥dkWjiksjsV¥txr¥esa¥egRoiw.kZ¥liQyrk¥gkfly¥dh¥gSA

lkekftd izHkko ckW.M

¥¥ lkekftd¥çHkko¥ckW.M]¥lkoZtfud¥{ks=k¥;k¥ç'kkldh;¥çkf/dj.k¥ds¥lkFk¥fd;k¥x;k¥,d¥vuqca/¥gS]¥ftlds¥rgr¥og¥dqN¥{ks=kksa¥esa¥csgrj¥lkekftd¥ifj.kkeksa¥ds¥fy;s¥Hkqxrku¥rFkk¥fuos'kdksa¥dks¥çkIr¥cpr¥esa¥Hkkxhnkjh¥çnku¥djrk¥gSA

?kks"k.kk ds izeq[k rF;

¥¥ flMch¥}kjk¥yk;k¥x;k¥^efgyk¥vkthfodk¥ckW.M*]¥m|eh¥efgykvksa¥dks¥3¥çfr'kr¥ij¥,d¥okf"kZd¥dwiu¥çnku¥djsxk¥tks¥ik¡p¥o"kZ¥rd¥oSèk¥gksxkA

m|eh efgykvksa dh orZeku fLFkfr

¥¥ jk"Vªh;¥uewuk¥loZs{k.k¥ds¥vuqlkj¥ns'k¥ds¥dqy¥m|fe;ksa¥esa¥efgyk¥m|eh¥ek=k¥pkSng¥çfr'kr¥gSaA¥ buesa¥ls¥ 7-9¥çfr'kr¥efgyk,¡¥os¥gSa¥ftUgksaus¥vius¥lalk/u¥Lo;a¥tqVk,¥gSa]¥fliQZ¥4-4¥çfr'kr¥efgykvksa¥dks¥dkjksckj¥'kq:¥djus¥ds¥fy,¥foÙkh;¥lgk;rk¥laLFkkuksa¥o¥ljdkjh¥cSadksa¥ds¥ekè;e¥ls¥feyh¥gSA

efgyk m|ferk ds fodkl ds fy, ljdkjh iz;kl

¥¥ LVkVZ&vi¥bafM;k¥ds¥varxZr¥Hkkjr¥ljdkj¥LVkVZ&vi¥dks¥çksRlkfgr¥vkSj¥ iksf"kr¥ djrs¥ gq,¥ m|e'khyrk¥ dks¥ c<+kok¥ nsrh¥ gSA¥ bl¥ igy¥dh¥'kq:vkr¥tuojh¥2016¥esa¥dh¥xbZ¥FkhA¥;g¥dk;ZØe¥,d¥lexz¥n`f"Vdks.k¥ds¥lkFk¥pkj¥gÝrs¥dk¥eqÝr¥vkSj¥O;kid¥vkWuykbu¥f'k{k.k¥dk;ZØe¥çnku¥djrk¥gSA¥blds¥rgr¥f'k{kkfonksa¥vkSj¥m|ksx¥la?kksa¥dk¥,d¥etcwr¥usVodZ¥rS;kj¥fd;k¥x;k¥gS]¥lkFk¥gh¥iwjs¥ns'k¥esa¥fjlpZ¥ikdZ]¥buD;wcsVlZ¥vkSj¥LVkVZ&vi¥lsaVj¥LFkkfir¥fd;s¥x;s¥gSaA¥ljdkj¥dh¥bl¥;kstuk¥us¥efgyk¥m|fe;ksa¥dks¥Hkh¥dkiQh¥ykHk¥igq¡pk;k¥gSA

pqukSfr;k¡

¥¥ fir`lÙkkRed¥ Hkkjrh;¥lekt¥vkt¥ Hkh]¥ efgykvksa¥dh¥ {kerkvksa¥dks¥ysdj¥iwokZxzgksa¥ls¥xzflr¥gS¥vkSj¥mudh¥dk;Z¥{kerkvksa¥dks¥ysdj¥bl¥dnj¥l'kafdr¥gS¥ fd¥uokpkj¥ds¥muds¥ç;klksa¥dks¥og¥grksRlkfgr¥djrk¥gSA

¥¥ efgykvksa¥dks¥dsaæ¥dh¥foÙkh;¥;kstukvksa¥dk¥ykHk¥lgh¥rjhds¥ls¥ugha¥


23ekpZ 2019 A vad&1

fey¥ik¥jgk¥gSA¥m|ferk¥dks¥ysdj¥lcls¥cM+k¥Hkze¥;g¥gS¥fd¥bls¥fliQZ¥ogh¥efgyk,¡¥gh¥'kq:¥dj¥ldrh¥gSa¥tks¥;k¥rks¥mPpf'kf{kr¥gksa¥;k¥fiQj¥mudh¥,slh¥ikfjokfjd¥i`"BHkwfe¥gksA

lq>ko

¥¥ efgyk¥m|ferk¥dks¥c<+kok¥nsus¥ds¥fy,¥;g¥vko';d¥gS¥fd¥efgykvksa¥dks¥blds¥fy,¥izksRlkfgr¥fd;k¥tk,A

¥¥ ljdkj¥}kjk¥lapkfyr¥fofHkUu¥;kstukvksa¥dk¥ykHk¥mBkus¥ds¥fy,¥budk¥dM+kbZ¥ls¥lapkyu¥fd,¥tkus¥dh¥vko';drk¥gSA¥ ¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥n

csjkstxkjh ,oa ljdkjh vk¡dM+s % ,d fo'ys"k.k

iz- csjkstxkjh ls lacafèkr vkadM+ksa dks ljdkj }kjk izdkf'kr u djus ls vFkZO;oLFkk o lekt ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS\

mÙkj%

n`f"Vdks.k


¥¥ ifjp;

¥¥ egRoiw.kZ¥MkVk¥tks¥le;¥ij¥tkjh¥ugha¥fd,¥x,

¥¥ ljdkj¥MkVk¥dks¥lkoZtfud¥djus¥ls¥D;ksa¥drjkrh¥gS

¥¥ MkVk¥dks¥lkoZtfud¥djuk¥D;ksa¥vko';d¥gS

¥¥ D;k¥okLro¥esa¥ns'k¥esa¥csjkstxkjh¥dh¥fLFkfr¥xEHkhj¥gS

¥¥ ljdkjh¥iz;kl

¥¥ vkxs¥dh¥jkg

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥¥ gky¥gh¥esa¥jk"Vªh;¥lkaf[;dh¥vk;ksx¥(NSC)¥ds¥nks¥lnL;ksa¥us¥bLrhiQk¥ns¥fn;kA¥mUgksaus¥vkjksi¥yxk;k¥fd¥fnlEcj]¥2018¥esa¥jkstxkj¥l`tu¥ls¥lacafèkr¥MkVk¥dks¥,u,llh¥}kjk¥lkoZtfud¥fd;k¥tkuk¥Fkk¥fdUrq¥dsUnz¥ljdkj¥us¥blds¥izdk'ku¥esa¥jksd¥yxk¥nh¥D;ksafd¥blesa¥fn[kk;k¥x;k¥gS¥fd¥orZeku¥esa¥csjkstxkjh¥dh¥nj¥fiNys¥45¥o"kks±¥dh¥rqyuk¥esa¥lcls¥T;knk¥gSA

ifjp;

¥¥ lkekU;r%¥fdlh¥ns'k¥dh¥dqy¥Jfed¥la[;k¥jkstxkj¥esa¥ugha¥yxh¥gksrh¥gS]¥vfirq¥mldk¥de¥;k¥vfèkd¥Hkkx¥csjkstxkjh¥dh¥n'kk¥esa¥jgrk¥gSA¥csjkstxkjh¥dh¥;g¥ek=kk¥vYi¥fodflr¥;k¥fodkl'khy¥ns'kksa¥esa¥vke¥rkSj¥ij¥cgqr¥fo'kky¥gS¥vkSj¥rsth¥ls¥c<+¥Hkh¥jgh¥gSA

egRoiw.kZ MkVk tks le; ij tkjh ugha fd, x,

¥¥ ,u,l,lvks]¥Lora=k¥o¥izekf.kd¥<ax¥ls¥gj¥ik¡p¥lky¥esa¥,d¥ckj¥ns'k¥esa¥jkstxkj¥o¥csjkstxkjh¥dh¥fLFkfr¥dks¥tkuus¥ds¥fy,¥losZ{k.k¥djkrh¥gS]¥ftls¥^vkofèkd¥Je¥cy¥losZ{k.k*¥dgk¥tkrk¥gSA

ljdkj MkVk dks lkoZtfud djus ls D;ksa drjkrh gS

¥¥ ljdkj¥mu¥vk¡dM+ksa¥dks¥lkoZtfud¥djus¥ls¥Hkh¥ijgst¥djrh¥gS¥tks¥mlds¥jk"Vªh;¥usrk¥dh¥Nfo¥dks¥èkDdk¥igq¡pk¥ldrs¥gSaA¥dqN¥fo'ks"kKksa¥

dk¥ekuuk¥gS¥fd¥lu~¥2015¥esa¥;wfulsiQ¥}kjk¥izLrqr¥fjiksVZ¥^jSfiM¥losZ¥vkWu¥fpYMªsu*¥(RSOC)¥esa¥xqtjkr¥dh¥udkjkRed¥Nfo¥gksus¥ds¥dkj.k¥rRdkyhu¥ljdkj¥us¥bls¥lkoZtfud¥ugha¥fd;kA

MkVk dks lkoZtfud djuk D;ksa vko';d gS

¥¥ uhfr¥fuekZrkvksa¥dks¥uhfr;k¡¥cukus¥gsrq¥,d¥izekf.kd¥vkSj¥fo'oluh;¥MkVk¥dh¥t:jr¥gksrh¥gS]¥tSls&¥ns'k¥ls¥csjkstxkjh¥ds¥mUewyu¥gsrq¥;g¥tkuuk¥vko';d¥gksrk¥gS¥fd¥orZeku¥le;¥esa¥fdrus¥Jecy¥dks¥jkstxkj¥feyk¥gqvk¥gS¥vkSj¥og¥fdl¥izÑfr¥dk¥gSA¥lu~¥2011&12¥ds¥ckn¥ls¥vHkh¥rd¥ns'k¥esa¥csjkstxkjh¥dh¥nj¥tkuus¥gsrq¥losZ{k.k¥ugha¥fd;k¥x;k¥gSA¥vr%¥uhfr¥fuekZrkvksa¥dks¥csjkstxkjh¥mUewyu¥dh¥uhfr¥fuekZ.k¥gsrq¥bZih,iQvks¥(deZpkjh¥Hkfo";¥fufèk¥laxBu)¥ds¥vk¡dM+ksa¥ij¥fuHkZj¥gksuk¥iM+¥jgk¥gS]¥tks¥vFkZO;oLFkk¥ds¥fy,¥mfpr¥fLFkfr¥ugha¥gSA

