Translated by: Heba Zakaryia Ismail Supervised by: Dr...

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The Islamic University of Gaza Community Service & Continuing Education Deanship Community Development Institute ميةسمعة الجا ا- غزةتعليمة المجتمع و الة خدم عماد المستمرعهد التنمية المجتمعية مTranslation of: Iron wall at Gaza Strip's Borders Foundational Juristic Study اسة: شرعية تأصيليةود قطاع غزة،درذي على حد الجـدار الفوA complementary Requirement for Graduation at High Professional Diploma in Translation Translated by: Heba Zakaryia Ismail Supervised by: Dr. Mohammed Mosheer Amer Assistant Prof. English Dep. Islamic University July 2013

Transcript of Translated by: Heba Zakaryia Ismail Supervised by: Dr...

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The Islamic University of Gaza

Community Service & Continuing

Education Deanship

Community Development Institute

غزة -الجامعة اإلسالمية

المستمر عمادة خدمة المجتمع و التعليم

معهد التنمية المجتمعية

Translation of: Iron wall at Gaza Strip's Borders Foundational

Juristic Study الجـدار الفوالذي على حدود قطاع غزة،دراسة: شرعية تأصيلية

A complementary Requirement for Graduation at High Professional

Diploma in Translation

Translated by: Heba Zakaryia Ismail

Supervised by: Dr. Mohammed Mosheer Amer Assistant Prof. English Dep. Islamic University

July 2013

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Contents Abstract: ................................................................................................................................................... 2

Brief background: .................................................................................................................................... 3

Justification: ............................................................................................................................................. 4

Methodology: ........................................................................................................................................... 5

Expected Beneficiary Audience: .............................................................................................................. 6

Challenges: ............................................................................................................................................... 7

Some Translation Problems with Reference to the Text: ....................................................................... 10

Findings: ................................................................................................................................................ 12

Useful Terminology: .............................................................................................................................. 13

Translation references: ........................................................................................................................... 14

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Abstract:

This translation project tackles an academic research by Dr. Maher El Houli- Associate

Professor in Jurisprudence and its Foundations and Dean of Faculty of Islamic Sharia and

Law- entitled " Iron wall at Gaza Strip's Borders: Foundational Juristic study". In 2009, the

ousted Egyptian president Mubarak gave the orders to establish an iron wall on the Egyptian

borders with Gaza strip. The justification of this step was to stop smuggling through tunnels

from Egypt to Gaza strip; a step that has led to raising controversy not only in Egypt and the

Arab world but in the whole Islamic world. Being a Gazan Muslim scholar, the researcher has

to deal with this up-to-date issue on the Gazan scene but from a fundamental Sharia

perspective and clarify the opinion of Sharia with reference to the other respects. The

direction of translation is from Arabic to English as the text is originally written in Arabic.

Furthermore, the fabric of this text is an amalgam of religious and academic styles; mixing

verses of the holy Quran and the prophetic traditions with the facts, and figures on the ground.

In such variation in style and content, the translator, hence, has to vary in the style of writing

and the used method of translation in order to fit the context. Ensuring a professional

translation, the translation has gone through an accurate process that includes the phases of

data selection, literature review, building stock terms, draft translation and finally supervisor's

feedback. The translator, additionally, has encountered some problems due to the differences

between the Source Language and the Target Language. In this proposal, some of these

problems are going to be presented with reference to the text and how the translator handles

them.

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Brief background:

At the end of 2009, the toppled Egyptian regime has constructed a massive iron wall along its

border with the Gaza Strip, in a bid to shut down smuggling tunnels into the territory.

According to Haaretz, a well-known Israeli newspaper and the first to tackle this issue, the

wall is nine to 10 kilometers long, and goes 20 to 30 meters into the ground, which is

impossible to cut or melt. This move was justified by Egypt to step up its counter-smuggling

efforts (Issacharoff 2009). This has led to the eruption of people's anger in Palestine and

Egypt and both the Arab and Islamic worlds. Many political leaders, Muslim scholars and

think tanks condemned this step as it tightens the suffocating siege on Gaza strip and leads to

the deterioration of the human crisis there. To exemplify, Hassan Khreisheh, an independent

nationalist in the West Bank who is deputy speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council,

described the project as "a shame for the Egyptians" (Lynfield 2009).

On the other hand, the United States supported this procedure and Israel presented by Mark

Regev, a spokesman for Israeli PM, welcomed this. The former in an interview with the

Independent, an English leading newspaper, states “I cannot confirm what the Egyptians are

doing and not doing. But I can say over the last two months the Egyptians have been

enhancing their anti-smuggling efforts. We welcome that"(Lynfield 2009).

And while the circle of feeble condemnation was revolving, a million and a half Gazans were

living in a big prison with a heavy legacy of wreckage, victims and casualties of the Israeli

Operation Cast Lead. They were lacking the basic commodities and medical supplies in

addition to the current power cut and shortage of fuel. The toppled Egyptian regime of

Mubarak, instead of giving hand and aiding the devastated Gazans, added insult to injury by

tightening the siege via the construction the iron wall and making people’s misery unbearable.

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Justification:

Dr. El Houli , in this work, portraits the suffering of Gazans as a result of the siege and

the construction of the iron wall during Mubarak’s regime from various aspects i.e.

legal, commercial, humanitarian, psychological and environmental aspects.

The iron wall issue caused a dispute among Sharia scholars around the Arab and

Islamic world. To illustrate, some scholars -who were considered to be the regime

trumpeters-said it’s legal because it aims at defending Egyptian national security. On

the other hand, others considered it as a crime against the besieged population of Gaza

already suffering the Israeli siege. Through this academic and juristic research, Dr. El

Houli tries to refute the allegations of the first group by providing evidence from both

Islamic law (Sharia) and international conventions.

This study provides an academic documentation for the suffering of Gazans in the

period (2009-2011) before the outbreak of the Arab Spring and during the reign of the

ousted president Mubarak. It sheds light on some brutal and unjustified procedures

practiced on Gaza strip that led to the aggravation of life there and the involvement of

some regional and international powers in this conspiracy.

Supported with sound legal and logical evidence, this research is considered to be a

reference for academic researchers in the field of Islamic law. To illustrate, it provides

a basis for Sharia scholars that can be used in judging any prospective similar steps

e.g. the proposal of constructing a separation wall on the borders between Saudi

Arabia and Yemen.

According to the demographic study by the Pew Research Center report of The Future

of the Global Muslim Population, as of 27 January 2011, the number of Muslim

population around the world is 1,619,314,000.Arab speaking people represent only

%15 of Muslims and they are mainly centered in the Middle East and North Africa.

Furthermore, the number of Organization of Islamic Cooperation members is 57 while

the number of Arab League members is 22. Putting into consideration the above

mentioned statistics and the fact that this text is originally written in Arabic, this

means that the target group is going to be only Arabic speaking Muslims. This means

that other interested Muslims are going to be deprived from reading this important

document and accordingly miss the chance to know the legal and humanitarian

situation in Gaza strip. The translation of this academic work into English, which is

the first language in the world, helps in raising awareness among Muslim audiences

about the humanitarian and legal conditions of Gaza in past and present, and

accordingly urges them to take action.

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Methodology :

Due to the religious spirit of the text, the translator follows the style of bound-free

translation. To illustrate, the translation is derived from the original and even if it has gone

very far beyond the context it’s still bound to the linguistic context (Ghazala:2003), a

practical approach of translation and considers the whole subject in terms of items

with discussion and examples. The original text is written in very formal Arabic, so the

direction of translation has been from Arabic to English .The translation work was

accomplished using the following methodology listed in the following steps :

1. Data Selection :

The needed material for translation, an academic research paper written by Dr. Maher El

Houli- Associate Professor in Jurisprudence and its Foundations and Dean of Faculty of

Islamic Sharia and Law at the Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) - titled " Iron wall at

Gaza Strip's Borders: Foundational Juristic Research" .It was selected as my translation

project as it tackles a critical era in the life of people in the Gaza Strip from a legal and

humanitarian perspective.

2. Literature Review:

This step included reviewing relevant literature to this project. Part of literature was to

get acquainted to the subject matter of related topics. The starting point was reading

articles, reports and papers related to the iron wall in both languages English and Arabic.

Second, because the text is rich in religious verses, Hadiths and terminology, the translator

endeavored to get acquainted with all available reliable resources covering this area in

English. Regarding the verses of the holy Quran, the interpretation of the meanings of

Quran by Yusuf Ali was approved as the main reference (Dar Al-Manar- Cairo). As for

the prophetic tradition, the translator relies on a set of references, basically on the

translation of the Forty Hadith An-Nawawis (Ezzeddin Ibrahim and Denys Johnson-

Davis: 1982) published under the sponsorship and supervision of Organization of Islamic

Cooperation Finally, the translator read the Sharia glossaries and references thoroughly

and created a list of common terminology and captured a lot of the rights and legal terms

from their original sources on the internet... etc. Full list of documents are listed in the

References section.

3. Building list of Terminology :

Through the literature review, the translator was able to build the project Glossary

items that were used across the project. After rigorous research in printed and electronic

references, this vital step was carried out in order to establish an agreed upon list of terms .

4. Translation process:

The translator followed the bound free style in dealing with the text. This step includes

reading thoroughly the Arabic source text, getting the message of the text and finally

reproducing of the meaning by using the closest utterances in the target language

(English) with reference to a wide collection of reliable resources and the agreed upon list

of Terminology. After that, the translator composed the project proposal including table of

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content, abstract, brief background, methodology, justification, expected beneficiary

audience, challenges and references.

