Unit 1 명사/형용사/분사+명사,...

14 The Grammar Level 3

1 명사+명사(noun+noun)

(1)단수명사+명사(singular noun+noun)

* book reviews책서평 * car accidents자동차사고

* bottle rockets물병로켓트 * school buses학교버스

* computer parts컴퓨터부품 * flower gardens화단

(2)동명사+명사(gerund+noun)

* chewing gum(=gum for chewing)씹는껌

* drinking water(=water for drinking)마시는물

* a living room(=a room for living)거실(주거용공간)

* a parking lot (=a lot for parking)주차장

2 분사+명사(participle+noun)

(1)현재분사+명사(present participle+noun)

Thechemicalsslowthegrowthofegg-layingmoths.

Oh,whatafrighteningChristmaspresentI’vereceived!

(2)과거분사+명사(past participle+noun)

Itoldthe surprised patientthatmostadultshavefattylivers.

The used carexportofKoreahasrapidgrowth.

3 명사+형용사(noun+adjective)

(1)themoney/(which is)availabletopaybacktheloan

theman/(who is)sincereinhisprofessions

anengineer/(who is)reluctanttolearnnewskills

(2)명사+형용사구(noun+adjective phrase)

thedistance/fromtheEarthtotheSun

thecrowds/againstsomeoftheAustralianplayers

thecountry/underpressurefromtheterrorists

4 명사+분사(noun+participle)

Acheerwentupfromthecrowds/watchingthegame.

Thereisneverafeetothecandidate/applyingfortheposition.

Heshouldreturnthemoney/takenawaybyforce.

Theequipment/providedtohisemployeesisproperlyused.

2 현재분사(-ing)는명사를수식할수있으며,이경우명사는능동적역할을한다.

(1)

* a dancing lady * falling leaves * an evil-smelling pond

3(1)뒤의형용사가앞의명사를수식하는경

우,사이에관계대명사+be동사가생략

되어있다.

(2)전치사+명사는앞의명사를수식하는형

용사구역할을하기도한다.

(2)동명사(-ing)는명사+명사형태로사용

되며,목적이나용도를나타낸다.

1(1) 명사+명사형태에서앞의명사는형용사

역할을하므로반드시단수형태가온다.

예외:복수형(단수취급)명사+명사

*arms race 무기경쟁 *customs office 세관

*news letter 뉴스기사

*physics class 물리학수업

1 Unit 1

명사/형용사/분사+명사, 명사+분사/형용사/형용사구

(2)과거분사는명사를수식하는형용사역

할을하며,이경우명사가수동적인역

할을한다.

* the provided food* a broken arrow* a newly built ship

4분사가다른수식어와함께있는경우,뒤에

서앞의명사를수식한다.

*분사의주어는앞의명사이며,그명사가

능동적인주어이면-ing,수동적주어이면

-ed를쓴다.

- which was taken- which was provided

Unit 1•어휘와어휘의결합 15

1(1)형용사는형용사+명사의순서로쓰이지

만,반드시그런것은아니다.

-명사+형용사(뒤에서앞으로수식):명사

뒤에관계대명사+be동사가생략된것

이다.

-명사+형용사:-thing와-body로끝나는

명사는형용사가뒤에위치한다.

(2)형용사가여러개등장하면일반적으로

크기-모양-성질(age,color,출신)-재

료의순서로나열한다.

-밖(외형)에서안(성질)으로

-비교급(comparative),최상급(superlative)형용사우대!

(3)형용사가3개이상이면 comma(쉼표)로연결하며,마지막에만접속사

(conjunction)를붙인다.

2(1)부사는일반적으로동사나목적어의뒤에

위치한다.

-동사+부사

-동사+보어+부사

-부사+형용사

(2)부사는뒤에서앞의동사를수식하지만,

목적어나보어가있는경우는그뒤에위

치한다.

(3)부사가여러개등장하면방법-장소-시

간의순서로나열한다.

왕래발착동사뒤에는보통장소-방법-

시간의순서로나열한다.

2 Unit 1

형용사+형용사, 부사+형용사/부사

1 형용사의위치(position)와순서(order)

(1)형용사의위치(position of adjective)

Icrossedthemountain/(whichwas)whitewithsnowovernight.

Weshouldnotusetherawmaterials/harmfultoenvironment.

I’mtryingtofigureoutsomething specialtodoonatrip.

Whydoyouwanttovoteforsomebody strange?

(2)형용사의순서(order of adjective)

Theartistwasdressedinadirty old navy bluesuit.

Heisdrivingahuge blue Americantruckwithhugewheels.

ThatistheMontBlanc,the highest whitemountaininEurope.

Shehasthe most beautiful redfingernailsI’veeverseen.

(3)나열되는형용사(parallel adjectives)

Proteinmakesyourskinmoist, white, soft and smooth.

Itsblossomsarelarge, white and pretty hardtomiss.

Herhairwaslong, but dirty and poorly combed.

Whetherthisideaisvaluable or worthlessdoesn’tconcernus.

2 부사의위치(position of adverb)

(1)동사+부사(verb+adverb)

Whatbreedsofdogscanlive/happilyinasmallapartment?

Sheissensitiveandgetsill/easilyfrommishandledfood.

Thisbridgetypeisveryexpensivebutisreallybeautiful.

(2)동사+목적어+부사

Ilikehim/simply becauseheiskind.

HespokeEnglish/fluentlywithoutstoppingtothinkofgrammar.

Hegavemealift/aftertheparty.Ifeltcomfortableinthecar.

(3)부사의순서:방-장-시간의순서(manner-place-time)

Theycertainlyspoke/loudlyatthe timeoftheteaparty.

Iheardhimplayingthepiano/very softlyinthe background.