D;k okLro esa ns'k esa csjkstxkjh dh fLFkfr xEHkhj gS

¥¥ orZeku¥esa¥Hkkjr¥esa¥̂ Je¥cy¥Hkkxhnkjh¥nj*¥(Labour Force Participation

Rate- LFPR)¥yxHkx¥47¥izfr'kr¥gS¥tks¥oSf'od¥ekud¥(66¥izfr'kr)¥ls¥dkiQh¥de¥gSA

¥¥ foeqnzhdj.k¥vkSj¥ th,lVh¥ds¥ mfpr¥ fØ;kUo;u¥ds¥ u¥ gks¥ ikus¥ ls¥vFkZO;oLFkk¥esa¥fujk'kk¥ds¥ekgkSy¥us¥tUe¥fy;k¥gS¥vkSj¥Hkkjh¥la[;k¥esa¥yksxksa¥dk¥vis{kkÑr¥ukSdjh¥ugha¥fey¥ikbZ¥gS]¥ftlls¥csjkstxkjh¥dh¥nj¥vkSj¥vfèkd¥c<+¥x;h¥gSA

ljdkjh iz;kl

¥¥ ljdkj¥us¥m|ksxksa¥dh¥ek¡x¥ds¥vuq:i¥Jecy¥dks¥fodflr¥djus¥gsrq¥lu~¥2015¥esa¥fLdy¥bafM;k¥izksxzke¥dh¥'kq:vkr¥dhA

¥¥ ns'k¥esa¥T;knk¥ls¥T;knk¥jkstxkj¥ds¥volj¥fodflr¥djus¥gsrq¥^LVS.Mvi¥,aM¥LVkVZvi¥bafM;k*¥izksxzke¥dh¥'kq:vkr¥dh¥x;hA

¥¥ Je¥cy¥esa¥efgykvksa¥dh¥Hkkxhnkjh¥c<+kus¥gsrq¥Lo;a¥lgk;rk¥lewgksa¥dk¥fodkl¥fd;k¥tk¥jgk¥gS¥vkSj¥mUgsa¥lLrh¥njksa¥ij¥Í.k¥miyCèk¥djk;k¥tk¥jgk¥gSA

vkxs dh jkg

¥¥ 21oha¥lnh¥esa¥mlh¥ns'k¥dh¥vFkZO;oLFkk¥lwjt¥dh¥rjg¥pedsxh]¥tks¥vk¡dM+ksa¥ds¥,d=khdj.k¥o¥fo'ys"k.k¥ij¥viuh¥idM+¥cuk;sxkA¥vr%¥ljdkj¥dks¥pkfg,¥ fd¥MkVk¥(vk¡dM+k)¥ds¥{ks=k¥esa¥visf{kr¥ fuos'k¥c<+kuk¥pkfg,¥vkSj¥bl¥{ks=k¥ls¥lacafèkr¥jk"Vªh;¥laLFkkvksa¥ds¥Lora=k¥fodkl¥dks¥lqfuf'pr¥djuk¥pkfg,A¥ ¥ ¥ ¥n

iqyokek geyk vkSj Hkkjrh; izfrfØ;k

iz- Nn~e ;q¼ dks gky gh esa gq, fdlh ?kVukØe ls tksM+rs gq, Li"V dhft,A Hkkjr vius f[kykiQ Nn~e ;q¼ dks fu;af=kr djus ds fy, fdl izdkj ds fodYiksa dks viuk ldrk gS\ leh{kk dhft,A

mÙkj%

n`f"Vdks.k




¥¥ ifjp;

¥¥ iqyokek¥geys¥ds¥dkj.k

¥¥ Hkkjr¥ds¥ikl¥fodYi

¥¥ Nn~e¥;q¼

¥¥ lq>ko

ppkZ dk dkj.k

¥¥ 14¥iQjojh]¥2019¥dks¥tEew&Jhuxj¥jk"Vªh;¥jktekxZ¥ij¥iqyokek¥esa¥lhvkjih,iQ¥ds¥dkfiQys¥ij¥vkbZbZMh¥ls¥Hkjh¥gq;h¥dkj¥ds¥}kjk¥cM+k¥vkradh¥geyk¥fd;k¥x;kA¥blesa¥lhvkjih,iQ¥ds¥40¥ls¥vfèkd¥toku¥'kghn¥gks¥x;s¥vkSj¥ntZuksa¥toku¥t[eh¥gq,A

ifjp;

¥¥ 14¥tuojh¥ls¥igys¥yxHkx¥,d¥lIrkg¥rd¥tEew&Jhuxj¥ jk"Vªh;¥jktekxZ¥ ciQZckjh¥ds¥dkj.k¥can¥ FkkA¥vr%¥lhvkjih,iQ¥tokuksa¥dks¥Jhuxj¥ Hkstus¥ ds¥ fy,¥ mudk¥dkfiQyk¥ tEew¥ ls¥ blh¥ jktekxZ¥ ij¥jokuk¥fd;k¥x;k]¥ftlesa¥2500¥ls¥vfèkd¥toku¥FksA¥ysfdu¥iqyokek¥esa¥voarhiqjk¥ds¥ikl¥60¥fdyks¥ls¥Hkh¥vfèkd¥vkbZbZMh¥(Improvised

Explosive Device)¥ls¥ynh¥gq;h¥dkj¥us¥bl¥dkfiQys¥ij¥vkRe?kkrh¥geyk¥fd;kA¥ bl¥ geys¥dh¥ ftEesnkjh¥ ikfdLrku¥ fLFkr¥ ^tS'k&,&eqgEen*¥vkradh¥laxBu¥us¥yh¥gSA

iqyokek geys ds dkj.k

¥¥ ikfdLrku¥esa¥ u;h¥ljdkj¥ds¥xfBr¥gksus¥ds¥ckn¥izèkkuea=kh¥ bejku¥[kku¥us¥dgk¥Fkk¥fd¥vc¥ikfdLrku¥,d¥u;h¥lksp¥okyk¥ikfdLrku¥gS¥tks¥Hkkjr¥ds¥lkFk¥'kkafr¥okrkZ¥dk¥i{kèkj¥gS¥vkSj¥blh¥Øe¥esa¥mUgksaus¥djrkjiqj¥dkWfjMksj¥dk¥mn~?kkVu¥fd;k¥ftlesa¥ikfdLrku¥vkehZ¥ds¥phiQ¥^tkosn¥cktok*¥Hkh¥igq¡ps¥FksA¥ikfdLrku¥ds¥bl¥izdkj¥ds¥iz;klksa¥ls¥dqN¥yksx¥mEehn¥djus¥yxs¥Fks¥fd¥ikfdLrku¥dh¥ljdkj¥vkSj¥lsuk¥nksuksa¥gh¥Hkkjr¥ds¥lkFk¥lacaèkksa¥dks¥ysdj¥xEHkhj¥gSaA¥ysfdu¥ikfdLrku¥dks¥ le>us¥ okys¥ j{kk¥ fo'ks"kKksa¥ us¥ dgk¥ fd¥ ;g¥ fliQZ¥ ikfdLrku¥dh¥pky¥Fkh¥fd¥Hkkjr¥dks¥igys¥'kkafr¥okrkZ¥esa¥my>k;k¥tk;¥vkSj¥fiQj¥vke¥pquko¥ds¥Bhd¥igys¥geyk¥fd;k¥tk;]¥ml¥le;¥Hkkjr¥ikfdLrku¥ds¥f[kykiQ¥dksbZ¥cM+k¥fu.kZ;¥ugha¥ys¥ldsxkA

¥¥ ftl¥izdkj¥phu¥us¥la;qDr¥jk"Vª¥lqj{kk¥ifj"kn¥esa¥dbZ¥ckj¥ohVks¥dk¥

bLrseky¥djds¥ elwn¥ vtgj¥vkSj¥ mlds¥ laxBu¥ ^tS'k&,&eqgEen*¥dks¥izfrcaèk¥ls¥cpk;k¥gS]¥mlls¥ikfdLrku¥dk¥vkRefo'okl¥igys¥ls¥dkiQh¥c<+k¥gSA

Hkkjr ds ikl fodYi

¥¥ Hkkjr¥dh¥vHkh¥rd¥dh¥uhfr;k¡¥ikfdLrku¥dks¥fu;af=kr¥djus¥esa¥ukdke¥jgh¥gSa]¥;Fkk&¥j.kuhfrd¥?ksjkcanh]¥f}i{kh;¥O;kikj¥dks¥lhfer¥djuk]¥lftZdy¥LVªkbd]¥okrkZ¥jí¥djuk]¥fdlh¥Hkh¥rjg¥ds¥lacaèkksa¥dk¥foPNsn¥djuk¥bR;kfnA

¥¥ vesfjdk¥tSlh¥egk'kfDr¥vkSj¥varjkZ"Vªh;¥ekgkSy¥gekjs¥i{k¥esa¥gSaA¥vr%¥ikfdLrku¥dks¥lcd¥fl[kkus¥dk¥;g¥lgh¥oDr¥gSA

¥¥ ikfdLrku¥dks¥vkfFkZd¥:i¥ls¥{kfr¥igq¡pkus¥ds¥fy,¥Hkkjr¥us¥eksLV¥iQsoMZ¥us'ku¥(MFN)¥dk¥ntkZ¥okil¥ys¥fy;k¥gSA¥blds¥lkFk¥gh¥fofHkUu¥foÙkh;¥varjkZ"Vªh;¥laxBuksa¥ (;Fkk&¥ iQkbusaf'k;y¥,D'ku¥ VkLd¥iQkslZ¥vkfn)¥ls¥ikfdLrku¥dks¥dkyh¥lwph¥esa¥Mkys¥tkus¥dk¥vkxzg¥fd;k¥gSA¥blh¥dk¥ifj.kke¥gS¥ fd¥,iQ,Vh,iQ¥us¥ikfdLrku¥dks¥xzs¥ fyLV¥(fuxjkuh¥lwph)¥esa¥Mkyk¥gqvk¥gSA