5. Writing the project proposal:

After finishing the translation and the first draft, the translator worked relentlessly

on writing the proposal through the following steps:

Reading project samples which were so helpful for the translator such as

“Am I not a Human?” by Mahmoud Abu Jalambo and Mohammed

Shaaban (2009) and “Arabs in the Israeli Curriculums” by Mohammed

Suleiman and Islam Abdul Aziz (2011);

Citing the translation references, especially the electronic ones;

Working on the theoretical part of the proposal with reference to translation

books such as Translation as Problems and Solutions by Hassan Ghazala;

Collecting the proposal statistics and data via a range of internet resources,

basically Wikipedia;

Revising the proposal before handing it in to the supervisor.

6. Supervisor’s Feedback:

The project supervisor, Mr. Musher Amer, kindly reviewed the work and gave his

valuable corrections and feedback. After that, the researcher made the needed

modifications and turned over the final draft for final evaluation.

7. Final Draft:

An external supervisor receives the final draft and evaluates the project.

Expected Beneficiary Audience:

The Sharia scholars concerned about Sharia stance regarding some controversial

contemporary issues like the construction of the iron wall in non-speaking Arab

countries around the world;

Those interested in shedding the light on the siege of Gaza Strip and the Iron Wall as a

severe crime against humanity according to the International Law such as legal

specialists and human rights’ activists;

The Muslim and international community and pro-Palestinian activists around the

world.

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Challenges:

1. The nature of the text:

The source text is an academic religious text tackling the issue of Gaza siege from

juristic, legal and humanitarian angles .Translating such text needs a great effort because

it is a great challenge that require many talents i.e. background knowledge of Islam ,good

command of both English and Arabic and research skills . Skills of competancies enable the

translator to choose suitable equivalents to each expression and word. Another challenge is

retaining the style of the source language which isa mixture of scientific and literary style in

the target language. The translator has to convey the message and spirit of the original text in

English in order to create the same at the target audience. So, we usually followed some

stages to get the appropriate translation:

1. Analysis of the surface structure (grammatical) of the source language text.and the

deep structure (meaning);

2. Looking for the appropriate equivalences in the translator’s reliable resources and

references;

3. Transference of the analyzed material in the translator’s mind from source language

medium to the target language medium;

4. Re-structuring the transferred material in the translator’s mind into the target language

norms.

2. The choice of the translation of meanings of the holy Quran:

Since the original text is an academic juristic study, it’s rich in verses of the holy Quran.

The choice of the most appropriate version of translation was problematic and challenging

aseach one has been criticized by some scholars for having some flaws (Khaleel: 2005).

Therefore, the translator set the following selection criteria:

Approval by most of Muslim scholars Committees;

Spread among the English-speaking world;

Translated by professional and experienced translators.

These standards were in the The Noble Qur'an, also informally known as the Hilali-

Khan translation. First, both translators, Dr. Muḥammad Muḥsin Khān and Dr.

Muḥammad Taqiyyu-d-Dīn Al-Hilālī, were famous Islamic scholars and renowned for

their translations of Sahih Al Bukhari. Second, the work was sponsored by the Saudi

government and had a seal of approval from both the University of Medina and the Saudi

Dar al-Ifta. Third, this translation now is the most widely disseminated Qur'an in most

Islamic bookstores and Sunni mosques throughout the English-speaking world (Khaleel:

2005). It is worth to mention that the translator made use of the explanation available at

Interpretations of Meanings of the Holy Qur’an by Abdullah Yusuf Ali in the translation.

5. The translation of the prophetic tradition:

The translation of prophetic tradition, like any other religious texts, requires an

additional consideration due to the sanctity of the text. To illustrate, these texts have

appeared in the remote past causing ambiguity to their textual material (Ilyas: 89).

Therefore, the translator used the former criteria to choose the most convenient

translation of the prophetic tradition. The translator chose Ezzeddin Ibrahim and

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Denys Johnson-Davis. Yahya’s translation of Forty Hadith An-Nawawis was

sponsored and supervised by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation as a main

reference in addition to the translation of Sahih Muslim by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui, a

famous Islamic Sunni scholar.

6. The juristic and international terminology:

The translator based her work on a collection of academic, religious and electronic

references in order to handle these terms and translate them into the target language such

as:

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (website);

Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence by M.H.Kamali who works as a professor of

Islamic Law at the International Islamic University, Selangor, Malaysia (electronic

version);

A Dictionary of Islamic Terms: English- Arabic and Arabic English by Prof. Mohd

Ali Alkhuli (electronic version);

Forty Hadith An-Nawawis. Trans. Ezzeddin Ibrahim and Denys Johnson-Davis.

(2nd ed).Malaysia: Polygraphic Press Sdn. Bhd,(1982).

Additionally, the translator resorts to partial translation due to the religious nature of

the text. To illustrate, according to Ilyas (1989), Catford classified translation into full

translation and partial translation based on the extent. Unlike the full translation, the

translator in partial translation does not translate everything haphazardly but rather resorts

to transliteration and transference in some contexts in order to convey the message (Ilyas:

1989).Look at the following example:

يعدل عمل على دلني: فقال وسلم، عليه هللا صلى هللا رسول إلى رجل جاء : قال عنه، هللا رضي هريرة أبي عن

: قال " تفطر ول وتصوم تفتر، ول فتقوم مسجدك تدخل أن المجاهد، خرج إذا تستطيع، هل : قال أجده ل : "قال ،الجهاد

)"ذلك يستطيع ومن

A man came to the Messenger of Allah-May Mercy and Blessings Be Upon Him- and

said: tell me about a deed that equals Jihad*, the prophet said: I couldn’t find an

equivalent and he said: Can you, once the fighter (Mujahid) goes to fight, you enter the

mosque and stay all the nights praying and fast all the days without eating. The man said:

No one can do that” *(fighting for the sake of God)

Comment: The translator translated الجهاد in the source text which has no equivalent in

English into Jihad using transliteration. Furthermore, the translator added a footnote to

explain the meaning of the word for the English readers.

7. Style variation:

The style of the text varied according to the subject matter and the context into:

religious, legal, humanitarian and academic. Hence, the translator has to be aware of

these variations and adapt the suitable tone to meet with the context. To exemplify, the

translator has to use the eloquent formal style and religious terminology while dealing

with the religious part of the text in order to convey the message properly. To

exemplify, look at the difference between the following extracts:

Extract “1”:

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حقها بغير معاهدا قتل من: "-وسلم عليه هللا صلى - هللا رسول قال: قال عنه تعالى هللا رضي الثقفي بكرة أبي عن -5

") (.عام مائة مسيرة من لتوجد الجنة رائحة وإن الجنة، رائحة يرح لم

من واعتبرها المعاهدة، النفس قتل تحريم قاطع بشكل بين -وسلم عليه هللا صلى - النبي أن :الحديث هذا من الداللة وجه

باالعتداء مباشرة بطريقة إما: مسلمة نفسا يقتل من بعقوبة فكيف ،الجريمة تلك على المترتبة العقوبة بدليل الذنوب؛ كبائر

! عليها؟ االعتداء وحرم هللا عصمها التي المسلمة النفس تلك قتل في سببا يكون شيء بفعل وإما مباشرة عليها

5- On authority of Abu Bakra Al Thaqafi- May Allah be pleased with him-who said: The

messenger of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be upon him- said:

Whoever killed a Mu'ahid (a person who is granted the pledge of protection by the Muslims) shall not

smell the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be smelt at a distance of forty years (of

traveling)."

Moral of this Hadith: Prophet Mohammed –PBUH- has definitely clarifies that it is unlawful

to kill a protected non-Muslims and regarded this as one of the great sins, and its punishment

is a clear proof of this. With greater reason, what is the penalty of the killer of a Muslim:

either in direct way by attacking him/her or in indirect way by doing something that

leads to the death of this Muslim whose life is preserved from killing by Allah?

Comment The writer used this prophetic tradition to send a strong religious and moral

message to the audience to end the siege through the usage of the prophetic tradition and the

interrogative speech فكيف بعقوبة من يقتل نفسا مسلمة: إما بطريقة مباشرة باالعتداء عليها مباشرة وإما بفعل ،

Therefore, the translator is.شيء يكون سببا في قتل تلك النفس المسلمة التي عصمها هللا وحرم االعتداء عليها؟!

compelled to convey the same message through using a very powerful and effective style;

similar to the writer’s.

Extract “2”:

اء هاذا يعتبر بناء الجدار الفولذي مخالفة صريحة لمبااد القاانون الادولي، فاطبااح الحصاار علاى قطاان خالة مان خا ل بنا

الجدار سيؤدي حتما إلى سوء األحاوال المعيشاية ألهاالي القطان،إضاافة إلاى إخا ح المعاابر وكال ذلاك يشاكل جريماة دولياة

تعرف بجريمة اإلبادة الجماعية، فاألعمال المنشئة لهذه الجريمة هو إخضان جماعة إنسانية عن عمد لظروف معيشية قاساية

( فاي فقرتهاا )ج( مان اتفاقياة مناع جريماة 2مة أو جلئية وهاذا ماا كأكدتاه الماادة رقام )تكفي للقضاء عليهم عضويا بصورة تا

اإلبادة الجماعية والتي نصت على:

" تعني اإلبادة الجماعية أيا من األفعال التالية، تلك المرتكبة على قصاد التادمير الكلاي أو الجلئاي لجماعاة قومياة أو اونياة أو

اإلبادة الجماعياة باخضاان الجماعاة، عمادا ، لظاروف معيشاية ياراد بهاا تادميرها الماادي كلياا أو عرقية أو دينية، كذلك تعنى

جلئيا ."

