Ứng Dụng Enzyme Trong Sản Xuất Rượu Bia

8/10/2019 ng Dng Enzyme Trong Sn Xut Ru Bia

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MnCng ngh enzyme

GVGD: Th.s H Th Ngn H Lp: DH11TP

TRNG I HC AN GIANG Khoa Nng Nghip Ti Nguyn Thin Nhin

B mn: Cng ngh thc phm


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Tng quan v enzyme

Mt s enzyme

Cc yu t nh hng n enzyme

Quy trnh sn xut ru

Quy trnh sn xut bia

Ni dung


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Tng quan v enzyme

Protein Tham gia xc tccc phn ng ha

hc trong v ngoic th

S dng enzyme trongsn xut ru bia

-amylase amylase


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Enzymetrong sn xut ru bia

Amylase (, , )

Protease

Pullulanase

Cellulase

Mt s enzyme


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c im Enzyme amylase l protein c phn t lng thp, thng nm trong khong 50.000 n 60.000Dal. Chui mch acid amin Enzyme amylase u c cu trc bc 3.

Enzyme amylase

Cu trc khng gian ca enzyme -amylase


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Tnhcht

Enzyme amylase

pH ti thch: amylase t nm si l 4.0 4.8

Ngun gc khc nhau bn i vi tcdng ca acid cng khc khc nhau.

Nhit ti thch ca amylase l 50Cv b v hot 70C

Trong dung dch m pH = 4.7, amylaseca Asp.orysee rt nhy vi tc ng ca nhit cao

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2

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4


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Enzyme amylase

L mt Enzymengoi bo (exoenzyme)

Phn gii bt u t u khng kh ca cc nhnhngoi cngc cht

Phn ct lin kt

l,4glucosidenhng khi gp linkt 1,4 glucoside ng k cn lin kt l,6glucoside thngng tc dng

c im

Cu trc khng gian ca Enzyme amylase


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Tnhcht

Tm xc tc ccha nhm SH, nhm X-COOH,vng imidazol

Khng thu phn tinh bt sng, m ch phn ct

tinh bt h ho.

C hot tnh khi khng c Ca2+, v b kim hmbi Cu2+, Hg2+,...

-amylasehot ng thch hp pH=4.2 5.6

Ngun gc t vi khun th bn nhit hn ca thc vt v nm mc

Enzyme amylase


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c im

C nhiu tn gikhc nhau:amyloglucosidase,glucoamylase,...

Thucnhmenzyme ngoi bo exoamylase.

Do vi sinh vt tora.

Khi lng phnt: 27.000 -112.000 Dal.

Tnh cht c to nn t

hai isoEnzyme I v

II.Amyloglucosidas

e I t hp th vthu phn tinh bt trng thi rn.

amyloglucosidaseII khng c chaitnh cht ny.

Hot tnh - pH = 3.5 5.5- Nhit 50C- Bn vi acid hn amylase nhngkm bn hn trongru, acetone vkhng c bo v bi Ca2+.

Enzyme amylase


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c im Xc tc s thy phn lin kt peptit (CO NH)trong phn t protein v cc c cht tng t. C kh nng lin kt este v vn chuyn acid amin.

Enzyme protease

Enzyme protease


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Enzyme protease

Cacboxypeptidase

Aminopeptidase Dipeptidhydrolase

Proteinase

Thy phn lin kt peptit u nit ca mch polypeptit

Thy phn lin kt peptit u cacbon

ca mch polypeptit

Thy phn cclin kt dipepit

Thy phn cc lin

kt peptid ni mch


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Ngungc T

Vi khunAerbacteraerogenes

T

Vi khunKlebsiella

Enzym Pullulanase


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Enzym Pullulanase


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Thu phn lin kt 1,6 glycoside trongtinh bt v glycogen

Thu phn nhng dextrin phn t thp

Di tc ng ca iso amylase haypullulanase to thnh s l glucose

Hot tnh ti u ca chng pH = 6 vnhit ti u 600C.

