Unit 4 Flight Instruments

课 题 : Introduction of Six flight Instruments

单 位 : 基础学院公共英语教研室

主讲人 : 简剑芬

授课班级：飞机 1303 、 1304 、 1305

Question: Do you know about the types of air-breathing engines?

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six flight Instruments

Review☆

turbojet turboprop

turbofan ramjets

Teaching Objectives

1. Master the specialized vocabulary in Text A

2. Be able to know the six flight instruments

3.Be able to know the function for each basic flight instrument

4. Be able to finish the exercises by oneself

Unit 4 : Text A Introduction of Six flight Instruments

1

Specialized vocabulary about the six flight instruments

Main Points of Teaching

专项保障建设经费

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six flight Instruments

Understanding the function for each basic flight

instrument

Difficult Points of Teaching

2

Being able to name the six flight instruments

Being able to name the six flight instruments

Teaching ProceduresTeaching ProceduresSection I Passage StudySection I Passage Study

Text A Introduction of SixText A Introduction of SixFlight Instruments Flight Instruments

Teaching ProceduresTeaching ProceduresSection I Passage StudySection I Passage Study

Text A Introduction of SixText A Introduction of SixFlight Instruments Flight Instruments

II. Vocabulary III. Text Analysis

II. Vocabulary III. Text Analysis

IV. Exercises V. Extension

IV. Exercises V. Extension

I. Warm-up

Discussion

I. Warm-up

Discussion

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

Warm-up DiscussionI

1. What do you know about flight instruments?

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

I

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

Warm-up Discussion

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

1.Have Ss read the words for themselves and try to remember.

1.Have Ss read the words for themselves and try to remember.

2.Read after the teacher.2.Read after the teacher.

3.Explanations and instructions of some words

3.Explanations and instructions of some words

4.Have Ss try to finish Ex 2 on P52.4.Have Ss try to finish Ex 2 on P52.

Vocabulary II

Vocabulary— WordsII

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

altitude n. ( 尤指海拔 ) 高度，高处visual adj. 看的，视觉的，形象的loosely adv. 宽松地，松散地synonym n. 同义字navigational adj. 航海的，导航的altimeter n. 高度计，高度表density n. 密度humidity n. 湿气，潮湿，湿度static adj. 静态的，静力的

barometric adj. 大气压力ascend v. 攀登，上升descend v. 下来，下降variometer n. 气压测量器，变压表gyro n. [ 海 ][ 空 ] 陀螺仪magnetic adj. 磁的，有磁性的，有吸引力的inclinometer n. 倾角计，倾角罗盘，倾斜计，倾斜仪

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

Vocabulary — Phrases

flight instrument 飞行仪表air speed indicator 空速表attitude indicator 姿态显示仪vertical speed indicator 垂直速度表heading indicator 航向指示器turn coordinator 转弯倾斜仪relative to 相对于ram-air pressure 冲压空气压力pitot tube 皮托管 ( 面对气流以量取动压 / 冲压的管子 )

true airspeed 真空速 ( 飞机相对于流动中的大气的实际速度 )

aircraft nose 机头aneroid capsule 真空膜盒 ( 一种具有波状表面的容器， 用于量测气压 )

rate of climb indicator 升降速度表straight flight 直线飞行level flight 水平飞行turn and slip 转弯倾斜指示器rate of turn 转弯的速率coordinated turn 协调转弯uncoordinated turn 非协调转弯

II

Text Analysis III

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

1. Have Ss read the text. They can use their electronic dictionaries to look up the new words if possible.

1. Have Ss read the text. They can use their electronic dictionaries to look up the new words if possible.

2. Analyze the text one paragraph by one paragraph.

Text Analysis III

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

(Para. 1 )

Flight instruments are the instruments in the cockpit of an aircraft that

provide the pilot with information about the flight situation of that aircraft, such

as altitude, speed and direction. The flight instruments are of particular use in

conditions of poor visibility, such as in clouds, when such information is not

available from visual reference outside the aircraft. The term is sometimes used

loosely as a synonym for cockpit instruments as a whole, in which context it can

include engine instrument, navigational and communication equipment.