¥¥ Hkkjr¥ ljdkj¥ dks¥ fofHkUu¥ ns'kksa¥ ds¥ ekè;e¥ ls¥ ikfdLrku¥ ij¥ ;g¥ncko¥cuokuk¥pkfg,¥fd¥og¥vius¥;gk¡¥vkradh¥usVodZ¥dks¥èoLr¥djsaA¥ysfdu¥bl¥dwVuhfrd¥ncko¥dh¥Hkh¥viuh¥lhek;sa¥gSa¥D;ksafd¥varjkZ"Vªh;¥'kfDr;k¡¥(;Fkk&;w,l,¥vkfn)¥viQxkfuLrku¥esa¥ikfdLrku¥dh¥Hkwfedk¥dks¥ns[krs¥gq,¥,d¥Lrj¥ls¥T;knk¥ncko¥ugha¥cuk;saxhA

Nn~e ;q¼

¥¥ Hkkjr¥ }kjk¥ bl¥ izdkj¥dh¥ xfrfofèk;ksa¥ esa¥ fyIr¥ gksus¥ ls¥ Hkkjr¥dh¥varjkZ"Vªh;¥Nfo¥[kjkc¥gksxhA

¥¥ Hkkjr¥dh¥laLÑfr¥,slh¥ugha¥gS¥ fd¥bl¥izdkj¥dh¥xfrfofèk;ksa¥dh¥vuqefr¥nsA

lq>ko

¥¥ Hkkjr]¥ikd¥ds¥f[kykiQ¥lhfer¥ek=kk¥esa¥;q¼¥djds¥tokc¥ns¥ldrk¥gS_¥tSls&¥,;jiQkslZ¥Hkkjrh;¥lhek¥esa¥gh¥jgdj¥ikfdLrku¥fLFkr¥vkradh¥laxBuksa¥ds¥csl¥dSEi¥dks¥felkbyksa¥ds¥ekè;e¥ls¥èoLr¥djdsA

¥¥ varjkZ"Vªh;¥ncko¥dks¥vkSj¥c<+k;k¥tkuk¥pkfg,A¥ ¥ ¥n

25ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


lkr egRoiw.kZ jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; [kcjsa

1- okVj tsujsVj

gky gh esa uojRu daiuh Hkkjr bysDVªkWfud fyfeVsM (chbZ,y) us ,d u, mRikn ,VekWLiQsfjd okVj tsujsVj (,MCY;wth) dk ,;jks bafM;k 2019 esa vukoj.k fd;k gSA ;g mRikn nqfu;k esa is;ty dh c<+rh gqbZ t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ,d uokpkj lek/ku miyC/ djkrk gSA

chbZ,y dk ;g ,VekWLiQsfjd okVj tsujsVj (,MCY;wth) ok;qeaMy esa ekStwn ueh ls lh/s gh ikuh cukus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA og fnu nwj ugha tc is;ty bl xzg ij lcls dherh pht cu tk,xkA orZeku esa Hkwty gh is;ty dk eq[; lzksr gSA

,VekWLiQsfjd okVj tsujsVj (,MCY;wth) dh dk;Ziz.kkyh

¥ ,MCY;wth esa ok;qeaMy esa ekStwn ueh ls ty fudkyus vkSj bls 'kq¼ djus ds fy, uohu çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

¥ bldk mi;ksx ok;qeaMy dh ueh dks la?kfur djds LoPN] lqjf{kr vkSj 'kq¼ ihus ;ksX; ikuh dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, m"ek dk vknku&çnku fd;k tk,xkA

¥ blesa ,d •fut ;wfuV yxh gS tks ikuh dks ihus ;ksX; cukus ds fy, mlesa •fut 'kkfey djus dk dke djrh gSA

¥ ,MCY;wth ;wfuV dks ,d gh txg ij fLFkj

:i esa vkSj xfr'khy :i esa okguksa esa Hkh yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

¥ ;g 30 yhVj] 100 yhVj] 500 yhVj vkSj 1000 yhVj çfrfnu dh {kerk esa miyC/ gSA

mi;ksx

,MCY;wth dk mi;ksx leqnk; dsaæksa vkSj lkoZtfud LFkyksa tSls&LokLF; ns•Hkky dsaæksa] Ldwyksa] dkWystksa] dk;kZy;ksa] jsyos LVs'kuksa] cl vîóksa] gokbZ vîóksa] canjxkgksa] lSU; çfr"Bkuksa vkSj nwj njkt ds {ks=kksa vkSj çfr"Bkuksa rFkk vkoklh; ifjlj esa ihus dk ikuh miyC/ djkus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA n

2- ç/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk ('kgjh)

gky gh esa vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh ekeyksa ds jkT;ea=kh (Lora=k çHkkj) gjnhi flag iqjh }kjk iz/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk ds ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, eksckby ,Ii vkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA bl eksckby ,Ii ds tfj;s ykHkkFkhZ vius ifjokjksa lfgr iw.kZ :i ls fufeZr edkuksa dh rLohjsa •hapdj mUgsa viyksM dj ldsaxsA

¥ bl ,Ii ds tfj;s ykHkkFkhZ vius edkuksa ds lkFk lsYiQh Hkh viyksM dj ik,axsA

¥ blds vykok 30&60 lsdaM dh ohfM;ks fDyi ds tfj;s ykHkkFkhZ ç/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk ('kgjh) ds rgr edku çkIr djus dh dgkuh Hkh çLrqr dj ldrs gSaA

¥ bl volj ij ,d feuV dh fiQYe Hkh fn•kbZ xbZ ftlesa ;g crk;k x;k fd çèkkuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk ('kgjh) us fdl rjg ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds thou ij çHkko Mkyk gSA

¥ eksckby ,Ii esa ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s ?kj dk vkosnu djus vkSj vkosnu dh çxfr dh tkudkjh gkfly djus dh lqfo/k dks Hkh tYn tksM+ fn;k tk;sxkA

¥ ykHkkFkhZ bl ,Ii ds tfj;s ;g irk dj ldsxk fd ih,e,okbZ ds rgr mls vkoafVr fd;s x;s ?kj dk fdruk fuekZ.k

gqvk gS vkSj blds iw.kZ gksus esa fdruk le; yxsxkA

ç/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk ('kgjh) vfHk;ku

ç/kuea=kh vkokl ;kstuk ('kgjh) vfHk;ku dh 'kq:vkr 25 twu] 2015 dks dh xbZ Fkh] ftldk mís'; lHkh ik=k 'kgjh ifjokjksa dks 2022 rd vkokl çnku djuk gSA bl ;kstuk us vHkwriwoZ çxfr dh gS vkSj 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa yxHkx ,d djksM+ edkuksa dh ek¡x ds vuq:i 73 yk• ls vf/d edkuksa dh eatwjh nh gSA blds vykok yxHkx 40 yk• edku fuekZ.k ds fofHkUu Lrjksa ij gSa vkSj 15 yk• ls vf/d edku cuk, tk pqds gSaA blds vfrfjÙkQ yxHkx 12 yk• edku ubZ vkSj mHkjrh gqbZ çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds bLrseky ls fufeZr fd;s tk jgs gSaA n



3- /krq&çnwf"kr tygky gh esa is;ty vkSj LoPNrk ea=kky; dh ,dhÑr çca/u lwpuk ç.kkyh }kjk tkjh vk¡dM+ksa esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjr esa yxHkx 4 djksM+ xzkeh.k yksx /krq&çnwf"kr ty xzg.k dj jgs gSaA ;g yksx ml ikuh dks ihus ds fy, etcwj gSa ftlesa fdlh u fdlh :i esa /krq feyh gqbZ gksrh gSA bl loZs{k.k esa ik;k x;k fd çnwf"kr ty esa ikbZ tkus okyh çeq• /krq,¡ ÝyksjkbM] vklZsfud vkSj ukbVªsV gSaA

loZs{k.k ds eq[; fcanq

¥ ea=kky; }kjk tkjh vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa lcls vf/d /krq ls çnwf"kr ikuh ihus okyk jkT; if'pe caxky gSA ;gka 1-57 djksM+ xzkeh.k yksx bl ty dk lsou djus dks etcwj gaSA

¥ blh Øe esa jktLFkku nwljs LFkku ij vkrk

gS tgka 65 yk• xzkeh.k yksx ihus ds fy;s çnwf"kr ty dk ç;ksx djrs gSaaA bl ty ls mudk LokLF; cqjh rjg çHkkfor gksrk gS] tcfd fcgkj esa yxHkx 43 yk• yksx nwf"kr ty dk lsou dj jgs gSaA

¥ bl loZs{k.k esa tqVk, x;s vk¡dM+ksa esa 16 jkT; ,sls gSa tgk¡ izR;sd jkT; esa yxHkx ,d yk• ls vf/d yksx iznwf"kr ty dk lsou dj jgs gSaA blls xzkeh.k vkcknh dkiQh çHkkfor gSA tcfd buesa ls lkr jkT;&if'pe caxky] jktLFkku] fcgkj] iatkc] vle] mÙkj çns'k vkSj f=kiqjk esa 10 yk• ls vf/d xzkeh.k yksx çHkkfor gSaA

¥ bls vyx&vyx Js.kh ds vuqlkj ck¡Vrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd ÝyksjkbM çnw"k.k ds {ks=k esa 33 yk•] yo.krk çnw"k.k ds {ks=k

esa 25 yk• rFkk ukbVªsV çnw"k.k ds {ks=k esa 7 yk• vkcknh ds lkFk jkT;ksa dh lwph esa jktLFkku 'kh"kZ ij gSA

¥ vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj if'pe caxky esa yxHkx 96 yk• yksx vklZsfud vkSj 49 yk• yksx vk;ju ls çnwf"kr ty dk lsou dj jgs gSaA

¥ ihus ds ikuh esa lcls vf/d çdkj dh èkkrq,¡ iatkc esa ikbZ xb±A ;gka lHkh rjg dh èkkrqvksa dks ikuh esa ns•k x;k tcfd if'pe caxky esa ukbVªsV dh feykoV ugha feyh FkhA

i`"BHkwfe

o"kZ 2017 esa is;ty vkSj LoPNrk ea=kky; us 27]544 vklZsfud@ÝyksjkbM çHkkfor xzkeh.k cfLr;ksa dks lqjf{kr is;ty miyC/ djkus ds fy;s jk"Vªh; ty xq.koÙkk mi&fe'ku 'kq: fd;k FkkAn

4- LVkEi vf/fu;e esa cnyko

gky gh esa jk"Vªifr jkeukFk dksfoan us Hkkjrh; LVkEi vf/fu;e 1899 esa cnyko dks eatwjh nh gSA blls LVkEi 'kqYd olwyus dh ç.kkyh rkfdZd ,oa ljy cusxh vkSj dj pksjh dks jksdus esa enn feysxhA

izLrkfor la'kksèku

¥ ,d dkuwuh o laLFkkxr eSdsfuTe dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xk ftldh lgk;rk ls jkT; flD;ksfjVh ekdsZV baLVªwesaV~l ls LVkEi 'kqYd ,df=kr fd;k tk dj ldsA

