TW- CIM 150 1 - OMF · to attest the heroism and self‐denying labours of the missionary body. You...
Transcript of TW- CIM 150 1 - OMF · to attest the heroism and self‐denying labours of the missionary body. You...
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從愛丁堡到開普敦
普世宣教運動- 趨勢與挑戰
The Global Missions MovementsTrends and challenges
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普世宣教趨勢與挑戰Global Missions Movements
宣教觀念• Mission concepts
宣教現況• Mission trends
宣教工人• Missionary workers
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愛丁堡會議1910Edinburgh Conference 1910
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愛丁堡宣教會議Edinburgh Conference 1910
把福音傳到非基督教的地區 (跨文化)Carrying the gospel to all the non-Christian world
教會與宣教工場The Church in the Mission Field
宣教士的裝備The Preparation of missionaries
宣教士的差派模式Models of Sending missionary workers
合作夥伴與推動合一Cooperation and the promotion of unity
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愛丁堡會議 Edinburgh Conference 1910
檢討1910會議
• 主要是西方家宣教領袖的會議• Majority from the Western World
• 沒非洲,拉丁美洲領袖的參與, 亞洲領袖極少• No African, Latin American leaders, only few Asian leaders
• 對福音廣傳,充滿信心 [自負?]• Confident or Over-confident?
–“Evangelization of the world in this generation”• 在這世代,把福音傳到地極
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愛丁堡會議1910• 檢討1910會議
Professor Andrew Walls-
“The Edinburgh conference did not expect the Asian leaders to make any significant contribution [at the conference].”
“愛丁堡會議沒有期待亞洲教會領袖在會議上
有很大的貢獻”
“From the West to the rest”“從西方到遠方”[the powerful to the powerless]
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愛丁堡會議1910
V.S. Azariah, an Indian pastor, said
Azariah 牧師:
「 印度的教會非常感激和尊敬那些作出偉大貢獻的[西方]宣教士。他們奉獻一切財產,讓我們吃飽;奉獻他們的身體,甚至願意被焚;但我們更需要的是愛,是友誼。」
“Through all the ages to come the Indian church will rise up in gratitude to attest the heroism and self‐denying labours of the missionary body. You have fed the poor. You have given yourself to us. You have given your bodies to be burned. We also ask for love. Give us FRIENDS!””
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The First Lausanne Congress on World Evangelisation (1974)
“Let the earth hear His voice”
第一次洛桑福音會議 (1974)“願全地聽到他的聲音”
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第一次洛桑福音會議 (1974)“願全地聽到他的聲音”(1)“Let the earth hear His voice”
“The whole church bringing the whole gospel to the whole world”- the unfinished task of evangelization
“全教會把整全的福音帶到全世界”-尚沒完成的使命
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第一次洛桑福音會議 (1974)“願全地聽到他的聲音”(2)“Let the earth hear His voice”
•The Lausanne Spirit- 洛桑運動的精神Marked by evangelical penitence rather than by evangelical triumphalism, a spirit of humility and a spirit of penitence.認罪的心態而非凱旋的心態。一顆謙卑痛悔的心
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第一次洛桑福音會議 (1974)“願全地聽到他的聲音”(3)
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shifted global mission strategy from a focus on political boundaries to a focus on distinct people groups which have not been reached with the gospel message.
宣教策略從國界地域的觀念變爲福音未得群體的觀念
Ralph Winter
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第一次洛桑福音會議 (1974)“願全地聽到他的聲音”(4)
整全的福音- 福音與社會關懷的關係
•“Evangelism is primary…The church is God’s appointed means of spreading the gospel.”•傳福音是首要的。神把這傳福音的重任交托給教會。
•“We express penitence both for our neglect of our Christian social responsibility. We affirm that evangelism and social involvement are both part of the Christian duty….Faith without work is dead.”
•為過去我們忽略了社會的責任,我們感到痛悔。我們認定傳揚福音與社會責任都是基督徒的應有的本分。信心沒有行爲是死的。
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第一次洛桑福音會議 (1974)“願全地聽到他的聲音”
傳揚福音與社會關懷的關係
“Reconciliation with man Is not reconciliation with God, nor is social action evangelism, nor is political liberation salvation. Nevertheless…. however, both active evangelistic and social involvement are necessary expression not only of our doctrines of God and man, but also our love for our neighbor and our obedience to Jesus Christ.