(Para. 1 )

Flight instruments are the instruments in the cockpit of an aircraft that

provide the pilot with information about the flight situation of that aircraft, such

as altitude, speed and direction. The flight instruments are of particular use in

conditions of poor visibility, such as in clouds, when such information is not

available from visual reference outside the aircraft. The term is sometimes used

loosely as a synonym for cockpit instruments as a whole, in which context it can

include engine instrument, navigational and communication equipment.

(Para. 2)

Most aircrafts have six flight instruments ： air speed indicator,

attitude indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, heading

indicator, turn coordinator. In instrument panel, they are arranged

in the basic-T: the attitude indicator is in the top center, airspeed to

the left, altitude to the right and heading indicator under the attitude

indicator. The other two, turn-coordinator and vertical-speed, are

usually found under the airspeed and altitude.

(Para. 2)

Most aircrafts have six flight instruments ： air speed indicator,

attitude indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, heading

indicator, turn coordinator. In instrument panel, they are arranged

in the basic-T: the attitude indicator is in the top center, airspeed to

the left, altitude to the right and heading indicator under the attitude

indicator. The other two, turn-coordinator and vertical-speed, are

usually found under the airspeed and altitude.

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

Text AnalysisIII

Text Analysis III

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

(Para. 3)

1. Airspeed indicator

The airspeed indicator shows the aircraft’s speed relative to th

e surrounding air. It works by measuring the ram-air pressure in th

e aircraft’s pitot tube. The indicated airspeed must be corrected for

air density (which varies with altitude, temperature and humidity)

in order to obtain the true airspeed, and for wind conditions in ord

er to obtain the speed over the ground.

Text Analysis III

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

(Para. 4)

2. Attitude indicator

The attitude indicator (also known as an artificial horizon)

shows the aircraft’ s attitude relative to the horizon. From

this the pilot can tell whether the wings are level and if the

aircraft nose is pointing above or below the horizon. This is

a primary instrument for instrument flight and is also useful

in conditions of poor visibility.

(Para. 4)

2. Attitude indicator

The attitude indicator (also known as an artificial horizon)

shows the aircraft’ s attitude relative to the horizon. From

this the pilot can tell whether the wings are level and if the

aircraft nose is pointing above or below the horizon. This is

a primary instrument for instrument flight and is also useful

in conditions of poor visibility.

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

(Para. 5)

3. Altimeter

The altimeter shows the aircraft’s altitude above sea-level by measuring

the difference between the pressure in a stack of aneroid capsules inside

the altimeter and the atmospheric pressure obtained through the static

system. It is adjustable for local barometric pressure which must be set

correctly to obtain accurate altitude readings. As the aircraft ascends,

the capsules expand as the static pressure drops therefore causing the

altimeter to indicate a higher altitude. The opposite occurs when descending.

(Para. 5)

3. Altimeter

The altimeter shows the aircraft’s altitude above sea-level by measuring

the difference between the pressure in a stack of aneroid capsules inside

the altimeter and the atmospheric pressure obtained through the static

system. It is adjustable for local barometric pressure which must be set

correctly to obtain accurate altitude readings. As the aircraft ascends,

the capsules expand as the static pressure drops therefore causing the

altimeter to indicate a higher altitude. The opposite occurs when descending.

III Text Analysis

Text Analysis III

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

(Para. 6)

4. Vertical speed indicator

The VSI (also sometimes called a variometer, or rate of

climb indicator) senses changing air pressure, and displays

that information to the pilot as a rate of climb (or descent)

in feet per minute. This instrument is very sensitive and

allows you to control a change in altitude. Keep in mind

that all aircrafts tend to vary their altitude, even when trimmed

for straight and level flight.

(Para. 6)

4. Vertical speed indicator

The VSI (also sometimes called a variometer, or rate of

climb indicator) senses changing air pressure, and displays

that information to the pilot as a rate of climb (or descent)

in feet per minute. This instrument is very sensitive and

allows you to control a change in altitude. Keep in mind

that all aircrafts tend to vary their altitude, even when trimmed

for straight and level flight.

