Unit 3 Under the sea

1. I thought , at the time, that this was just a story but

then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.

1)at the time “ 那时候”，位置应在 story 之后，作时 间状语， 提前是为了强调， that this was just a story

作 thought 的宾语。 2) 此处 witness 用作动词，意思是“亲眼看到”，如 :

你亲眼看到那场事故了吗？ Did you ________ the accident?

a) witness 还可表示“作证”、“证明”，常用“ witness to sth/doing sth” 例如：

witness

他作证说他看到那个人进入大楼的 .

He ___________ to having seen the man enter the building.

b ） witness 还可以用作名词，表示“目击者”、“证人”，如：

她被传唤作被告证人。She was called as a _______ _______ .

defense witness

witnessed

2. I was sorting out my accommodation.

sort out 表示“分类”，“整理”，I’m just sorting out the papers that can be thrown away. 我正在整理可以扔掉的文件。

to sort out one’s accommodation 是习语，意思是 to find suitable accommodation.

sort out 还表示“解决（问题或困难）”，例如：We’ve got a few little problems to sort out. 我们有几个小问题要解决。

1) rooms, esp, for living in

房间，住所2) lodgings, rooms and food

膳宿（在英英中为不可数，在美英中为可数，常用复数）

accommodate v.

accommodating adj.

accommodator n.

accommodation

适应，调节亲切的，易打交道的

调节者

3. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. 我们及时感到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。opposite 是介词 , 在。。。对面。如：He sat opposite to Marion during the discussion. 讨论的时候，他坐在玛丽安对面。opposite

也可以作形容词，表示“相对的；相反的”。on the opposite side of the street 在街的对面

throw itself out of the water 想象地表现了鲸跃出水面的动作。 throw 的用法比较灵活，能表达出丰富的含义。如：He throws his weight about. 他乱用权利。I felt discouraged when he threw cold water on my idea. 他给我的想法泼冷水时，我感到很沮丧。She threw herself into a chair and began to cry. 她倒在椅子上，哭了起来。

4. yell vi. 大叫；呼喊Don’t yell at me! 别对我大喊大叫！She let out a yell and ran home.

她尖叫了一声跑回了家。yell n. 叫声；喊声Frank let out a yell and jumped away.

弗兰克大叫一声跳开了。

5. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。

be about to do 即将；将要。如：When we were about to close down the business, the bank came to our rescue. 我们就要停业时，银行为我们救了急。Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin. 又一段充满危险和挑战的旅程就要开始了。

6. “Come on, Clancy. To the boat”,

George said as he ran ahead of me.

1) 表示劝说，不耐烦，催促 Come on, we’ll be late for concert.

2) 开始 The rain has just come on.

come on

come about 发生come across 偶然遇见come forth 出来，涌现come out 出版，（花）开come through （电话）接通come up 走近，上升come to 总计come up with 赶上，补充

与 come 相关的短语：

7. ahead of 1) 在……前面 2) 比……强 ( 好 )”

A man ______________________to see

if the road was clear .

他的语文比我强 .

He is__________________________.

※ ahead of time “ 提前” We finish the task________________.

went ahead of the others

ahead of me in Chinese

ahead of time

8. I looked down into the water and could see

Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the

way.

我低头朝水中看去，看到老汤姆正在船边游着，为我们引路。swimming by the boat 是现在分词短语作宾语补足语。

9. Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. 一颗不停地，我们和其他的捕鲸人都跳上船，朝海湾开去。

head 为动词，表示“朝。。。方向移动”，例如：We headed the boat out to sea.

我们将船驶向外海。head 还可以表示“带领”，例如：Who is heading the party ？该党现在由谁领导？

10. A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George

started beating the water with his oar and there was

Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt

again.