¥ jkT;ksa esa Øsrkvksa ds vuqikr esa LVkEi 'kqYd dh fgLlsnkjhA

¥ ,d leUo; ifj"kn~ dk xBu fd;k tk;sxk] blesa jkT;ksa rFkk dsanz 'kkflr izns'kksa ds izfrfufèk 'kkfey gksaxsA ;g ifj"kn~ LVkEi 'kqYd nj dh leh{kk dj ldrh gSA

LVkEi 'kqYd nj

¥ egkjk"Vª dh lhek 'kqYd ds vkèkkj ij njksa dk fuèkkZj.k fd;k tk;sxk D;ksafd dqy LVkEi 'kqYd esa ls 70» fgLlk dsoy egkjk"Vª dk gh gksrk gSA

¥ ;g njsa bl izdkj fuèkkZfjr dh tk;saxh ftlls fuos'kdksa ij Hkh dj dk Hkkj vfèkd u iM+sA

¥ foÙkh; flD;ksfjVh ij Øsrk vFkok foØsrk }kjk LVkEi 'kqYd dk ogu fd;k tk;sxk] orZeku esa nksuksa dks LVkEi 'kqYd dk Hkqxrku djuk iM+rk gSA

izLrkfor la'kksèku dk ykHk

bl la'kksèku ds }kjk LVkEi 'kqYd dk rdZlaxr Hkkj fuf'pr fd;k tk;sxk] blls dj pksjh esa deh vk,xhA 'kqYd ,d=khdj.k dh ykxr dks U;wure fd;k tk;sxk tcfd mRikndrk esa o`f¼ dh tk;sxhA dsanzhÑr laxzg.k eSdsfuTe ds dkj.k jktLo esa LFkkf;Ro vk,xk rFkk 'kqYd laxzg.k esa Hkh o`f¼ gksxhA n

5- iSfud cVu ykWUp

gky gh esa x`g ea=kky; vkSj efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=kky; ds rRoko/ku esa efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, iSfud cVu ykWUp dj fn;k x;k gSA

iSfud cVu dh eq[; ckrsa

¥ LekVZiQksu esa ikoj cVu blds fy, j•k x;k gSA bls rhu ckj rsth ls nckus ij ;g dke djus yxsxk vkSj eqlhcr esa iQalh gqbZ

efgyk ;k cPps rd enn igq¡p tk,xhA

¥ 112 uacj fdlh Hkh iQksu ls Mk;y djus ij rqjar enn igq¡p tk,xhA

¥ iQhpj iQksu esa 5 vkSj 9 uacj dk vad nckus ij Hkh iSfud cVu dke djus yxsxkA

¥ 112 bafM;k eksckby ,i IysLVksj ls Úh esa MkmuyksM fd;k tk ldrk gSA

¥ bl cVu dks dqN le; igys fgekpy vkSj ukxkySaM esa ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA orZeku

esa bls ns'k ds 14 vU; 'kgjksa esa Hkh ykWUp dj fn;k x;k gSA

xkSjryc gS fd iSfud cVu dks çsl djrs gh lans'k bykds ds vklikl ds bejtsalh fjLikWUl lsaVj rd pyk tk;sxk vkSj lsaVj esa cSBs okyafV;j dh Vhe rqjar enn nsus ds fy, dk;Zokgh djsxhA ljdkj 2015 ls bl ;kstuk ij dke dj jgh Fkh vkSj yach ea=k.kk ds ckn vc tkdj ;g ;kstuk çkjaHk gqbZ gSA n

27ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


6- fl;ksy 'kkafr iqjLdkj

Hkkjr ds izèkkuea=kh ujsUnz eksnh dks fl;ksy 'kkafr iqjLdkj 2018 iznku fd;k x;kA os bl iqjLdkj dks izkIr djus okys 14osa O;fDr gSaA mUgsa ;g iqjLdkj fl;ksy 'kkafr iqjLdkj iQkmaMs'ku }kjk iznku fd;k x;kA izèkkuea=kh ujsUnz eksnh us fl;ksy 'kkafr iqjLdkj dh bukeh jkf'k 2 yk[k MkWyj (1-40 djksM+ #i;s) uekfe xaxs dk;ZØe ds fy, lefiZr dj nh gSA

eq[; fcanq

izèkkuea=kh ujsUnz eksnh dks ;g iqjLdkj varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsus] oSf'od vkfFkZd eqíksa

dks mBkus] ekuo fodkl] yksdra=k dks etcwr djus ds fy, iznku fd;k x;k gSA fl;ksy 'kkafr iqjLdkj lfefr us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds fodkl ds fy, Hkkjr ds iz;klksa dh ljkguk dh gS rFkk xjhc o vehj ds chp dh lkekftd o vkfFkZd fHkUurk dks de djus ds fy, muds ;ksxnku dh iz'kalk dh gSaA blds vykok foeqnzhdj.k rFkk Hkz"Vkpkj dks de djus ds fy, izèkkuea=kh ujsUnz eksnh }kjk mBk;s x;s dneksa dh ljkguk Hkh dh gSA fl;ksy 'kkafr iqjLdkj lfefr us oSf'od 'kkfUr ds fy, ^eksnh fl¼kar* rFkk

^,DV bZLV ikWfylh* dh iz'kalk dh gSA

fl;ksy 'kkafr iqjLdkdj

fl;ksy 'kkafr iqjLdkj dh 'kq:vkr 1990 esa dksfj;k x.kjkT; esa 24osa vksyafid •syksa ds liQy vk;kstu ds miy{; esa dh xbZ FkhA bu •syksa esa nqfu;kHkj ds 160 ns'kksa ds f•ykfM+;ksa us Hkkx ysrs gq, ln~Hkko] fe=krk] 'kkafr vkSj vkilh esy&feyki ds fy, fo'oO;kih ekgkSy cuk;kA ;g iqjLdkj ekuork ds dY;k.k vkSj fo'o 'kkafr ds fy, ;ksxnku nsus okys O;fÙkQ;ksa dks çR;sd nks o"kZ esa ,d ckj fn;k tkrk gSAn

7- jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkfFkZd ifjorZu ifj;kstuk

gky gh esa dsanz ljdkj us xzkeh.k vkthfodk ds fy, ,d u;h ifj;kstuk dk izLrko j[kk gSA bl jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkfFkZd ifjorZu dk fØ;kUo;u nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk& jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku ds rgr fd;k tk;sxkA

izeq[k fcUnq

¥ bl ;kstuk dk fØ;kUo;u fo'o cSad ls izkIr Í.k ds }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA

¥ bl ifj;kstuk ds }kjk xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa yksxksa dh vkthfodk vtZu ds fy, dk;Z fd;k tk;sxk rFkk yksxksa dks foÙkh; lqfoèkk,¡ miyC/ djk;h tk;sxhA

¥ ;g foÙkh; lekos'ku ds fy, Hkh mi;ksxh gSA blds rgr fMftVy iQkbusal dks Hkh

cy feysxkA

nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk& jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk vfHk;ku

nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk& jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk vfHk;ku (Mh,okbZ&,uvkj,y,e) xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa fuèkZurk mUewyu ds fy;s Hkkjr ljdkj ds xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx ds lcls izeq[k dk;ZØeksa esa ls ,d gSA bldk y{; fuèkZu xzkeh.k efgykvksa dks [kqn dh laLFkkvksa& Lolgk;rk lewg ,oa muds vU; la?kksa tSls& izkWM~;wllZ dysfDVOl ,oa ,sls vU; la?kksa esa laxfBr gksus esa enn djus ds vykok mudks vkthfodk ,oa foÙkh; lekos'ku esa enn djuk Hkh gSA

nhun;ky vaR;ksn; ;kstuk& jk"Vªh;

xzkeh.k vkthfodk vfHk;ku dk ,d egRoiw.kZ

vax fuèkZu xzkeh.k ;qodksa dks Lojkstxkj vkSj

etnwjh vkèkkfjr jkstxkj ds fy;s izf'k{k.k iznku

djuk gSA blds fy;s ea=kky; nhun;ky vaR;ksn;

;kstuk& jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk vfHk;ku ds

rgr nhun;ky mikè;k;& xzkeh.k dkS'kYk ;kstuk

(MhMh;w&thdsokbZ) dks ykxw dj jgh gSA

nhun;ky mikè;k;& xzkeh.k dkS'kYk

;kstuk ,d jkstxkj ls tqM+h dkS'ky fodkl

;kstuk gS ftldk mís'; fuèkZu xzkeh.k ;qokvksa

ds dkS'ky dk fodkl djuk vkSj mUgsa T;knk

etnwjh okys vFkZO;oLFkk ds {ks=kksa esa jkstxkj

fnyokuk gSA n



1- isM+ yxkus esa Hkkjr vkSj phu fo'o esa lcls vkxs

gky gh esa uklk dh fjiksVZ ls irk pyk gS fd Hkkjr vkSj phu isM+&ikS/s yxkus vkSj Ñf"k vkèkkfjr vius egRokdka{kh dk;ZØeksa dh cnkSyr /jrh dks gjk&Hkjk cukus dh fn'kk esa vkxs c<+ jgs gSaA ;g tkudkjh i`Foh dh ifjØek dj jgs uklk ds nks mixzgksa ds ,d midj.k }kjk yxHkx 20 lky rd fjdkWMZ fd, x, MsVk ls feyh gS] ftls ekWMjsV fjtksY;w'ku besftax LisDVªksjsfM;ksehVj dgk tkrk gSA

fjiksVZ ds çeq• fcanq

¥ fjiksVZ ls irk pyk gS fd 2000 ds n'kd ds 'kq:vkrh nkSj esa oSf'od :i ls phu esa gfj;kyh dk foLrkj de ls de 25 çfr'kr

gqvk vkSj Hkkjr Hkh yxHkx blds djhc FkkA

¥ uklk ds vè;;u ds eqrkfcd] 2000&2017 ds chp nqfu;k dks gjk&Hkjk djus esa Hkkjr vkSj phu dk ;ksxnku ,d&frgkbZ jgk tcfd /jrh dh ou Hkwfe dk 9» {ks=k gh bu nksuksa ns'kksa ds ikl gSA

¥ 2017 esa Hkkjr us dsoy 12 ?kaVksa esa 6-6 djksM+ ikS/s yxkdj viuk gh fo'o fjdkWMZ rksM+k FkkA