Iheardthatyoudidwell/in the test last night.Welldone!


1 전치사(前置詞)의의미

(1)전치사는반드시명사앞에!(preposition+noun/pronoun/gerund)

Ifellasleep/duringthefilm.

Icoulddonothing/withouthim.

Shekeptworrying/aboutdrowningintheocean.

(2)전치사는하나의덩어리를만든다!

You’veheardthereport/aboutbabiesborninthishospital.

Sheiswearingadress/ofsilkandwool.

Shewentout/withoutpayingherbillfortheoperation.

Iasked/aboutwhathedidtocelebratehisachievement.

(3)전치사+that절

* in that S+V:「~라는점에있어서」

* except that S+V:「~라는점을제외하고」

Mendifferfromanimalsin thattheycanthinkandspeak.

Iknownothingabouthimexcept thathelivesnextdoor.

2 여러단어가하나의전치사역할

* because of ~때문에(=owing to, thanks to)

* in spite of ~에도불구하고(=despite)

* in front of ~앞에서

* next to ~옆에서(=by) +명사

* instead of ~대신에

* according to ~에따르면

* up to ~까지

Iloveherin spite ofherfaults.–Iloveherin spiteherfaults.(×)

Iloveherdespiteherfaults.–Iloveherdespite ofherfaults.(×)

Ismyseatnext tothatlady’s?–Ismyseatnextthatlady’s?(×)

3 전치사의다양한위치와의미

Whatareyoucryingfor? Whatistheweatherlike?

Areyoufororagainst? Whatareyouup to?

Whatarefriendsfor? Today,it’sonme.

Imustbeoffnow. Lethiminafterlunch.

3 Unit 1

전치사+명사(Preposition+Noun)

1(1)전치사뒤에는반드시명사(대명사,동명

사,명사절등)가온다.

-전치사+명사

-전치사+대명사

-전치사+동명사

-형용사구

-형용사구

-부사구

-부사구

(3)전치사는일반적으로명사와결합하지만,

that절과결합하여쓰이는예외가있다.

22개이상의여러단어가하나의전치사역할

을하는경우이다.

전치사뒤에는반드시명사(구)가오므로,

전치사뒤에문장이올수없다.

3-왜우니?(what ~for=why왜)

-날씨가어때?(be like:~와같다)

-찬성이니반대니?

-오늘뭐할거니?

-친구좋은게뭐니?

-오늘은내가한턱낸다.

-이제그만가봐야겠어요.

-그를점심이후에들여보내.

Exercise

A Findandcorrecttheerrors.

1 Sheopenedthedoorquiet.

2 Youcaneatalotofsaladandexerciseregular.

3 Weweren’tsurelyaboutwhoouremployerwas.

4 Thechildrenwereplayinghappyinthegarden.

5 Thissubstancecanbealmostasstronglyasconcrete.

6 Noonewashurtbutthebuildingwascompletedestroyed.

7 Thesquirrelshavebeenabletocrosssafetotheothersideofthestreet.

8 Iwasoftenlatelyforworkbecausemyhousewassofarfrommycompany.

9 Theyenablepeopletounderstandimportantmessagesmorequickandeasily.

B Rearrangethewordstomakethesentences.

1 <theproblem/briefly/he/studied>.

2 <Mary/inthebedroom/slept/soundly>.

3 <it/was/intheroom/strangely/quiet>.

4 <come/near/theboy/somestudents>.

5 <despite/he/soloved/hisfaults/was>.

6 <eagle/inAmerica/found/it’s/thelargest>.

C Rearrangethewordstomakethesentences.

1 <we/are/directly/tomorrowmorning/togo/going/tothevillage>

Tomorrowmorningwe

2 <anewschool/they/arebuilding/nextyear/inourcity>

Theyarebuilding

3 <forfreetaxes/there/are/inthearea/manyservices>.

There

4 <talks/politely/theowneroftheshop/tothecustomers>.

Theowneroftheshop

5 <Mac/away/fromhome/was/frequently/forweeks>.

Macwas

Unit 1•어휘와어휘의결합 17

Further Study


A Choosetherightwordsfor(A)and(B).

This is (A)<only the road / the only road> which completely goes across the national park.

There were many tour buses in the parking lot, which I worried would mean the place would

be too busy. The trail to the park is sometimes a little crowded due to (B)<it is popular / its

popularity>.

B Readandanswerthequestions.

This morning I first perceived the sun’s light distracting me. The maple in front of my house

started to shed its leaves. I decided to take a few pictures with my digital camera, to see if I

could capture some signs of seasonal change during the day. I decided to start by (A) <take /

taking> a picture of a falling leaf. I went outside, saw a leaf starting to fall, pushed the shutter

button and watched the leaf fall out of the camera’s field of view. That was because I forgot the

one-second delay that happens between the time you press the button and the time the camera

actually takes the picture. So, I missed taking a beautiful photo. I learned that (B) <take / to

take> a digital picture is to take a picture “one second into the future.” 나는디지털카메라에서현재의

모습은미래의순간임을알았다.

1 Choosetherightwordsfor(A)and(B).

2 Rearrangethewordsoftheunderlinedsentencetomakeasentence.

Iknewthat<thefuture/through/now/is/thedigitalcamera>.

Iknewthat .

C Readandanswerthequestion.

A black family in Toronto expressed their outrage after finding a tag on a sofa that described the

sofa’s color as “nigger brown.” It seems that Orangesoft, a Chinese software manufacturer, was

responsible for the tag. The Chinese software company acknowledged its translation program

was at fault and said it was a regrettable error. The woman who purchased the sofa met with

a human rights lawyer to consider seeking compensation. According to her, “I had friends over

from St. Lucia yesterday and they wouldn’t sit on the couch.”