几分钟后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用浆拍打水面。汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领我们前往捕猎处。

circling back to the boat; leading us to the hunt again 是现在分词短语作状语。

11.… there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again. 。。。 汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕鲸处。

lead 表示“作导向”，例如：All roads lead to Rome. 殊途同归。Your explanation has led me to a clear understanding. 你的解释让我理解清楚了。lead sb to do 表示“使…干”，例如 :

What led you to believe it? 什么使你相信它？

12. Well, it’s teamwork-the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whale’s blow-hole to stop it breathing. 啊，它们在协同作战呢—那些虎鲸正往鲸的出气孔上扑去，不让它呼吸。

The success of this performance is largely the result of good teamwork. 这次演出的成功很大程度上是大家通力合作的结果。

teamwork 协作；配合。

to stop it breathing 是动词不定式短语作目的状语。如：They went there to help get in the autumn crops. 它们去那里是为了帮助秋收。Let’s do some exercise to warm up a bit. 咱们做些锻炼热热身。stop…(from) doing 句型的意思是“防止（制止）某人做某事”。如：I am leaving, so don’t try to stop me from going. 我要走了，别想阻拦我。We must stop her telling others about it. 我们要制止她把此事告诉别人。

13. flee – fled – fled 逃跑 ,逃避 ,逃离 1) vt. flee sw

They were forced to flee the country.

2) vi. flee from sw

The prisoner attempted to flee from

the prison , but he failed .

恐慌的人们从火里逃出 .

The alarmed people fled from the fire .

14. He let it go and the harpoon hit the

spot. Being badly wounded, the whale soon

died. 辨析： wound, injury, hurt, harm 与 damage wound 是战斗中刀枪的创伤、伤口 ;

injury 是平时的大小创伤和伤害hurt 是指精神上的伤害和肉体的伤痛。harm 指使有生命或者无生命的东西不再完整、美丽， 或者具有原来的价值。damage “车辆、船只、房屋”等的损坏。

Use the above words to fill the following blanks:

1. His brother was __________ in that battle .

2.He got serious _________ to the legs at work .

3. He got his finger __________ .

4. The _______ to his feelings is more serious than the

hurt in his body .

5. Smoking a lot of cigarettes can _______ and even

kill over a long period of time .

6. The bus was badly _________ when it hit the wall .

This storm did great ______________ to the crops .

injuries

injuredhurt

harm

damagedharm/damage

wounded

damage “车辆、船只、房屋”等的损坏。 The bus was badly damaged when it hit the wall .

This storm did great harm / damage to the crops .

15.…its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea….它的尸体被虎鲸迅速拖向大海深处。

1 ） drag 的意思是“拖”，例如：He dragged the table into the corner.

他把那张坐姿拖到角落。drag 短语联想：drag down 把人拖垮drag one’s feet 故意拖延drag in 拉进去drag on 拖延，拉长

2 ） depths 表示“底层”，“深处”，例如：the depth(s) of the ocean 海洋深处the depth(s) of the jungle 丛林深处the depth(s) of the country 穷乡僻壤the depth(s) of the winter 隆冬the depth(s) of one’s heart 心灵深处the depth(s) of despair 绝望的深渊

16. In the meantime, Old Tom, and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue.

在这段时间里，老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿，鲸唇和鲸舌就是他们的美食。In the meantime 表示“在这期间；与此同时”，如：会议一小时后开始，在此期间，我们喝杯咖啡吧。The meeting will begin in an hour; in the meantime, let’s have a coffee.

feed on 表示“吃”，“以…为食”，例如： Cows feed on hay during winter. 牛在冬天吃干草。feed…on/to 表示“以…饲养”，例如 ;

We feed our dog on meat.= We feed meat to our dog. 我们喂肉给狗吃。feed…with/into 表示“给…添加”，例如：He fed the fire with some logs.= He fed some logs into the fire. 他往火里添了些木材。

这是一个 it 作形式主语的句子，真正的主语是不

定式 to handle the boat 。在以不定式、动名

词从句作主语的句子里，通常以 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置以避免头重脚轻。这样的句式通常有：

17. … it was difficult to handle the

boat. …… 划船很困难。

to + v.It （形式主语） +v. + that （主语） + v. wh- 等词（主语） +

v.

forIt is + adj.+ sb. to do sth. of

　 seems （好像……）

It + appears （看上去……） + that （主

语） +v.

happens （碰巧……）

It is no use v. –ing

做……没有用It is said (reported) that …　　据说，据报道……

It is believed that … 人们相信……It is thought that … 人们认为……It has been proved that … 事实证明……It is well-known that … 众所周知……

