UNIT 1 THE INTERNET

commandn. 1)an instruction that you give to a computer 指

令，命令 e.g.I entered the command to the computer. 2)an order to a person e.g.I closed my eyes at his command.give a command e.g.When I give the command,fire!

v.to give someone an order ～ (sb) to do/that...e.g. The officer commanded his men to shoot/that

his men should shoot.

attemptn. a try to do sth., ofter without success 试图，企图 e.g. He gave up the attempt in despire. make an ～

v. try to do sth difficult e.g. to attempt an impossible task ～ to do sth. e.g. attempt to finish an impossible task

prove v. to show sth is true

～ sth. to sb.e.g. Can you prove it to me?

～ one's point/opinione.g. He used numbers to prove his point.

proof n. 证据，证明

provable adj. 可证明的，可证实的

crash1. n./v. of a vehicle 撞毁，坠毁 e.g. a car/plane crash the car/plane crashes

2. n./v. of business, prices or shares ( 企业、金融机构 ) 突然垮台

e.g. stock market crash Share prices crashed to an all-time low( 空前最

低） yesterday.

3. (of a computer) stop working suddenly e.g. The computer crashed for the second time in

10 days.

 

But it was with the arrival of web browsers that the idea really took off, with more than 513 million people online by 2001.

“it was … that…” 为英语里的强调句型，“ with the arrival of web browsers” 是此句需要强调的部分。

arrival n. arrive v. arrive in /at类似的词形变化方式还有 : approve (v.) ----- approval

(n.)

And what of the future? 是省略句，完整句应为“ And what will be of the future of

the internet?” 。e.g. 1. Well,what of it? A few years,and in the end,death. 2. Meanwhile, what of the costs of doing so?

We're on the edge of cloud computing which basically means we're advancing from computer-based programs, such as Word and Outlook, to Internet-based systems, such as googlemail or whatever.

由 which 引导定语从句修饰先行词 cloud computing ，其中的 advancing from…to… 是一个整体，第一个 such as 后的 Word and Outlook 是“ computer-based programs” 的示例，而第二个 such as 后的 google-mail or whatever 是 “ Internet-based systems” 的示例。

advance n./v.

move forward e.g. The troops were finally given the order to advance. develop or improve e.g. This research has done much to advance our understanding of language learning.

advanced adj.

~ technologies/counties/English

advancing

~ age/years

whatever pronoun. anything or everything

e.g. Enjoy yourself! Do whatever you like.

conj.

e.g. Whatever decision he made I would

support it.= No matter what

risk n./v. risk of sth. e.g. Smoking can increase the risk of developing

heart disease. be at risk e.g. As with all diseases, certain groups will be

more at risk than others. take the risk of doing... e.g. I couldn't take the risk of leaving her alone

even for a short time. Many people are willing to take that risk in

order to protect their families.

innovate v. to introduce changes or new ideas 改革，创新

~ new ideas/products e.g. Apple Inc. always aims to innovate new

products.

innovator n. the person who innovates

innovation e.g. The company is very interested in product

design and innovation.

collaborate v. to work together with sb.

~ (with sb) on sth.

e.g. We have collaborated on many projects over the years. = I collaborate with him on many projects over the years.

~ to do sth.

e.g. Researchers are collaborating to develop a

new medicine to fight with H7N9.

tien. 1. 领带 e.g. That tie goes with your shirt. 2. 联系 connection

v. to faster things together with a knot 系，打结 e.g. He tied the ends of the plastic bag together.

be tied to: have a close connection

e.g. The cancer are not so clearly tied to the radiation.

appetite n.

the desire to eat e.g. He has a good appetite.

(for sth.) a strong desire for sth. e.g. She has an amazing appetite for

knowledge/adventure.

8) What it means is that our information is now held in the air, rather than on the computer.