Text Analysis III

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

(Para. 7)

5. Heading indicator

This instrument is a directional gyro and displays the aircraft’s

heading with respect to magnetic north. In many advanced

aircraft (including almost all jet aircrafts), the heading indicator

is replaced by a Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) which

provides the same heading information, but also assists with

navigation.

(Para. 7)

5. Heading indicator

This instrument is a directional gyro and displays the aircraft’s

heading with respect to magnetic north. In many advanced

aircraft (including almost all jet aircrafts), the heading indicator

is replaced by a Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) which

provides the same heading information, but also assists with

navigation.

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

III Text Analysis

(Para. 9)

6. Turn coordinator

The turn indicator (also known as turn and slip) displays

direction of turn and rate of turn. Internally mounted inclinometer

displays quality of turn, i.e. whether the turn is correctly coordinated,

as opposed to an uncoordinated turn. The original turn and bank

indicator was replaced in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the newer

turn coordinator, which is responsitive to roll as well as rate of turn.

(Para. 9)

6. Turn coordinator

The turn indicator (also known as turn and slip) displays

direction of turn and rate of turn. Internally mounted inclinometer

displays quality of turn, i.e. whether the turn is correctly coordinated,

as opposed to an uncoordinated turn. The original turn and bank

indicator was replaced in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the newer

turn coordinator, which is responsitive to roll as well as rate of turn.

ExercisesIV

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

1. Answer the following questions:Answer the following questions:

(1) What do flight instruments refer to? What are the uses of them?

(2) What are the flight instruments that most aircrafts have?

(3) What can the pilot know from the airspeed indicator?

(4) What’s the use of the attitude indicator?

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

Text AnalysisIV Exercises

2. Please fill in the blanks with the words given: Please fill in the blanks with the words given:

cockpit; in conditions of; visibility; available; relative to;

adjustable; ascend ； with respect to ； assist with ； responsive

(1) Use sound judgment even _____ uncertainty.

(2) He asked me some questions _____ the subject.

(3) The pilot climbed into the_____.

(4) We watched the airplane _____ higher and higher

（ in conditions of ）

（ relative to ）

（ cockpit ）

（ ascend ）

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

IV Exercises

2. Please fill in the blanks with the words given: Please fill in the blanks with the words given:

(5) The company is highly _____ to changes in demand.

(6) The pilot homed in by means of radar, despite the poor_____.

(7) My bicycle is not _____, and it is being repaired.

(8) An_____ spanner should do the job.

(9) We must have a talk _____ that point.

(10) He will _____ the tuition fees.

（ responsive ）

（ visibility ）

（ available ）

（ adjustable ）

（ with respect to ）

（ assist with ）

IV

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

Exercises

3. ..Please match column A with the corresponding expressions in column B.

A: B:

(1) flight instruments (1) 姿态显示仪

(2) navigational and communication equipment (2) 水平位置指示器

(3) vertical speed indicator (3) 冲压空气压力

(4) attitude indicator (4) 飞行仪表

(5) Horizontal Situation Indicator (5) 垂直速率表

(6) ram-air pressure (6) 导航及通讯设备

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

4. ..Translate the following sentence into Chinese:

IV Exercises

(1) Flight instruments are the instruments in the cockpit of an aircraft that provi

de the pilot with information about the flight situation of that aircraft, such as alti

tude, speed and direction.

(2) The term is sometimes used loosely as a synonym for cockpit instruments as

a whole, in which context it can include engine instrument, navigational and com

munication equipment.

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

..Translate the following sentence into Chinese:

ExercisesIV

(3) It works by measuring the ram-air pressure in the aircraft's pitot tube.

(4) It is adjustable for local barometric pressure which must be set correctly to o

btain accurate altitude readings.

(5) Keep in mind that all aircrafts tend to vary their altitude, even when trimmed

for straight and level flight.

4.

5. ..Write the names of the following flight instruments.

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

IV Exercises

(1) _____________ (2) ____________ (3) ___________

(4) ____________ (5) ___________ (6) ___________

Extension — Instrument flightV

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

Unit 4: Text A Introduction of Six Flight Instruments

v Extension — Instrument flight

祝 : 各位学习进步 , 每天开心 ! 谢谢 !