18. From James’s face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.

从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。

此处 abandon 的意思是“放弃，抛弃”，相关短语有：

1 ）背弃祖国 /朋友abandon one’s country/friend2 ）抛弃家庭abandon one’s family 3 ）革除陋习 abandon a bad habit4) 放弃职位 /希望 / 计划 /主意Abandon one’s post/hope/plan/idea

19…I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. 我看到老汤姆正在水中隐隐拖着詹姆斯。

hold up 的意思是“举起”，例如：I help up my hand to show that I had a question. 我举手表示想提问。hold up 还表示“使延误”，例如：We were held up on our way to the airport in a traffic jam. 我们在前往机场的路上因为堵车而延误了。

20. It took over half an hour to get the boat back to

James.

用了半个多小时的时间才把船划回到詹姆斯身边。

这是一个 It takes (sb.) some time/sth. to do

sth. 的固定句式， take 意为“花费、需要”， take 前也可用具体名词作主语。It takes him three hours to do his homework everyday.

他每天要用三个小时的时间做作业。

21. reflect (vt. ＆ vi.) “ 反射 ,映射 , 思考”After _________for a time , he decided not to go there .

The mountains ________ in the

lake were very beautiful .

※ reflect on (upon) “仔细考虑 , 思考”我要思考一下下一步该怎么做 .

I will reflect on what to do next .

reflecting

reflected

22. be/ become (well) aware of / that…

对…知道，明白；意识到" 我希望在情况影响你前 , 你能察觉到。 "

I want you to be aware of the situation

before it affects you.

我很清楚他就是我要求助的人。I am well aware that he is the one I

should turn to.

23. upside down

“ 上下颠倒的 ( 地 ) ，乱七八糟的 ( 地 )”

The office is being decorated, so

_________________________.

你把那张图片给弄颠倒了 .

You have got _____________________

不要把那个盒子倒着拿 .

Don’t hold___________________.

★★★ inside out “(穿 ) 反了 , 倒悬 , 乱七八糟地”Look , Jack’s jacket________________.

everything is upside down

the picture upside done.

the box upside done

is inside out

24. scare n. v.sb be scared to death 某人吓死了”I felt ______________when I knew how dangerous I was. 当我听到那可怕的声音时 , 我都快吓死了__________ (hear) the terrible sound , I would be scared to death .

☆ 1) be scared to do sth /of doing sth “害怕干某事” 2) scare sb. to death “ 吓死某人了”You scare me to death. 你吓死我了。她不敢 (害怕 ) 坐飞机 .She ________________in a plane .

Hearing

scared to death

is scared to fly

25. .…but where the reef ended, there was

a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.

在本句中 where 引导的是状语从句。1.A cinema is a building where film is shown .

电影院是放电影的馆所。2.You shall put it up where we all can see it.

你该把它挂在我们大家都能见到的地方。

steep drop 陡直向下的坡。 steep 陡直的，陡峭的。

I never cycle to my grandpa’s – it’s too steep. 我从来不骑车去外公家 -- （路）太陡了。steep 还可以指过高的价格。如：I wouldn’t pay 5,000 yuan for that computer – the price is too steep. 我才不花 5,000元买那台电脑呢，这个价太高了。

I. Use the proper forms of the following words to fill in the blanks:

Finish the following exercises:

witness yell flee drag abandon reflect

1. Did anyone ________ the car accident yesterday?

2. The clouds _____________ in the lake. Didn’t you see them?

3. Don’t ____ at me like that.

4. The sailors had to _______ the sinking ship.

witness

abandon

were reflected

yell

5. They all ____ from the burning building last night.

6. He ________ his suitcase along the platform. They were too heavy to carry.

II. Use the proper forms of the following phrases to fill in the blanks:

ahead of in the meantime help out be aware of upside down scare to death sort out a pack of

fled

dragged

1. There was a roadblock straight ________ us.

2. Women are often more _________ their feelings than men.

3. I’ll phone for a taxi. ______________ , you must get packed.

4. They were _______________ by the terrible snow.

5. The cook’s ill, so I _____________ this week.

ahead of

aware of

In the meantime

scared to death

am helping out

6. They met _________ wolves in th forest.

7. We’ve got a few little problems to _______ .

8. Everything is ____________ in this house.

a pack of

sort out

upside down

Useful structure ( 20ms )

