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麻省理工學院教授陳敏

Prof. Min Chen, MIT

Lecture at University of Macau

April 24 , 2015

Tunghai-MIT-Teaching Model

TMM

大學教育的理想• 傳道、授業、解惑

• 教育執行和領導能力, 做更好的業務

• 精神生活教育: 如何前進，領導自己的生命, 勇於變革

• 毒油，米，水: 我會做什麼，如果我是一個年輕需要餵養家庭的員工?

• 用科學的方法，分析你做事的方式:

– 強忍內心的騷動去餵養家庭?

– 犧牲自己的情感去追求成功和金錢?

“回首向來蕭瑟處,也無風雨也無晴”

• 學問:上学是要学如何提问，此谓之“學问”

• 大學是通過深入的討論提高學生的智慧和邏輯，以開發知識。學課程不僅要傳授知識（傳道)，還要指導學生應用知識,解決未知（受業) 和他們的困惑 (解惑）

• “四書”:大學、中庸 （傳道 )

– 論語、孟子 (受業 ,解惑）

• 3種智能: 演繹

– 歸納

– 情商

Students

• Instead of sitting passively in class,

listening to lessons or waiting to be

questioned,

• There will be a more collaborative

approach, with students

• actively studying by themselves,

• taking part in discussions, working in

smaller groups to solve problems while

improving their understanding and

communication skills.

Massive Open Online Course

(MOOC)

• Online course aimed at unlimited free

participation and open access via the web

• One can study any where at any time

• Make the changes in education that are

necessary for industry and modern society.

• A different kind of education to prepare

people for working life.

“Young people use quite advanced

computers.”

Education for the 21 century

• In addition to Subject-specific lessons –

physics, math, history, language, geography etc.

• “Phenomenon” teaching – teaching by cross-

subject topics such as

– Graphene

– Nano devices

– European Union

– Method of discovery and invention

Subject-specific lessons –

physics, math, history, language,

geography etc.• Lewin typically spent 40 to 50 hours

preparing for each lecture, rehearsing the

50-minute production two or three times—

the last on the morning of class. His lecture

notes, which are preserved and proudly

displayed in a series of binders on his office

shelves, reveal an intense drive for both

precision and drama.

Subject specific 8.01x, 8.02x,

8.03x

• 94 course lectures in High Resolution

(8.01x, 8.02x and 8.03) all in High

Resolution

• 13 miscellaneous lectures

• 10 hr Help Sessions 8.01 (85 problems)10

hr Help Sessions 8.02 (58 problems)

• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiEHV

hv0SBMpP75JbzJShqw/playlists

• Most downloaded list: MIT-Levine, UCB-

Hubert Dreyfus (Philosophy), Stanford-

Leonard Susskind (QM), Yale-Astrophysics

with Charles Bailyn, Modern Poetry with

Langdon Hammer and Introduction to the

Old Testament with Christine Hayes.

• Compared Richard Feynman, iconic

brilliant scientist, larger than life and totally

accessible.

• “Through your inspiring video lectures i

have managed to see just how BEAUTIFUL

Physics is, both astounding and simple,” a

17-year-old from India e-mailed recently.

• Steve Boigon, 62, a florist from San Diego,

wrote, “I walk with a new spring in my step

and I look at life through physics-colored

eyes.”

• In his lectures at ocw.mit.edu, Professor

Lewin beats a student with cat fur

to demonstrate electrostatics.

• He rides a fire-extinguisher-propelled

tricycle across his classroom to show how a

rocket lifts off.

• “You are now my Scientific Father. In spite

of the bad occupation and war against my

lovely IRAQ, you made me love USA

because you are there and MIT is there.”

• Professor Lewin revels in his fan mail and

in the idea that he is spreading the love of

physics. “Teaching is my life,” he said.

• Teaching required courses made him realize

“that what really counts is to make them

love science.”

• He said he spent 25 hours preparing each

new lecture, choreographing every detail

and stripping out every extra sentence.

• “Clarity is the word,” he said.

“Phenomenon”

• Fit for the 21st century.”

• For education to promote character,

resilience and communication skills, rather

than just pushing students through “exam

factories”.

• With input from more than one subject

specialist.