“What it means” 是由 what 引导的主语从句，担当全句主语。主句谓语为 is,“that our information … on the computer” 是由 that 引导的表语从句。 rather than 在本句中含有否定意义，译为“而不是”。

 9) It is difficult to predict the future as we have

seen so many unexpected innovations already, and surely no one could have realized 40 years ago how greatly it would change the way we live.

“it is + adjective + to do something” 是英语常见句式。 as 是关系副词，引导原因状语从句，译为“因为…”。

10) It could become increasingly creative, open and collaborative,…

此句中的 creative 为形容词，其常见词形变化为：create v. 创造，创建，创作e.g. Christians believe God created the world.

（基督徒相信是上帝创造了世界。）creation n. 创造，产生；创造物

e.g. God spent seven days to finish the creation of the world.( 上帝用了 7 天时间来创造世界。 )

creator n. 创作者，创造者e.g. Shakespeare is the creator of Hamlet. （哈姆莱特的创造者是莎士比亚。）

11) … what I think will last is the appetite to connect and share information, on the go.

“what I think will last” 是由 what 引导的主语从句。 endure 的常见词形变化为：endurable adj. 可忍耐的，可容忍的，可忍受

的e.g. He found the tiring work hardly endurable.

( 他觉得这个累人的工作难以忍受。 )enduring adj. 持续的，持久的e.g. People all over the world look forward to an

enduring peace. （全世界人民期待持久的和平。）endurance n. 忍耐力e.g. He showed great endurance throughout his

illness. （他生病的整个阶段都表现出非凡的忍耐力。）

USEFUL PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

with excitement 带着激动的心情 be connected with 与……连接起来 make contact with 与……建立通讯 log on 登录 for short 简而言之 look up 进展，转好 take off 蓬勃发展，进步巨大 on the edge of 在……过程中，（即将开始或结

束）临界 in the air 在流传中，流行中 on the go 非常活跃或繁忙

COMPLETE EACH OF THE SENTENCES BELOW WITH THE CORRECT WORD IN THE BOX

contact prove arrival advance creative last

1. Our troops have __advanced________ two miles..2. While speaking to others, it’s polite to have eye ___contact__________ with the speaker.3. The writer described the ____creative_________ process.4. The task ___proved_________ to be more difficult than we’d thought.5. It cannot ___last________ long.6. We are expecting a new ____arrival__________ in the family soon.

TRANSLATE THE UNDERLINED PARTS INTO CHINESE.

What I need is something to eat.

我所需要的东西 You mustn’t believe what is in the newspaper.

不应该相信 Just as I was driving into my garage, I crashed straight

into the dustbin.

当我正要把车开进车库时 They’ve hardly forgotten my birthday.

几乎忘记了 It was when I arrived at the school that I realized I forgot

to take my books with me.

直到我已经到了学校 Our college is trying its best to build up a big library.

正在努力逐渐建起

Grammar Focus --- Articles

冠词的定义及分类

冠词是一种虚词，没有词义，没有数和格的变化，不能独立使用，常常放在名词前 ,帮助说明这个名词（或起名词作用的其他词类）的意义。冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。

冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。

冠词分为不定冠词 "a ， an" 、定冠词 "the" 和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。

不定冠词 不定冠词 a (an)与数词 one 同源，是 "一个 "的意思。 a

用于辅音音素前，一般读作【 ə 】，而 an则用于元音音素前，一般读做【 ən】。 1) 表示 "一个 "，意为 one ；指某人或某物，意为 a certain 。　　 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

2) 代表一类人或物。　　 A knife is a tool for cutting with.　　 Mr. Smith is an engineer.