“與人和好不等同與神和好,社會關懷不等同傳揚福音,獲得政治的自由不等於救恩。但是,積極傳揚福音與社會關懷……是爲了遵守主耶穌的吩咐,去[愛神]及去愛我們的鄰舍。”
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世界華人福音運動The CCCOWE Movement《華人教會,天下一心, 廣傳福音, 直到主臨》
–1976年,4,000所海外華人教會中,約只有100所積極參與跨文化差傳事工。1974- only 100 out of 4000 Chinese Churches are involved in global mission
-現今全球海外華人教會9000餘所,約1000所教會以不同形式參與普世差傳事工2012- 1000 out of 9000 Overseas Chinese Churches are involved in global mission
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Lausanne III Congress2010
第三次洛桑會議
Cape Town Commitment開普敦承諾
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The Third Lausanne Congress洛桑第三次會議 (開普敦)
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The message of reconciliation
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2Cor5:19 “that is, in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself,….”
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• 1974 The Lausanne Covenant (洛桑信約)
• 1989 The Manila Manifesto ( 馬尼拉的宣言)
• 2010 The Cape Town Commitment(開普敦的承諾)
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The Cape Town Commitment開普敦承諾
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The Cape Town Commitment
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The key word of “love”• We love Because God first loved us• We love the Living God• We love God the Father, the Son and
the Holy Spirit• We love God’s Word• We love God’s World• We love the Gospel of God• We love the People of God• We love the Mission of God
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我們愛神的話語我們愛神的世界
We love God’s WordWe love God’s world
Connecting the Word to the World
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整全的福音使命 (CTC p.29)Rather, in integral mission our proclamation has social consequences as we call people to love and repentance in all areas of life. And our social involvement has evangelistic consequences as we bear witness to the transforming grace of Jesus Christ.
宣講福音一定帶來社會的改變。同時我們進入人群,積極服侍,必定帶來傳福音的機會,兩者互相影響
If we ignore the world, we betray the Word of God which sends us out to serve the world. If we ignore the Word of God, we have nothing to bring to the world.’
若果我們忽略世界,我們就對神的話語不忠。若果我們忽略了神的話語,我們就沒有任何信息給世界。
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Cape Town Commitment開普敦承諾
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The world is a holistic mess that it is
in desperate need of a holistic gospel. Chris Wright
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整個世界一團糟,需要一個整全福音
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整全宣教 Ultimacy of Mission
如果沒有分享神的話語,沒有勸人悔改,沒有勸人
隨耶穌,信靠基督,順服基督,這不是完整的宣教,
也不是整全的宣教
“Mission may not always begin with evangelism. But mission that does not ultimately include declaring the Word and the name of Christ, the call to repentance, and faith and obedience has not completed its task. It is defective mission, not holistic mission.“
Chris Wright
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The Lordship of Jesus
Matthews 28:18-20
Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations….”
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馬太福音 28章
• 18 耶 穌 進 前 來 , 對 他 們 說 : 天 上 地 下所 有 的 權 柄 都 賜 給 我 了 。 19 所 以, 你們 要 去 , 使 萬 民 作 我 的 門 徒 , 奉 父 、子 、 聖 靈 的 名 給 他 們 施 洗 ( 或 作 : 給他 們 施 洗 , 歸 於 父 、 子 、 聖 靈 的 名 )。 凡 我 所 吩 咐 你 們 的 , 都 教 訓 他 們 遵守 , 我 就 常 與 你 們 同 在 , 直 到 世 界 的末 了 。
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The five marks of mission宣教的五個向度
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Anglican LambethConference 1988
傳揚福音
真理教導
慈憐服侍公義
關愛受造世界
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Dr Chris Wright
建立教會 服侍社群
關愛受造世界
宣教的三個向度
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門徒導向的宣教
大 衛 在 世 的 時 候 遵 行 了 神 的 旨 意, 就 睡 了. (徒13:36)
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大使命的再思
• 馬太福音28:18-20
• 所有的權柄 (All Authority)
• 使萬民作我的門徒 (All Nations)
• 凡我吩咐你們的,都教訓他們 (All teaching)
• 我就常與你同在 (All the time)
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大使命的再思
• 馬太福音28:18-20
• 所有的權柄 (All Authority)
“若基督不是全然的主,他就全然不是主”
戴德生
“If Jesus is not Lord of all, he is not Lord at all.” Hudson Taylor
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宣教理念 mission concepts
過去50年影響我們的一些重要宣教理念:
Key mission concepts in the past 50 years全教會把整全福音傳到全世界 The whole church bringing the whole gospel to the whole world
從國界地域轉移到民族群體的福音需要 From political boundaries to people group concepts
神的話語與神的世界-傳揚福音與社會關懷 Connecting God’s word with God’s world
-生命的主權- 門徒導向的跨文化宣教 Discipleship - orientated mission
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普世宣教趨勢與挑戰Global Missions Movements
宣教觀念• Mission concepts
宣教現況• Mission trends
宣教工人• Missionary workers
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不同地區宣教士的差派The Sending of Missionaries by Continent
