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VITANIN E.vitamin e is a potent antioxidant and has an ability to modulate

host immune functions.in addition,vitamin e is an important nutrient for

maintaining the immune system,especialyn in the elderly ( moriguchi dan

muraga !!!". In vitamin E de#ciency most of the immuneparameters sho$

a do$n$ard trend,$hich is associated $ith increased infectious diseases and

tumors. In contrast,vitamin E supplementation has various bene#cial e%ects

on the host immune system. The decrease in cellular immunity $ith ageing

or during the development of degenerative diseases is mar&edly improved

by the inta&e of a hight vitamin E diet.in addition, vitamin E plays a role in

the di%erentiation of immature T cells in the thymus.vitamin c.recent

scienti#c data indicate that important functions of the body, such as several

indexes of immune response,incluiding response,on delayet'type'

hypersensivity s&ins tests,antibody production ,lymphocyte proliferation ,and

numbers of the of the speci#c subgroups of $hite blood c$lls ( grimbel

))*".polmonary function and iron absorption are related to vitamin +inta&es.in addition,epidemiological studies support the hypothesis that

vitamin + plays a critical and bene#cial role in the prevention of coronary

heart diseases (+-" cancer and cataract it has been reported thath an

inta&e of at least !'!! mg per day of vitamin + is a capable of enhancing

theses function ( $eber et al ))/"

0ther$ise, ascorbict acid (a po$erful antioxidant" has been sho$n to exert

anti'in1amantory e%ects in human and animal studies. -ietary

supplementation $ith ascorbic acid enhances a number of aspects of

iymphoeyte function, and this e%ect is most apparent in the elderly.

0n the other hand, the role of oral vitamin + in the prevetion and treatment

of colds is controversial, and there appears to be a modest bene#t in

reducing duration of cold symptoms from ingestion of relatively high doses of

vitamin +. The dose 2 therapeutic bene#t relationship needs further

exploration (-ouglas et al,!!!".

-evelopment of functional foods in Europe is crucial aspect and at the same

time a scienti#c challenge that must progress based on reiable scienti#c

evidence $hich studies the possible modulation that food components exertover the physiological functions that have been outlined throughout this

article. o$ever, functional foods are not universal3 it is necessary to

consider local aspects $hen tal&ing about food consumption. As it is

assumed for 4normal5 food, functional foods must be integrated into cultural

and habitual dietary patterns. Nevertheless the overinta&e o%unctional foods

could lead to a ne$ nutritional imbalance. The most convenient message

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should be oriented to$ards a functionaln diet, high in functional food

components, $ith functional foods as an additional health bene#t. It is

important to establish the dynamic interactions bet$een component of the

total diet and of the functional foods. Therefore, and in order to #ne out the

actual e%ects,to chec& the precise bioavailability of those nutrients included

in functional foods and to establish $ho can get bene#ts from functional food

consumption and ho$, it is necessary to identify biological mar&ers, as $ell

as genetic and environmental factors.

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VITANIN E.vitamin e adalah antio&sidan &uat dan memili&i &emampuan untu&

memodulasi tuan &e&ebalan functions.in 6elain itu, vitamin e merupa&an

nutrisi penting untu& men7aga sistem &e&ebalan tubuh, especialyn pada

orang tua (8origuchi -an muraga !!!". -alam &e&urangan vitamin E

sebagian besar immuneparameters menun7u&&an tren menurun, yang

berhubungan dengan pening&atan penya&it menular dan tumor. 6ebali&nya,

suplemen vitamin E memili&i berbagai efe& menguntung&an pada sistem

&e&ebalan tubuh inang. 9enurunan imunitas seluler dengan penuaan atau

selama per&embangan penya&it degeneratif yang nyata diting&at&an dengan

asupan vitamin E hight 6elain diet.in, vitamin E berperan dalam diferensiasisel T de$asa di c.recent thymus.vitamin -ata ilmiah menun7u&&an bah$a

fungsi'fungsi penting tubuh, seperti beberapa inde&s dari respon imun,

incluiding respon, pada delayet'7enis'hypersensivity tes &ulit, produ&si

antibodi, proliferasi limfosit, dan 7umlah yang dari sub&elompo& tertentu

c$lls darah putih (grimbel ))*" fungsi .polmonary dan penyerapan :at besi

yang berhubungan dengan vitamin + inta&es.in 6elain itu, studi epidemiologi

mendu&ung hipotesis bah$a vitamin + memain&an peran penting dan

bermanfaat dalam pencegahan penya&it 7antung &oroner (9;

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seluruh arti&el ini. Namun, ma&anan fungsional tida& universal3 perlu

mempertimbang&an aspe&'aspe& lo&al &eti&a berbicara tentang &onsumsi

pangan. 6eperti diasumsi&an untu& =normal= ma&anan, ma&anan fungsional

harus diintegrasi&an &e dalam pola diet budaya dan &ebiasaan. Namun

ma&anan o%unctional overinta&e dapat menyebab&an &etida&seimbangan

gi:i baru. 9esan yang paling nyaman harus berorientasi pada diet

functionaln, tinggi dalam &omponen ma&anan fungsional, dengan ma&anan

fungsional sebagai manfaat &esehatan tambahan. al ini penting untu&

membangun intera&si dinamis antara &omponen dari diet total dan dari

ma&anan fungsional. 0leh &arena itu, dan untu& denda &eluar efe& yang

sebenarnya, untu& memeri&sa &etersediaan hayati yang tepat dari nutrisi

termasu& dalam ma&anan fungsional dan untu& menetap&an siapa yang bisa

mendapat&an manfaat dari &onsumsi ma&anan fungsional dan bagaimana,

perlu untu& mengidenti#&asi penanda biologis, serta geneti& dan fa&tor

ling&ungan.