3) 词组或成语。　　 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

定冠词 1. 定冠词特指某个（某些）人或某个（某些）事物

Many people came here to visit the old castle. 很多人来这里参观这座古城堡。 The man in black is a magician. 穿黑色衣服的那个人是个魔术师。

2. 定冠词用于第二次提到或复述上文提过的人或事物 He was given a pen and a form. He is going to use the pen to fill out the form. 他拿到一支笔和一张表。他要用这支笔填这张表。 They went into a small pub. The pub was crowded with people. 他们进了一家小餐馆，那个餐馆里挤满了人。

3. 定冠词用于交际环境中各方彼此熟悉的人或事物 The car is badly damaged. 这辆车损坏严重。（交际各方都知道是哪辆车） Please close the door. 请关上门。（交际各方都知道是哪个门） 4. 定冠词用于可数名词前表示某一类人或事物 The wheel is said to be the first invention of man. 据说，轮子是人类的第一项发明。 The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。 5. 定冠词用于某些名词或形容词前，表示一类人、一个民族、阶级或阶层 the Chinese 中国人 the poor 穷人 the nobility 贵族 the bourgeoisie 资产阶级 the old 老年人 the college students 大学生 the dead 死者 the unemployed 失业者 the deaf 聋人 the intellectuals 知识分子 the rich 富人 the railway workers 铁路工人

6. 定冠词表示世界上独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the North Pole 北极 the universe 宇宙 the globe 全球，全世界 the world 世界 the atmosphere 大气层 7. 定冠词用于某些专有名词前面 用定冠词的专有名词 例 词 江河、海洋、海峡、 海湾、山脉、群岛、 沙漠等名词前 the Changjiang River 长江 the Thames 泰晤士河 the Nile 尼罗河 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河 the Pacific 太平洋 the Hudson River 哈得逊河 the India Ocean 印度洋 the Red Sea 红海

以普通名词构成的 国家或机构名称前 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United Kingdom 联合王国 the Sudan 苏丹 the United states 美国 the Hague 海牙 公共建筑名称前 the Beijing Station 北京火车站

the Great Hall of the people 人民大会堂 the National Gallery 国家美术馆 the History Museum 历史博物馆报刊、杂志、书籍、 会议、条约前 The People's Daily 人民日报 The Daily Mail 每日电讯报 The New York Times 纽约时报 The Times 泰晤士报

姓氏的复数形式前 the Browns 布朗一家 the Smiths 史密斯一家 the Wangs 王家

在海岛、山峰以及湖泊等地理名词前不加定冠词。如： Christmas Island 圣诞岛　Mount Jolmo Lungma 珠穆朗玛峰　Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖 但是与“ of” 连用时这类名词要加定冠词。如： the Lake of Geneva 日内瓦湖　　 the Island of Taiwan 台湾岛

8. 定冠词用于形容词最高级前 This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。 He was the poorest man here years ago,but now he is a rich man. 几年前他是这儿最穷的人，但现在他成了富人。 9. 定冠词用于序数词前 The first thing to be done now is to have a square meal. 现在要做的第一件事就是大吃一顿。 She is in the third group. 她在第三组。 10. 定冠词用于表示标准或单位的名词前 sell by the pound 论磅出售 rent a house by the month 按月租房 buy coal by the ton 论吨买煤 sell eggs by the dozen 论打出售鸡蛋

11. 定冠词用在 play 后与乐器连用 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 play the flute 吹笛子

12. 定冠词用于某些习语中 tell the truth 说真话 put the blame on sb 归咎于某人 keep the peace 维持治安 in the dark 在暗处 on the average 平均 keep the house 居家不外出 in the air 在空中 on the spot 当场 in the sun 在阳光下 on the alert 警惕 on the right 在右边 in the distance 在远处 act the lord 逞威风 on the contrary 相反 by the way 顺便说一句 out of the question 不可能

I ordered ________ book some time ago. ________ book has arrived.

A. a; The B. the; A C. a; A D. /; The

Mr. Smith is _______ European and his wife is ________ American.