0
20
40
60
80
100
2050204020302020201020001993197519681962195719521949192519111902
% o
f all
mis
sion
arie
s
Eu
NA
Pa As
LA
Af
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非洲,南美洲,亞洲宣教士的崛起The Growth of AfAsLA Missionary Numbers
0
20
40
60
80
100
2050204020302020201020001993197519681962195719521949192519111902
8%
57%46%
30%
13%
79%
% o
f all
mis
sion
arie
s
Eu
NA
Pa As
LA
Af
AfAsLA
Projection
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大使命的再思
• 馬太福音 (Matt) 28:18-20
• 所有的權柄 (All Authority)
• 使萬民作我的門徒 (All Nations)
• 凡我吩咐你們的,都教訓他們 (All teaching)
• 我就常與你同在 (All the time)
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萬民:所有的民族 (All peoples)
• 群體 (people groups)-族裔 (ethnic groups)-語系 (language groups)-宗教群體 (religious groups)-社會群體 (marginalized groups)
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Who needs to hear?
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10/40之窗
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普世福音運動Christians, Evangelicals and World Evangelization
over 50
Under 0.50.5–55–50
% Christian
Patrick Johnstone The Future of the Global Church 2012
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50
People group and affinity bloc未得之民 12000群體 與 15個相關群體
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51
The world by population
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福音未得之地 the unreached
Af As Eu LA NA Pa
Non-Evangelical Christians [OW]
1900
2000
Evangelized non-Christians [WCD]
Evangelicals [OW]
Unevangelized [WCD]
Measuring by Continent
Source:Patrick Johnstone The Future of the Global Church 2011
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2012 Statistics by David Barrett
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%
The 21st Century Will be Urban
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貧窮的世界 The world of the poor
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“你們既做
在這弟兄中一個最小的身上,就是做在我的身上了...”馬太福音 Matt25:40
破碎的世界-愛的服侍
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苦難的世界 the world of suffering
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帶給盼望的信息
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The Creative Access World
創啓地區的挑戰
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東亞群體 East Asia’s peoples
開放OPEN 創啓CAN
3.1億 15億 (80%)
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所有的民族 All peoples
• Islamic people 回教的世界
• Buddhists 佛教影响的世界
• Hindus 印度教及泛靈敬拜的世界
• Chinese 同胞-普世華人
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2050
2040
2030
2020
2915
2010
2003
2000
1995
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1960
1950
1940
1930
1920
1910
1900
50
100
150
200
250
Cou
ntry
tot
al創啓地區 Countries and Freedom 1900–2050
Partly Free;Muslim Sharia
Communist
Nazi/Fascist Muslim Autocracies; Sharia law
Free Countries;Full Democracies
Colonies;SubjugatedTerritories
Tyrannies
Partly Free;Dependent Territories
Partly Free
Dictatorships
Source: Patrick Johnstone
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啓動新步伐
63
最關鍵的問題…乃是我們如何化解這長達千百年的歷史心結,如何醫治創傷,化解誤會,使人心復合。
人民必須親身體驗基督教的真神是一位慈愛,公義,有能力的神。最重要的是,他定意要賜福世人。他不但關心主流社會,也關心弱小群體,每個家族,家庭及個人。
《啓動新步伐》 46頁
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祝福萬民的使命 Blessing to all nations
祝福萬民•我必叫你成爲大國,我必賜福給你,叫你的名為大,你也要叫別人得福…地上的萬族都要因你得福。創12章
–服侍最小•“我實在告訴你們:這些事你們既做在我的身上就是做在我的身上。”馬太福音25:4
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道成肉身,住在我們中間,充充滿滿地有恩典,有真理。
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東亞回教徒群體- 40%東亞人口
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祝福萬民的使命
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“我們不是用暴力,侵略的行爲去爭戰,乃是在萬邦,[在回教徒當中]用愛心,淚水,艱辛,恩慈去贏取眾人的心靈。”“not a battle of brutality, aggression… but a battle
for the hearts and souls of all - fought with love, tears, suffering and grace among the nations.” (Mak: 華福 2006)
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Mission is always from the position of weakness
Living under the Cross – John Stott
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弱勢永遠是宣教事奉的起點斯托得《活在十字架之下》
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福音的信息是和好的信息
The gospel message is the message of reconciliation
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Gansu hospital
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William Borden Memorial Hosptial
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和好的信息
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宣教現況- 神開的門
流動人口Diaspora people
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民族遷移的現象,在聖經中經常出現。
這聖經觀念幫助我們了解[今天]宣教的契機。“The theme of pilgrimage, of a people always mobile and moving on, is
prominent throughout the Bible and is important to the understanding of the Christian mission.”