Construction of the iron wall is considered a direct violation of the principles of the

International Law. To illustrate, besieging of Gaza Strip through the closure of border

crossings and construction of this wall will absolutely lead to aggravating living conditions

for the people of the Gaza Strip, and all of this lead to an international crime identified as

genocide. The practices which lead to this crime are imposing a human group, deliberately, to

severe living conditions leading to their physical eradication totally or partially. This is what

article (2) in paragraph (C) of Prohibition of Genocide Agreement that states:

“Genocide means practices which lead to this crime are imposing a human religious or

ethnical group, deliberately, to severe living conditions leading to their physical eradication

totally or partially.”

Comment: Unlike extract “1”, the style here is purely objective and legal; it’s just a

mentioning of some legal facts and the translator has to convey the same message and sense

by using an objective and formal style.

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Some Translation Problems with Reference to the Text:

The following examples show some problems, challenges and difficulties that faced the

translator during the translation process:

1- Given many professional juristic and legal terms in the original text; the translator

had to use the internet and the references to find the stock terms of such names.

For example:

United Nation Convention on the

Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

اتفاقية األمم المتحدة لقانون البحار

Genocide إبادة جماعية

The Geneva Convention relative

to the Protection of Civilian

Persons in Time of War (GCIV)

اتفاقية جينيف الرابعة بشأن حماية األشخاص المدنيين

وقت الحرب

the basic law النظام األساسي

the International Criminal Court محكمة الجنايات الدولية

The Rome Statute of the

International Criminal Court

الدولية الجنائية للمحكمة األساسي روما نظام حكامأ

Landlocked countries البلدان الحبيسة

Protected non-Muslim المعاهد

It is worth mentioning that A Dictionary of Islamic Terms: English- Arabic and

Arabic English by Prof. Dr. Mohd Ali Alkhuli was so helpful in finding the English

equivalent for many professional religious terms.

2- The translation of the title:

The translator faced a difficulty in choosing the appropriate equivalent in

English for the research topic “ لجدار الفوالذيا" . The accurate equivalent of this term is

"steel wall” but internet websites such as Haaretz and Zaytona referred to it as “the

iron wall” which means الجدار الحديدي"" . Accordingly, the translator chose the common

equivalent of the word which is the latter i.e. “the iron wall”.

Another difficulty is the translating of the word شرعي"" since it is connected

with the Islamic Law at the first place. The translator used the word “Juristic” which

is derived from the term “Jurisprudence” الفقه اإلسالمي and not the word “legal” to

indicate this difference in meaning.

3- Translation of poetry:

Another difficulty lies in translating the following lines into English due to the

fact that they are from the pre-Islamic era when people were famous of their

eloquence. Look at the following lines said by Hati At-Tai

الورد والفرس الجدين ذي ويابنة مالك وابنة هللا عـبد بنة أيا

وحدي آكله لست فاني أكي ، له فالتمسي اللاد صنعت ما إذا

بعدي من األحاديث مذمات أخاف فانني قريبا ، أو كريما قصيا

العبد شيمة خيرها خ لي من وما واويا دام ما الضيف لعبد وإني

Oh daughter of Abdullah, Malik (his wife) and one of great ancestors and the youth horse

Once you prepare food bring a companion since I never eat alone

I am generous with those who are far or near as the ill reputation I fear

I am the servant of my guest as he is still in my host and this is the manner of the man

Comment: The translator tried to convey the same message using a formal and

accepted style to convey the message. Also, the translator illustrated the meaning of

“daughter of Abdullah, Malik” by adding the word (his wife).

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4- The differences in structure between Arabic and English:

Due to the differences of origin and nature between English and Arabic, the

translator faced many difficulties in adapting the source text into the target text. The

most common one was the very long sentences. Look at the following sentence in

Arabic and its translation:

على كم(40)بطول الممتد الشريطي تكوينه من مستمد خاص طابع له( خلة قطان) خلة محافظات

، فلسطين مساحة جملة من% 1.3 يعادل ما أي ، مربعا مترا كيلو( 365) قدرها بمساحة المتوسط، األبيض البحر

( 6.5) إلى ليصل يضيق وم ، كم(9.5)حانون بيت عند اتساعه فيبلغ ، أخرى إلى منطقة من القطان أتسان ويختلف

مدينة مقابل كم(12)إلى وم ، القرارة مدينة عند كم(6.9) إلى يصل حين البلح،في ودير خلة محافظتي مقابل كم

مليون نحو 2009 عام القطان سكان عدد يبلغ ،) (تقريبا كم(12.6)المصرية الحدود مع اتسان أقصى وم ، خلاعة

من الكثافة وهذه مربع، متر كيلو لكل نسمة( 4100)نحو السكانية الكثافة تبلغ وعليه ،) (نسمة المليون ونصف

. العالم في الكثافات أعلى

Governorates of Gaza (Gaza Strip) have their peculiarity as it is formed of a line

extending about 40 kilometers on the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea with a total area

of 365 square kilometers, which is equivalent to %1.3of the overall area of Palestine. The

Strip’s width ranges from one area to another. To illustrate, its width in Beit Hanoun is (9.5)

Km, then it is narrowed to (6.5) Km in Governorates of Gaza and Deir El Balah. However, the

strip's width increases gradually to reach (9.6) Km in Al Qarara town, (12) Km in Khzaa town

and finally to the most width with the Egyptian borders, i.e. it is a round (12.6) Km. In 2009,

approximately a million and a half Palestinians live in Gaza. Hence, the density of population

is around (4100) person per square kilometer, and this density is one of the greatest densities of

population in the world.

Comment: It is unfamiliar in English to have a sentence of more than 3 lines.-

this sentence consists of 8 lines! In order to deal with this problem, the translator

broke this sentence into smaller ones, 5 sentences, and joined those using connectors

such as however and hence.

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Findings :

After working on this challenging source text, the style and language of the target text varies

because of the following reasons:

The purpose of the translation;

The style and tone of the source text;

The target language audience for whom the translation is intended.

As a result, the translation falls someplace on a continuum ranging from literal

translation to idiomatic and even sometimes to bound-free translation. For the legal part,

literal translation is used where the translator follows very closely the grammatical and

lexical forms of the source text language, whereas idiomatic translation is concerned with

communicating the meaning of the source text using the natural grammatical and lexical

items of the target language. Translation that is bound to linguistic context of the original

text even though not committed to the same style is called bound-free translation.

Since the text is an academic research in the first place, the translator tries to make the

translation appropriate for the target audience who are expected to be Muslim legal scholars

around the world along with ordinary Muslims. The translated text is still digestible for

ordinary Muslim readers even though it’s an academic one through the use of the source text

that has been smoothly transferred into formal English.

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Useful Terminology:

Iron wall ولذيفالجدار ال

Rafah border crossing معبر رفح

Oslo accords أوسلواتفاقية

curfew system نظام حظر التجول

arrest and pursuit العتقال و المطاردة

collective punishment العقاب الجماعي

check points نقاط التفتيش

digging tunnels حفر األنفاح

smuggling التهريب

International Law القانون الدولي

United Nation Convention on the Law of

the Sea (UNCLOS)

اتفاقية األمم المتحدة لقانون البحار

Genocide إبادة جماعية

The Geneva Convention relative to the

Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of

War (GCIV)

اتفاقية جينيف الرابعة بشأن حماية األشخاص المدنيين

وقت الحرب

the basic system النظام األساسي

the International Criminal Court (ICC) محكمة الجنايات الدولية

The Rome Statute of the International

Criminal Court

الدولية الجنائية للمحكمة األساسي روما نظام حكامأ

Crimes against Humanity جرائم ضد اإلنسانية

Landlocked countries بلدان محاطة باليابسة من جميع الحبيسةالبلدان"

الجهات"

Republic of South Africa (RSA) جمهورية جنوب أفريقيا

Islamic law (Sharia) الشريعة اإلس مية

Islamic Jurisprudence الفقه اإلس مي

Prophetic tradition (Sunna) السنة النبوية

Consensus: the agreement of Muslim

scholars upon an issue.

اإلجمان

Juristic reasoning : القياس

Juristic principles : القواعد الفقهية

Bearing witness for falsehood (perjury) شهادة اللور

Muslim scholars علماء اإلس م

Mu'ahid (a person who is granted the

pledge of protection by the Muslims)

معاهد

lawful شرعي

unlawful خير شرعي/محرم شرعا

salinity of the sea water ملوحة مياه البحر

underground water المياه الجوفية

basic commodities السلع الرئيسية

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Translation references:

Ali, A. (1934) The Interpretation of Meanings of the Holy Quran [online]. Available: http://al-

quran.info/ [accessed 19th

June 2013]

Ali, Yusuf The Holy Quran: Text, Translation and Commentary. Egypt: Al-Manar Publishing

and Distributing House.

Anon (2011) Gaza Strip [online], Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip [accessed 8th

June 2013]

Anon (2012) Al jidar Al Folathi (iron wall) [online]Wikipedia ,the free encyclopedia.

