UT Material Properties

8/6/2019 UT Material Properties

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Piezoelectrics LongitudinalVelocity

(cm/ sec)

R,

d33

(10-12 m/v)

g33

(10-3 vm/n)

FrequencyConstant

(Hz-m)

Density

(g/cm3)

Acustic Impeadance

g/cm3-sec

(x105)

AlN .488 N/A N/A N/A 2440 8.8 42.94

Barium Titanate .564 1200 149 14.1 2740 5.55 33.5

Lead Zirconate Titanate

PZT-2 .441 450 152 38.1 2090 7.6 31.3

PZT-4 .460 1300 289 26.1 2000 7.5 34.5

PZT-5A .435 1700 380 24.8 1890 7.75 33.7

PZT-5H .456 3400 593 19.7 2000 7.5 34.2

K180 .400 425 180 41 2006 7.7 31

K270 .406 1300 270 26 2032 7.5 31

K278 .406 1100 240 26 2032 7.5 31

K350 .396 1700 290 25 1981 7.7 30.5

K500 .396 2700 500 20 1981 7.6 30.5

K550 .408 3000 550 20 2032 7.8 31

Lead Titanate

K NTA .417 170 62 40 2082 7.5 33

K N3B .427 215 70 37 2134 7.65 33

Lead Metanlobate

K-81 .305 300 85 32 1524 6.2 19

K-83 .548 175 65 42 2743 4.5 24.5

K-85 .335 80 180 27 1676 5.7 18.5

PVDF .220 12 33 339 1100 1.78 2.5

Lithium Niobate

(Z-cut) .773 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.64 34.0

(Y-cut) .688 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.64 31.9


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Sodium BismuthTitanate

140 18 15 2082 N/A N/A

K15 .417 N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.2 29

Lithium Sulfate (Y-cut)

.546 10.3 15 165 2730 2.06 11.2

Quartz .566 4.5 2.3 N/A 2830 6.82 15.2

Tourmaline .754 7.5N/A N/A

3770 3.1 23.4

Transducer Characteristics

The sound field of an ultrasonic transducer operating at a single frequency is divided into a near field and a far field zone. Thtransition between these zones occurs at a distance Yo+ (or N) and is sometimes referred to as the "natural focus" of a flat ( unfocused ) transducer. The near/far distance Yo+ is significant because amplitude variations that characterize the near field(and can make flaw evaluation difficult) change to a smoothly declining amplitude as the distance from the transducer increa

The tables presented here for unfocused and focused ultrasonic transducers represents a range of typical transducers. Animportant column in the unfocused tables, Normal Range of Focusing, shows the normal range of focusing for immersiontransducers in water for both spherical and cylindrical lenses. The Down Field Focal Zone column shows the start and end o

the Yo+ maxima on the transducer axis as the distance from the transducer increases.

Spherical or cylindrical focusing changes the structure of the transducer field by "pulling" the Yo+ point nearer the transducerthe focal point of the transducer. Again, the Down Field Focal Zone column shows the beginning and end of the focal zone,where the amplitude falls 6 dB below the maxima at the focal point.

It is important to note that the driving excitation normally used in NDT applications are either spike or rectangular pulsars, nosingle frequency. They can significantly alter the results shown in both tables. Nonetheless, the supporting analysis is widelyused because it represents a reasonable approximation and a good starting point.

Unfocused-

Frequency(MHz)

Diamet

er (in.)Focal

Length

(in)

6 dBSpot Size

(in)

START

(in)

END (in) FocalGain

SPHER.(dB)

CYL.

(in)

1.00 1.00 2.50 .146 1.9 4.10 11.80 9.3

2.25 .500 1.50 .078 1.10 2.50 10.00 7.5

2.25 .750 2.00 .069 1.50 2.80 24.00 21.5

2.25 .750 3.00 .104 2.20 4.90 13.30 1.8

2.25 1.000 3.00 .078 2.30 3.90 27.90 25.4


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2.25 1.000 5.00 .130 3.80 7.90 15.00 12.5