“Phenomenon” Courses

edX463 courses

MITx

11.127x

Design and Development

of Games for Learning

Starts: April 1, 2015

MITx

15.662x

The American Dream

for the Next Generation

Starts: March 23, 2015

ChalmersX

ChM001x

Introduction to Graphene

Science and Technology

Starts: March 23, 2015

PurdueX

nano520x

Fundamentals of

Nanoelectronics

Starts: March 26, 2015

石墨烯 Graphene,碳納米管

• 石墨烯是二維的，單原子厚的材料

• Carbon nanotubes, 碳納米管

• 建築物的石墨塊，

• 比鋼強200倍

• 導電性比銅更好1000倍

MITx

3.15x

Electrical, Optical, Magnetic

Materials and Devices

Starting Soon

Starts: April 8, 2015

TsinghuaX

40050455x

Water and Wastewater

Treatment Engineering

PekingX

04831750.2x

Fundamental Algorithms |

算法基础Starts: April 26, 2015

Legitimacy of on-line degrees

anti-cheating technology

• Uses webcams to scan students’ face and

knuckles to verify identities before tests

• Monitor computer and record video

• Prevents opening apps or web browsers

during online exams

• Proctors students remotely over webcams

• Scans exam papers for copied passages

• Changes positions or lighting can flag false

violation!

Goals of TMM

• “Subject and phenomenon-based teaching”

• Playful solutions to students’ learning,”

• Philosophy: “We want students to learn in

active, happy, relaxed and inspired

atmosphere.”

• “Joyful learning”. More collaboration and

communication between students to develop

creative thinking skills.

How Do You Say Global

Competition?

• Global competition is real

• Languages are increasingly important

• Everyone must learn English and Chinese

• + one additional foreign language:

• Most useful ones are Arabic, German, and Indian.

• English is the business language of the world, but

only minimal information is translated

• With English, you get a partial picture

Collaboration between

THU Physics and MIT Physics

• edX is mature and reliable for MOOCs

• Each course developed by a team of specialists

• Completed with lectures, new HW and exams

• Weak points of edX and MOOC:

• Lack of in-person discussions,

• Credits are not recognized

TMM at Tunghai

• Collaboration confirmed 4/2013

• First trial: summer course on MIT

Mechanics Review

• 8.01x Mechanics in fall

• 8.02x E&M in springs

• Two full-tuition scholarships

• 70% entrance level, ~10% reach

MIT level

科技及社會人文趨勢:TMM: Tunghai-MIT Teaching Model

教育的理想• 傳道、授業、解惑

• 教育執行和領導能力, 做更好的業務

• 精神生活教育: 如何前進，領導自己的生命, 勇於變革

• 華爾街付學者/政客去捍衛華爾街

(Today’s NY Times)

• 毒油，米，水: 如果我是一個年輕需要餵養家庭的員工,我會做什麼?

• 用科學的方法，分析你做事的方式:

– 強忍內心的騷動去餵養家庭?

– 犧牲自己的情感去追求成功和金錢?

TMM: Tunghai-MIT-Teaching Model • Select edX courses to study 傳道

• Tunghai adds Chinese subtitles 傳道

• Teachers/Students study by themselves傳道

• Students develop ability to question 授業

• Intense in-class discussions sessions 解惑

• On-line homework 授業

• In class exams timed together with the start

of edX on-line exams 授業

• Lab , report/paper-writing 授業

• Students get both Tunghai and edX credits

edX is better than MIT OCW

• Higher resolution

• Team developed

• The HW and exams in edX are renewed each

year while they remain the same for OCW

• edX has on-line alive discussion, HW and

exams

• edX contains a lot more courses from other 1st

rate universities

TMM model three components

傳道, 授業, 解惑• Prof. Walter Lewin’s open courses: well documented;

• Tunghai added subtitles and additional

and explanations in Chinese.

• To practice knowledge: we follow up lectures with timed and

proctored exercises, quizzes, experiments, exams and oral exams

to ensure students learn how to apply the knowledge acquired.

• To solve the unknown or puzzles related to these courses.

• In this model, Tunghai uses MIT MOOCs for THU SPOCs

with flipped classroom and proctored exams, and successful

students will earn both THU’s credits and a completion

certificate from Lewin.

End of TMM

How have the operationalization and implementation o

f this model been? During the process, did you modif

y any part of this model or gain valuable insights to en

rich this model?

In this process, what were the technical challenges fro

m the THU side (and the MIT side)?