1. 动名词的被动式：1 ）动名词的被动式有两种： being + 过去分词； having been + 过去分词。例如：a) 每个人都喜欢得到赞美。Everybody likes _______________ .b) 我记得曾经听过这故事。I remember __________________ the story.2) 在 need/want/require （需要）和 be worth(值得）等词后面，动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如： a) 这件事需要调查。The matter requires ____________ .= The matter requires to be looked into.

being praised

having been told

looking into

b) 这本书值得一读。The book _________________ .= The book is worthy of being read.2 、现在分词的被动式。1)现在分词的被动式也有两种： being + 过

去分词（强调事情正在发生）； having + been + 过去分词（强调事情已经发生，不作定语）。例如：

a) 她正接受提问，感到有点儿紧张。 ____________to answer the question, she

felt a little nervous.

is worth reading

Being asked

b) 这么好的机会给了你，你怎么能一点也不珍惜呢？________________ such a good chance, how could you not value it at all?

2 ）作定语时，“ being +过去分词” 表示正在进行的动作； done 表示一般过去或已经完成的动作； to be done 表示将要发生的董作。例如： a) 正在建造的房屋，完工后将用作我们的图书馆。 The house ___________ will be our library upon its completion.

Having been given

being built

b) 所使用的教材都是时新的。 The textbooks _______ are all up-to-date.c) 你打算参加下月召开的会议吗？ Are you going to attend the meeting ____________ next month?

used

to be held

Finish the following exercises:

1. He has always insisted on his ___ Dr

Turner instead of Mr Turner.

A. been called

B. called

C. having called

D. being called＊

2. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.

A. catching

B. to be caught

C. being caught

D. to catch

＊

3. While shopping, people sometimes can’t

help ___ into buying something they don’t

really need.

A. to persuade

B. persuading

C. being persuaded

D. be persuaded＊

4. ______ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

A. The president will attend

B. The president to attend

C. The president attended

D. The president’s attending

＊

5. Do you mind ___ alone at home?

A. Jane leaving

B. Jane having left

C. Jane’s being left

D. Jane to be left＊

6. --- What made Bill so angry?

--- ___. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but

she hasn’t come yet.

A. Having kept waiting

B. Being kept waiting

C. To be kept waiting

D. Being kept waited＊

7. _________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see

the film.

　 A. Having been told　　　 B. Having told

　 C. Been told　　　　　　 D. Telling

＊

8. The building ___ in our school is for us teachers.

Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy

about it.

A. built

B. having been built

C. to be built

D. being built

＊

9. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___

into buying something they don’t really need.

A. to persuaded

B. persuading

C. being persuaded

D. be persuaded

＊

10. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do

the exercises.

A. Having taught

B. Having been taught

C. taught

D. Teaching

＊

答案D 。现在分词 putting 作宾语补足语，表示主动。 catch sb.doing 表示“当场抓住（撞见）某人在做某事”。

1. He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

高考链接

解析：答案为 C. for 是介词，后接动名词作宾语。动名词的否定形式在前面加 not 。物主代词 his 与动名词的否定形式构成动名词的复合结构。

2. Victor apologized for ____ to inform me of the change in the plan.

A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being able D. him to be not able

3. The discovery of new evidence led to ____ . A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught

解析：答案 C 。 Lead to 导致，引起， to 是介词，后接动名词作宾语。从题意看 , 是 “小偷被抓住” , 故用动名词的被动式 being caught;因作宾语 , 故动名词的逻辑主语可用名词普通格 the thief 改名词所有格 the thief’s.由于发现了新的证据而抓住了小偷 .

4. ____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

A. Exposed B. Having exposedC. Being exposed D. After being exposed

解析：答案 C 。在这个句子中， will do 是谓语，要用动名词作主语． expose 与 one’s skin　是动宾关系，要用动名词的被动式 being exposed 作主语。

5. ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered

解析：答案 A 。从一词可只，要用现在分词的完成式。由于已经受到如此严重的污染，现在清理河道可能太晚了．