Ung Dung Vi Khuan Lactic Trong San Xuat Tom Chua

7/24/2019 Ung Dung Vi Khuan Lactic Trong San Xuat Tom Chua

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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuyn

M U

Trong cc mn n c truyn ni ting ca dn tc Vit Nam, tm chua c!"m #$ mt %c &'n ca ng(i dn Vit) Tm chua c gi tr* dinh d+ng cao gi$u cht

-m .$ th/m ngon %c 0it) Th1c cht tm chua #$ mt &'n 2h3m ca 4u tr5nh #6n

m"n #actic .$ thu7 2hn 2rot"in, c #$m t8 tm, c/m n2, mu9i .$ gia .*) N #$ mt

mn n th(ng thy : cc t;nh 2hng

mu9i tm chua, nhng tm chua !? =u th/m ngon .$ c h/ng .* %c 0it @hc #- &o

.Ai cc &'n 2h3m cBng #o-i) Tuy #$ mt %c &'n nhng t8 trAc n nay n cha c

nghi6n c?u @C .$ 2ht triDn n th$nh &'n 2h3m cng nghi2 m$ ch; c &'n !ut :

4uy m gia 5nh .Ai &'n #ng @hi6m t9n, cht #ng 2hE thuc .$o tay ngh ca

ng(i ch 0in) NAc ta c nguFn nguy6n #iu tm rt #An .$ 2hong 2hG) Tm @hng

nhHng c ti6u thE trong nAc m$ cIn c !ut @h3u ra nAc ngo$i dAi d-ng cc

&'n 2h3m tm ng #-nh) J%c dKu #$ nAc c &'n #ng . nguy6n #iu tm rt #An

nhng th1c t &'n #ng tm c ti6u chu3n D !ut @h3u th5 ch; chim @hng 4u

LM &'n #ng) O9 tm cIn #-i c ti6u thE trong nAc dAi d-ng nguy6n #iu t/i

ho%c dAi d-ng cc &'n 2h3m tm @hc nhau trong c &'n 2h3m tm chua) VAi #i

th : th(i gian 0'o 4u'n d$i, dP d$ng cho .ic #u thng .$ 2hn 2h9i, h/ng .* th/m

ngon, &'n 2h3m tm chua nu c Ku t cho nghi6n c?u .$ &'n !ut c thD tr: th$nh

mt m%t h$ng ng gi trong t/ng #ai)

T8 !a con ngu(i Q 0it ?ng dEng .i @hu3n #actic ang c &R dEng rng rQi

trong &'n !ut cc &'n 2h3m #6n m"n chua trong c &'n 2h3m tm chua) Su tr5nh#6n m"n #actic trong cc &'n 2h3m #6n m"n chua #$m tng gi tr* dinh d+ng, .8a c

t


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuynyu t9 u @hng thD @h9ng ch c, gy ra &1 m n *nh cht #ng ca &'n

2h3m, nhiu @hi #$m cho 4u tr5nh #6n m"n @h !'y ra c Y nhit th2 .$o mBa

ng Z ho%c diPn ra 4u nhanh .$o mBa h[ #$m cho cht #ng &'n 2h3m th2 Fng

th(i tng nguy c/ nhiPm cc .i &inh .Wt @hng mong mu9n t8 mi tr(ng hay @h@iDm &ot c &1 2ht triDn ca cc t-2 @hu3n c trong tm gy nguy hiDm cho &?c

@ho\ ng(i ti6u dBng) #$ #< do "m chn [ t$i ] 'ng (ng )i *hu+n ,-c.ic ./ong

01n 2u3. .m chu-^, nh_m @h`c 2hEc c nhHng nhc iDm ca &'n 2h3m tm chua

&'n !ut th"o 2h/ng 2h2 truyn th9ng, n *nh cht #ng, 'm 0'o . &inh an to$n

th1c 2h3m)

SVTH: Dng Vn Bng !" #$S%B& Trang 2


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PHN I TNG QUAN TI LIU

1. LCH S NGHIN CU CH!NG "I #HUN LACTIC

cid #actic #Kn Ku ti6n c 2ht hin ra t8 &Ha 0I #6n m"n chua 0:i nh$ ton

hc ThEy iDn bar# Och""#" nm eM .$ c gi #$ acid &Ha) Nm ef oui&

a&t"ur #Kn Ku ti6n Q ch?ng minh c r_ng .ic #$m chua &Ha 0I #$ do nhm .i &inh

.Wt %c 0it gi #$ .i @hu3n #actic) Nm ee, o&2h i&t"r #Kn Ku ti6n 2hn #W2 c

mt #o-i .i @hu3n #actic %t t6n #$ Bacterium lactisYhin nay gi #$ Streptococcus

lactisZ) T8 n nay nhiu #o$i .i @hu3n #actic @hc nhau Q c 2hn #W2 .$ nghi6n

c?u)