A.an; an B. a; a C. a; an D. an; a

Lesson 10 is ________ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t _______ most difficult lesson in Book One

A.a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a

This little boy wished to be ________. A.Lei Feng B. this Lei Feng C. the Lei Feng D. a Lei Feng

I beg you to do me ______ favor. A. / B. a C. the D. that

I didn’t like ________ lunch we had yesterday. A.My B. / C. the D. a

They sailed along ____ Changjiang River for two weeks before they arrived _____ home.

A.the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the

--- Can you play _____? --- No, but I can play ____. A.The tennis; the piano B. tennis; piano C. the tennis; piano D. tennis; the piano

___ sun setting in ____ west, I saw birds flying _____ south. The; /; the B. The; the; / C. /; /; / D. The; the; the

My sister works in a factory. She goes home once _____ month.

a B. an C. the D. every

As You Read Text B

BACKGROUND INFORMATION A Map shown the ranks of social network

providers in China

massive

e.g. a ~ rock a ~ increase in spending My phone bill is going to be massive

this month.Club members can get a massive

discount of £50.

application n.

1) e.g. an ~ form a passport application2) e.g. the ~ of new technology to

teaching3) a database ~

apply v. (for sth)~ for a job/passport

conquer1) ( of a country, people) e.g. The Normans conquered England in 1066. 2) to defeat sb. e.g. The world champion conquered yet another

challenger last night. 3) to become very popular or successful in a place e.g. In the last few years, the company has

succeeded in conquering the European market.

conqueror 征服者

adopt1) to start to use 采用，采纳 e.g. All three teams adopted different

approaches to the problem. 2) to take sb. else’ child e.g. After the loss of a baby, a husband and

wife adopt an older child.

adaptto change sth in order to make it suitable

e.g. You should adapt to the new environment soon.

The book has been adapted to the needs of children.

target n./v.

aim/goal e.g. The university will reach its target

of getting the right to confer bachelor degrees.

( ~ on/at sb./sth.) e.g. The new application is mainly

targeted at adults.

announce to tell people sth officially e.g. ~ a decision/plan The officers announced that three

suspects in the terrorist attack had been captured.

~ sth to sb e.g. We have announced her death to

some friends only.

flock

n. a group of sheep, goats a large group of people e.g. a flock of children/reportersv. to go or gather together in large

numbers e.g. The public has flocked to the

show.

due to 表示原因，可用于动词之后：e.g. His lateness was due to the very heavy

traffic on the motorway. ( 他迟到是因为高速公路上车辆过多所致。 )

可以将 due to 视为 owing to 的同义词，而owing to 的用法与之有别：

e.g. He was late owing to the very heavy traffic.

Owing to the heavy traffic, he was late.due to 可以直接用于名词之后：e.g. Accidents due to driving at this speed

were very common that weekend. （在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。）

dominate

1) to control sb./sth. e.g. 1.The industry is dominated by five

multinational companies.2. Her loud voice totally dominated the conversation.

dominating adj. primary/major

surpass v. go beyond

to do or be better than sb./sth.e.g. 1. He hopes one day to surpass the

world record. 2. He surpasses me at English. surpass one’s

expectations/comprehension

surpass oneselfe.g. With this painting he has surpassed

himself. (=done better than he has ever done before)

run to move quickly using your legs e.g. He was running towards the door. to be in charge of a business e.g. ~ a hotel/store/school a badly-run company state-run industries He has no idea how to run a business.

explode to burst loudly and violently e.g. Bombs were exploding all around the

city. to increase suddenly and very quickly e.g. the exploding world population

explosive adj.explosion n.

employ to give sb a job to for payment e.g. ~ed workers The company employs 18 graduates this year. to use sth e.g. 1.They said they will employ all available tools

to promote economic recovery. 2.The police had to employ force to enter the

building.

be employed in doing sth e.g. She was employed in making a list of all the

jobs to be done

DETAILED STUDY Despite China’s massively growing internet

market, international giants like Google and Facebook are having trouble making gains with the 300 million Chinese online users.despite 引导让步状语从句，massively adv. massive adj. massiveness n.have trouble doing something

While companies like Facebook struggle to conquer market share in China and to create viable business models everywhere,…conquer conqueror 征服者

Unfortunately, adopting Chinese methods may not help American social networks due both to cultural differences in Chinese user behavior, and industry practices.

due to 表示原因，可用于动词之后：e.g. His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on

the motorway. ( 他迟到是因为高速公路上车辆过多所致。 )

可以将 due to 视为 owing to 的同义词，而 owing to 的用法与之有别：

e.g. He was late owing to / due to the very heavy traffic.