David Smith, Against the Stream: Christianity and mission in an age of globalization
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香港印尼女傭
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華人在非洲
Total >1 MS. Africa 300,000Angola 40-100,000Zambia 80,000Nigeria 50,000Chad 40,000
Namibia 40,000Mauritius 35,000
Madagascar 30,000Sudan 19,000Algeria 10,000
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Mission TrendMission from everywhere to everywhere
普世宣教-從各方(萬邦)到各族(萬族)
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亞洲宣教運動 Asian Missionary Movements
• 亞洲跨文化宣教士
– 1000 in 1972 (Dr Bong Ring Ro)
– 21,000 in 1990– 67,000 in 2000
78
Year No. of Korean missionaries韓國宣教士
No. of Countries of service服侍國家
1979 93 26
1989 1178 72
1996 4402 138
2006 14,905 160
2010 >21,500 >160
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宣教現況與趨勢帶來的反思mission trends and implications:• 非西方地區信徒在普世宣教的角色• The role of Christians from the majority world in global
mission• 創啓地區的挑戰與祝福萬民的使命• Creative Access Ministries and Blessing to all Nations• 流動人口的福音契機• The challenge and opportunity of diaspora ministry• 穆斯林群體的需要與道成肉身的使命• Serving among the Muslim people• 亞洲宣教運動與華人教會的夥伴關係• Asian missionary movements and the Chinese Church• 昔日從西方到遠方到現在從萬邦到萬族• From the “West to the Rest” to “From everywhere to
everywhere”79TW- CIM 150
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普世宣教趨勢與挑戰Global Missions Movements
宣教觀念• Mission concepts
宣教現況• Mission trends
宣教工人• Missionary workers
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整個教會把整全的福音傳到整個世界
THE WHOLE CHURCH BRINGING THE WHOLE GOSPEL TO THE WHOLE WORLD
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“你們要去…”
所有的工人(the whole church)
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The whole church bringing the whole gospel to the whole world
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Allocating our
resources for mission
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所有的工人 (神的子民)
• 開荒, 傳道, 植堂, 培訓 (Church planters)
• 傳遞真理: 生命教導 (Bible teachers)
• 巡迴,短期 (Itinerant workers)
• 全人服侍: 醫療, 扶貧等(Mercy ministry)
• 商貿,企業 (Entrepreneurs)
• 支援- 宣教士子女,危機輔導等 (Support)
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動員基督徒專業人士
支持宣教
跨國公司跨文化工人帶著天國使命的工人(missional business)
跨文化工人教會差派
傳統宣教教會差派
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動員基督徒專業人士
支持宣教跨文化
宣教使命公司差派
跨文化專業服事教會差派
傳統宣教教會差派
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5.國度的事奉- 長期參與
4. 深化:成爲我們的故事短期宣教/宣教體驗
3.宣教士的故事(宣教士見證)
2. 宣教歷史/華人宣教史
(宣教研究)
1.聖經整體的宣教歷史(教會教導與神學訓練)