2. GI$I THIU TNG QUAN "% "I #HUN LACTIC

Vi @hu3n #actic c !2 chung .$o h Lactobacteriacae) J%c dB nhm .i

@hu3n n$y @hng Fng nht . h5nh thi Y.i @hu3n d-ng 4u" ng`n, 4u" d$i #jn .i @hu3n

h5nh cKuZ &ong . m%t &inh #k chGng t/ng 9i Fng nhtl .i @hu3n ram YZ, @hng

t-o 0$o tR, .$ hKu ht @hng di ng) bhGng thu nhWn nng #ng nh( 2hn gi'i

hydratcac0on .$ tit ra acid #acticl

Tt c' cc #o$i .i @hu3n #actic u #$ .i @hu3n #6n m"n 0`t 0uc, chGng @hng

ch?a cc !itocrom .$ "nym" cata#aa) Tuy nhi6n chGng c thD &inh tr:ng c @hi

c m%t o!i, chGng #$ cc #o$i .i @hu3n &9ng t8 @* @h< tAi hiu @h


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p i9ngLeuconostocc h5nh d-ng h/i d$i ho%c h5nh o.an, (ng @


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuynd. Nhu cu mui v c

D 'm 0'o &inh tr:ng .$ 2ht triDn Ky , .i @hu3n #actic cKn rt nhiu cc

h2 cht . c/ nh Fng &`t, natri, @a#i, #u hu{nh, mangan) %c 0it #$ mangan .5

mangan ngn c'n &1 t1 2hn ca t 0$o .$ n cKn thit cho 4Ga tr5nh &9ng 05nh th(ngca .i @hu3n &au n$y) J%t @hc mt .$i "nym" c &1 tham gia ca cc ion @im #o-i

nh |", Jg, Jntrong cu trGc ca trung tm ho-t ng)

e. !"c ch#t h$u c %h"c cn cho nhu cu ph"t tri&n c'a vi %hu(n lactic

Ngo$i acid amin .$ .itamin, .i @hu3n #actic cIn c nhu cKu rt #An . cc h2

cht hHu c/ @hc cho &1 2ht triDn ca chGng nhl

p cid hHu c/l acid ac"ticX c tc ng n &1 &inh tr:ng ca t 0$o)

p bc 0a/ nit/l d"nin, uanin, }ra!in, ThiminXthGc 3y &1 2ht triDn nht*nh ca .i @hu3n)

p cid aminl q a&2aragin, q g#utamin)

2.0. P,7n 58) ',9ng :) ;,


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pLactobacterium bulgaricusl y #$ tr1c @hu3n rt d$i, nhit 2ht triDn t9i u

#$ MMb, c @h' nng #6n m"n g#uco&", #acto&") b @h' nng t-o acid cao Yw, acid

#acticZ)

p Lactobacterium delbruc%ii? th(ng g%2 tr6n h-t -i m-ch, y #$ tr1c @hu3n#An) Trong 4u tr5nh 2ht triDn ca m5nh chGng c @h' nng t-o th$nh &i) Nhit t9i

u cho chGng 2ht triDn t8 Lf fMMb, @hc .Ai cc #o$i @hc chGng @hng c @h' nng

#6n m"n (ng #acto&" .5 .Wy chGng @hng c dBng trong ch 0in &Ha)

pLactobacterium cueumeris )ermentil th(ng t5m thy chGng trong &Ha chua)

$ tr1c @hu3n @hng chuyDn ng, th(ng t-o th$nh t 0$o /n .$ c @hi t-o th$nh

chusi) Th(ng chGng t-o th$nh chusi trong 4u tr5nh #6n m"n) h' nng t-o a!it t9i a

trong mi tr(ng t8 M, ,)&44&4 n m;n (> h=nh

p Streptobacterium hassice )ermentatael th(ng thy chGng trong cc d*ch #6n

m"n chua rau c'i) bhGng tFn t-i t8ng t 0$o ri6ng 0it ho%c gh2 th$nh t8ng i, ho%c

chusi ng`n c @hi gh2 th$nh t8ng chusi d$i h5nh &i) hi #6n m"n rau c'i chua t-o

th$nh acid #actic, acid ac"tic, ru "ty#ic .$ bv) 6n m"n (ng &accaro&" t9t h/n #6n

m"n (ng #acto&")