Due to / Owing to the heavy traffic, he was late.

due to 可以直接用于名词之后：e.g. Accidents due to driving at this speed were

very common that weekend. （在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。）

Registered user accounts, which are mostly anonymous, surpass 3 billion and 80% of Chinese sites run their own BBS.

① 句中 registered 是过去分词作定语，修饰 user accounts ；

② 句中 which 所引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的 registered user accounts 。

译文：它的注册用户（匿名的）已经超过了 30亿，而且 80% 的中国网站都拥有自己的 BBS论坛。

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORMS OF GIVEN WORDS

My weekend was ____dominated___________ (dominate) by housework.

This production is ____targeted______________ (target) at youngsters.

The Normans _____conquered__________ (conquer) England in 1066.

He has no idea of ___running__________ (run) a successful business.

He was busily ___employed________ (employ) in cleaning his shoes.

Writing focus

USE WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BOX TO COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH

search information, dominate, on average, have trouble in doing something, netizens, in the future, play a … role in …, join in

English Version：The Internet has now been dominating people’s life. It is playing

an important role in people’s life and study. Without the Internet, people will have trouble in searching information. There are on average three out of five people having email boxes, and more and more netizens will join in it in the future.

Chinese Version:互联网现在已经逐渐支配了人们的生活。它在人们的生活和

学习中都起到举足轻重的作用。离开了互联网，人们在查阅资料时就面临很多困难。平均 5个人中就有 3个人拥有电子邮箱，而且在未来还会有更多的网民加入进来。

感谢信（ A THANK LETTER)August 12, 2010

Dear Susan,      How are you?      Thanks to your help, I enjoyed my trip in Guangzhou. I’d like to welcome you and your friends to visit Shanghai when you are free. There are many places worth to go. You can pay a visit to Oriental Pearl TV Tower, stroll around the Bound, and experience magnetic suspension train in person. I am sure you will enjoy them!

There is also good news that my daughter has just graduated. She majored in tourism and she’d love to be your tour guide. I am looking forward to your visit.

   Best wishes.                                                                      Yours,

John

P1-A1Amazon1995to use the computer linked with the Internet/ online

P2-A2-T1upupsetbrillianthard-workmake

T2 W: Ugh, Joey, they called you in. You should

just audition for the dad. M: But I don’t know if I can pull it off. I have

all these heavy scenes with my kids in the show. I don’t know how to do that.

W: Look, I know this isn’t the kind of role you’re used to doing, but you can’t just give up because you’re afraid to fail, and I don’t think you’re gonna fail.

M: Really? W: Oh, I hate doing this stuff to your face.

Are you gonna make me compliment you? M: I need it. W: Turn around.

P3-A1-T2 opportunity to reach you any time of the day

the risk of credit card fraud and identity theft

purchasing your products or availing of your services

Lisa: David, can you, can you, tell me some advantage of the internet?

David: Well, that is quiet a lot. Er,er… Like if you shop online, you will have more opportunity to reach you any time of the day, and any day of the week. There are a lot of internet marketing methods which you can use that are virtually no-cost or at a very low cost when compared to offline marketing methods. For example, e-mail marketing is so much cheaper than sending promotional mails by post, and so on.

Lisa: You are quite right. Have you ever thought of the disadvantage of the internet?