5.00 .250 .75 .035 .60 1.20 12.90 10.4

5.00 .375 1.00 .031 .80 1.30 26.50 24.0

5.00 .375 2.00 .062 1.50 3.50 8.30 5.8

5.00 .500 1.50 .035 1.20 1.90 30.20 27.7

5.00 .500 3.00 .070 2.20 4.90 12.90 1.4

5.00 .750 2.00 .031 1.60 2.20 39.20 36.7

5.00 .750 4.00 .062 3.10 5.40 40 24.0

5.00 .750 6.00 .094 4.60 9.40 16.20 13.7

5.00 1.000 3.00 .035 2.50 3.30 41.40 38.9

5.00 1.000 4.00 .047 3.20 4.60 37.50 35.0

5.00 1.000 6.00 .070 4.70 7.60 3.20 27.7

10.00 .125 .38 .018 .30 .60 12.90 10.4

10.00 .250 .75 .018 .60 1.00 30.20 27.7

10.00 .250 1.50 .035 1.10 2.40 12.90 10.4

10.00 .375 1.00 .016 .80 1.10 39.20 36.7

10.00 .375 2.00 .031 1.50 2.70 26.50 24.0

10.00 .375 3.00 .047 2.30 4.70 16.20 13.7

10.00 .500 1.50 .018 1.20 1.60 41.40 38.9

10.00 .500 3.00 .035 2.30 3.80 30.20 27.7

10.00 .500 5.00 .059 3.80 7.60 17.90 15.4

10.00 .750 3.00 .023 2.50 3.20 42.80 40.3

10.00 .750 4.00 .031 3.20 4.50 39.20 36.7

10.00 .750 6.00 .047 4.70 7.40 32.50 30.0

15.00 .125 .50 .016 .40 .80 16.20 13.7


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15.00 .250 .75 .012 .60 .90 37.50 35.0

15.00 .250 1.50 .023 1.20 2.10 23.70 21.2

15.00 .375 1.50 .016 1.20 1.70 39.20 36.7

15.00 .375 2.50 .026 2.00 3.20 30.40 27.9

15.00 .375 4.00 .042 3.10 6.00 19.30 16.8

20.00 .125 .50 .012 .40 .70 23.70 21.2

20.00 .125 .75 .018 .60 1.20 12.90 10.4

20.00 .250 .75 .009 .60 .80 41.40 38.9

20.00 .250 1.50 .018 1.20 1.90 3.20 27.7

20.00 .250 3.00 .035 2.20 4.90 12.90 10.4

Focused Transducers

Frequency

(MHz)

Dia.

(in)

Diameter/wavelength

Beam

Spread

(Degrees)

6 dBSpot

Size atYo+

(in)

NearField

Yo+

(in)

Normal Range ofFocusing

Down Field Focal Zone(6dB)

MIN

(in)

MAX

(in)

START

(in)

END

(in)

.50 .750 6.410 8.947 .188 1.202 Yo+

Yo+

.719 2.322

.50 1.000 8.547 6.707 .250 2.137 Yo+ Yo+ 1.279 4.128

1.00 .750 12.821 4.470 .188 2.404 1.619 1.923 1.438 4.644

1.00 1.000 17.094 3.352 .250 4.274 2.158 3.419 2.557 8.255

2.25 .250 9.615 5.961 .063 .601 Yo+ Yo+ .360 1.161

2.25 .375 14.423 3.973 .094 1.352 .809 1.082 .809 2.612

2.25 .500 19.231 2.980 .125 2.404 1.079 1.9923 1.438 4.644

2.25 .750 28.846 1.986 .188 5.409 1.619 4.327 3.237 10.448

2.25 1.000 38.462 1.490 .250 9.615 2.158 7.692 5.754 18.574


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5.00 .250 21.368 2.682 .063 1.335 .540 1.068 .799 2.580