1 Accordingtothepassage,whywasthesofa’scolordescribedas“niggerbrown?”

Thesofa’scolorwasdescribedas“niggerbrown”becauseof.

A trail오솔길popularity인기,대중성B distract흩뜨리다capture붙잡다delay지연,연기 C outrage격분,분노beresponsiblefor책임지다,담당하다compensation보상couch침상,소파

Unit 2

문장의 구성 1

1 단순문장(Simple Sentence)-주어의형태

2 단순문장(Simple Sentence)-동사의형태

Question

1모든문장은주어+동사로구성되는가?

2주어와동사,동사와목적어의관계는무엇인가?

3목적어의위치는어디이며,목적어의형태는어떤가?

Answer

1영어의모든문장은주어+동사로구성된다.

2가장많이등장하는문장은주어+동사+목적어이다.자동사는목적어를필요로하지않으며,타동사는목적어를반드시필요로하므로,이런문장형식에

서는타동사가쓰인다.

3목적어는반드시명사의형태(명사,대명사,동명사,명사구,명사절)가오는지확인해야한다.

①주어S(Subject)-명사나대명사의형태가온다.

②동사V(Verb)-목적어를필요로하는동사와필요하지않는동사가있다.

③목적어O(Object)-명사나대명사의형태와명사역할을하는구나절이온다.

④보어C(Complement)-신분을나타낼때명사와대명사,상태를나타낼때형용사가온다.

⑤구(Phrase)와절(Clause)-구나절은명사,형용사,부사의역할을한다.


1 구와절

(1)구(phrase)

EverybodyinourneighborhoodknowsMary’s new friends.

To stay in this country/istodestroyourvaluablelives.

Thestreetleading to the school/isverywide.

Thethiefranaway/at the sight of the policeman.

(2)절(clause)

What you know/isnotasimportantaswhoyouare.

Ican’tunderstand/what you want.

Theproblemis/that we can’t speak English.

Tellmethereason/why you are so angry.

Hewastalkingonthetelephone/when the doorbell rang.

2 문장의구성(sentence word order)

You should listen/carefully. (주어+동사+부사)

I waited/atthecornertill11:30.

He kept silent/atalltimes. (주어+동사+보어+부사)

He becameateacher/inNewYorkCity.

He gotgoodmarks/inallsubjects. (주어+동사+목적어+부사)

I ate my meal/bythefrontwindows.

Mygrandfather boughtmeabook. (주어+동사+목적어+목적어)

He boughthissonaMacintoshcomputer.

They wantedmetochangemymind. (주어+동사+목적어+보어)

He mademeverycomfortable.

3 주어(subject)의종류

(1)주어로쓰이는구(phrase)

The price of oil nowadays/isstillheavilydiscounted.

To lose a loved one suddenly/ispainfultoeveryone.

Taking a walk in the woods/isoneofmyfavoritepastime.

(2)주어로쓰이는절(clause)

The fact that you work here/makesyoudifferent.

Whether he succeed or not/dependsonthechoice.

How you do it during meetings/canaffectyourpromotion.

1(1)구:주어+동사의문장형태가아닌,2개이

상의어휘가명사,형용사,부사역할을

한다.

-명사역할(목적어)

-명사역할(주어,보어)

-형용사역할

-부사역할

(2)하나의문장으로서,명사(주어,목적어,

보어),형용사,부사의역할을한다.

-주어절

-목적어절

-보어절

-형용사절

-부사절

2하나의완전한문장은주어(subject)와동사

(verb)가있어야한다.

문장의주어+동사뒤에는목적어(object),보어(complement),그리고부사등이올

수있다.

3(1)주어위치에는명사뿐만이아니라명사

역할을하는구(phrase)가올수있다.

-명사구

-to부정사

-동명사

(2)하나의절(that절,what절,의문사절등)

이문장의주어로올수있다.

-동격절

-접속사절

-의문사절

1 Unit 2

단순 문장 (SimpleSentence)-주어의 형태

Exercise

A Identifythesubjectsinthefollowingsentences.

1 Whatyoutoldme isgoingtocometrueagain.

2 Workinginthiscompany willbeagoodexperience.

3 Speakinganotherlanguage opensnewdoorsforus.

4 Theonlywaytostudyinthiscountry istojointheparty.

5 Alotofpeopleinmyclass attendtheclassintheevening.

6 OneofthepeoplewhomIadmiremost ismyclassteacher.

7 Everybodyintheneighborhood participatedinaChristmasfestival.

8 Thetesttheytookyesterday consistedoflongscenarioquestions.

B Identifytheadverbialphraseorclauseinthefollowingsentences.

1 Marylefthersurfboard atthebeach.

2 Thousandsoflanguagesexist intheworld.

3 HongKonghasseenarapidincrease initspopulation.

4 Therearealotofpolicecars nearmyhouse atnight.

5 Earthquakesalsooccur inthearea neartheNanseiIslands.

6 Mikedidn’tshowup atJill’sparty becausehehadaheadache.

7 Coalandoilwereformed fromplantremains millionsofyearsago.

C IdentifyS(subject),V(verb),O(object),andC(complement).

1 EinsteintookajobinaSwisspatentoffice. *patent:특허

2 Ithankedmyfriendforlendingmesomemoney.

3 Onlyafewpeoplearesatisfiedwiththeirjobs.

4 ItookacoursecalledTheStudyofIslaminSingapore.

5 Hinduscalltheirreligioustraditiontheeternalteaching.

6 Agroupofscientistsbroughthelpandhopetopoorfarmers.

7 ThedreamthatIhadlastnightwasfantastic.

8 Thesellerswouldallowustostaythroughclosingastheirguests.

9 Thehelicoptertourenabledustoseealltheplaceswecouldn’tdriveto.

Unit 2•문장의구성Ⅰ 21


1 목적어가필요없는동사-자동사

(1)자동사(주어+동사-subject+verb)

Thesunis shining/alldaylong.