David: of course, everything has double sides. While a large number of people do surf the net and shops online, there is still a vast number of potential customers that do not use the internet. Also, some people still do not trust online shopping and prefer to buy from actual retail stores. This is why businesses cannot altogether ignore advertising methods that are done offline. Many people are hesitant about online transactions because of the question of security. Some people don’t want to use their credit cards online because of the risk of credit card fraud and identity theft. Thus, instead of purchasing your products or availing of your services, people may choose not to do business with you online.

P3-A2T1

1. state/Internet

2. number, grows/rises

3. surprised, astonished, unbelievable, never thought

T2

1. 1.73

2. 247

3. 200

The state of the internet

In 1995, we have 45.1 million users. In 2000, we have 420million users. In 2005, we have 1.08 billion users. In September 2009, internet users worldwide are over 1.73 billion. In Asia, there are 738,257,230 users, as so on, Europe 418,029,796 、 Africa 67,371,700 、 Oceania/Australia 20,970,490 、 Latin America/Caribbean 179,031,479 、 North America 252,908,000. The number of emails sent on the internet in 2009 is 90 trillion. The average number of emails sent per day is 247 billion. The average number of spam emails sent per day is 200 billion. The number of emails users worldwide is 1.4 billion.

P4-A1 M: How often do you use the Internet? W: I use it almost every day, but I usually only use it

to check my email. I don’t often surf the Internet You use the Internet a lot, don’t you?

M: Yes. I use it to find products and components at the lowest prices for my company. It can be

frustrating when the connection is poor. W: So you’re online 8 hours a day. M: Yes, I like the job though. Sometimes I help other

people in the office if they’re having trouble online.

P4-A21. August2. microphone, record

Brian Russell, a podcaster says, “Today, I‘m interviewing Marty Kearns. He’s the executive director(执行董事） and co-founder of green media toolshed （工具室） .” “Thanks, for having me on... it‘s kinda of exciting my first podcast interview,” says Marty Kearns. Brian Russell began podcasting last August. He says it doesn’t take much to get started. “You need a microphone, you need a device to record your audio （音频） , and then you need access to a computer,” says Brian Russell. And you need an idea. Brian felt traditional media outlets （产品） were not talking about topics that interested him. So, he decided to take a crack （试一试） at broadcasting his own show on the Internet. “And the constants （常数） are my lefty politics, my creative spirit, audio and activism,” says Brian. “If you‘re planning advocacy （宣传） and you can't plan like you did in the '70s and '80s," says Marty Kearns.

Podcasting began to take off last summer when Adam Curry, best known as a former veejay for MTV, the cable music channel, wrote a computer program iPodder that automatically downloads podcasts to any portable （便携的） device capable of playing mp3 audio files. The program allows podcast listeners--like Shea Shackelford--to scan through thousands of Internet podcasts. “Then if I got to take off （离开） I just synch it up （同步） with Ipod, pop the head phones in and then I‘m out for the day. I just found this the other night...it was great, I was just listening to all the shows I downloaded that day, and all of a sudden next thing I know I’m listening to this guy talking to this women who runs a coffee shop in his home town,” says Shea Shackelford. The quality and content of podcasts vary broadly. “You want to listen to ukuleles （尤克里里琴 ） sonnets （十四行诗） someone out there may have that podcast for you," says Chris Macdonald.

Chris MacDonald is the founder of an independent music podcast--indiefeed. "Listen up we expect you to be hearing a lot about Taxi Doll in the coming months," says Chris Macdonald. "I'll adjust the levels of the people talking, and then adjust the levels of the people going out and we'll have wham bam a whole show," says Brian. Politicians, companies, and traditional news corporations have begun to show interest in podcasts, some even have their own, because they see a potential to reach millions. "Every party I go to, every reception, every whatever I find myself running into several folks, who are just like, I'll say, 'blah... blah... blah...I'm trying to get into radio,' and they're like do you know about podcasting," says Shea Shackelford.

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