5.00 .375 32.051 1.788 .094 3.005 .809 2.404 1.798 5.804

5.00 .500 42.735 1.341 .125 5.342 1.079 4.274 3.197 10.319

5.00 .750 64.103 .894 .188 12.019 1.619 9.615 7.192 23.218

5.00 1.000 85.470 .670 .250 21.368 2.158 17.094 12.786 41.276

10.00 .125 21.368 2.682 .031 .668 .270 .534 .400 1.290

10.00 .250 42.735 1.341 .063 2.671 .540 2.137 1.598 5.160

10.00 .375 64.103 .894 .094 6.010 .809 4.808 3596 11.609

10.00 .500 85.470 .670 .125 10.684 1.079 8.547 6.393 20.638

10.00 .750 128.205 .447 .188 24.038 1.619 19.231 14.385 46.436

10.00 1.000 170.940 .335 .250 42.735 2.158 34.188 25.573 82.553

15.00 .125 32.051 1.788 .031 1.002 .270 .801 .599 1.935

15.00 .250 64.103 .894 .063 4.006 .540 3.205 2.397 7.739

15.00 .375 96.154 .596 .094 9.014 .809 7.212 5.394 17.413

20.00 .125 42.735 1.341 .031 1.335 .270 1.068 .799 2.580

20.00 .250 85.470 .670 .063 5.342 .540 4.274 3.197 10.319

-

Metals

LongitudinalVelocity

ShearVelocity

SurfaceVelocity

Densityg/cm3

AcousticImpedanceg/cm2-secx10

5

cm/s

in/ s cm/s

in/s

cm/s

in/s

Aluminum .632 .2488 .313 .1232 N/A N/A 2.70 17.10

AL 1100-0(2SO)

.635 .25 .310 .122 .290 .114 2.71 17.20

AL 2014(14S)

.632 .2488 .307 .1209 N/A N/A 2.80 17.80

AL 2024 T4(24ST)

.637 .2508 .316 .1244 .295 .116 2.77 17.60


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AL 2117 T4(17ST)

.650 .2559 .312 .1228 N/A N/A 2.80 18.20

BearingBabbit

.230 .0906 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.10 23.20

Beryllium 1.29 .5079 .888 .3496 .787 .310 1.82 23.50

Bismuth .218 .0858 .110 .0433 N/A N/A 9.80 21.40

Brass .428 .1685 .230 .0906 N/A N/A 8.56 36.70

Brass,Half Hard

.383 .1508 .205 .0807 N/A N/A 8.10 31.02

Brass, Naval .443 .1744 .212 .0835 .195 .0770 8.42 37.3

Bronze,Phospho

.353 .139 .223 .0878 .201 .0790 8.86 31.28

Cadmium .278 .1094 .150 .0591 N/A N/A 8.64 24.02

Cesium

(28.5C)

.0967 .0381 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.88 1.82

Columbium .492 .1937 .210 .0827 N/A N/A 8.57 42.16

Constantan .524 .2063 .104 .0409 N/A N/A 8.88 46.53

Copper .466 .1835 .0890 .035 .193 .0760 8.93 41.61

Gallium .274 .1079 N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.95 16.3

Germanium .541 .213 N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.47 29.59

Gold .324 .1276 .120 .0472 N/A N/A 19.32 62.6

Hafnium .384 .1512 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Inconel .572 .2252 N/A N/A .279 .110 8.25 47.19

Indium(156C)

.222 .0874 N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.30 16.21

Iron .590 .2323 .323 .1272 .279 .110 7.70 45.43

Iron, Cast .480 .189 .240 .0945 N/A N/A 7.80 37.44


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Lead .216 .085 .070 .0276 .0630 .0248 11.4 24.62

Lead, 5%Antinomy

.217 .0854 .081 .0319 .0740 .0291 1.9 23.65

Magnesium .631 .2484 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.74 10.98

Magnesium(AM-35)

.579 .228 .310 .122 .287 .113 1.74 10.07

Magnesium(FS-1)

.547 .2154 .303 .1193 N/A N/A 1.69 9.24

Magnesium(J-1)

.567 .2232 .301 .1185 N/A N/A 1.70 9.64

Magnesium(M)

.576 .2268 .309 .1217 N/A N/A 1.75 10.08

Magnesium(O-1)

.580 .2283 .304 .1197 N/A N/A 1.82 10.56

Magnesium(ZK-60A-TS)

.571 .2248 .305 .1201 N/A N/A 1.83 10.45

Manganese .466 .1835 .235 .0925 N/A N/A 7.39 34.44

Molybdenum .629 .2476 .335 .1319 .311 .122 10.2 64.16

Monel .602 .237 .272 .1071 .196 .0772 8.83 53.16

Nickel .563 .2217 .296 .1165 .264 .104 8.88 49.99

Platinum .396 .1559 .167 N/A N/A N/A 21.4 84.74

Plutonium .179 .0705 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 28.2

Plutonium(1% Gallium)