Iwaited/inthecityfortwomonths.

Thereremainsnoagreement/onwheretostorethewaste.

(2)자동사(주어+동사+보어-subject+verb+complement)

* keep, stay, remain+형 ~한상태로남아있다

* become, turn, grow, get, fall+형 ~한상태가되다

* appear, seem / prove+형 ~인것같다,~임이판명되다

Theyremainedquiet/aboutthenewproposals.

Thesebooksseem(tobe)popular/withthekids.

2 목적어를필요로하는동사-타동사

(1)자동사와타동사의겸용이다!(ergative verb)

Bysecondgrade,helearnsintheschool’sresourceroom.

JeffwaslearningGermanandhadalmostmasteredLatin.

Mystomachseemedtohurtalittlebitafterdrinkingsoda.

Don’ttrytohurtsomebodyfinanciallyusingfoulplays.

(2)타동사로만쓰인다!

①situate, locate, defeat, lay, raise, arouse, lack, feed, marry등②leave=start from reach=arrive in discuss=talk about

enter=go into resemble=look like answer=reply to

HowoldwasprinceCharleswhenhemarriedprincessDiana?

WillyouturndowntheradiowhileIanswerthephone?

3 혼동하기쉬운자·타동사

* lie-lay-lain * lay-laid-laid

* sit-sat-sat * seat-seated-seated

* rise-rose-risen * raise-raised-raised

* arise-arose-arisen * arouse-aroused-aroused

lloveitwhenacatliesinfrontofafireonitsback!

Welaidthebabybown,washed,fedandwrappedincloths.

1(1)목적어없이주어+동사만으로하나의문

장을만들며,목적어가필요없다.

자동사는수동태(be+과거분사)를만들

수없으며,부사나보어와결합할수있다.

(2)주어의상태나성질을설명하는동사들은

뒤에주격보어가와야문장이완성된다.

-appear,seem,prove뒤의to be는종

종생략된다.

2(1)대부분동사는목적어의유무와의미에

따라자동사와타동사를겸한다.

-자동사

-타동사

-자동사

-타동사

①반드시목적어를필요로하는타동사가

있다.

②자동사+전치사는타동사의역할과같다.

<타동사=자동사+전치사>

=was married to

=reply to

3

자.눕다,놓여있다 타.눕히다

자.앉다 타.앉히다

자.일어나다 타.올리다

자.발생하다 타.깨우다

2 Unit 2

단순 문장 (SimpleSentence)-동사의 형태

Exercise

A Choosetherightwords.

1 Totellyouthetruth,I<waited/waitedfor>yourlettersolong.

2 Thestudentfrequentlyappears<angry/angrily>andexhausted.

3 WasCinderellahappywhenshe<married/marriedwith>theprince?

4 Thecitycouncil<discussed/discussedabout>thematteranddecidedtotakeaction.

5 Thenameofthetownhasremained<familiar/familiarly>aftermorethanacentury.

6 Whenhe<entered/enteredinto>theroom,thedoorwaslockedfromtheoutside.

B Completeeachsentenceusingthewordsinthebox.

call stop turn drive hurt change

1 Thedoctor calls attheendoftheweek.

Theyusedto call thetownCharlotteafterhisonlydaughter.

2 Failinginrealizinghisdream,he (e)dtoHongKong.

Inormally thehandleinaclockwisedirection.

3 I’veneverdeliberately anyanimals.

Myfingersstartedto alotandmywristsgotverysore.

4 Youlookjustthesame.Youhaven’t (e)datall.

Youdon’thaveto yourpasswordregularly.

C Rearrangethewordstocompletethesentences.

1 He<answer/kept/and/didnot/silent/anything>.

<그는 침묵을 지키고 어떤 대답도 하지 않았다.>

He

2 Thehouse<to/seemed/forthecouple/be/largeenough>.

<그 집은 그 부부에게 충분한 크기인 것 같다.>

Thehouse

3 Theapartments<strong/despite/remained/afewearthquakes>.

<아파트들은 몇 번의 지진에도 불구하고 튼튼한 상태로 남아있었다.>

Theapartments

4 Ifeel<me/yourproduct/to/looks/familiar>.WherecouldIhaveseenit?

<너의 제품은 눈에 익은 것 같다. 내가 어디서 보았을까?>

Ifeel WherecouldIhaveseenit?

Unit 2•문장의구성Ⅰ 23

Further Study


A Choosetherightwordsfor(A),(B)and(C).

Where do you place a baby turtle if you can’t discover either of its parents? Usually young

turtles are left to live for themselves as soon as they hatch. The answer to how you (A)

<raise / rise> one is simple: (B) <leave / start> it alone. Turtles are protected by international

agreements, and cannot legally be taken from the wild. If you (C) <find / found> them on the

road, bring them into the bush or near watering holes.

B Readandanswerthequestions. 수학능력시험

Mom was an extraordinarily clean person. After feeding my brother and me breakfast, she

would scrub, mop, and (A) <dust / to dust> everything. As we grew older, Mom made sure

we did our part by keeping our rooms (B) <neat /neatly>. Outside, she would tend a small

flower garden, which was the envy of the neighborhood. With Mom, everything she touched

(C) <turned / turning> to gold. She didn’t believe in doing anything halfway. She often told us

that we always had to do our best in whatever we did.

1 Choosethecorrectwordsfor(A),(B)and(C).

2 Accordingtothepassage,momwantschildrentobe<industrious/economical>.

C Readandanswerthequestions.