Available:

http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7

%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%8A [accessed 8th

August 2012]

Anon (2012) Genocide [online] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide [accessed 8th

June 2013]

Anon (2013) Arab World [online] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world[accessed 19th June 2013]

Anon (2013) World's Muslim Population: Statistics about the Muslim Population of the

World. [online]About.com. Available:

Anon (2013): Organization of Islamic Cooperation [online] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation[accessed 19th

June 2013]

Anon (2013)Noble Quran (Hilali-Khan)[online] Available:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_Quran_(Hilali-Khan) [accessed 20th June 2013]

Anon(2010) Introductory Flash Show about the Iron Wall[online],Al Zaytona Centre for

Studies and Consultations .Available: http://www.alzaytouna.net/permalink/4751.html [accessed

8th

June 2013]

Anon(2012) [online].Available: http://www.quranexplorer.com/quran/ [accessed 8th

August

2012]

Anon(2012)The World Factbook:Gaza Strip[online],Central Intelligence Agency .Available:

Anon(Jan 2011).The Future of the Global Muslim Population[online].Pew Research Center

.Available: http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population//[accessed 19th June 2013]

Ghazala, H. (2003). Translation as Problems and Solutions. (5th

ed). Beirut: Dar Wa Maktabat

Al-Hilal.

http://islam.about.com/od/muslimcountries/a/population.htm [accessed 19th June 2013]

http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/egypt-building-iron-wall-on-gaza-border-to-stop-

smuggling-1.2525 [accessed 8th June 2013]

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http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/egypt-constructs-huge-gaza-wall-

1838197.html [accessed 8th

J 2012]une

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gz.html [accessed 8th

June 2013]

Ilyas, A. (1989). Theories of Translation (Theoretical Issues and Practical Implications).

Mosul.

Issacharoff, A. (2009) Egypt building iron wall on Gaza border to stop smuggling [Online],

Haaretz. Available:

Khaleel ,M.(2005) Assessing English Translations of the Qur'an [online] The Middle East

Quarterly, Available: http://www.meforum.org/717/assessing-english-translations-of-the-

quran [accessed 19th June 2013]

Lynfield, B. (2009) Egypt constructs huge Gaza wall [online], The Independent. Available:

Nawawi, Yahya Z. Forty Hadith An-Nawawis. Trans. Ezzeddin Ibrahim and Denys Johnson-

Davis. (2nd

ed).Malaysia: Polygraphic Press Sdn. Bhd,(1982).

Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali and Muhsin Khan, The Noble Quran in the English Language [online]

Available: http://al-quran.info/ [accessed 19th

June]

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بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيمIn the name of Allah most Gracious, the most

Merciful

بحث بعنوان

الجـدار الفوالذي على حدود قطاع غزة،

دراسة: شرعية تأصيلية.

Iron Wall at Gaza Strip's Borders

Foundational Juristic Research

إعداد

د. ماهر حامد الحولي

األستاذ المشارك في الفقه وأصوله

عميد كلية الشريعة والقانون غزة –الجامعة اإلسالمية

Prepared by:

Dr. Maher Mohammed El Houli

Associate Professor in Jurisprudence and its Foundations

Dean of Faculty of Islamic Sharia and Law

Islamic University of Gaza (IUG)-Gaza

2009/2010مارس

March 2009/2010

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Introduction:

Most blessed praise be to God, the Cherisher and

Sustainer of Worlds; and peace and mercy be upon

His messenger of mercy for Worlds: Mohammed,

his honored family, blessed companions and

whosoever follows them till the Judgment Day. To

proceed:

Allah-May He glorified-distinguished humans by

knowledge and appoint for those obtaining this

great merit the highest degrees in Paradise. Allah

says: ﴾Allah will exalt in degree those of you who believe,

and those who have been granted knowledge. And

Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.

﴿;therefore, men of knowledge who have been held

this moral responsibility were committed to clarify

for people the matters of their religion, and Islamic

Sharia opinion in doubtful new matters explaining

Allah's purpose from this. One of these current

matters is the building of an "iron wall” at borders

between Gaza Strip and Arab Republic of Egypt.

Some Muslim legal scholars around the Islamic

World have issued fatwas "Islamic legal opinion";

some of which support building the iron wall while

others were against the building process. And

therefore, I've decided to conduct this research in

order to clarify Islamic Sharia legal opinion on

constructing the iron wall.

The research includes the following:

Introduction: It contains the topic's nature and its

importance, research approach, plan and summary.

المقدمة:دددددد ك يدددددد ا الحمدددددد ل ال ال،دددددد لميرا حمدددددد اك يددددددااك ي دددددد م اوالصدد و والمددد لمددو الم ،دددوا احمدددح لم،دد لمير محمددد ا ولمدددو

ولمو مر ت ،ه إحمد ر آل ال هايرا وأصح الغا المي ميرا إلو يو ال يرا أم ،

إر ال د لز وجل د ق ضل اإلنم ر ل،م وج،دل لمدر اتصد هددددلص الصددددمح ال،ريمددددح الدددد اج ، ال،مددددو دددد الجنددددحا قدددد ل ت،دددد لو

والدلير أوتدوا ال،مد اجد ،ا والمد ﴿ مد يا ع الم اللير آمنوا من؛ للا و ر لزام ك لمو أهدل ال،مد الدلير حممدوا هدلص ﴾ت،ممور خ يا

األم نح أر ي ينوا لمن س أموا ينه ا وم أشل لميه مدر الوقد ع الممتج و ي ينوا حمه ا ويوضحوا مداا الشد اا الحدي د للد ا ومر تم الوق ع الممتح ح الت يحت ج الن س إلو م،ا ح حمهد

ر موقددد الشددد اا منهددد ا مددد حددد ا مدددر نددد جددد ااا دددو ل و يدددلمو الحد و الم صدمح دير ق د ا ودزو وجمهوايدح مصدا ال،ا يدح ا وقد صد ا، ،دل المتد و مددر ،دل ال،ممد د أمد ر متماقددح مددر ال،دد ل اإلمدد م ا و ندد، تمدد المتدد و مختممددح مدد ددير م يدد

اأيدد، أر أشددحل ل ندد للدد الجدد ااا ومدد ددير م،دد ال لدد ؛ ولددللال،زيمح وأشما لر مد ل الجد ؛ ألوضدك حد ند للد الجد اا

مر منروا شال .

-وق اشتمل ال حا لمو م يم المق مح وق اشتمم، لمو ي،ح الموضوا وأهميت ومنهجيح

ال حا وخ ح ال حا وممخص .First: Genre of Topic: It’s a foundational Islamic Sharia study that

clarifies what relates to building the iron wall

regarding juristic and humanitarian laws and

effects.

أوال: طبيعة الموضوع.هدو اامدح قهيدح تلصدديميح ت دير مد يت،مددل ند الجد اا مددر

نم نيح. أح وآ ا شاليح وا

Second: Importance of Topic and reasons

of choice: 1. The importance of this topic is to tackle

the life of besieged population who have

been suffering bad effects of this siege.

2. Feeling responsibility fallen upon the

shoulders of Islamic Sharia scholars

towards update issues.

3. Highlighting the expected role from

Sons of the Islamic Nation towards the

ثانيا: أهمية الموضوع وسبب اختياره:تمددددر أهميددددح الموضددددوا دددد أندددد يمددددس حيدددد و شدددد،ل -1

مح صا ت،ال آل ا مي ح مر جاا هلا الحص ا. الشددد،وا لممددد وليح الممقددد و لمدددو لددد تل ال،ممددد تجددد ص -2

القض ي الممتج و.

إ ددااز الدد وا الم مددول مددر أ ندد األمددح اإلمدد ميح تجدد ص -3

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Palestinian Cause.

4. Declaring the last word and sound

opinion regarding a modern

controversial issue; that leads to the

disagreement of Islamic Sharia scholars.

القضيح الممم ينيح.

إرهدد ا الممددح المصددل والدداأ الددااجك حددول ممددللح لصددايح -4 ا يه الج ل ؛ ختم يه ال،مم .

Third: Research approach: The descriptive

analytical approach has been used in conducting

this research.

قدددد تدددد امددددت،م ل المددددنه الوصددددم ثالثااااا: ماااان. البحاااا . التحميم هلا ال حا.

Fourth: Research plan: The plan of this research consists of an

introduction, three subjects, and the conclusion

رابعا: خطة البح .تمثلااخ خطااة هااحا البحاا ةااف: مقدمااةث ةثالثااة مباحاا ث ثاام

خاتمةث وهف كتالف:اFirst Section: Geographical Location of

Gaza Strip and Reasons for the

Existence of Tunnels It includes the following issues:

First Issue: The geographical location of

Gaza Strip and the status of its borders.

Second Issue: Reasons lying behind the

existence of the tunnels

المبحث األول:الموقع الجغرافي لقطاع غزة

ودواعي وجود األنفاق.

وق تضمر الم م ير الت ليير المطلب األول: الموقع الجغراةف لقطاع غزة ووضع المعابر

ةيه. المطلب الثانف: دواعف وجود األنفاق.

Second Section: Islamic Legal Vision

Regarding Constructing the Wall

It includes the following issues:

First Issue: The Holy Quran

Second Issue: The prophetic tradition

"Sunna"

Third Issue: Consensus of Islamic legal

scholars

Fourth Issue: Juristic reasoning

"deduction"

Fifth Issue: Juristic principles.

Sixth Issue: Construction of the wall:

Hurting the Palestinian resistance and its

members

Seventh Issue: Different dimensions for the

construction of the wall

Eighth Issue: The legal dimension

عية لبناء الجدار.المبحث الثاني: الرؤية الشر

وق تضمر الم لل الت ليح المطلب األول: القرآن الكريم.

المطلب الثانف: السنة النبوية الشريفة. المطلب الثال : اإلجماع. المطلب الرابع: القياس.

المطلب الخامس: القواعد الفق.ية. المطلاااااب الساااااادس: بناااااا الجااااادار: ضااااارار بالمقاوماااااة

ورجاالت.ا. السابع: األبعاد المختلفة لبنا الجدار.المطلب

المطلب الثامن: البعد القانونف.

Conclusion: It includes the most important

findings and recommendations that the

research has reached.

والتوصددي ، التدد توصددل وتضددمن، أهدد النتدد الخاتمةةة: إليه ال حا.