* Lactobacterium l+copersicil #$ tr1c @hu3n gram d/ng, &inh h/i, t 0$o t-o

th$nh chusi hay /n, c @hi gh2 th$nh i mt) hi #6n m"n chGng t-o th$nh acid

#actic, ru 6ty#ic, acid a!"tic .$ bv) bhGng c @h' nng t-o 0$o tR, t 0$o &inh

d+ng th(ng cht : nhit eMMb

SVTH: Dng Vn Bng !" #$S%B& Trang @


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M B ,-n, n, :D :) ;,


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuyn0. TFng ng c thD nh 0`t c tm : tKng nAc &u) Nhng nh5n

chung #o$i tm &9ng : .Bng &u h/n th5 c gi tr* th/ng 2h3m #-i @m h/n)

SVTH: Dng Vn Bng !" #$S%B& Trang


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Nh .Wy, hKu ht cc #o$i tm c gi tr* th/ng 2h3m &9ng : ."n 0( 0iDn, mi

tr(ng &inh &9ng rt a d-ng do chn #nh . cc iu @inl

p bh6nh #nh thu7 triu)

p bh6nh #nh nhit ca nAc)p T


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuyn,.,.-.,.67t s lo8i tm d9ng & s;n


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p Tm c$ng !anh

H-n, 1.. T+ 'Ong an,

p Tm 0-c

H-n, 1.. T+ X8'

p Tm t

H-n, 1.1W. T+ (



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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuyn44&4 Thnh "h7n ho hFc ./ong .m

Th$nh 2hKn ho hc trong tm gFm cl NAc, 2rot"in, #i2id, cht @hong,

.itamin) nym", hoocmon, hydratcac0on) =$m #ng hydratcac0on trong tm rt ng 'nh h:ng #An n th(i gian 0'o 4u'n c ca &'n2h3m)

,.,.2.2. Protein

b/ th*t ca tm th(ng ch?a @ho'ng w q f 2rot"in) =$m #ng n$y 0in

thi6n tu{ thuc .$o gi9ng, #o$i tm, iu @in dinh d+ng .$ #o-i c/ th*t)

b thD chia 2rot"in trong m c/ ca tm nguy6n #iu th$nh w nhm &aul

p rot"in cu trGcl M q eM tng h$m #ng 2rot"in)

p rot"in c/ Ymycoa#0umin, g#o0u#inZ chim w q wM tng h$m #ng 2rot"in



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p rot"in m #i6n @tl iDm ng in ca 2rot"in tm @ho'ng 2= L)f q f)f, :

gi tr* 2= n$y cc 2rot"in trung ho$ . in .$ @* nAc h/n tr-ng thi ion ho) iu

c nghCa @h' nng #i6n @t .Ai nAc .$ @h' nng ho$ tan th2 nht) Nu 2= cao h/n

ho%c th2 h/n iDm ng in th5 ho$ tan & tng #6n)Tm #$ #o-i th1c 2h3m @h gi$u cc acid amin) i tr* dinh d+ng ca tm cao

#$ nh( cc acid amin n$y) Trong th$nh 2hKn cc acid amin ch?a #u hu{nh cao h/n

th*t n6n @hi cc acid amin n$y 0* thu7 2hn & t-o ra mBi /n th9i rt @h ch*u)

,.,.2.,. Lipid

J c/ ca tm ch?a @ho'ng M)M q w #i2id &o .Ai @h9i #ng ca tm m$

th$nh 2hKn ch yu #$ cc 2ho&2ho#i2id)

,.,.2.=. !h#t %ho"ngTm #$ #o-i th1c 2h3m rt gi$u cht @hong) =$m #ng cht @hong c trong

th*t tm 0in thi6n : @ho'ng t8 M, q ,f @h9i #ng tm) =$m #ng cht @hong

trong th*t tm c %c trng th"o #o$i .$ 0in thi6n th"o mBa, Fng th(i h$m #ng cht

@hong 2hE thuc rt #An .$o iu @in &9ng ca tm)

,.,.2.>. ?5 vi sinh v@t v8 enA+me

bc #o$i thu7 &'n c h .i &inh .Wt t1 nhi6n cao do &9ng trong mi tr(ng

nAc) Tm c #ng .i &inh .Wt cao nhng


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuyn(ng 2hn D t-o th$nh acid 2yru.ic, ti2 acid 2yru.ic 0* @hR t-o th$nh acid