In the middle of the night the sound of a wailing young child who has a fever (A) <pierce /

pierces> the air. ① A feverish child will feel very hot or burning but may him or herself feel cold.

② The first step parents need to take with a feverish child is to get that fever down. ③ The

reality of dealing with a feverish child can send some parents into a panic. ④ Taking your kid’s

temperature really (B) <make / makes> one’s life crazy, especially at 3:00 in the morning. ⑤

Sometimes, parents can’t understand that the fever itself isn’t dangerous, but it could be a sign

that there is an illness that could cause the child some uneasiness.

1 Choosethecorrectwordsfortheblanks.

2 Wherewouldthefollowingsentencebestfit?

Doctors sympathize with such parents, but note that one can’t ignore a fever.

A legally법적으로bush수풀,숲B scrub문지르다mop청소하다neat정돈된 C wail울부짖다pierce관통하다panic공포

Unit 3

문장의 구성 2

1 단순문장(Simple Sentence)-목적어의종류

2 단순문장(Simple Sentence)-보어의형태

Question

1동사에따라목적어가달라질수있을까?

2주격보어를필요로하는동사는무엇인가?

3목적격보어로동사원형,to부정사,분사가오는기준은?

Answer

1목적어로to부정사와동명사를취하는경우만구분하면된다.별도로암기하는것보다평상시에동사에to부정사나-ing를붙여함께사용하는습관을들인다.

2상태를설명하는동사(remain,keep,seem,appear)와감각동사(look,

sound,smell,taste,feel)의경우가그렇다.

3동사중에서a)사역/지각동사,b)목적격보어로to부정사가오는동사,c)목적어와목적격보어의관계를유념해야한다.


1 목적어(Object)의형태

(1)목적어로쓰이는구(phrases)

Hekilleda walnut treelastyear.Nowhemissesitalot.

Weareenjoyinghearing allaboutyouradventures.

Iwantto knowaboutalecturerjobinAustralia.

Iwonderhow to send videosfromthiscameratoane-mail.

(2)목적어로쓰이는절(clauses)

Thistrainingprogramgavemewhat I really needed.

Ibelievethat animal intelligence can be measured.

Hewonderswhat I like most and least about Japan.

2 목적어(Object)의종류

(1)S+V+O(subject+verb+object) Wecankillmultiple birds/withonestone.

Thenewssurprisedmany market observers.

Thechildrenthrewsnowballs/madeoficeanddust.

(2)S+V+Indirect Object (간·목)+Direct Object (직·목)

1. bring, give, lend, pay, sell, send, show, tell, write등

2. buy, cook, do, find, get, make, order등

3. ask

Hegavemeabook. Hegaveabook/tome.

Itoldhimaghoststory. Itoldaghoststory/tohim.

Pleaseordermeameal. Pleaseorderameal/forme.

Willyoudomeafavor? Willyoudoafavor/forme?

Maryaskedmeyourname Maryaskedyourname/ofme.

MayIaskyouaquestion? MayIaskaquestion/ofyou?

(3)S+V+Indirect Object (간·목)+Direct Object (직·목)

Iusedtoenvyhimhiswell-shapedfigure.

=Iusedtoenvyhiswell-shapedfigure.

Thewarcostmemyfatherandmyproperty.

=Ilostmyfatherandmypropertybecauseofthewar.

Thecarcostmetwothousandpounds.

=Ipaidtwothousandpoundstobuythecar.

1(1)명사만이목적어로오지만,명사역할의

구(phrase)가목적어로올수도있다.

-명사/대명사

-동명사

-to부정사

-의문사+to부정사

(2)목적어위치에는명사역할을하는하나

의문장이올수도있다.

-what절

-that절

-what절

2(1)타동사는반드시목적어를필요로한다.

주어+동사+목적어뒤에수식어나부사

가올수있다.

(2)목적어가2개(S+V+I.O+D.O)인경우

는‘~에게...를’로해석한다.

~에게…를(동사)해주다

~에게…를(동사)해주다

~에게…를묻다

목적어가2개인경우직접목적어와간접목

적어의위치를바꾸고전치사를써3형식문

장으로사용하기도한다.

*do+간접목적어+직접목적어

do me good do me harm do me damage do me justice do me a favor

(3)목적어가2개인경우,해석에주의해야

하는동사들이있다.

-부러워하다.시기하다

-앗아가다

-~에게비용을들게하다

1 Unit 3

단순 문장(SimpleSentence)-목적어의 종류

Exercise

A Underlinetheobjectinthefollowingsentences.

1 Sheinsists thatwhatAmyneedsisdiscipline.

2 Idon’tknow whobrokethewindowyesterday.

3 Igave whatIhadandwhatIcouldgivetothewinners.

4 Iusedtoenvy amaincharacterinthedramasormovies.

5 Iwonder howtoproperlyandcorrectlyconveythisemotion.

6 Mostofthepeopleasked ifChristmaswasSanta’sorJesus’birthday.

7 Hecollected butterfliesandvariousoddmentsfromaroundtheworld.

8 Iamenjoying cookingandsharingdeliciousfoodwithmyfamily.

B Rearrangethewordstomakethesentences.

1 alongletter/herfriend/wrote/she

2 her/someflowers/onherbirthday/he/gave

3 us/whattodo/told/nobody

4 sent/aletter/to/we/thepeoplewemet

5 cook/dinner/me/let/foryou

6 me/hasbought/myfather/agoodgift/for

7 will/I/tryto/find/thosebooks/you

C Completethesentencesusingthegivenwords.