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Tnhcht

Enzym Pullulanase


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Enzyme cellulase

Thu phn lin kt 1,4--glucoside trong celluloseto rasn phm glucose

c im

Phc hcellulase

Dng 1 l Endo--1,4-glucanase

Dng 2 l Exoglucanase

Dng 3 l -glucosidase


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Cu trc khng gian enzyme cellulase

Enzyme cellulase


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Enzyme cellulase

Thy phn ngu nhin bn trong phn t celluloseto ra cc loi oligosaccharide.

Thy phn u kh v u khng kh ca chui cellulose

Endogluacanase

Xc tc qu trnh ct lin kt -1,4-glucoside trong cellulose.

Sn phm l cc cellulose phnt nh,cellobiose v glucose.

Endocellulase

Ct 2 hoc 4 n v glucose t u khngkh ca chui cellulose.Exocellulase


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Yu t nh hng

Nhit

pH

Cht hot ha

Cht kim hm

Nng enzyme, c cht

Yu t khc

Cc yu t nh hng n enzyme


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Nhit

Ti

thch

Trung tmhot ng

Cao

Thp

Bin tnh

Khng mthot tnh mch b gim.

Mt i cu hnh chun vkhng ph hp vi c cht

Nhit ti thcht 40 60oC

nh hng ca nhit


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nh hng pH

Thay i khng thun nghch phm vi pHcc hp

Hai sn ca ph ti thch ra s phnly nhm prosthetic hay coenzyme

Lm thay i mc ion ha hayphn ly c cht

Thay i i lc lin kt ca enzymevi c cht


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nh hng cht hot ha

L cht lm tng kh nng xc tc chuyn ha c cht thnh sn phm

Thng thng l nhng cation kim loi hay nhng hp cht hu c nh cc vitamin tan trongnc

Cc cation kim loi c th c tnh c hiu, tnh i khng v tcdng cn tu thuc vonng


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nh hng cht kim hm

L cht c tc dng lm gim hot hay lm enzyme khngcn kh nng xc tc bin c cht thnh sn phm.

Phn loi

Thunnghch

Cnh tranh

Phi cnhtranh

Khng thunnghch


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nh hng nng enzyme, c cht

Vn tc t cc i khiton b

enzyme linkt vi c cht

Nng enzyme cngcao th vn

tc phn ng enzymecng l n

Nng enzyme C cht


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nh hng cc yu t khc

Sng siu m: Tcng rt khc nhau i vi tng loi enzyme, c enzymeb mt hot tnh, c enzymeli khngnh hng.

nh sng: Cnh hng khc nhau n tng loi enzyme,cc bc sng khc nhau cnh hng khc nhau, thng nh sng trng c tc ng mnh nht, nh sng c tcng yu nht. nh sng t ngoi cng c th gy nnnhng bt li.

S chiu in: in chiu vi cng cng cao th tcng ph hy cng mnh


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ngui

Trn bnhmen

Ln menChng ct Sn phm

Quy trnh sn xut ru go

Nguynliu Ngmnc Nu chn

ng dng cu enzyme trong sn xut ru


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Nguyn liu

Gii thch quy trnh

Go, np hoc cc loi nng sn c hm lng tinh bt caothng cha khong 14% nc v trn 74% tinhbt.Nguyn liu tt khng su mt, mc, khng ln tp cht khc,

Cho nguyn liu ngm trong nc nhm loi b tp chtbn...

Trong qu trnh ngm nguyn liu ht nc v tr nnmm hn, rt ngn thi gian nu.

Ngm nc


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N uchnVai tr ca amylase : amylase hot ng mnh trong giaion u ca qu trnh ng ha.

Nguyn nhn : C s thay i pH trong thi gan ng ha vgii hn hot ng ca a-amylase ti ng khng vt qu 70 80%.

=> Vai tr enzyme ny l lmdch ha nhanh giai on nu v c giai on u ca qu trnh ng ha, dextrinv tch t ng.

Gii thch quy trnh


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Glucoamylasethy phn kin kt 1,4 glucose trong ccpolysacharide.