#actic)

b hai 4u tr5nh ch


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hi mu9i tm chua th"o 2h/ng 2h2 c truyn, ng(i ta c 2hun .$o tm

chua mt ng g2 2hKn t-o mBi th/m cho &'n 2h3m tm chua)

p O1 0in i 2=

Trong tm chua th5 4u tr5nh 0in ng 2= th"o !u hAng ng$y c$ng gi'm) xo

trong 4u tr5nh #6n m"n tm chua th5 .i @hu3n #actic &R dEng c/ cht #$ (ng D tng

h2 n6n acid #actic #$m cho h$m #ng acid : trong &'n 2h3m tng #6n n6n 2= gi'm

!u9ng),.2.2.,. !"c ;nh h3ng l/n Cu" trFnh l/n men lactic

p nh h:ng ca #ng mu9i n)

p Ju9i n c 'nh h:ng rt #An n ho-t ng ca .i @hu3n #actic .$ &1 t


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hi #ng (ng tng th5 t9c #6n m"n #actic tng, nhng @hi h$m #ng

(ng #An h/n M th5 t9c #6n m"n #actic gi'm dKn !u9ng) VAi #ng (ng L q

'm 0'o t-o ra mt #ng acid chung .8a 2h'i, #$m cho tm chua ngt th


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuyn&1 ho-t ng ca 2rot"a&" do cc .i &inh .Wt t1 nhi6n c trong tm t-o ra .$ c &n

trong ni t-ng ca tm) y #$ mt d-ng /n th9i th(ng g%2 : thu7 &'n) Su tr5nh

n$y . 0'n cht #$ @hng c #i cho &'n 2h3m .5 n t-o ra cc h2 cht amin c mBi

@h ch*u) Tuy nhi6n cc h2 cht n$y nu tFn t-i : mt h$m #ng nhU #-i t-o n6nh/ng .* %c trng cho &'n 2h3m, nht #$ @hi 2h9i h2 .Ai cc acid 0ay h/i) V5 .Wy

.n cKn gi'i 4uyt ca 4u tr5nh mu9i tm chua chng h-n ch #un &1 tng h2 2rot"a&" ca cc .i @hu3n n$y) Nh .Wy tc

ng n$y c hai m%t)

SVTH: Dng Vn Bng !" #$S%B& Trang 1E


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Vi @hu3n #actic c>ng c @h' nng tng h2 2rot"a&") rot"a&" ca .i @hu3n

#actic c>ng tham gia .$o 4u tr5nh thu7 2hn 2rot"in trong tm nhng 2rot"a&" n$y c

h$m #ng


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=N S}~ TzN= bN N= ON }T

1. QUY TZ[NH S\N ]U^T GI_NG

1.1. P,7n ` g)Bng :) ;,


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuynmi tr(ng i @hR trBng) hR trBng mi tr(ng trong nFi h2 2 #1c cao : nhit

MMb trong M 2hGt) Oau @hi @hR trBng !ong cc 9ng nghim & c #$m nghi6ng D

t-o mi tr(ng th-ch nghi6ng D cy chuyn gi9ng)

54544 Oh3n ,N"

H-n, 2.1. Se (R ,a 5fng +ng, h-m Th* Trn bhu, NguyPn Thanh =in, 6 5nh ng,

o$n un Ju, h-m Vn Ty YeZ,67t s phng ph"p nghi/n c[u vi sinh v@th\c t@p ,, N @hoa hc .$ @C thuWt)

) NguyPn ?c ng YMMZ, !ng ngh5 vi sinh t@p - Y! s3 vi sinh v@t cng

nghi5pZ, N -i hc 4u9c gia th$nh 2h9 =F bh< Jinh)

w) NguyPn ?c ng YMMLZ, !ng ngh5 vi sinh t@p2 ]4i sinh v@t h\c cng nghi5pZ,

N -i hc 4u9c gia th$nh 2h9 =F bh< Jinh

L) NguyPn ?c ng, han Th* =uyn, NguyPn nh Tuyt YMMwZ, hZ nghi5m

cng ngh5 sinh h\c t@p 2 ]hZ nghi5m vi sinh v@t h\c^N -i hc 4u9c gia th$nh

2h9 =F bh< Jinh)

f) h-m Th* Thanh Jai YMMfZ,B8i gi;ng ho" sinh h\c, Tr(ng b #/ng th1c

th1c 2h3m $ Nng)

) TO) NguyPn T=*


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuynPHN I TNG QUAN TI LIU)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))w

1. LCH S NGHIN CU CH!NG "I #HUN LACTIC)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))w

2. GI$I THIU TNG QUAN "% "I #HUN LACTIC))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))w

2.1. &' ()*+ ,-n, ,/))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))w

2.2. &' ()*+ )n, 34 )n, ,5/)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))L&4&454 6hu c7u (inh (8ng c9- )i *hu+n ,-c.ic)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))L

2.0. P,7n 58) ',9ng :) ;,


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n chuyn mn GVHD: Hong Minh ThcQuyn&4&44 Uu nhc

Ung Dung Vi Khuan Lactic Trong San Xuat Tom Chua

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