1 Will afavor?(do)<부탁 하나 할까요?>

2 Please tothestation.(tell)<내게 역으로 가는 길을 좀 말해주세요.>

3 He takeacab.(lend)<그는 내가 택시를 타도록 얼마의 돈을 빌려주었다.>

4 Dave Iwantedtolistento.(bring)<Dave는 내가 듣고 싶었던 노래 테이프를 가져다 주었다.>

5 They butmyanswerwasn’tthere.(ask)<그들은 내게 답을 물었으나 나는 답을 하지 않았다.>

Unit 3•문장의구성Ⅱ 27


1 보어(Complement)로사용되는구와절(phrase and clause)

Heisenergeticandthoroughinhisteachingduties.

Myintentionisto trytoopenthatdebate.

Oneofmyhobbiesismakingdollhousesanddecoratingthem.

Thetroubleisthat he only thinks of himself.

Thisiswhat I need for the new yard.

2 주격보어(subjective complement)

(1)주어+동사+형용사(subject+verb+adjective)

turn red turn sour go blind go mad

come true come loose grow tall grow old

run dry run short fall short fall asleep

Sheremainedsilentduringthedebate.

Thefoggrew thickerlaterinthemorning.

(2)주어+동사+보어(subject+verb+complement)

looksoundsmelltastefeel

Shelookedwhiteandpaleinthedesert.

Hermusicsoundsgoodandshouldnotbeheardalone.

Thefoodsmellsdelicious,oniony,heavy,andhearty

3 목적격보어(objective complement)

Thepeopleelectedhim/presidenttwice.

Mymotheroftenleavesthedoor/open.

Wewantyou/to finishthejobquicklybeforeexamday.

Inoticedher/eatingherlunchaloneinthecafeteria.

Iheardmyname/calledoutontheradiothismorning.

Ihelpedher/carryherbaggagetothechurch.

4 S+V+O+to부정사(to-infinitive)

expect, want, allow, tell, ask, encourage, persuade,

cause, enable, advise, teach,order, warn, forbid등+목적어+to부정사(목적격보어)

Hedidn’tallowmeto smokeinthebuilding.

Thecoldweathercausedusto bondwitheachother.

1주어나목적어를설명해주는보어는명사나

형용사의형태가와야한다.

-명사구(to부정사)

-명사구(동명사)

-명사절(that절)

-명사절(관계대명사절)

2(1)동사뒤에는주어의상태나성질을설명

하는형용사가보어로온다.

자동사뒤에형용사가오면‘~하게되다’

가되는표현들이있다.

(2)느낌과감각을나타내는동사뒤에는상

태를나타내는형용사가보어로온다.

*효과적인기억방법

S+look good.sound good.smell good.taste good.feel good.

3-명사

-형용사

-to부정사

-지각동사+O+현재분사

-지각동사+O+과거분사

-사역동사+O+동사원형

목적어를설명하는목적격보어는문장의

동사에따라다양한형태가온다.

4동사가지각/사역동사인경우목적격보어로

to부정사가올수없다.

대부분동사의경우,목적격보어로동사가

오려면to부정사형태를취한다.

2 Unit 3

단순 문장(SimpleSentence)-보어의 형태

Exercise


1 Youlook<happy/happily>today.

2 Keep<silent/silently>whilewearesinging.

3 Insummertherosessmellso<sweet/sweetly>.

4 Thatmusicsoundstoo<loudly/loud>inthisnight.

5 Ifeelvery<comfortable/comfortably>withthehousekeeper.

6 Heaskedmehow<beautiful/beautifully>thebutterflylooked.

B Underlinethecomplementinthefollowingsentences.

1 IadvisedMarytothinkwellbeforestarting.

2 Shefoundthebookalittletoohardtoread.

3 Thisiswhathappenedwhenyoutookaweekoff.

4 Whenthehalllightswentout,thecrowdwentmad.

5 Iwatchedhimtakehisfirststepsandsayhisfirstwords.

6 HecalledhimUncleCaveManbecausehelivedinacave.

7 Thelocationhaschanged,butthetraditionremainsthesame.

8 Theproblemisthathejustdoesn’tunderstandethnicminorities. *minority:소수민족

C Writetherightwordstocompletethesentences.

1 Whatcaused him to be changed somuch?

<그는 무슨 이유로 그렇게 많이 변했나요?>

2 Darry’schairfeels againstmyback.

<Darry의 의자는 부드러웠지만 등이 닿는 데는 딱딱했다.>

3 Nationalincomefell by11percentofmaximum.

<국가의 수입은 최대 11퍼센트 정도까지 부족하게 되었다.>

4 Ithinkthisjobwillenable anexpertinthisfield.

<내 생각에 이 일은 내가 이 분야에서 전문가가 되도록 해줄 것이다.>

5 Myparentsalwaysencourage inmydailylife.

<우리 부모님께서는 항상 내게 매일매일 열심히 일하라고 격려하신다.>

6 Ascrewnevercomes fromthehandleundernormaluse.

<정상적으로 사용했을 때 손잡이에서 나사가 헐거워지지 않는다.>

Unit 3•문장의구성Ⅱ 29

Further Study


A Choosetherightwordsfor(A)and(B).

Jane heard her father’s loud and angry voice. Growing very (A) <pale / palely>, she ran out into

the hall. To her surprise, her father was already halfway upstairs, and his face turned red with

rage. In the hall below she saw her stepmother looking troubled and getting (B) <angry / angrily>.

B Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.

I lost touch with you for a while and the cell phone number I had for you no longer works. I have

been thinking about you off and on, but I haven’t dared to even dream of writing a letter. I can

offer you no more than my childish best wishes for your birthday. Nonetheless, I hope these

lines bring (A) <joy you / you joy>. I wish that I could show you how real my feelings for you are.

I wish that I could (B) <give / keep> you this card personally instead of mailing it to you. Would

you let me give you these wishes in the future? Happy Birthday.

1 Coosetherightwordsfor(A)and(B).

C Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.