For THU future courses continuing with this mode

l, for faculty members, in preparing for their course

s, they need to learn MIT faculty’s course content and

exercises, and they need to be able to explain the

content and direct class discussions during face‐to‐face sessions. Will that make the faculty (a) feel

uncomfortable and (b) not willing to participate becaus

e of the extra time required? (4)

In terms of the exam time and proctoring, it seems that

during the hours where the quiz/exam questions just

get released it is not the best time period (9pm‐12am) i

n Taiwan for students to work on questions and profes

sors to proctor. Are there plans for MIT professor to m

5.

Currently the TMM model is mainly MIT provides an

d THU receives. Not necessary, since MIN is partly

MIT and partly Tunghai and Tunghai is developing

this TMM at full speed.

(1)

In the future, will this become a two‐way street? If yes

, how? Yes, it will become a two street as Tunghai

will feed back its experience via Min back to MIT.

(2)

In order for both TMM to sustain and THU‐MIT’s coll

aboration to become a long term and mutually benefic

ial relationship, will you be developing a business plan

6.

What are next steps for Tunghai and MIT’s collaborati

on? Establish an MOU and a business partnership.

7.

Any other thoughts/comments on MOOCs in general a

nd/or TMM in particular?

MOOCs are for individuals while TMM is for

universities and colleges. TMM will be the future of

how most universities will operate.

Resistance

• 東海李建昆教授有趣的火車例子:

“用開日本「新幹線」的速度，拉東海這輛古董列車”

• 古董屬於博物館而不是大學

• 迅速建立的澳門大學, 學習英國劍橋大學模式，可比日本大學發展快得多

• 劍橋大學是最古老的大學之一，但仍像MIT同樣優秀, 幾乎同以光速向前發展

• 東海必須更快改進

詩人反覆尋問的問題?

• 華爾街付學者/政客去捍衛華爾街

(Today’s NY Times)

3. “從大同世界到今日危機”

• 自然的永恆之美

2. 常變的世界

3種人類的智慧

• 1。發現的方法: 運用歸納法，創意智慧,非線性的,做跳躍式的結論

-- 為一般聽眾

• 2. 發明的方法:以直觀的方式，用演繹/分析/邏輯智慧,線性的;從自己的存在開始,強制推導出所有的新粒子和其偶合常數,

-- 對於物理學專業

• 3.人際情商: 對人的智力,能夠理解和感知他人， -- 對一般聽眾。

物理系具體說, 包括,•1.2013夏,領導全台灣開發MOOCS，如今已經5個學期

•2. 2013年12月,發展東海-MIT的網絡教學模式，使MOOCS學分得由所有大學公認.世界第一.

•3. 2014年1月，台灣第一次Moocs會議於東海舉行，領先所有台灣大學，

•4. 2014年2月,率領台灣8個大學學隊來學習MIT MOOCS

•5. 2014年，提交“在極端惡劣天氣的飛機安全著陸系統向中國，台灣和美國申請專利。世界第一.

旅行者1號飛船飛往太陽系外由收到星際輻射壓力碰撞

旅行者1號兩次收到星際輻射碰撞

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對社會人文的新世界觀– Paying attention to other realities of the situation,

going from narrow-gazing to a broad focus

– Distribute power, via Smart Phones; Computers; Internet

– increase production of tangible goods and services, lower paper pyramids of credit derivatives, return money to being a medium to achieve improved means of production, not an end objective in and of itself.

– 注意實際情況，從窄凝視去廣泛焦點, 檢查(商,政,學)在做什麼

– 分配能力，通過智能手機，電腦，互聯網– 增加生產有形商品和服務，減少信用衍生品的

金字塔，返回錢作為媒介來實現其本身的生產改進，錢不是最終目標。

世界能源消費

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乾旱

洪水溫度上升攝氏1度,大雨增加100％

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社會趨勢:the oldest millennials are in their early 30s

— nowhere near peak earning years

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Peak spenders vs Market

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社會趨勢:World

demography

distribution

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US demography distribution

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Taiwan & China

demography distribution

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•移民:使美國保持年輕- 比日本，歐洲，中國和俄羅斯年輕- 提供美國經濟全球無與倫比的 “活力”•世界博士工廠：美國擁有世界20所頂級的大學/研發机构中的17所•沒有產業支撐，沒有人流物流集聚，基礎設施建設和房地產開發，投資建设是不可持續的