Ngoi ra enzyme ny cn ckh nng phn ct lin kt 1,6 glucoside.

Phn ln cc glucoamylasehot ng pH khng cao.

Nhit ti u l 55 60C.

Sn phm cui cngca qu trnh thy phn ny l glucose

N uchn

Gii thch quy trnh

Vai tr ca glucoamylase


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N uchn

Gii thch quy trnh

Vai tr ca h enzyme cellulase

Tham gia phn hu cc polysacharide khng phi l glucide

B sung enzyme trn vo trong qu trnh ng ho hmlng ng galactose, arabinose, cylose, glucose tng ln

H enzyme cellulase c coi nh bin php tng cng khnng ng ho v lm tng hiu sut thu cn sau ln men


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N uchn

Gii thch quy trnh

Vai tr ca enzyme protease

Khi x l nguyn liu bng ch phm protease, trongdung dch ng ha tch t nhiu amino acid

Amino acid l thnh phn rt cn thit cho s phttrin ca nm men


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Ln men m

Ln men

L qu trnh to iu kin cho enzym amylaseca nm mc,

vi khun xc tcthy phn tinh bt.

Gii thch quy trnh

Cm trn men c trong 5 10gi mc mc u c khi cm, sau vun thnh ng, ph kn bng vi v gi ni thong mt (nhit 28 32oC) trong 2 3 ngy

Mc ch: To iu kin cho nm mc v vikhun pht trin, tit ra enzymng ha tinh bt


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L qu trnh nm men s dng ng to ra ln men

ru.

Thi gian khong 2 3 ngy.Cm ru trong iu kin kn, nm mc ngng pht trin nhng enzymeto thnh vn tip tc thy phn tinh bt.

Trong giai on ny, nm men pht trin mnh nh lng oxi ha tan trong nc v lng ng to thnh, sau chuyn sang ln menru.

Ln men lng

Ln men

Gii thch quy trnh


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Chng ct Gii thch quy trnh

Nhm tch hn hp ru v nc c nhit si khc nhau.Khi chng ct, ru c tch ra khi nc nh nhit bc hi thp hn nc

Tin hnh bng cch un si hn hp ln men,hi bay ln

c dn qua ng dn v c lm lnh bng cch chong dn i qua bn nc ngng t ru bn trong lngng

Dung dch ru thu c trong sut, c mithm c trng v nng ru s gim dn theo thi gian chng ct

Qu trnh ln men kt thc th tin hnh chng ct thuc ru thnh phm

d bi


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Ln men

ph Lm

trong bia Bo ho

CO2

Chit rtchai

Thanhtrng

Thnhphm

i mch Ngm m

mm Sy Nghin

ngho Lc b

Nu Lc bmalt Lm lnh

Ln menchnh

Quy trnh sn xut bia

ng dng cu enzyme trong sn xut bia


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Cc enzym trong giai on m mm

Enzym sitase

Enzym protease

Enzym amylase

Enzym lipase

Enzymeamylophotphatase

Giithch quy trnh


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Tc ng ca Sitase ( glucanase pentosanase )

Thnhhemicellulose

ng n pentose,hexose v ccs

phm khc

C ch hot ng Enzym sitasebt u hot ng ni nh.u tin u tin l s ha lng mng ca t bo gn k vi ng.Enzym tcng theo trc ca ht.

Kh nng hot ng ca enzym sitasequyt nh kh nng ny mm

Cc yu t nh hng n hot ng ca enzym sitase Nhit Bn cht ca ht i mch

Giithch quy trnh


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Hot ng ca protease

Protease c tit ra t phi ht v hot ng ngaykhi bt u m mm.Tc ng trc tin vo cct bo ni nh.

protein Cc acid amin ho tantrong dch thc Chui peptid

Abumo,

pepton

Giithch quy trnh


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Hot ng ca enzyme amylase

Cc amylasetn cng vn mn b mt ht tinhbt.

Cc t bo gn mm b tn cng mnh hn cncc t bo khc hu nh khng b tn cng.