It was a long car ride to the hospital. His dad told me how my friend, Dick, had had a mental

disorder for many years. He assured me that whatever happened was out of our control; we

had to let Fate do its job. I walked in as Dick yelled at the staffs who tried to comfort him. The

reaction to medication he was taking made him think they were poisoning his food. Sometimes

he drifted in and out of consciousness. Still, he made friends at the hospital. To my surprise, he

was everybody’s favorite patient. The nurses said he was “crazy but funny.” Some nurses could

often rely on him to make them laugh when they were too stressed. They also said he had a

family who cared for him through everything, and 그것이그를살아있게해준것이다.

1 Rearrangethewordstohavethesamemeaningastheunderlinedpart.

<alive/kept/him/what>

thatis

2 Accordingtothepassage,whatmadethementalpatientgetbetterinthehospital?

<Harmony/Staff>madethepatientadapthimselftolifeandgetbetter.

A rage격노,분노stepmother새엄마B nomorethan단지(=only)nonetheless그럼에도불구하고childish유치한C mentaldisorder정신질환fate운명yell고함치다

Unit 4

문장의 연결

1 복합문장(Compound Sentence)-접속사

2 병렬구조(Parallelism)

Question

1영어는정말반복을싫어하는가?

2같은표현이반복되지않아야한다면그원칙은?

3접속사의의미와역할은정확히무엇일까?

Answer

1영어는표현의반복을싫어하며,표현을연결하는접속사의앞과뒤는같은형태의표현이온다.

2접속사와어법단위(to부정사,동명사등)를기준하여반복되는표현은생략한다.

3영어의반복되는표현을연결하거나문장을연결하는접속사는and,but,

or,so,for등이있다.이들은단독으로사용되기도하지만,‘either A or B’처럼특정한형태를취하기도하므로그형태를잘익혀두어야한다.


1 복합문장만들기

addition부가 Shewashedmycarandthenpolishedit.

ShestudiedinChicagoandworkedinPittsburgh.

contrast대조 Shesoldhercar,butshecouldn’thelpregrettingit.

Juliegavemesomefood,yetitwasnotenough.

choice선택 Putonyourcoat,oryou’llcatchacold.

Youcanparkyourcarbytheroadorontheroad.

result결과 Hecouldn’tfindhispen,sohewroteinpencil.

Mymomisalwaystired,soIhelpherwithherchores.

reason이유 Maryrarelystaysinhotels,forshecan’taffordit.

Icouldn’texplainit,forIknewnothingaboutit.

2 접속사-and, but(=yet), nor(=and ~not)Hephonedandleftamessageyesterday.

Immigrationbeganlongbeforeandcontinuesnow.

Wegotreadytogetonthetrain,butthetraindidn’tstop.

Shehatesmath,butshegetsgoodgradesinit.

Shehasn’tbeentoJapan,norhasshebeentoChina.

Theywon’tgotothebeachtomorrow,northedayafter.

3 접속사-so, forWedidn’twanttowatchthefilm,sowewentstraightback.

Wegotintoanargument,sowestoppedtalkingagain.

Wewereboredyesterday,fortherewasnothingtodo.

Imustleaveearly,forIhavealongwaytogo.

4 복합문장을만드는접속사

Jimnot onlybuilthisownhousebutdesignedithimselfaswell.

Hewasbothtrainingthemintheaterandactingskills.

Icaneitherleavenoworstayforanotherhour.

Ineitherknowwhathappenednorcareto.

12개이상의문장이나표현이연결되어있는

경우를복합문장이라한다.

연결된각각의문장과표현들사이에는접속

사(conjunction)를사용한다.

2일반적으로반복되는표현은접속사뒤에서

다시반복하지않는다.

접속사앞에comma가올수있으며,종종

이러한comma는생략되기도한다.

- nor뒤에서는V+S로도치된다.(~and she hasn’t been to China.)

3접속사so와for의뒤에는같은내용이반복

되더라도완전한문장이와야한다.

접속사for는반드시뒷문장의처음에오며,

뒤이어완전한문장이따른다.

4either A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but also B, both A and B등에서B에는A의내용이반복되지않는다.

- care to뒤에know what happened가

생략

1 Unit 4

복합 문장 (CompoundSentence)-접속사

Exercise


1 Sheopenedthedoor<and/so>thefrogwassittingthere.

2 Thecountrylanewasverynarrow,winding,<and/but>muddy.

3 Thekingcouldnotsleep,<so/but>hegaveanordertobringabook.

4 Ilookedforaplacetodance<or/for>listentothemusicthatIloved.

5 JasonfinallyleftNewYorkforKorea,<for/yet>hewantedtoseehisson.

6 Marywasveryconfused,<nor/yet>shedidn’tknowwhyallofthishappened.

7 WhenCharlesheardthis,heranaway,<for/so>hewasafraidofbeingbeaten.

B Completeeachsentenceusingthewordsinthebox.

nor for but or and so

1 Theworldisn’tsquare, isittriangular.

2 Iwilltakeeithermath Englishclassinthespringsemester.

3 Thecatiseithertakenin putoutsidebytheparents.

4 Bottledwaterisneithercleaner greenerthantapwater.

5 Jenniferisincrediblybusy, shehasmuchworkandfourchildren.

6 Henotonlybuilthisownhouse, madeeverypieceoffurnitureinit.

C Rewritethesentencesusingthegivenconjunctions.

1 Itookthebooksbacktothestore.Icomplainedaboutthem.(and)

I took the books back to the store and complained about them.