與美國比較:

科技及社會人文趨勢

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3種人類的智慧，

• 1。發現的方法: 運用歸納法，創意智慧，非線性的,做跳躍式的結論 -- 為一般聽眾

• 2. 發明的方法:以直觀的方式，用演繹/分析/邏輯智慧,線性的;從自己的存在開始,強制推導出所有的新粒子和其偶合常數,

-- 對於物理學專業

• 3.人際情商: 對人的智力,能夠理解和感知他人，-- 對一般聽眾。

頁岩氣 和 世界和平

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我安裝屋頂太陽能電池板，7個月减少15000磅二氧化碳的产生

科技及社會趨勢

重要技術發展趨勢

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Live in Crisis

• 人心惟危，Greed for instant commissions

+ Herd Fear 犇 damage world economy,

• 道心惟微；Common logic and sense lost

• 惟精惟一，Stick to one precision principle

• 允执厥中。Be moderate and balanced

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Ideal Society requires Mencius’

Self-discipline

• 故天将降大任於斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。

• 人恒过，然后能改；困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。 然后知

生于忧患，而死于安乐也。

科技趨勢:危機是創造發明，突破之機會:技術和基本因素, 需求相結合

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•頁岩氣/油, 太空生產，（海洋）採礦, …•3D扫描、打印，立體电晶体•智能設備:

• 看，聽，嗅，隱形裝置，…• 眼鏡,手錶，衣服，皮膚，身體，…• 車，房， 社區 ....• 迷你無人機，潛艇，....• 食物 ， DNA ，細菌，...

•了解和治療癌症•了解和促進生命•生物分子如何在擁擠的細胞找到自己的方式？如何自組成類似的模式？

Mini insect robots

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我UCB的小學妹回憶:

我曾經作研究助理，博士後和研究科學家。開始時每週工作100個小時，往往只有半薪，遠低於最低工資標準,为了支持我的家人，抚养孩子，并且还要经常捐贈給許多我負責的組織，我不得不很節儉。曾經在女洗手間的床上或課桌上睡覺, 靠吃豬油拌飯生存, 僅僅是一個勤勞和節儉的中國人。但在最後， 通過薪金和投資, 我成為美國最富的1％的人。

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至人無法、大象無形，以舞躍動「天下三大行書」

Where calligraphy flows into dance

天下三大行書:王羲之《蘭亭集序》,顏真卿《祭姪文稿》,蘇軾《寒食帖》

仰觀宇宙之大，俯察品類之盛

《蘭亭集序》王羲之

王羲之出生世家，才氣

縱橫，故能獨善其身，天人合一，因之不是一般人所能模仿的。

顏真卿《祭姪文稿》

顏真卿一介書生，卻堪稱中流砥柱，堅守孤城，抵擋安史叛軍，可謂智,仁,勇俱全，然而最後竟被奸臣陷害，去勸降北方叛軍，他本可以藉口不去勸降，但他卻毅然決然，明知不可為而為之，終被叛軍所殺。我們能說他情商不高嗎？

蘇軾《寒食帖》蘇東坡忠於國家，因新政擾民太甚而反對，遂被新黨排斥，等到舊黨當權，盡廢新政，他正確地指出國家政策不能朝令夕改，且有些新政既已勞民，卻具成效，不應盡廢除，遂被舊黨排斥。在新舊黨輪番打擊下，最終發配蠻荒，妻兒相繼病死。他自己死於返鄉途中。我們讀東坡的文章，可以看到他的文章通情達理。我們能說他情商不高嗎，他難道不知迎合權貴？

科技及社會人文趨勢:TMM: Tunghai-MIT Teaching Model

教育的理想

• 學問:上学是要学如何提问此谓之“學问”

• 大學是通過深入的討論提高學生的智慧和邏輯，以開發知識。學課程不僅要傳授知識（傳道)，還要指導學生應用知識,解決未知（受業) 和他們的困惑 (解惑）

• “四書”:大學、中庸 （傳道 )

– 論語、孟子 (受業 ,解惑）

• 3種智能: 演繹,歸納,情商

“我們唯一恐懼就是恐懼本身”—JFK

“我每天生活在危機中,解決危機使人類

進步”----史蒂夫·喬布斯

• 危機是危險的:只有當我們既聾又瞎• 解決危機需要勇氣和知識

End

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