¥ 'kks/drkZvksa dks MsVk ds ckn irk pyk gS fd bl nkSjku /jrh dh gfj;kyh esa ik¡p çfr'kr dh o`f¼ gqbZ gS] tks iwjs vestu

o"kkZou {ks=k ds cjkcj gSA

¥ phu Hkw{kj.k] ok;q çnw"k.k ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu dks de djus ds y{; ls ouksa dks c<+kus vkSj mUgsa lajf{kr j•us ds egRokdka{kh dk;ZØeksa dks pyk jgk gSA

¥ bl vè;;u dk ;g urhtk ml vke èkkj.kk ds myV gS ftlds rgr ;g dgk tkrk gS fd cM+h vkcknh okys ns'kksa esa T;knk nksgu dh otg ls gfjr {ks=kksa esa fxjkoV vk jgh gSA

¥ Hkkjr vkSj phu esa 1970 vkSj 1980 ds n'kd esa isM+&ikS/ksa ds laca/ esa fLFkfr lgh ugha FkhA bl vè;;u ds ifj.kkeLo:i ;g Hkh tkfgj gqvk gS fd 20 lky igys dh rqyuk esa nqfu;k T;knk gjh&Hkjh gqbZ gSA n

2- uklk us dh vikWP;ZqfuVh jksoj ds var dh ?kks"k.kk

gky gh esa vesfjdk dh varfj{k ,tsalh uklk us vius vikWP;ZqfuVh jksoj fe'ku dh lekfIr dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh gSA vikWP;ZqfuVh jksoj 15 lky rd eaxy ij jgk gSA dqN fnuksa igys jksoj ds lkFk laokn djus ds vafre ç;kl fd, x, ysfdu blesa dksbZ çfrfØ;k ugha feyhA blds ckn uklk }kjk dSfyiQksfuZ;k ds iklkMsuk esa ,tsalh dh tsV

çksiY'ku ç;ksx'kkyk esa ,d laoknnkrk lEesyu esa ;g ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA

jksoj us fiNyh ckj 10 twu 2018 dks i`Foh ds lkFk lapkj fd;k FkkA mlds ckn eaxy xzg ij vk, jsrhys rwiQku ds dkj.k lkSj ÅtkZ lapkfyr jksoj ls laidZ VwV x;k vkSj djhc vkB eghus rd blls dksbZ laidZ ugha gks ik;kA

fe'ku dh Vhe ds vuqlkj] ,slh laHkkouk gS fd vikWP;ZqfuVh jksoj us ÅtkZ dh deh ds dkj.k dke djuk can dj fn;kA Vhe ds lnL;ksa us gkyk¡fd jksoj ls dbZ ckj laidZ djus dk ç;kl fd;k] ysfdu liQyrk u feyus ij bls e`r ?kksf"kr djus dk iQSlyk fd;k x;kA

n

3- pkxksl }hilewg ij varjkZ"Vªh; U;k;ky; dk iQSlyk

gky gh esa varjkZ"Vªh; U;k;ky; (vkblhts) us fgan egklkxj ds pkxksl }hi lewg ij fczVsu ds nkos dks •kfjt dj fn;k gSA vius iQSlys esa vkblhts us fczVsu dks tYn ls tYn }hi lewg dks •kyh djus dk vkns'k Hkh fn;k gSA KkrO; gS fd ekWjh'kl us pkxksl }hi lewg ij nkok trkrs gq, varjkZ"Vªh; U;k;ky; (International Court of

Justice-ICJ) esa vihy dh FkhA

i`"BHkwfe

ekWjh'kl dks 1968 esa fczVsu ls vktknh feyh FkhA ysfdu mlls igys gh 1965 esa fczVsu us ekWjh'kl ls pkxksl }hi lewg dks vyx dj fn;k FkkA

varjkZ"Vªh; U;k;ky; dk iQSlyk

¥ vkblhts us vius iQSlys esa dgk gS fd }hi lewg dks dkuwuh rjhds ls ekWjh'kl ls vyx ugha fd;k x;k FkkA cfYd ekWjh'kl ls mls vyx djus dh dkjZokbZ xSj&dkuwuh FkhA

¥ fczVsu ds 'kklu okys bl }hi lewg ij vesfjdk dk fM,xks xzSfl;k lSU; vîók gSA

¥ U;k;ky; us dgk gS fd }hi lewg ls viuk 'kklu tYn ls tYn •Re djuk fczVsu dk drZO; gSA

¥ vkblhts dk ;g iQSlyk dkuwuh rkSj ij ckè;dkjh ugha] cfYd ijke'kZnk;h gSA ysfdu bl iQSlys dks la;qÙkQ jk"Vª egklHkk

esa Hkstk tk,xk] tgka bl ij cgl gksxhA ;gka ij fczVsu dk i{k uk fliQZ detksj gksxk] cfYd varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij mldh Nfo Hkh •jkc gksxhA

pkxksl }hilewg

¥ pkxksl }hilewg fgan egklkxj esa ,d }hilewg gS] tks Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ds nf{k.kh fgLls ls yxHkx 1]000 ehy (1]600 fdeh) nwj nf{k.k esa fLFkr gSA

¥ fczVsu dh ljdkj bls fczfV'k fgan egklkxjh; {ks=k ;k BIOT (British Indian

Ocean Territory) ds :i esa lanfHkZr djrh gSA n

29ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


4- lso n fpYMªsu fjiksVZ

gky gh esa xSj ljdkjh laxBu ^lso n fpYMsªu baVjus'kuy* }kjk tkjh fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k fd ;q¼ vkSj mlds çHkko dh otg ls gj lky de ls de ,d yk• cPpksa dh ekSr gks tkrh gSA blesa Hkw• vkSj enn uk feyus tSls çHkko Hkh 'kkfey gSaA fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd vuqekur% 10 ;q¼xzLr ns'kksa esa 2013 ls 2017 ds chp ;q¼ dh otg ls 5-5 yk• cPps ne rksM+ pqds gSaA bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ^gj ik¡p esa ls djhc ,d cPpk ladVxzLr bykdksa esa jg jgk gS vkSj chrs nks n'kd esa ;g lcls cM+h la[;k gSA*

fjiksVZ ds eq[; fcanq

¥ lso n fpYMªsu us dgk fd mlus vksLyks(ukWoZs) fLFkr ihl fjlpZ baLVhVÔwV ds lkFk vè;;u esa ik;k fd 2017 esa 42

djksM+ cPps ladVxzLr bykdksa esa jg jgs FksA

¥ ;g nqfu;kHkj ds cPpksa dh la[;k dk 18 iQhlnh fgLlk gS vkSj chrs lky ds eqdkcys blesa 3 djksM+ cPpksa dk btkiQk gqvk gSA

¥ bu ladVxzLr bykdksa esa viQxkfuLrku] eè; vÚhdh x.kjkT;] dkaxks] bjkd] ekyh] ukbthfj;k] lksekfy;k] nf{k.k lwMku] lhfj;k vkSj ;eu tSls ns'k 'kkfey gSaA

¥ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj bu cPpksa dh ekSr ;q¼ vkSj mlds çHkkoksa ls gqbZ gS] ftlesa Hkw•] vLirkyksa vkSj cqfu;knh <k¡pksa dks gqvk uqdlku] LokLF; ns•Hkky rd igq¡p dh deh] LoPNrk vkSj enn ugha fey ikus tSls dkj.k Hkh 'kkfey gSaA

¥ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ;q¼ esa ?kk;y gq, vkSj ekjs x, cPpksa dh la[;k rhu xquk c<+h gSA

lso n fpYMªsu

lso n fpYMªsu fo'o ds lcls iqjkus cky vf/dkj laxBuksa esa ls ,d gSA bldh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1919 esa gqbZ FkhA ;g Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2008 ls dk;Zjr gSA Hkkjr ds 18 jkT;ksa esa ;g vc rd 6-1 fefy;u cPpksa rd viuh igq¡p cuk pqdk gSA ;g ,uthvks cPpksa dks vkikr fLFkfr ds nkSjku xq.koÙkkiw.kZ f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; lsok] 'kks"k.k ls lqj{kk vkSj thou j{kd lgk;rk çnku djus ds fy, Hkkjr vkSj 'kgjh {ks=kksa ds nwjLFk {ks=kksa esa fofHkUu dk;ZØe pykrk gSA ;g cPpksa ds lokZsÙke fgr ds fy, uhfr;ksa esa cnyko ykus ds fy, ljdkj ds lkFk feydj dke djrk gSA fo'o Lrj ij lso n fpYMªsu 120 ns'kksa esa ekStwn gS vkSj ogk¡ jgus okys cPpksa dh fLFkfr dks lqèkkjus ds fy, dke djrk gSA n

5- nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h e/qeD[kh

gky gh esa oSKkfudksa us foyqIr ekuh tkuh okyh nqfu;k esa lcls cM+s vkdkj okyh eknk e/qeD•h dks 38 lky ckn <wa< fy;k gSA okbYM ykbiQ iQksVksxzkiQj Dys cksYV us igyh ckj baMksusf'k;k vkbZySaM ij e/qeD•h dks dSejs esa dSn fd;kA oSKkfudksa ds eqrkfcd] baMksusf'k;k ds vkbZySaM ij vaxwBs ds vkdkj dh e/qeD•h ikbZ xbZ gSA bls 1981 ls gh foyqIr eku fy;k x;k Fkk ftls oSKkfud Hkk"kk esa okWysal tkbaV ch vkSj

vke Hkk"kk esa Ýykbax cqyMkWx dgk tkrk gSA ;g ;wjksfi;u e/qeD•h ls pkj xquk T;knk cM+h gS vkSj thouHkj ,d gh NÙks esa vdsys jguk ilan djrh gSA

eknk e/qeD•h dh yackbZ Ms<+ bap rd gksrh gS vkSj ia• <kbZ bap yacs gksrs gSaA ogha uj eèkqeD•h dh yackbZ egt 23 feeh- rd gksrh gSA •kl ckr gS fd dsoy eknk e/qeD•h ds ikl cM+k tcM+k gksrk gS ftldk dke jsftu bdêòk djus vkSj NÙkk cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSAn

6- i`Foh dh lrg ds ekStwn fo'kkydk; ioZr

gky gh esa oSKkfudksa us i`Foh dh Åijh lrg (HkwiiZVh) ds uhps ds fgLls ^^eSaVy** esa cM+s ioZrksa dk irk yxk;k gSA bl tkudkjh ds feyus ls vc i`Foh ds fuekZ.k ds ckjs esa gekjh vc rd dh le> esa cnyko vk ldrk gSA i`Foh dh lajpuk dks eq[;r% rhu Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk gS– ØLV (Crust)] eSaVy (Mantle) vkSj dksj (Core)A ØLV i`Foh dk ckgjh {ks=k] esaVy eè; {ks=k vkSj dksj vkarfjd {ks=k gSA bu rhuksa dh lajpuk esa fHkUurk ds vk/kj ij budk oxhZdj.k

fd;k x;k gSA

lkbal uke dh ,d if=kdk esa çdkf'kr vè;;u ds eqrkfcd] oSKkfudksa us /jrh dh lrg ls 660 fdyksehVj uhps Åijh vkSj fupys eSaVy dks vyx djus okyh ,d ijr ij ioZrksa vkSj vU; lajpuk dk irk yxkus ds fy, cksyhfo;k esa vk, Hkwdai ds vk¡dM+ksa dk bLrseky fd;kA bl ijr ds fy, ,d vkSipkfjd uke ds vHkko esa 'kks/kfFkZ;ksa us bls ^^660 fdyksehVj lhek** dk uke fn;k gSA oSKkfudksa us i`Foh dh

vkarfjd lajpuk ls çkIr vk¡dM+ksa ds vk/kj ij gh bu igkM+ksa dh tkudkjh nh gSA oSKkfudksa us vR;kèkqfud daI;wVjksa ds ekè;e ls bu tfVy vk¡dM+ksa dk vè;;u fd;kA blesa crk;k x;k fd tSls çdk'k rjaxsa fdlh niZ.k ;k fçTe ls Vdjkdj çdk'k dks ijkofrZr djrh gSa] Bhd mlh çdkj Hkwdaih; rjaxsa le:i pêðkuksa esa fuckZ/ pyrh gSa] ysfdu ekxZ esa fdlh Hkh mcM+&•kcM+ ;k •qjnqjsiu ds dkj.k ;s rjaxsa Hkh ijkofrZr gks tkrh gSaA n



7- 3 yk[k ls T;knk vkdk'kxaxkvksa dk irk yxk

gky gh esa yks&fÚDosalh ,js (Low-Frequency

Array- LOFAR) nwjchu ls igys ls ekStwn gtkjksa vKkr vkdk'kxaxkvksa dk irk pyk gSA ;g nwjchu /hek çdk'k lzksrksa dk irk yxk ldrk gS] tks vf/dka'k vkWfIVdy midj.k ns•us esa vleFkZ gSaA varfj{k loZs{k.k esa dgk x;k gS fd bl nwjchu us czãk.M ds dqN xgjs jgL;ksa ij ubZ jks'kuh MkyhA bl nwjchu ls irk pyk gS fd CySd gksy dh HkkSfrdh vkSj vkdk'kxaxkvksa ds lewg dSls fodflr gq,A

vè;;u esa 18 ns'kksa ds 200 ls vf/d •xksyfonksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k Fkk] tks mÙkjh xksyk¼Z ds ,d pkSFkkbZ ls vf/d vkdk'k dks ns•us ds fy, jsfM;ks •xksy foKku dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA vè;;u esa ik;k x;k fd 300]000 vkdk'kxaxk czãk.M esa ekStwn gSa tks igys dHkh ugha ns•k x;k gSA

LOFAR voyksduksa }kjk cuk;s x;s uD'ks esa dsoy nks izfr'kr vk¡dM+s izkIr fd;s tk lds gSa] tcfd nwjchu esa nl fefy;u MhohMh dh {kerk

ds cjkcj vk¡dM+s 'kkfey gSaA

LOFAR VsyhLdksi

¥ yks&fÚDosalh ,js (LOFAR) ,d cM+k jsfM;ks VsyhLdksi usVodZ gS tks eq[; :i ls uhnjySaM~l esa fLFkr gSA

¥ LOFAR nwjchu lkr ns'kksa ds ,d ;wjksi&okbM usVodZ jsfM;ks ,aVhuk ls cuk gS] tks 1]300 fdyksehVj (800&ehy) O;kl ds mixzg fM'k ds cjkcj gSA n


31ekpZ 2019 A vad&1

lkr czsu cwLVlZ


33ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


35ekpZ 2019 A vad&1


37ekpZ 2019 A vad&1



lkr oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj(czsu cwLVlZ ij vkèkkfjr)

1- :iQVkWi lkSj ifj;kstuk

iz- :iQVkWi lkSj ifj;kstuk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- tokgjykyusg:jk"Vªh;lkSjfe'ku;kstukdh'kq:vkr2006esadhxbZFkhA

2- jk"Vªh;lkSjmQtkZfe'kudsrgro"kZ2022rd:iQVkWilkSjifj;kstukvksals40]000esxkokVdhlap;h{kerkgkflydjukgSA

3- bllsizkÑfrdlalkèkuksadknksguvfèkdgksxkA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\

(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2

(c) dsoy1vkSj2 (d) dsoy2vkSj3

mÙkj% (b)

O;k[;k%tokgjykyusg:jk"Vªh;lkSjfe'ku;kstukdh'kq:vkr11tuojh2010esatyok;qifjorZuijjk"Vªh;dk;Z;kstukds,dfgLlsds:iesadhxbZFkhAbl;kstuklsizkÑfrdlalkèkuksadknksgudegksxkoghai;kZoj.kiznw"k.keqDrgksxkvkSjyksxksadkslLrhnjksaijfctyhfeyldsxhAblizdkjfn;sx,dFkuksaesadsoydFku&2lghgS]tcfdvU;lHkhdFkuxyrgSaA n

2- ilZuy ykW vesaMesaV fcy] 2018

iz- ilZuy ykW vesaMesaV fcy] 2018 ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- blfoèks;ddsvuqlkjdq"Bjksxdsvkèkkjijrykdfy;ktkldrkgSA

2- fofèkvk;ksxusdq"BjksxlsihfM+ryksxksadslkFkHksnHkkookysfu;eksavkSjizkoèkkuksadks[kReudjusdhfliQkfj'kdhFkhA


(a)dsoy1 (b) dsoy2

(c) 1vkSj2nksuksa (d) urks1vkSjugh2

mÙkj% (d)

O;k[;k%gkyghesajkT;lHkkusilZuyykWvesaMesaVfcy]2018ikfjrfd;kgS]ftldkmís';dq"Bdsvkèkkjijrykddsfu;edks[kRedjukgSAbldsvykokfofèkvk;ksxusdq"BjksxlsihfM+ryksxksadslkFkHksnHkkookysfu;eksavkSjizkoèkkuksadks[kRedjusdhfliQkfj'kdhFkhAblizdkjfn,x,nksuksadFkuxyrgSaA n

3- jk"Vªh; bysDVªkWfud uhfr 2019

iz- jk"Vªh; bysDVªkWfud uhfr 2019 ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- bluhfresaoSf'odLrjijizfrLi¼hZbZ,lMh,elsDVjdsfy,vuqdwyekgkSycuk;ktk,xkA

2- bluhfrdsrgrizeq[kbysDVªkWfuddyiqtks±dsfofuekZ.kdsfy,izksRlkgu,oalgk;rknhtk,xhA

3- bluhfresdkexkjksadkdkS'kylqfuf'prdjuk'kkfeyughagSA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh ugha gS@gSa\

(a)dsoy1 (b) dsoy2

(c) dsoy1o3 (d) dsoy3

mÙkj% (d)

O;k[;k% jk"Vªh; bysDVªkWfuduhfr 2019esa fpi fMtkbum|ksx]esfMdybysDVªkWfudmidj.km|ksx]ikWojbysDVªkWfuDlbR;kfnijfo'ks"ktksjfn;ktk,xkAdq'kyJecydhmiyCèkrkesamYys[kuh;o`f¼dsfy,izksRlkguvkSjlgk;rkHkhnhtk,xhAblesadkexkjksadkdkS'kyfiQjlslqfuf'prdjukHkh'kkfeygSAblizdkjfn,x,dFkuksaesadsoydFku3xyrgS]tcfdvU;dFkulghgSaA n

4- Mksesu use loZj

iz- Mksesu use loZj (DNS) ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,A

1- MksesuuseloZjdkeq[;dk;ZMksesuusedksvkbZih(IP),MªslesaifjofrZrdjukgksrkgSA

2- baVjus'kuydkWjiksjs'kuiQkWj,lkbUMusEl,aMuaclZ(ICANN)nqfu;kdslHkhMksesuusedksizcafèkrdjrkgSA

3- tcfdlhHkhMksesuusedksoscczkmtjesaVkbidjrsgSarksvkbih,MªslmldksMh,u,l(DNS)esaifjofrZrdjnsrkgSA

4- MksesuuseloZjbaVjusVdsfy,fdlhfunsZf'kdkdhrjggSA

mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu lk@ls lgh gS@ gSa\

(a)dsoy1vkSj3 (b) dsoy2

(c) dsoy1]2vkSj4 (d) dsoy3

mÙkj% (c)


39ekpZ 2019 A vad&1

O;k[;k%tc;wtjfdlhHkhMksesuusedksoscczkmtj(xwxy]eksftyk)esaVkbidjrsgSarksMh,u,lmldksvkbZih,MªslesaifjofrZrdj nsrk gSA ,slk blfy, fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd ;wtj vkbZih ,Mªsl(xf.krh;la[;k)dhrqyukesa'kCnksadksT;knkvklkuhls;knj[kldrsgSaAblizdkjdFku3xyrgS]tcfdvU;dFkulghgSaA n

5- ou vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e dks pqukSrh

iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

1- ouvfèkdkjdkuwudsvarxZrljdkjusikjEifjdouokfl;ksadksmudsxk¡odhlhekvksadsHkhrjouksardigq¡pus]izcaèkuvkSj'kkludjusdkvfèkdkjfn;kFkkA

2- oukfèkdkjdkuwu1tuojh2008dksykxwgqvkFkkA


(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2

(c) 1vkSj2nksuksa (d) urks1vkSjugh2

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k% ouvfèkdkj dkuwu iwjs Hkkjr esa ou Hkwfe vkSj oulalkèkuksa ij O;fDrxrvkSjlkewfgdvfèkdkj nsrk gSA;gdkuwu 1tuojh2008dksykxwgqvkFkkAoukfèkdkjdkuwunksizdkjdsyksxksadksouesajgusdkvfèkdkjnsrkgS]igysostksvfnoklhgSavkSjtaxyesajgrsgSavkSjnwljsostksijaijkxr:ilsouoklhgSarFkktaxydsmRiknksaijfiNys75o"kks±lsfuHkZjgSaAblizdkjnksuksadFkulghgSaAn

6- IyqfjiksVsaV LVse lsy


1- Vhdksf'kdk,¡izfrj{kkra=kdhdksf'kdk,¡gksrhgSa]tkslaØe.kksalsyM+rhgSaA

2- Vhdksf'kdkvksa esadSaljdhdksf'kdkvksadks [kRedjusdh{kerkgksrhgSA

3- DyksfuaxvkSjLVselsy,dnwljsdsiwjdgSaA


(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2

(c) dsoy1vkSj2 (d) dsoy3

mÙkj% (c)