.182 .0717 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 28.6

Potassium

(100C)

.182 .0717 N/A N/A N/A N/A .83 1.51

Radium .0822 .0324 .111 .0437 .103 .0404 5.0 4.11

Rubidium .126 .0496 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.53 1.93

Silver .360 .1417 .159 .0626 N/A N/A 1.5 37.8


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Silver, Nickel .462 .1819 .232 .0913 .169 .0665 8.75 40.43

Silver,German

.476 .1874 N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.70 41.41

Steel, 302Cres

.566 .2228 .312 .1228 .312 .123 8.03 45.45

Steel, 347

Cres

.574 .226 .309 .1217 N/A N/A 7.91 45.4

Steel, 410Cres

.739 .2909 .299 .1177 .216 .0850 7.67 56.68

Steel, 1020 .589 .2319 .324 .1276 N/A N/A 7.71 45.41

Steel, 1095 .590 .2323 .319 .1256 N/A N/A 7.80 46.02

Steel, 4150,Rc14

.586 .2307 .279 .1098 N/A N/A 7.84 45.94

Steel, 4150,Rc18

.589 .2319 .318 .1252 N/A N/A 7.82 46.06

Steel, 4150,Rc43

.587 .2311 .320 .126 N/A N/A 7.81 45.84

Steel, 4150,Rc64

.582 .2291 .277 .1091 N/A N/A 7.80 45.4

Steel, 4340 .585 .2303 .128 .0504 N/A N/A 7.80 45.63

Tantalum .410 .1614 .114 .0449 N/A N/A 16.6 68.06

Thallium

(302C)

.162 .0638 N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.9 19.28

Thorium .240 .0945 .156 .0614 N/A N/A 11.3 27.12

Tin .332 .1307 .167 .0657 N/A N/A 7.29 24.2

Titanium .607 .239 .331 .1303 N/A N/A 4.50 27.32

TitaniumCarbide

.827 .3256 .516 .2031 N/A N/A 5.15 42.59

Tungsten .518 .2039 .287 .113 .265 .104 19.25 99.72

Uranium .338 .1331 .196 .0772 N/A N/A 18.9 63.88


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UraniumDioxide

.518 .2039 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.03 31.24

Vanadium .600 .2362 .278 .1094 N/A N/A 6.03 36.18

Zinc .417 .1642 .0949 .0374 N/A N/A 7.10 29.61

Zircaloy .472 .1858 .093 .0366 N/A N/A 9.03 42.6

Zirconium .465 .1831 .0886 .0349 N/A N/A 6.48 30.1

Liquids

Velocity, Longitudinal

Density

(g/cm3)

AcousticImpedance

(g/cm2-sec (x105)