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Abstract:

The study which falls into three sections,

concludes that the building of this wall increase

the imposed siege on the Gaza Strip. It also

prevents the entry of medications and shatters

the strip into pieces. In fact, these practices

represent illegitimate violation. Moreover,

building and contributing in building this wall

is a severe crime that the international law

imposes penalty on. In addition, the study

shows the various dimensions for the

illegitimacy of building this Iron Wall, and it

discusses health, legal, economic, psychological

and environmental effects arising from building

the wall.

: ملخص البح

ج هلا ال حا الج اا المو ل لمو ح و ق ا ودزوا اامدح شدداليح تلصدديميح دد دح م حدداا تقدداا مددر خ لهدد أر نددد الجددد اا يمددد ه ددد تشددد ي الحصددد ا لمدددو الشدددد،ل

ين ومنددع الدد وا والغددلا لندد ا ضدد ك لددر أندد يق ددع المممددأوصدد ل الدد ا و دد للدد مخ لمددح شدداليحا تتم ددل دد حامددح نددد الجددد اا وحامدددح ال،مدددل يددد ا مددد هدددو جايمدددح ق نونيدددحا

ي، قل لميه الق نور ال ول .مددددد دددددير ال حدددددا األ ،ددددد المختممدددددح لحامدددددح نددددد هدددددلا

ح والصدددحيح وا قتصددد يح الجددد ااا واآل ددد ا الشددداليح والق نونيددد والنمميح وال ي يح المتات ح لمو ن .

First Section

Geographical Location of Gaza Strip

and Reasons for the Existence of Tunnels

First Issue: The geographical location of

Gaza Strip and status of its border

crossings.

First: The Geographical Location. After signing the Oslo Accords, the territories of

the West Bank and governorates of Gaza Strip

were divided into 14 governorates, and the

governorate is considered to be the highest level in

the administrative system. To add, the governorate

included a lot of population centres; and Gaza

Strip was divided into five governorates, 17 towns

and 8 villages illustrated in figure(1) as follows:

الموقع الجغراةف لقطاع غزةث ودواعف وجود األنفاق

المطلااااب األول: الموقااااع الجغراةااااف لقطاااااع غاااازةث ووضااااع

المعابر ةيه.

أوال: الموقع الجغراةف. ، قمم، أااض الضمح الغا يح ومح ر ، ق ا وزو

إلو أا ع لشاو مح رح وت،ت ا توقيع اتم قيح أوممو المح رح ألمو ممتو الهيل اإل اا ا حيا تض

قم ق ا وزو ا وق المح رح ال، ي مر المااز ال،ماانيحم ينح و م ن قا وإلو خمس مح ر ، ا وم ع لشا

الت ل 1يوضحه شل اق Governorates of Gaza (Gaza Strip) have their

peculiarity as it is formed of a line extending about

40 kilometers on the Eastern coast of the

Mediterranean Sea with a total area of 365 square

kilometers, which is equivalent to %1.3 of the

overall area of Palestine. The Strip's width ranges

from one area to another. To illustrate, its width in

Beit Hanoun is (9.5) Km, then it is narrowed to

خدد م ممددتم مددر عمح ردد ، وددزو ق دد ا وددزو لدد دد دد لمدو ال حددا األ دديل 40تويند الشدداي الممتد ددول

ك ا أ مدد ،دد يمددو متددااك ما 365المتومدد ا ممدد حح قدد اه % مددر جممددح ممدد حح ممدد ير ا ويختمدد أتمدد ا 1.3ي،دد ل

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20 | P a g e

(6.5) Km in Governorates of Gaza and Deir El

Balah. However, the strip's width increases

gradually to reach (9.6)Km in Al Qarara town,

(12) Km in Khzaa town and finally to the most

width with the Egyptian borders i.e. it is a round

(12.6) Km. In 2009, approximately a million and a

half Palestinians live in Gaza. Hence, the density

of population is around (4100) person per square

kilometer, and this density is one of the greatest

densities of population in the world.

الق ددد ا مدددر من قدددح إلدددو أخدددا ا ي مددد اتمددد ل لنددد يددد، ددد مق دددل 6.5 ددد ا ددد يضددديل ليصدددل إلدددو 9.5حددد نور

ددد 6.9محددد رت ودددزو و يدددا ال مكا ددد حدددير يصدددل إلدددو د مق دل م يندح خزالدح ا د 12القاااو ا إلدو لن م ينح

ا ي مد 1 د تقاي د ك 12.6أقصو اتم ا مع الحد و المصدايح نحدو مميدور ونصد المميدور 2009م ر الق ا ل ل نممح لل 4100ولمي ت م ال ح الم نيح نحو ا 1 نممح

يمو متا ما عا وهلص ال ح مر ألمو ال ، ال، ل . Despite being located on the Mediterranean Sea,

the situation of Gaza Strip is similar to landlocked

countries i.e. countries which are not located on

seas; and this because of the Israeli entity's control

of the marine borders; which hinders moving

freely from Gaza Strip to the world's countries. It

is worth mentioning that the International Law

guarantees movement of navigation. Also, United

Nation's Seas' Act (1982) secures the rights of

landlocked countries. To exemplify, Lesotho -a

country that is totally surrounded by the Republic

of South Africa (RSA)-maintains the right to use

ports of the RSA located on the Indian Ocean by

the virtue of United Nations Seas' Act.

و د لاو مددر وقدوا الق دد ا لمدو ال حددا األ ديل المتومدد إ أندد ال التةي دولة الهي وين ل لمي م ين ل لمو ال ول الح يمدح

وبلةةل لطةة ا ك ال ةة ؛ي مفتةةو أي منفةةب ر ةة تشةة ع ى ةة

ددح مددر الحدد و ى ةة الصةةو وني ال حايددح؛ ممدد ي،اقددل حايددح الحاالق ا إلو مختم ول ال، ل ا لمم ك دلر القد نور الد ول يمدمك

الددل الاليسة دد ال م ةة الدول ةة ل ةةو حايددح الم حددح اوحيددا إر

1 1982 فةي لةا اتف ة ة ا مةم المت ةدك ل ة نو الر ة ىة م م فول احيا إر ولح ليموتو تحي ه جمهوايح جنول إ ايقي مدر جميدع

باستخدام موتنم دمان تنمب تنرمقيا تامم ت مالجه ، ولر له الحدل

م وح طمم ه ايمحسرممخفاق نممألو مم وخحاةم ا ننمم بحاام. 1

Regarding governorate of Rafah to the south of the

Gaza Strip, it is connected with Egypt by

international political borders which give the

former special significance as being the south gate

of Palestine. Area of this governorate is about

(58.490)sq Km which is about %16.3 of the area

of all governorates of Gaza , so it is the fourth in

terms of area. However, it is the last governorate

in terms of population as 173371persons are

estimated to be its population in 2007, which is

equal to %12 of the overall population of all Gaza

governorates. Rafah Governorate consists of one

city which is Rafah , and it includes Rafah

refugees camp, which forms %67.9 of the city's

population. To add, the city and its camp represent

%92 of the population of the governorate. The area

of Rafah city is about %51.3 of the governorate's

area, and it has two villages :( El Shouka, El

Bayyouk), and they form %15 of the governorate's

area and about %8 of the governorate's population.

يإ هامختاخبطمغزةم،ممقطاعوحايظنمايحمييمب نرمبمني وام دخص

ونهدد ؛خ صدح أهو تتنمأكستتبخهاوت مورتتامبحتتانامس است نمان تتنم 58.490 وا ددددح ممدددد ير الجنو يددددح . وت مدددد ممدددد حح المح رددددح

%مددددر ممدددد حح المح ردددد ، ا و ددددلل 16.3ي،دددد ل أ مدددد 2دددد يمدددد ت،دددد أقددددل 1 تحرددددو لمات ددددح الاا ،ددددح مددددر حيددددا الممدددد حح

مدد لدد مدد نه حيددامح ردد ، وددزو إمدده م ك دد لدد المدد ر % مدددر 12ي،دد ل أ مدد 1 نمددمح 173371حددوال 2007لدد

وتضدد المح رددح م ينددح واحدد و هددد اإجمدد ل مدد ر المح ردد ،ل ج ددير ا والددل ا ددك ويقددع ضددمر حدد و ه مخددي ام ينددح ا ددك

% مددر مدد نه ا يمدد تشددل الم ينددح ومخيمهدد 67.9يشددل نحددو % مدددر مددد ر المح ردددح . أمددد ممددد حح الم يندددح تشدددغل نحدددو 92

ح قايتدددد ر همدددد و هدددد ح رددددح ا % مددددر ممدددد حح الم51.3 ا الشددددو% مدر 8% مدر ممد حح المح ردح ونحدو 15ا وتش ر ال يو . 1 م نه

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21 | P a g e

Second:

Gaza Strip Crossings.