2 Yourfatherphonedthisafternoon.Hedidn’tleaveamessage.(but)

3 Ididn’twanttogethomelate.Iranstraightback.(so)

4 Mariwasnotinclassalldaylong.Shewasnotathome.(nor)

5 I’mnotaleadernow.Idonotwanttobealeader.(nor)

Unit 4•문장의연결 33


1 접속사에의한연결(connecting with conjunction)

Joeisintelligentandcreation. (×)

Joeisintelligentandcreative. ()

Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandtolistentopopmusic.(×)

Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandlisteningtopopmusic. ()

Tomfinishedthejobslowlybutperfect. (×)

Tomfinishedthejobslowlybutperfectly. ()

BobnotonlymetTombutalsotohavedinnerwithhim. (×)

BobnotonlymetTombutalsohaddinnerwithhim. ()

Bothdiligenceandsincerearerequiredinthisjob. (×)

Bothdiligenceandsincerityarerequiredinthisjob. ()

Youmusteithercleantheroomortowashthedishes. (×)

Youmusteithercleantheroomorwashthedishes. ()

Alanguageislearnedbymakingandcorrectmistakes. (×)

Alanguageislearnedbymakingandcorrectingmistakes. ()

2 복합문장(compound sentence)을만드는접속사

(1)동일한형태의A,B

* either A or B A,B둘중의하나

* neither A nor B A,B둘다아닌

* not only A but also B A뿐만아니라B도

= B as well as A

Arecipeforpoundcakecallsforeitherwaterormilk.

Theydon’ttakelifeseriously,eitherdancingorplayingsports.

Thegrowthwillneitherstopnorslowdownduetotheoilprice.

It’saplacetonotonlywritebutsharemusicandmovies.

(2)동사는B에일치

Not onlymyfatherbut alsomybrothersaredrummers.

Myfatheras well asmybrothersisadrummer.

Neithermybrothersnormyfatherisadrummer.

Eithermyfatherormybrothersaredrummers.

1두개이상의단어가and,or,but등등위

접속사로연결될때는,연결되는단어들이

동일한문법요소(명사+and+명사,동사

+and+동사,형용사+but+형용사등)로결

합된다.

2

(1)복합문장에서or,nor,but,also등의뒤에는같은내용이반복되지않으며,

앞과뒤에는서로문법적으로동일한어

구가와야한다.

(2)A와B를동반하는표현이주어로올때

는B에동사가일치된다.

-주어:my brothers

-주어:my father

-주어:my father

-주어:my brothers

2 Unit 4

병렬 구조 (ParallelStructure)

Exercise

A Findandcorrecttheerrors.

1 Wefinishedtheworkslowlyandaccurate.

2 Youmusteithercleantheroomortowashthedishes.

3 Overpopulationcausespovertyandhinderdevelopment.

4 BobnotonlymetTombutalsotohavedinnerwithhim.

5 Myhomeoffersmeafeelingofsecure,warmth,andlove.

6 Usethissitetofindoutiffamouspeoplearedeadorlive.

7 Today,ourworldproducesenoughfoodandnourishingeveryhuman.

8 Thetop32teamsreachedthefinalsandcompetingtowinthetrophy.

B Add‘is’or‘are’toeachsentence.

1 Boththestudentsandtheteacher planningtogothere.

2 Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher planningtogothere.

3 Eithertheteacherorthestudents planningtogothere.

4 Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher planningtogothere.

5 Thestudentsaswellastheteacher planningtogothere.

C Rewritethesentencesusingthegivenwords.

1 Hedoesnothaveabag.Hedoesnothavebooks.(neither A nor B)

He has neither a bag nor books.

2 WecanflytoNewYork,orwecantakeatrain.(either A or B)

3 Coalisanirreplaceablenaturalresource.(both A and B)

4 Themosquitospreadsadisease.Theflyspreadsadisease.(not only A but also B)

5 Spidermanisn’tgoingtotheparty.Batmanisn’tgoingtotheparty.(neither A nor B)

6 Medicaleducationcanbefun.Medicaleducationcanbeeducational.(B as well as A)

Unit 4•문장의연결 35

Further Study


A Choosetherightword. 대학수학능력

In order to make their dream come true, Mike and Amy decided not to waste money. By living

temporarily with Mike’s parents and (A) <cut / cutting> their leisure expenses, they hoped to

save enough money to buy a modest house in two years.

B ReadandanswerthequestionsinEnglish.

There lived a simple man who was the person responsible for sweeping floors and for

keeping windows clean. He really did a good job, (A) <for / or> he was highly self-reliant

and attentive to details. He had only a little money but he had good credit. (B) <So / But>

a new rabbi came and insisted that everyone who lived and worked within its walls had

to be educated enough to read and write. (C) <Still / So>, he was illiterate and said to

the rabbi, “I do my job well and long to continue to do it.” The rabbi frowned and said,

“I am sorry to ask you to leave. It’s my belief that everyone in this place should be literate.

가서읽고쓰는것을배우시오.그리고돌아오시오.”

1 Choosetherightwordsfor(A),(B)and(C).

2 TranslatetheKoreanintoEnglish.

Go .

C Readandanswerthequestion.

Our bodies already knows how to cure themselves and be healthy. Occasionally we choose

not to listen to our bodies because we don’t want to hear that we shouldn’t be eating chocolate,

drinking coffee or whatever else our body is sending signals about. It is easier to sit on the

couch in front of the TV and eat ice cream than to go out for a walk in nature. Both will make

us feel good temporarily, but <will increase / and / our energy / for the rest of the day / eating /

healthy foods / walking>.

1 Rearrangethewordstocompletethesentence.

but

A cometrue실현되다temporarily일시적으로modest겸손한,알맞은B attentive주의깊은responsible책임있는,담당하는detail상세,세부rabbi유대교회의목사illiterate문맹의 C couch침상,소파signal신호

Unit 1 명사/형용사/분사+명사,...

Documents

Transcript of Unit 1 명사/형용사/분사+명사,...