參與神的宣教使命動員的模式-
宣教研究
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5. Kingdom Advance
4. Becoming their storiesShort term and long term mission
3. Stories of missionaries testimonies
Mission Story- History of mission- Beyond Western mission
2. Mission Story 1.
Bible stories of mission
Mobilisation Model
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亞洲宣教士興起Asian missionaries in OMF
Asian colleagues by % of Total Membership
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%D
ec-6
6D
ec-6
9D
ec-7
2D
ec-7
5D
ec-7
8D
ec-8
1D
ec-8
4D
ec-8
7D
ec-9
0D
ec-9
3D
ec-9
6D
ec-9
9D
ec-0
2
As of Dec 66 to Jun 03
% o
f Asi
an C
olle
ague
s40%
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亞洲宣教運動 Asian Missionary Movements
• 亞洲跨文化宣教士
– 1000 in 1972 (Dr Bong Ring Ro)
– 21,000 in 1990– 67,000 in 2000
90
Year No. of Korean missionaries韓國宣教士
No. of Countries of service服侍國家
1979 93 26
1989 1178 72
1996 4402 138
2006 14,905 160
2010 >21,500 >160
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亞洲-福音派信徒人數增長Evangelical Percentages 1960–2050
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非洲-福音派信徒人數增長Percentage Evangelicals in Africa by Region
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從福音進中華到福音出中華“gospel to China” to “gospel out of China”
Mission from the West to the RestTo
From everywhere to everywhere (Andrew Walls)
從各方(萬邦)到各族(萬族)
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福音夥伴 Partnership for the gospel
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「基督教沒有單一的大本營,宣教運動的中心亦不止一個。一個中心的興起,必會引發另一個的出現。今天的宣教是從萬邦到萬族。」
“The riches of a hundred places learning from each other. There is no one single centre of Christianity or one single
centre of missionary activity. One necessitates the other.”
安德魯.沃爾斯教授 Prof. Andrew WallsChristianity Today (February 2007)
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按別人的條件而活Living on terms set by others
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十字軍的心態 (crusader’s mode) 與宣教士的心態(missionary mode)大有分別。
十字軍的心態,首先會邀請別人接受福音,但到了最後,他會強逼別人跟從。但是真正宣教士的心態,雖然裏面自然的反應是勉強別人,但最後,會邀請、解釋、引用例證,給他人空間,把結果交托給神。
若我們不打算強逼,那我們就只能以生命的見證,悉心解釋,去贏取他們的聆聽。這需要我們在人群中被接
納,在他們當中有參與,而更重要的是按他們的條件在他們當中生活。
Andrew Walls ed. Mission in the 21st Century, 2008, p.197
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Evangelization• “To live on terms set by other people” (Andrew
Walls)
– The crusader mode and the missionary mode are sharply differentiated…The crusader may first issue his invitation to the Gospel but, in the end, he is prepared to compel. The missionary, even if his natural instinct is to desire compulsion, cannot compel, but only demonstrate, invite, explain, entreat, and leave the result with God…
– If there is no power to compel, the business of demonstrating and explaining requires the missionary to win a hearing. To do so usually involves learning a language and securing a place of acceptance, a niche within the society…the person needs to live on terms set by other people….We need first to work out what it means to live on others’ term…
– Andrew Walls ed. Mission in the 21st Century, 2008, p.197
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捨命的愛
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一九○一年十月十一日,義和團之亂平息後,山西省省長頒發一道敕令,在省內凡是內地會工作過或有同工遇難的地方,張貼以下公告:
「此內地會自資重建其教堂,遵從天下救主愛人若己之命,本官特此通令各方仕人官紳、軍民百姓,父勉其子、兄勉其弟,俱以何公(及內地會)為鑑,遵依耶穌所誨之忍讓寬恕。 山西省長親署,謹此。」
節錄自中國內地會刊物《億萬華民》China’s Millions 義和團之亂,1902:33, 36
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我們愛神的話語我們愛神的世界
We love God’s WordWe love God’s world
Connecting the Word to the Word
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普世宣教趨勢與挑戰Global Missions Movements
宣教觀念• Mission concepts
宣教現況• Mission trends
宣教工人• Missionary workers
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我實實在在的告訴你們, 一粒麥 子不落在地裡死了,仍舊是一粒, 若是死了,就結出許多子粒來.
(約12:24)
unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it
bears much fruit. (John 12:24)
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