The Gaza Strip is surrounded by seven border

crossings and nothing can move in or out the strip

without passing by one of them. Six of these

crossings are under control of the Israeli entity

except for Rafah crossing. Each of the first six

crossings has two names, the Arabic name and the

Israeli name. Gaza's seven border crossings are

illustrated in the following table:

مثا ا:

موعابامقطاعمغزة

تحددي ق دد ا وددزو مدد ،ح م،دد ا يدد خل الق دد ا و يخدداج مندد شددد ور المددداوا لحددد ه ا تخضدددع مدددتح منهددد لمدددي او اليددد ر الصهيون والم، ا الوحي الخ اج لر مي او ا حت ل هدو م، دا

تح األولددو تمددميت را إحدد اهم ا ددك. ولددل م، ددا مددر الم،دد ا المددلا يددح وال نيددح مت اولددح إمدداا يمي . وم،دد ا وددزو المدد ،حا يوضددحه

مالج ول الت ل

:األهمية ة:السيطر ع:الموق ر:المعب

ل وا الممع التج ايح المت لح إماا يميح ممح شال وزو المنطار )كارنف(

ممحإماا يميح شم ل م ينح وزو بيخ حانون ) يريز(الح ، الماضيح الممم ينيح وال موم ميير ل وا

والصح ح وال ، ، األجن يح ووياه

ح التج ايح تج ص ق ا وزو ق إماا يميح ممح شال م ينح ا ك العودة )صوةا( الحا

معبر الشجاعية )ناحال عوز(

ح الشج ليح شال م ينح وزو

نحو الق ال وا موا الوقو إماا يميح ممح

كرم أبو سالم )كيرم شالوم(

الح و المصايح الممم ينيح اإلماا يميح

ح التج ايح والمم ل ا،ا و يل إماا يميح تنميل مع مصا أحي ن ك ، ا ا كلر مالحا

القرارة )كيسوةيم( ير من قح خ ر يونس

و يا ال مك قاا، إماا يل اجتي ح وزو م ال،ما إلا مختم لتحا إماا يميح ممح

معبر رةحالح و المصايح

الممم ينيح

مم ينيح لتنميل مع مصا ومااق ح أواو يح

ل وا الم ر وال ض ع الممم ينيح

Importance Control: Location: Crossing:

Entry of exchanged

goods. Full Israeli control East Gaza

Al Muntar

(Karni)

Entry of: Palestinian

patients, diplomats, press

and foreign delegations,

etc.

Full Israeli control North Gaza city Beit Hanoun

(Ereiz)

Trade movement towards

Gaza Strip only.

Full Israeli control East Rafah city El Awda

(Soufa)

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22 | P a g e

Entry of fuel to the Strip Full Israeli control

Shijaeyia

Neighborhood-East

Gaza city

Shijaeyia Crossing:

(Nahal Uz)

Trade movement and aid,

and as an alternative to

Rafah Crossing

Sometimes.

Israel in co-ordination

with Egypt Palestinian-Israeli and

Egyptian borders

Karm Abu Salem

(Kerem Shalom)

Allocated for military

movment once Israel

decide to invade Gaza

Full Israeli control

Between Khan

Younis and Deir El

Balah

El Qarara Crossing

(Kesofem)

Movement of Palestinian

people and goods

Palestinian control in co-

ordination with Egypt

and under supervision of

European Union(EU)

Palestinian Egyptian

borders Rafah Crossing

The Zionist authorities practise

humanitarian, moral, social, health and

commercial restrictions on the movement of

people and goods.

It is worth to mention that the form of the

state is one of the most important issues that were

included in the agenda of Peace Conference after

the Second World War (WW2), specially that the

direct cause of the outbreak of the war was the

bizarre shape of Germany which resulted from

granting Poland land route through the German

territories; leading to dividing Germany into two

parts. This to some extent can be applied to

Palestine in that the establishment of the Zionist

entity led to a geographical separation between the

Gaza Strip and the West Bank and this is going to

agitate tensions in the region. Furthermore, the

proposed Palestinian state is considered to be a

divided country because it consists of two exclaves

or more. Similarly, the iron wall supports this

separation since Rafah Crossing is considered to

be the only access for the Gaza Strip to contact

with Arab and Muslim worlds through Egypt.

والجدددددددد يا لددددددددلا أر شددددددددل ال ولددددددددح مددددددددر أهدددددددد المواضددديع الم اجدددح ددد جددد ول ألمددد ل مددد تما المددد ،ددد الحددال ال، لميددح ال نيددحا وخ صددح أر المدد ل الم شددا لقيدد الحال ال، لميح ال نيح ر شدل ألم نيد الشد ل نتيجدح لمدنك ولن ا ممااك اي ك ل دا األااضد األلم نيدح؛ ممد ج،دل ألم نيد

يدددا ا وهدددلا مددد ين دددل إلدددو حددد 1 تنشددد ا إلدددو شددد ايرلمدددددو ممدددددد ير إل أر قيدددددد اليدددددد ر الصددددددهيون أ إلددددددو ا نمصدد ل الجغاا دد ددير ق دد ا وددزو والضددمح الغا يددح؛ ممدد مددددي ق التددددوتا دددد المن قددددح حيددددا إر ال ولددددح المممدددد ينيح المقتاحح ت، مر الد ول المجدزأو التد تتدور مدر جدزأير أو أ دددا حيدددا تمصدددمه لدددر ،ضددده الددد ،ل أااضددد لددد ول

لج اا المو ل ير ق ا وزو ومصا ي،دزز م دل أخا ا واهلا ا نمص ل حدير أر م، دا ا دك ي،ت دا المنمدل الوحيد

لق ا وزو مع ال، ل ال،ا واإلم م ل ا مصا.

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23 | P a g e

Second: Reasons Lie behind the Existence of

Tunnels The Palestinian people have passed through many

restrictions and ordeals , both individually,

collectively including:

First: Curfew System: The Israeli occupation used to impose curfew in many suburbs and cities

for long periods that would last for one day or

more, forcing every one, men or women, in a

house arrest and depriving them from going out to

work or obtaining their essential needs.

المطلب الثانف: الدواعف من وجود األنفاق لق ما الش،ل الممم ين د ق د ا ودزو دلنواا يداو مدر ال،ددددلا ، والمضدددد يق ، لمددددو الممددددتو المددددا والجمدددد ل

ومر تم المض يق ، حيدددا إر ا حدددت ل اإلمددداا يم أوال: نظاااام مناااع التجاااوال:

ددد ر يمدددال مندددع التجدددوال ددد يدددا مدددر األحيددد والمددد ر لمدو دل دا لمتاا، ويمح ق تما يو أو أ ا ويمال

اجددد ك ددد ر أ امددداأو اإلق مدددح الج ايدددح ددد يتددد ويمن،ددد مدددر الخاوج لمم امح لمم وقض ش ون الضاوايح.

Second: Arrest and Pursuit: The Israeli

occupation used to practice unjust despotic

arrests against Palestinian citizens who mostly

were used to be imprisoned for long periods

without having clear accusations to justify

their arrest.

حيددا ددد ر ا حددت ل يمددد اس ثانيااا: االعتقاااال والمطاااردة.ا لتق ل الت،مم الر ل ض الموا نير الممم ينيير حيا نوا يمجنور لمتاا، ويمح ور أر توج إلدو يدا مدنه

ير م ل التق له .تهم ك واضحح ت Third: Prevention from Work: Most

members of Palestinian people used to work in

the cities occupied by Zionists to support their

families; some of them worked in agriculture,

others in industry, and some worked in

building, etc. However, this did not continue as

the Israeli occupation had prevented

Palestinian people from entering the cities that

they used to work in, leading to cut off their

source of income that they used to keep

themselves barely alive and meet their needs.

At that time, most of the population-estimated

at two hundred fifty thousand workers- have

suffered unemployment. And considering that

each worker used to support his family, readers

can imagine the gravity of the economic

situation that those vanquished people live in.

حيددا إر أومددل ثالثااا: المنااع ماان العماال وكسااب الاارزق.أ ددداا الشددد،ل المممددد ين ددد ق ددد ا ودددزو ددد ر م،تمددد اك ددد الحصددول لمدددو ازقددد لمدددو ال،مددل ددد المددد ر التددد احتمهددد اليهددو ا قدد دد ر يشددتغل ،ضدده دد الزاالددح ا والدد ،ل اآلخا الصن لح ا و ،ضه ال ن ا وويا لل مدر مجدد ، ال،مدددل المختممددح ا ولددد يمدددتما للدد دددوي ك حيدددا ددال ا حددت ل لمددو أ دداا الشدد،ل المممدد ين منددع خددول تمدددد المدددد ر التدددد دددد نوا يم امددددور ألمدددد له يهدددد ا و ددددلل يور ق ق ع لنه مص ا ازقه الل يم ور جدوله ا ويقضور ش ونه ا لص ك أومل الش،ل ل ك لدر ال،مددل وقدد قدد ا لدد مددر ي،مددل دد تمدد المجدد ، آنددلا

لا لم أر ل ل مل مدر م تير وخمم ير أل ل ملا وا أول ددد ددد ر ي،دددول أمددداو مدددر األمدددا لا ددد، مددد خ دددواو

الوضع ا قتص الل ي،يش أول المقهواور.Fourth: Building barbed wires and concrete

and iron walls. The Israeli occupation tried to

separate towns and villages of Palestine from

each other .Accordingly, no one can move

from a town to another or from a village to

another without encountering a military

رابعااااااا: بنااااااا األسااااااالإل الشااااااا كة والجاااااادر اإلساااااامنتية حددد ول ا حدددت ل أر يق دددع المددد ر والك.ربا ياااة والحديدياااة.

الممم ينيح والقا لر ،ضده الد ،ل ا د يمدت يع أحد و أخدا ور أر ينتقل مر م ينح إلو أخا أو مر قايدح إلد

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24 | P a g e

checkpoint or a wall, and the aim of this is to

tighten the grip around Palestinian people and

turn their lives into wounds, worries and pains.

أر يما ح جز مر الحواجز ال،مايح أو ج اا مر الجد ا المختممح ا ولل لمتضييل لمو هلا الش،ل وتحويدل حي تد

مه إلو جااح ، وهمو وآ .Fifth: Prevention of daily life basic needs. The Israeli occupation has exerted pressure on

our people through preventing the entry of all

sorts of vehicles’ fuel, cooking gas, all sorts of

medicine and basic food commodities such as

flour, sugar, rice and babies’ powdered milk..

