Unit 4Job Analysis and Design

工作分析与工作设计

Contents:

Job （工作）

Job analysis （工作分析） &Job design （工作设计）

Job descriptions （职位描述） &Job specifications （工作规范）

What is a job?

What is a job?

A job is a grouping of common tasks( 任务 ), duties （职责） , and responsibilities （责任） .

A task （任务） is a distinct( 明显的，清楚的 ), identifiable （可识别的 ) work activity composed of motions （动作） .

A duty （责任） is a larger work segment （部分） composed of several tasks that are performed （执行 ） by an individual.

Example

If one of the employment supervisor( 就业主管 )’s duties is to“interview applicants”,one task associated with that duty would be “ask questions”.

Responsibilities( 责任） are obligations （义务） to perform certain tasks and duties.

Job & Position( 职位 )

A postion is a job performed by one person.

If there are two persons operation postage meters in a mailroom,,there are two positions (one for each person)but just one job(postage meter operator).

Job Family ( 工作家族 )

A job family is a grouping of jobs having similar characteristics.

Job design

Job design refers to take advantage of important job characteristics are more likely to be received positively by employees.

Job Analysis

Job Analysis is the process of describing and recording aspects of jobs and specifying the skills and other requirements necessary to perform the job.

The general purpose of job analysis is to document the requirements of a job and the work performed. Job and task analysis is performed as a basis for later improvements, including: definition of a job domain; describing a job; developing performance appraisals, selection systems, promotion criteria, training needs assessment, and compensation plans.

In the fields of Human Resources (HR), job analysis is often used to gather information for use in personnel selection, training, classification, and/or compensation.

Job analysis aims to answer questions such as:

1. Why does the job exist? 2. What physical and mental activities does the worker undertake? 3. When is the job to be performed? 4. Where is the job to be performed? 5. How does the worker do the job? 6. What qualifications are needed to perform the job? 7. What are the working conditions (such as levels of temperature, noise, offensive fumes, light) 8. What machinery or equipment is used in the job? 9. What constitutes successful performance?

Job description

A job description indicates the tasks,duties,and responsibilities of a job.

It identifies( 明确 ) what is done,why is done,where is done,and ,briefly,how it is done.

3W-1H

Job specification

Job specifications list the knowledge, skills,and abilities (KSAs)an individual needs to perform the job satisfactorily.

Case: the sales manager's job description of a enterprise

Post title: sales manager Age: 25 to 45 Gender: male/female Education: undergraduate or above Working experience: Work in sales more

than four years

Psychological requirements General intelligence: A skills: A Computation ability: A decision-making ability: A Observing ability: B personality: outgoing Focus ability: B temperament: much blood

quality and bile quality (bile - much blood - mucus - depression) Memory capacity: A hobby: Widely decorous Understanding ability: A attitude: positive and optimistic Learning ability: A service; strong Problem solving skills: A cooperative: excellent Creativity: A leadership: excellence

Physiological requirements

No serious diseases, without contagion, qualified for office work, weightlifting 5 kg, sometimes need to move and stand, at ordinary times speaking, listening, look,

write primarily.

Job design （工作设计） Job design refers to organizing tasks, duties, a

nd responsibilities into a productive( 富有成效的 ) unit of work.

Thank you !