O;k[;k%oSKkfudksausIyqfjiksVsaVLVsedksf'kdkvksadksifjiDoVhdksf'kdkvksa escnyusesal{ke],dubZ rduhd fodflrdhgStksV~;wejdks[kRedjusesadkjxjgksldrhgSADyksfuaxvkSjLVselsynksuksavyx&vyxgSa]Dyksfuaxesathodkizfr:irS;kjgksrkgSA;gizfr:iMh,u,lsrS;kjgksrkgSAblizdkjdFku3xyrgStcfdvU;dFkulghgSaA n

7- Hkkjr&nf{k.k dksfj;k lacaèk


1- HkkjrvkSjnf{k.kdksfj;kdschpO;kikfjdvkSjvkfFkZdlacaèkudscjkcjgSaA

2- nf{k.kdksfj;kdhvFkZO;oLFkkiwjhrjglsvk;krijfuHkZjgSA


(a) dsoy1 (b) dsoy2

(c) 1o2nksuksa (d) urks1vkSjugh2

mÙkj% (d)

O;k[;k%nf{k.kdksfj;kusHkkjrdksviukfo'ks"kj.kuhfrdlk>snkj?kksf"krdjpqdkgSAHkkjrvkSjnf{k.kdksfj;kdschpO;kikfjdvkSjvkfFkZdlacaèkksadsvykoklkefjdlacaèkksaesa,slkcnykons[kkx;kgStks,sfrgkfldgSAnf{k.kdksfj;kdhvFkZO;oLFkkiwjhrjglsfu;kZrijvkèkkfjrgSufdvk;krijAblizdkjnksuksadFkuxyrgSaA n



lkr egRoiw.kZ rF;

1- iQkbusaf'k;y,D'kuVkLdiQkslZ(FATF)usgkyghesavkradhiQafMaxdksjksdusesaukdkejgusdsfy,fdl

ns'kdks^xzsfyLV*esaj•usdkiQSlykfd;kgS\

&ikfdLrku

2- gkyghesafdlvarjkZ"Vªh;laxBuusfo'ojkstxkjrFkklkekftdifjn`';VªsaM2019fjiksVZtkjhdh\

&varjkZ"Vªh; Je laxBu

3- gkyghesalqf[kZ;ksaesajgk^lsyknjkZ*fdljkT;esafLFkrgS\

&v#.kkpy çns'k

4- gkyghesaHkkjrh;i`"BHkwfeijcuhfdliQhpjfiQYedkso"kZ2019dkvkWLdjvokMZiznkufd;kx;k\

&ihfj;M ,aM vkWiQ lsaVsal

5- gkyghesafdlvarjkZ"Vªh;laxBuusvarjkZ"Vªh;jklk;fudrÙovkorZlkj.kho"kZyk¡pfd;k\

&;wusLdks

6- gkyghesafdliQhpjfiQYedkso"kZ2019dkvkWLdjvokWMZiznkufd;kx;k\

&xzhu cqd

7- dksMhjkeÑ".k]ftudkgkyghesafu/ugksx;k]fdl{ks=kh;flusekdsçfl¼fiQYefunZs'kdFks\

&rsyxq fiQYedkj


41ekpZ 2019 A vad&1

lkr egRoiw.kZ fcanq % lkHkkj ihvkbZch

1- oSf'od fMftVy LokLF; lk>snkjh lEesyu

gky gh esa dsaæh; LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kh Jh ts-ih- uîók us ubZ fnYyh esa pkSFks oSf'od fMftVy LokLF; lks>snkjh lEesyu dk mn~?kkVu fd;kA fMftVy LokLF; ij oSf'od varj&ljdkjh lEesyu dk vk;kstu LokLF; vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k ea=kky; }kjk fo'o LokLF; laxBu (MCY;w,pvks) rFkk oSf'od fMftVy LokLF; lk>snkjh (thMh,pih) ds lg;ksx ls fd;k x;k gSA

çeq• fcanq

¥ Hkkjr ljdkj ds vuqlkj Hkkjr rFkk fo'o dh laiw.kZ LokLF; ns•Hkky ç.kkyh esa rsth ls ifjorZu gks jgk gSA

¥ bl lEesyu esa Hkkjr us dgk gS fd og fMftVy LokLF; dk;ZØeksa rFkk fMftVy lekos'ku ds ekè;e ls iafÙkQ esa •M+s vafre O;fDr rd igq¡pus ds fy, ladYic¼ gSA

¥ fMftVy LokLF; dk;ZØe bl ifjorZu dks xfr çnku dj jgk gSA

¥ fMftVy LokLF; dk;ZØe esa lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; dojst (;w,plh) dks leFkZu nsus dh vikj {kerk gS vkSj blds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj ladYic¼ gSA

¥ Hkkjr lekt ds detksj vkSj oafpr yksxksa ds fy, lkoZHkkSfed LokLF; dojst lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ladYic¼ gS vkSj blds fy, vk;q"eku Hkkjr uke ls O;kid LokLF; ns•Hkky ;kstuk yk¡p dh xbZ gSA

¥ blds çkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d Lrj ij LokLF; vkSj vkjksX; dsaæ (,pMC;wlh) gSa vkSj mPp Lrj ij ç/kuea=kh tu&vkjksX; ;kstuk (ih,ets,okbZ) gSA

¥ ç/kuea=kh tu&vkjksX; ;kstuk ds varxZr ek=k 155 fnuksa esa 1-3 fefy;u yksxksa us bl ;kstuk dk ykHk mBk;kA

2- tSo izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx ds LFkkiuk fnol ij izeq[k fe'kuksa dh 'kq:vkr

gky gh esa foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; esa tSo çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx us ubZ fnYyh esa viuk 33oka LFkkiuk fnol euk;k] ftldh Fkhe ¶lsfyczsfVax ck;ksVsDuksykWth % fcfYMax bafM;u ,t ,u buksos'ku us'ku¸ j•h xbZ FkhA

çeq• fcanq

¥ ljdkj us LokLF; lsok] iQlyksa dh csgrj fdLeksa] i'kq funku vkSj LoPN ÅtkZ mRiknu iSnk djus esa fiNys 33 o"kks± ds nkSjku tSo çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx dh Hkwfedk dks mtkxj fd;kA

¥ ljdkj us {kerk fuekZ.k ds {ks=k] ubZ tkudkjh l`ftr djus] lekukarj vuqla/ku vkSj tSo çkS|ksfxdh LVkVZ&vi ç.kkyh dks c<+kok nsus esa gqbZ çxfr dh tkudkjh nhA

¥ bl lekjksg esa çeq• fe'kuksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ] ftuesa vVy t; vuqla/ku] ck;ksVsd fe'ku&jk"Vªh; Lrj ij çklafxd çkS|ksfxdh uoksUess"k miØe (;w,u,VhvkbZ) 'kkfey gS] ftlds vxys ik¡p o"kZ ds nkSjku LokLF;] Ñf"k vkSj ÅtkZ ds {ks=kksa esa cnyko dh mEehn gSA

¥ bl fe'ku esa th,vkjch,p&vkbZ,uvkbZ Hkh 'kkfey gSA ;g fe'ku ek¡ vkSj cPpksa ds LokLF; dks c<+kok nsus vkSj le; ls iwoZ tUe ds fy, Hkfo";ok.kh djus okys lkèkuksa dks fodflr djus laca/h gSA

¥ vkbZ,uMhlhbZihvkbZ& ;g fe'ku LFkkuh; chekfj;ksa ds fy, lLrs Vhds fodflr djus ds fy, gSA

¥ gky gh esa ljdkj us fofHkUu laLFkkuksa esa dkS'ky fodkl dsUæksa dh LFkkiuk dh gS vkSj dkS'ky foKku dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, jkT; foKku vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ifj"kn ds lkFk lg;ksx fd;k gSA



3- jsy n`f"V MS'kcksMZgky gh esa jsy ea=kh Jh ih;w"k xks;y us Hkkjrh; jsyos ds lHkh ç;klksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq, rFkk ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tckonsgh dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ^jsy n`f"V MS'kcksMZ* dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA

çeq• fcanq

¥ Hkkjr dh turk dks jsyos dh py jgh ifj;kstukvksa ds ckjs esa tkx:d djus ds fy,] jsy n`f"V MS'kcksMZ dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZ gSA

¥ ;g fofHkUu lzksrksa ls ,d gh LFkku ij tkudkjh ,d=k djsxk vkSj ns'k ds çR;sd ukxfjd dks çeq• vk¡dM+ksa vkSj ekinaMksa rd igq¡p çnku djsxkA

¥ bl MS'kcksMZ rd MsLdVkWi@ySiVkWi vFkok eksckby midj.k tSls iQksu vFkok VScysV dk bLrseky djrs gq, igq¡p cukbZ tk ldrh gSA

¥ bl MS'kcksMZ dk ;wvkj,y ¶raildrishti.cris.org.in¸ gSA

¥ bl MS'kcksMZ ds tfj, xzkgd vFkok jsy ;kf=k;ksa dks ns'kHkj esa Hkkjrh; jsyos esa cgqvk;keh cnyko ns•us dks feysxkA ;g MS'kcksMZ gj çdkj dh tkudkjh fdlh Hkh le;] dgha Hkh fdlh dks Hkh miyC/ djkus esa enn djsxkA

¥ ;g MS'kcksMZ Hkkjrh; jsyos ds pkj çeq• ekinaMksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrk gSA blesa ;k=kh vkj{k.k] vukjf{kr fVdfVax] ÚsV vfu±x vkSj ÚsV yksfMax 'kkfey gSaA

¥ jsy n`f"V esa 6 lsok,¡ ih,uvkj iwNrkN] vksMhlh vkosnu iwNrkN] f'kdk;r iwNrkN] VsaMj laca/h iwNrkN] Jfed iwNrkN vkSj ekyHkkM+k laca/h iwNrkN 'kkfey gSaA

¥ ;k=kh vc Hkkjrh; jsyos ds usVodZ ij fdlh Hkh Vªsu ij fuxjkuh j• ldrs gSaA ;kf=k;ksa dks Vªsu ds lkFk&lkFk gkml dhfiax ds deZpkfj;ksa ds ckjs esa Hkh tkudkjh fey ldrh gSA

¥ bl oxZ esa f'kdk;r çca/u ç.kkyh (lhvks,e,l) ds tfj, feyus okyh f'kdk;rksa dh fLFkfr ns•h tk ldrh gSA blesa gy dh xbZ vkSj yafcr f'kdk;rksa dh la[;k fn•kbZ nsrh gSA