مدد اس خامسااا: منااع الحاجاااخ األساسااية للحياااة اليوميااة.حددت ل الضددغ لمددو هددلا الشدد،ل مددر خدد ل منددع وقددو ا

ددلل مندع إ خدد ل ودد ز ال هدد ا المدي اا، جميددع أنوالدد ا وومنع ال وا لنوال المختممح ا ومنع خول المدوا الغلا يدح وخ صددح الضدداوايح منهدد لدد قيل والمددا واألاز وحميددل

األ م ل.Sixth: In addition to this, there are the

continuing conspiracies directed by some of

international powers against the Palestinian

people to force them to succumb. For

example, the use of Veto against any

resolution that condemns Zionists in addition

to the launch of a fierce psychological and

media war on any similar steps. At the same

time, there is an organized media silence

regarding the crimes of Israeli occupation

Forces against our people such as killing,

torture and demolishing homes.

المحدد و ، المت حقددح مددر سادسااا: تضاااى لااك حلااإل كلااهالمد اماا، التد حيد، ومد زالد، ضد هدلا الشد،ل؛ هد ي،دد مددر ق ددل ،ددل القددو ال وليددح ومددر تمدد المدد اماا، تا

امتخ ا حل الميتو ض ل ميدح شامدح أ قااا ي ير اليهو مع شر حال نممدي ح وا

ا يق مهددد أيضددد ك تتدددي إل مددد مدددنر حدددول الجددداا التددد يات هدد ا حددت ل وجنددو ص ضدد أ دداا هددلا الشدد،ل مددر قتددل

وت،ليل وت ميا لم يو،.Seventh: Closure of all borders: land, sea

and air borders; and this is in order to

increase the sorrow, hunger and suffering of all

people.

For all these reasons, Palestinian people has no

choice but first to trust in Allah –May He be

glorified, oppose these practices, and find out

new ways to continue their resistance in order

to stay fast against this malicious foe which

tries to leave them to die out of starvation. And

when Palestinian people discovered that the

traditional ways were ineffective, they relied

on a very difficult and arduous way which is

digging tunnels under the Palestinian-Egyptian

borders in order to get the needed quantities of

basic food commodities for keeping

themselves alive and medicine for treating

their patients. And therefore, we can say that

the tunnels are exceptional cases as Muslim

Palestinians have been forced to rely on due to

the extremely difficult conditions they have

been going through.

؛ ساابعا: غااالق جميااع الحادود: البريااة والبحريااة والجويااةدد يددز ا األلدد والجددوا وتددز ا الم، ندد و لمددو هددلا الشدد،ل

جميع ق ت وأ اا ص.جمي،ددد ك لددد يجددد الشددد،ل المممددد ين ايقددد ك ولهدددلص األمددد ل

لمخدد م مددر تمدد ال،ددلا ، إ أر يمددت،ير دد ل لددز وجددل ويقد و هدلص المم امد ، وي،مدل لمدو ا تد ا أمد ليل ج يد و متمااا المق ومح مح ولح من لم قد وال د ، ضد هدلا ال، و المجا الل يح ول قتل ش،ل لمم جول ك. ولن م

م الت،مددميح التقمي يددح لدد تجدد نم،دد ك ؛ لجددل هددلا لمدد أر ومدد الش،ل الممم لوميمح ه و يح الصد،و ح ا و د و يدح المشقح ا أ وه حما أنم ل تح، أال الح و المصايح الممم ينيح؛ ل يحصل مر خ له لمو القد ا الضداوا الل يم جول وي،د ل د ماضد ص وي قيد تد ك ممدتمااك

يل الجه والمق ومح. ا

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ولهلا نقول لر األنم ل ل او لر ح لح امت ن يحا ليم، ه األصل حيا ل يمجل إليه الممممور الممم ينيور إ

اض ااااك؛ م ل الراو الص، ح الت ي،يشه .

Second Section: Islamic Legal

Vision Regarding Constructing the

Wall

Once contemplating the texts of the holy Quran

and the prophetic tradition “Sunna”, there can be

found much evidence that the Muslim legal scholar

can deduce the opinion of Islamic Sharia in this

contemporaneous issue based on these holy texts

and the followed rules, which were set by well-

acquainted Muslim legal scholars.

This vision is represented in the following issues:

First Issue: The Holy Quran.

Second Issue: The prophetic tradition

"Sunna".

Third Issue: Consensus of Islamic legal

scholars.

Fourth Issue: Juristic reasoning

"deduction".

Fifth Issue: Juristic principles.

Sixth Issue: Construction of the wall:

Hurting the Palestinian resistance and its

members.

Seventh Issue: Different sides of

constructing the wall.

Eighth Issue: The legal side

المبح الثانف

الرؤية الشرعية لبنا الجدار

لو تلممن النصوم الشاليح مر الت ل والمنح لوج ن يااك مر األ لح الت نمت يع مر خ له أر نمتوضك الح الشال هلص الممللح الم، صاو مر الن حيح

صوما والقوال الشاليحا و ي ر حمه ن ك لمو تم النالمت ،ح الت م اه أهل ال،م الاامخور ه مق ص

الشاي،ح اإلم ميحا وم لو ته . وتتم ل هلص الا يح الم لل الت ليح

الم مل األول القاآر الاي .

الم مل ال ن المنح الن ويح الشايمح. الم مل ال لا اإلجم ا. الم مل الاا ع القي س.

الم مل الخ مس القوال المقهيح. الم مل الم س ن الج اا إضااا لمق ومح واج ته .

الم مل الم ع األ ، المختممح ل ن الج اا. الم مل ال مر ال ، الق نون

First Issue: The Holy Quran Many verses of the Holy Quran the Muslim legal

scholar can use to deduce the Islamic Sharea’s

opinion in constructing the iron wall on the

borders between Gaza Strip and Egypt, such as:

المطلب األول: القرآن الكريم.

القاآر الاي ال، ي مر النصوم الت ،لق وا الشال لممللح ن يمر مر خ له امتن الح

منه الج اا المو ل لمو الح و ير ق ا وزو ومصاا د م يم

1- Allah-May He be glorified

says:

﴾ if anyone killed a person

not in retaliation of

murder, or to spread

mischief in the land – it

would be as if he killed all

أنددد مدددر قتدددل نممددد ك غيدددا نمدددسا أو ﴿ولددد ت،ددد لو ق -1لنم قتدل الند س جمي،د ك ا 1 ﴾ م ا األال

أ -احمدد ال ت،دد لو- قدد ل اإلمدد ا ددر يددا مد أو قصد ما مدر مد ل غيدا نممك قتل ومر

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26 | P a g e

mankind, and if anyone

saved a life, it would be as

if he saved the life of all

mankind﴿.

The great Muslim scholar Ibn Katheer –

mercy be upon him-said:( It means that

whosoever kills a person without

justification i.e. punishment or penalty,

and regards this killing lawful is like

killing the whole humanity because there

is no difference between one person or

another. Also, the Muslim scholar Al Saadi

said: “this verse indicates that killing is

permissible “halal” only in two cases:

First, once someone premeditatedly

murders an innocent person in retaliation

of murder and he was an equivalent adult

and not the father of the murdered; and

here killing is permissible. Second, the one

who spread mischief in the land by

corrupting people’s religion, health and

money such as: apostate disbelievers, war

wagers against Allah, propagandists for

innovate matters, and highway rubbers,

or any one attacks people to kill them or

get their money”

And as the killing of a soul is not

legitimate but only in case of punishment,

or corruption in earth, this shows the

gravity of killing a soul without having the

two justifications stated in the former

sacred verse. Likewise, the wall is the

cause of killing many people by a variety

of means, such as poverty, hunger and

ailment, etc.

؛جن يددح و امدد ل دد قتمهدد وامددتحل األالا دد ددير لندد ص ددال ألندد جمي،كدد ؛ الندد س قتددل لنمد 1 ونمس نمس

يجدوز القتدل أر لمدو اآليدح و ل،"ق ل اإلم الم،

دد مت،مدد اك حددلا غيددا نممدد ك يقتددل أر إمدد أمدداير لحدد والد ا لديس ام د ك مممد ك د ر إر ؛قتم يحل إن ؛لل

مددد ا لممقتدددول إ مددد ص األالا ددد مممددد اك يدددور أر وا لمدددددددد ا أمددددددددواله أو اأ دددددددد انه أو االندددددددد س أل يدددددددد ر الددددلير ال دددد ا إلددددو والدددد ل و والمحدددد ا يرا االماتدددد يردددددددلل ا لقتدددددددل إ شددددددداه ينددددددد اال ايدددددددل ق ددددددد ا و

أخددددل أو لقددددتمه ا الندددد س لمددددو يصددددول ممددددر ونحددددوه ا . 1 "أمواله

1- Allah-May He be glorified says: ﴾ And

those who annoy believing men and

women undeservedly, they bear (on

themselves) the crime of slander and

plain sin. ﴿ This verse indicates the great guiltiness for

annoying Muslim believing men and women in

general, especially if this annoyance reaches

the level of severe harm leading to the death of

some of them, or their starvation; and this can

be caused by constructing the iron wall.