cm/s

in/s

Acetate, Butyl (n) .127 .05 .871 1.02

Acetate, Ethyl .118 .0465 .900 1.6

Acetate, Methyl .115 .0453 .928 1.07

Acetate, Propyl .118 .0465 .891 1.05

Acetone .117 .0461 .790 .929

Acetonitrile .129 .0508 .783 1.01

Acetonyl Acetone .140 .0551 .729 1.359

Acetylendicloride .102 .0402 1.26 1.280

Alcohol, Butyl .124 .0488 .810 1.003

Alcohol, Ethyl .118 .0465 .789 .93

Alcohol, Furfuryl .145 .0571 1.135 1.645

Alcohol, Methyl .112 .0441 .792 .889

Alcohol, Propyl (i) .117 .0461 .786 .919

Alcohol, Propyl (n) .122 .048 .804 .983

Alcohol, t-Amyl .120 .0472 .810 .976


10/13

Alkazene 13 .132 .052 .860 1.132

Analine .169 .0665 1.022 1.675

Benzene .130 .0512 .870 1.129

Benzol .133 .0524 .878 1.16

Benzol, Ethyl .134 .0528 .868 1.16

Bromoform .092 .0362 2.890 2.670

Butylene Glycol (2.3) .148 .0583 1.019 1.511

Butyrate, Ethyl .117 .0461 .877 1.03

Carbitol .146 .0575 .988 1.431

Carbon Bisulfide .116 .0457 N/A N/A

Carbon Disulfide .115 .0453 1.26 1.449

Carbon Tetracloride .093 .0366 1.595 1.478

Castor Oil .148 .0583 .969 1.430

Chlorobenzene .130 .0512 1.10 1.432

Chloroform .0987 .0389 1.49 1.471

Cylclohexanol .145 .0571 .962 1.40

Cyclohexanone .142 .0559 .948 1.391

Diacetyl .124 .0488 .990 1.222

Dichloroisobutane (1,3) .122 .048 1.14 1.390

Diesel Oil .125 .0492 N/A N/A

Diethylene Glycol .158 .0622 1.116 1.770

Diethyl Ketone .131 .0516 .813 1.07

Dimethyl Phthalate .146 .0575 1.20 1.758

d-Fenchone .132 .052 .940 1.241

Dioxane .138 .0543 .1033 1.425


11/13

Dipheynyl in diphenyl oxide26.5%

.150 .0591 N/A N/A

Ethanol Amide .172 .0677 1.018 1.755

Ethyl Acetate .199 .0783 .90 1.069

Ethyl Ether .0986 .0388 .713 .702

Ethylene Glycol .166 .0654 1.113 1.847

Fluorosilicone Oil Dow FS-1265

.076 .0299 N/A N/A

Formamide .162 .0638 1.134 1.842

Furfural .145 .0571 1.157 1.670

Gasoline .125 .0492 .803 1.00

Glycerin .192 .0756 1.26 2.42

Gravity Fuel Oil AA .149 .0587 .99 1.472

Isopentane .0992 .0391 .62 .615

Kerosene .132 .052 .81 1.072

Linalool .140 .0551 .884 1.23

Linseed Oil .177 .0697 .922 1.63

Mercury 20C .142 .0559 13.87 19.7

Mesityloxide .131 .0516 .85 1.115

Methylenthylketone .121 .0476 .805 .972

Methyl Iodide .098 .0386N/A N/A

Methyl Napthalene .151 .0594 1.090 1.645

Mathyl Acetate .121 .0476 .934 1.131

Monochlorobenzene .127 .05 1.107 1.411

Morpholine .144 .0567 1.000 1.442


12/13

Motor Oil (SAE 20) .174 .0685 .870 1.51

M-xylol .132 .052 .864 1.145

n-Hexanol .130 .0512 .819 1.065

Nitrobenzene .146 .0575 1.2 1.758

Nitromethane .133 .0524 1.13 1.504

Olive Oil .143 .0563 .948 1.391

Paraffin Oil .142 .0559 .835 1.86

Paraffin (15C) .130 .0512 N/A N/A

Peanut Oil .146 .0575 .936 1.365

Pentane .101 .0398 .621 .626

Petroleum .129 .0508 .825 1.07

Polypropylene oxide (38C)Ambiflo

.137 .0539 N/A N/A

Polypropylene glycol (38 C)(Polyglycol P-400)

.130 .0512 N/A N/A


.130 .0512 N/A N/A


.157 .0618 N/A N/A

Pyridine .141 .0555 .982 1.39

Salt Solution (10%) .147 .0579 N/A N/A



Silicone (30 centipoise) .099 .039 .993 .985

Silicone Oil (25C) Dow 710 Fluid .135 .0531 N/A N/A

Solvessa #3 .137 .0539 .877 .201

Sperm Oil .144 .0567 .88 1.268


13/13

Tallow (16C) .039 .0154 N/A N/A

tert Butyl Chloride .098 .0386 .84 .827

Tetraethylene Glycol .158 .0622 1.12 1.784

Transformer Oil .139 .0547 .92 1.28

Trichlorethylene .105 .0413 1.05 .413

Triethylene Glycol .161 .0634 1.123 1.975

Turpentine .128 .0504 .893 1.14

Univis 800 .135 .0531 .870 1.191

Water (20C) .148 .0583 1.00 1.483

Water D2O .140 .0551 1.104 1.54

Water (Sea) .153 .0602 1.025 1.572

Xylene Hexaflouride .088 .0346 1.37 1.205

UT Material Properties

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