4- lqij&,fQf'k;aV ,;j daMh'kfuax izksxzkegky gh esa ÅtkZ ea=kky; ds rgr pkj jk"Vªh; lkoZtfud {ks=k ds m|eksa ds la;qÙkQ miØe ^,uthZ ,fiQf'k,alh lfoZlst fyfeVsM us vkoklh; vkSj laLFkkxr miHkksÙkQkvksa ds fy, lqij&,fiQf'k;aV ,;j daMh'kfuax çksxzke dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA

çeq• fcanq

¥ ;s lqij&dq'ky ,;j daMh'kuj dh rqyuk esa 40 çfr'kr vf/d dq'ky gSa] ysfdu orZeku esa cktkj esa miyC/ 3&LVkj ,lh (vkbZ,lvkbZvkj 3-8) ds lkFk rqyuk esa bldh dher vf/d gSA

¥ EESL Hkfo"; esa mlds lkFk lk>snkjh djus dh laHkkouk okys vU; DISCOMs ds lkFk blds ykHkksa dks iwjs ns'k esa miyC/ djkus dh fn'kk esa dke dj jgk gSA

¥ EESL us ns'k esa 29 djksM+ ls vf/d LED cYc rFkk 50 yk• ,ybZMh LVªhVykbV dk forj.k fd;k gSA

¥ bl dk;ZØe ds ekè;e ls 2032 rd Hkkjr esa yxHkx pkj xquk ÅtkZ dh •ir esa o`f¼ dh laHkkouk dks çR;{k :i ls çHkkfor djrs gq, fdxkyh vkSj isfjl le>kSrksa ds rgr Hkkjr dks y{;ksa dh çkfIr esa Hkh l{ke cuk;sxkA

¥ blds vykok] ,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad (,Mhch) vko';d vuqnku lgk;rk vkSj ½.k çnku dj jgk gS] tcfd la;qÙkQ jk"Vª i;kZoj.k (;w,ubZih) lqij&dq'ky ,lh dk;ZØe dks rduhdh lgk;rk çnku dj jgk gSA

5- fMftVy bafM;k iqjLdkj

bysDVªkWfuDl ,oa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh ea=kky; tYn gh lHkh ukxfjdksa ds fy, lkoZtfud Mh,u,l dks ykxw djsxk lkFk gh lkbcj ls tqM+h ?kVukvksa ls fuiVus ds fy, lkbcj ladV çca/u ;kstuk 'kq: djsxkA

çeq• fcanq

¥ fMftVy bafM;k ls tqM+h igy dks lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh (vkbZVh) vkSj xous±l ls ijs ns•k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d ,slh igy gS ftldk mís'; vke turk dks l'kÙkQ cukuk gSA

¥ bldk mís'; 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa utj vk jgh •kbZ dks ikVuk vkSj xous±l esa ikjnf'kZrk ykus ds jk"Vªh; ç;klksa dh dke;kch lqfuf'pr djuk gSA

¥ Hkkjr esa MsVk ,ukfyfVDl dk dsUæ (gc) cuus dh lkjh lqfo/k,¡ gSa vkSj blds lkFk gh bl lsDVj esa Hkkjr dk opZLo LFkkfir djus esa ,uvkbZlh dh çeq• Hkwfedk gSA

¥ lkbcj lqj{kk ls tqM+s fdiQk;rh lek/kuksa (lkWY;w'ku) dk fodkl djus ds eqís ij Hkh rRdky è;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA

¥ ljdkj us dgk gS fd futh {ks=k dks vko';d lg;ksx nsus esa ljdkj ds çkS|ksfxdh laj{kd (dLVksfM;u) dks drbZ fgpfdpkuk ugha pkfg,A


43ekpZ 2019 A vad&1

¥ Hkkjr ds Ñf"k ifjn`'; dks csgrj djus] ljdkjh Ldwyksa dks çkS|ksfxdh midj.kksa ls ySl djds çkFkfed f'k{kk dk ekudhdj.k djus vkSj lLrh çkS|ksfxdh okyh LokLF; lsok,¡ eqgS;k djkus esa çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djus dh fn'kk esa ,uvkbZlh dks dk;Zjr gksuk pkfg,A

¥ fMftVy bafM;k iqjLdkjksa us bZ&'kklu ds fy, ,d çHkkoh lk/u ds :i esa fo'oO;kih osc&eap ds bLrseky dks c<+kok nsus esa çeq• Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA lkFk gh vusd foHkkxksa dks blls çsj.kk feyh gSA

¥ fiNys dqN o"kks± esa fofHkUu ljdkjh foHkkxksa dks vuqdj.kh; dk;Z djus ds fy, fMftVy bafM;k iqjLdkj fn;k tk pqdk gSA

6- f'k"V Hkkjr vfHk;kuijek.kq ÅtkZ vkSj varfj{k jkT; ea=kh MkW- ftrsUæ flag us gky gh esa f'k"V Hkkjr vfHk;ku dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA

çeq• fcanq

¥ bl vk;kstu dh Fkhe& Ldwyksa vkSj dkWystksa esa uSfrd foKku f'k{kk ds egÙo ij ppkZ djuk vkSj ikB~ÔØe esa uSfrd foKku dks ,d fo"k; ds :i esa 'kkfey djuk FkkA

¥ ofj"B ukxfjd dks lcls igys vius vkidks f'kf{kr djus dh t:jr gSA çkphu xzaFkksa esa dgk x;k gS fd ewY;ksa dks cnyus esa rhu ihf<+;ka yxrh gSa] blfy, gekjh vkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ esa vPNs ewY;ksa dks 'kkfey djus ds fy, yxkrkj ç;kl fd, tkus pkfg,A Hkkjr ,d xfr'khy yksdra=k gS vkSj bu cnykoksa dks viukdj ge ykHk mBk ldrs gSaA

¥ bl rjg ds vfHk;ku turk dks jpukRed fn'kk esa ys tkrs gSaA mUgksaus dgk fd ^LoPN Hkkjr vfHk;ku* vkt tu&vkanksyu cu x;k gSA

¥ LoPN Hkkjr tSls vfHk;ku ls turk tkx:d gqbZ gS vkSj mlds Åij ldkjkRed çHkko iM+k gSA

7- foekuu lEesyu 2019

gky gh esa ukxj foekuu ea=kky; }kjk ̂ lHkh ds fy, mM+ku* fo"k; oLrq ds lkFk ^foekuu lEesyu 2019* dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA

çeq• fcanq

¥ Hkkjr ljdkj us dgk gS fd Hkkjrh; foekuu {ks=k esa og Økafr ykuk pkgrh gSA

¥ vkxkeh foekuu lEesyu esa Hkkjr Mªksu ç.kkfy;k¡] Hkkjr esa foekuksa ds fuekZ.k] Hkkjrh; vkSj fons'kh ,;jykbuksa }kjk Hkkjr ls foekuksa ds fy, foÙk iks"k.k vkSj iêðs] Hkkjrh; gokbZ vîóksa dks vxyh ih<+h ds foekuu dsUæksa esa cnyus vkSj Hkkjr ds çR;sd xk¡o dks oSf'od ewY; Ük`a•yk ls tksM+dj gokbZ dkxksZ laHkkouk dks •ksyus ds ckjs esa fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k tk,xkA

¥ ;g lEesyu Hkkjrh; foekuu {ks=k ds Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa gS tks gekjh ifjdYiuk&2040 dks gdhdr esa cnyus dh rS;kjh ds fy, çeq• m|ksxifr;ksa] ljdkj vkSj fu;kedksa dks ,d LFkku ij yk,xkA

¥ Hkkjr ljdkj us dgk gS fd U;k;laxr fu;eksa vkSj mi;qÙkQ uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k fiNys ik¡p o"kks± esa foekuu {ks=k esa tcjnLr çxfr ns•us dks feyh gSA 100 ls vf/d O;kolkf;d n`f"V ls tqM+s gokbZ vîóksa ds lkFk foekuu vc Hkkjrh;ksa ds thou dk dsaæ gSA

¥ Hkkjrh; ukxj foekuu m|ksx foLrkj ds vHkwriwoZ ;qx ls xqtj jgk gS] ftlesa de ykxr ds foeku (,ylhlh)] vkèkqfud gokbZ vîós] ?kjsyw ,;jykbuksa esa çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (,iQMhvkbZ)] vk/qfud lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh (vkbZVh gLr{ksi) vkSj {ks=kh; laidZ ij fo'ks"k è;ku nsuk 'kkfey gSaA



lkr egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u (eq[; ijh{kk gsrq)

1- U;wureleFkZuewY;dhppkZdjrsgq,crk,¡fd;gÑ"kdksadkfuEuvk;iQanslsfdlizdkjcpko

djrkgS\

2- Ñ".knsojk;udsoy,ddq'kyfo}kuFksvfirqfo|k,oalkfgR;dsegkulaj{kdHkhFksAfoospuk

dhft,A

3- v¼Z&U;kf;dfudk;lsD;krkRi;ZgS\mi;qDrmnkgj.kksadhlgk;rklsLi"Vdhft,A

4- uSfrd'kklu]lq'kkluvkSj'kklulsvkiD;kle>rsgSa\

5- Hkkjrh;lafoèkkuesalalndsnksuksalnuksadkla;qDrvfèkos'kufduifjfLFkfr;ksaesacqyk;ktkldrk

gS\muvoljksadksHkhfxukb,tc;gvfèkos'kuughafd;ktkldrkvkSjbldsdkj.kHkhcrkb,A

6- yksdys[kklfefrdsdk;ks±dhfoospukdhft,A

7- vkSifuosf'kdHkkjresaikjEifjddkjhxjhm|ksxdsiruusfdlizdkjxzkeh.kvFkZO;oLFkkdksviax

cukfn;k\foospukdhft,A

Address: 635, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi 110009

Phone No: 011-47354625/ 26 , 9205274741/42, 011-49274400

ध्येय IAS के व्हाट्सएप गु्रप से जुडने के लिए 9205336069 पर "Hi Dhyeya IAS" लिख कर मैसेज करें

आप हमारी वेबसाइट के माध्यम से भी जुड सकते हैं

www.dhyeyaias.com

www.dhyeyaias.in

/;s; IAS vc OgkV~l,i ij

Dhyeya IAS Now on Whatsapp

http://www.dhyeyaias.com/

http://www.dhyeyaias.in/

vad&1 · eas ifjorZu dk vkns'k dj ns (vuqPNsn 354) ,sls vkns'k dks laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k...

Documents

Transcript of vad&1 · eas ifjorZu dk vkns'k dj ns (vuqPNsn 354) ,sls vkns'k dks laln ds nksuksa lnuksa ds le{k...