Maltosec to thnh di dng ho tan v dichuyn n mm.

Giithch quy trnh


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Hot ng ca enzym lipase

Thu phn lipid

Giithch quy trnh


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Hot ng ca enzyme amylophotphatase

Enzyme phytasethu phn cceste photphoric

Giithch quy trnh


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Qu trnh ng ho

Thu phntinh bt Thu phn-glucan

Thu phnprotein

Qu trnh h ho

Qu trnh dch ho

Qu trnh ng ho

Giithch quy trnh


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Qu trnh dch ho

Cc gc glucose(amylose vamylopectin)

-amylase -amylase Thu phnhnh thnhmch ngn hn.

Gim nht

Giithch quy trnh


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Qu trnh ng ho

Amylose vamylopectin

-amylaseThu phnthnh dextrincha 7 12gc glucose

Dextrin-amylase Phn ct thnh hai gc

maltose u khng kh

Ngoi ra, amylase tham giathu phn polysaccharidet u khng kh tun t tng gc glucose.Ct loeen kt 1,4; 1,6; 1,2 v 1,3 glucozid.Sn phm to thnh lglucose v oligosaccharide.

Giithch quy trnh


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Thu phn -glucan

Giithch quy trnh

Thnh t bo ni nh: cha mt mng li cc protein,cellulose v hemicellulasevng chc, cc cht ny linkt vi

nhau bi glucan

glucan lmtng nht ca dch ng v bia gy

cn tr qu trnh lc


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Thu phn protein

Thu phn protein nh enzym protease.

Protein b phn ct dn thnh cc mch nh hn v to thnh cc acid amin.

Cc hp cht cao phn t to thnh trong qu trnhthy phn protein li tip tc b phn ct cho nn thi gian to thnh chng khng cn ko di, c bit lcc cht keo,to bt b phn hy cngnhit .

Giithch quy trnh


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Lc bTch dch ng hay dch hm vi v v nhng phn ni nh ca ht khng tan. Ngoi ra, loi b nhng cht

khng mong mun nh: kim loi nng, tanin,

Nu vi hoa houblon

n nh thnh phn v to cho bia c mi thm v v ng c trng ca hoa houblon.

Giithch quy trnh


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Loi b cn, cht huyn ph v hoa houblon. To iu kin thun li cho vi sinh vt hot ng

Lc trong

Lm lnh

To nhit thch hp cho vi sinh vt ln men hot ng.

Giithch quy trnh


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Ln men chnh

Chuyn ho cccht ho tan trong dch ng thnh

C2H5OH, CO2 v cc sn phm ph khc (sinh tng hp trong qu trnh hot ng sng ca t bo nm men) to thnh bia theo yucu k thut v cht lng thnh phm.

Giithch quy trnh


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Ln menph

Tip tc ln menphn cht kh cn stli sau lnmen chnh, bo ha CO2 v tng cng mi v chobia, thc hin qu trnh chn ca bia (n nh cht lng bia), lm trong bia;a bia v nhit thp hn ch s xm nhp v ph hy ca visinh vt.

Giithch quy trnh


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Litm

Lm trong bia Tch cn l lng, tch cc t bo nm men sng vxc t bo non

Tng gi tr cm quan, n nh thnh phn c hc,lm tng bn sinh hc, bn keo ca bia

Phngphp

Lc

Lng

Giithch quy trnh


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Bo ha CO2

CO2 b sung vophi m bo khng cha O2 vvi sinhvt tp nhim

Cc cngon lm vic nhit cao v psut thp lm hm lng CO2 gim

CO2 c b sung vo bianh cc ng ng dn di kt hp vi ccon ni m ha tan vo bia.

Giithch quy trnh

h h h


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Chit chai v thanh trng Bia sau khi bo ha CO2 phi c chit chai ngay

Khng tn tht bia Rt lng

Khng nh hng cht lng

Yucu

Giithch quy trnh


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Ứng Dụng Enzyme Trong Sản Xuất Rượu Bia

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