Al Alousi-mercy be upon him- said: “Anyone

did what leads to the harm of believers by

word and deed. And what Allah says: ﴾they

واللير ي لور الم منير والم من ، غيا مد قول ت، لو ﴿-2 م ك م ين ك تم وا ق احتمموا هت ن ك وا i ﴾ا

وهددددلص اآليددددح تدددد ل لمددددو مدددد اإل دددد الددددل يمحددددل مددددر آل ددد ر للددد المددد منيرا والم منددد ، شدددل لددد ا مددديم إلا

إضددااااك يدد إلددو لول دد صددل إلددو حدد اإلضددااا ي اإليددلا الجدددددد اا للدددددد مددددددو، ،ضدددددده ا أو جددددددوله ا وللدددددد ل ندددددد

المو ل الل ي إلو لل يقين ك م هو م،مو . د يتدللور مد هد يم،مدورأ " احمد ال ق ل اآللومد

قدد احتممددوا هت ندد ك ﴿مدد ح ن قولدد ....و ،ددلا أو قددول مددر م ك م ين ك . ii شني، ك ، ك أ ﴾اوا

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bear (on themselves) the crime of slander

and plain sin. ﴿which means an atrocious

deed.

3- Allah-May He be glorified says: ﴾ And do

not kill yourselves (nor kill one

another). Surely, Allâh is Most Merciful

to you. ﴿

And this is a direct evidence for the prohibition

of suicide, and the killing of other Muslims.

Al Alousi-mercy be upon him- said: “:﴾And do

not kill yourselves﴿ means not killing each

other, and Allah uses this expression to

exaggerate in condemnation and reproach.

Also, Prophet Mohammed-mercy be upon him-

said:" Believers are like the whole body".

Similarly, Al Hassan, Ataa', Al Suddi and Al

Jubbaii stated on this issue.

دد ﴿قولدد ت،دد لو -3 دد ر إر المدد و تقتمددوا أنممدد . iii ﴾احيم ك

ددلل وهددلا ليددل صددايك لمددو تحدداي قتددل الممددم لنممدد ا و قتم لغياص مر الممممير.

تقتمددوا و ﴿ - احمدد ال -قدد ل اآللومدد أ ﴾ أنممدد لدددر المنهددد الددد ،ل لدددر ول دددا ،ضددد كا ،ضددد يقتدددل

" الحد يا د وا وقد الزجداا د لمم لغح ألنمس قتمه لددددو" (iv) الواحدددد دددد لنمس الم منددددور الحمددددر لهددددل هددددلا وا

. v والج والم ول Second issue: The prophetic tradition

"Sunna". Many texts of sound Hadiths have clearly stated

that it is unlawful to kill Muslims, shed their

blood, or causing harm to them in general at all

levels, as seen in the following texts:

نف: السنة النبوية الشريفة.المطلب الثاال، يدد مددر النصددوم الح ي يددح الصددحيحح التدد ،لقدد وا

و المنددع قتدل الممددم ا وتحدداي مدم مدد ا صداح، تحددايمددددددر إلحدددددد ل الضدددددداا لممددددددم شددددددل لدددددد لمددددددو جميددددددع

توي ،ا ومر لل م يم المم1- On authority of Ibn Masoud- May Allah be

pleased with him-who said: The messenger

of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be

upon him- said: The blood of a Muslim may not be legally split other than in one of three (instances): the married person who commits adultery; a life for a life; and one who forsakes his religion and abandons the community.

What is elicited from this Hadith is: Prophet –

PBUH- has clarified the instances where a

Muslim preserved blood can be shed, and this

indicates that it is unlawful to shed the blood of

a Muslim except for cases stated in the Hadith.

To illustrate, prophet Mohammed begun the

Hadith by saying: (may not be legally split)

and then he mentioned the exception particle "

Istithnaa", and it is known that exception

proceeded by a negation indicates limitation as

it is agreed upon scholars.

لدددر ل دددد ال ددددر ممدددد،و اضدددد ال ت،دددد لو لندددد -1 ال لميدددد ومددددم قدددد ل قدددد ل امددددول ال صددددمو

ممددددم يشدددده أ إلدددد إ ال وأندددد يحددددل امددددا امدددددددول ال إ إحددددددد ددددددد ا ال يدددددددل الزانددددددد ا والددنمس دد لنمسا والتدد ا ل يندد الممدد ال لمجم لددح

vi . صددمو ال لميدد -وجدد ال لددح مددر هددلا الحدد يا أر الن دد

دددير األمددد ل التددد ت ددديك قتدددل الممدددم الم،صدددو - ومدددم يدد ل لمددو أر الممددم يجددوز أر يمددم مدد ا لدد ا وممدد ا

دددد أ - -أو تمددددت ح نممدددد إ هددددلص األلددددلاا؛ ألر الن دددد ح ي ددد ددد لنم قولددد يحدددل ددد لدددا أ او ا مدددت ن ا ومدددر الم،مدددو أر ا مدددت ن إلا ددد ر ممددد وق ك ددد لنم ؛ إنددد

يمي الحصا م هو مقاا لن أهل ال،م .

2- On authority of Abu Huraira- May Allah be

pleased with him-who said: The messenger لددر أ دد هايدداو اضدد ال ت،دد لو لندد قدد ل قدد ل -2

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of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be

upon him- said:

Avoid the seven great sins,

The companions said: O

Messenger of Allah, What

are they? He said: joining

others in worship with

Allah, magic, killing a

person not in retaliation of

murder, eating usury

"Riba", devour of orphans'

substance, fleeing from the

battle field "Jihad" and

accusation of innocent

believing women.

This Hadith shows that the killing of preserved

person is one of the deadly sins that makes the

sinner subject to the punishment of Allah and leads

to entering hell.

المو قدددددد ،ا " اجتن ددددددوا المدددددد ع - -امددددددول ال قددد ل الشدددا ددد لا اقددد لوا يددد امدددول ال ومددد هدددر

والمدددحاا وقتدددل الدددنمس التددد حدددا ال إ ددد لحلا وأل الا ا وأل م ل اليتدي ا والتدول يدو الزحد ا

. 1 "وقل الغ ، الم من ،

أر قتل الدنمس الم،صدومح ي،ت دا مدر ق ير هلا الح يا

ددد ا الدددلنول المهمدددح التددد ت،دددال صددد ح ه ل،قددد ل ال وت،ت ا م ك مر أم ل خول جهن .

3- On authority of Jabir Bin Abdullah- May

Allah be pleased with him-who said: The

messenger of Allah -peace and blessings of

Allah be upon him- said:

Whosoever fails a Muslim in

a position where he is

profaned and dishonored;

Allah Shall fail him in a

position where he needs to

be supported. And

whosoever supports a

Muslim in a position where

he is profaned and

dishonored; Allah shall

support him in a position

where he needs to be

supported.

Moral of this Hadith: Prophet

Mohammed –PBUH- clarified the

consequences of failing a Muslim brother

in this life and the hereafter once he needs

a hand. And this is a clear indication that it

is unlawful to fail Muslims and not support

them. In contrast, Muslims shall stand by

the side of their Muslim brothers, support

them in attaining their rights, and support

them with money, men in any other

possible ways.

قدد ل لددر جدد ا ددر ل دد ال اضدد ال لنهمدد قدد ل -3امدددول ال صدددمو ال لميددد ومدددم " مددد مدددر امددددا ا يخدددلل امددداأك ممدددمم ك ددد موضدددع تنتهددد يددد حامتددد ا وينددتقم يدد مددر لاضدد ؛ إ خللدد ال دد مددو ر يحل يد نصدات ا ومد مدر امدا ينصدا ممدمم ك د موضدددع يندددتقم يددد مدددر لاضددد ا وينتهددد يددد مدددر

. 1 "حامت ؛ إ نصاص ال مو ر يحل نصات

ددددير -صددددمو ال لميدددد ومددددم -وجدددد ال لددددح أر الن دددد ال،ق ل ال نيو وال،ق ل األخاو لمو مر خلل أخ ص الممدم ددد وقددد، الضددد، ا ووقددد، الح جدددح إلدددو النصددداوا و ددد هدددلا لددح واضددحح لمددو تحدداي خددل ر الممددممير ولدد نصدداته ووجددددول الوقددددو جدددد ن ه ا مددددع تلييدددد ه دددد أخددددل حقددددوقه ا وموام ته لم ل والنمس و جميع الوم ل األخا الممنح.

4- On authority of Jarir Bin Abdullah Al

Bujali- May Allah be pleased with him,

who said: The messenger of Allah -peace

لر جايا ر ل ال ال جم اض ال لن ق ل -4مدددر " -صدددمو ال لميددد ومدددم -قددد ل امدددول ال

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and blessings of Allah be upon him- said:

Whosoever made in Islam a

good innovation shall have

its credit and the credits of

those following him/her

without lessen their credits.

And Whosoever made in

Islam an ill innovation shall

have its credit and the

credits of those following

him/her without lessen their

credits.

Moral of this Hadith: Whosoever made a

good or evil deed shall bear the

consequences of this deed. If this deed was

good, he/she shall be awarded and have

like the award of all those who follow

him/her. And similarly, those who innovate

a bad deed shall be punished by bearing

their sins and have sins like those who

follow them. And therefore, this wall is

considered to be a new innovation

regarding the borders of neighboring

countries as the construction of the iron

wall between two neighboring countries

hardly could exist between neighboring

countries around the world. And this action

is considered to be a bad action from many

sides that this research is going to shed

light on.

م أجاه ا وأجا مدر ؛ اإلم منح حمنحمر لمل ه مر ، ص مر ويا أر ينقم مر أجواه

ر لمي ؛ش ا ومر مر اإلم منح مي حوزاهددد ا ووزا مدددر لمدددل هددد مدددر ويدددا أر يدددنقم

. 1 "مر أوزااه ش

وجددد ال لدددح أر أ إنمددد ر ي،مدددل لمددد ك مدددر خيدددا أو شددداا ال،مدددل ال،مدددل؛ دددإر ددد ر للددد حمدددل ت ،ددد ، هدددلالميددد أر يت

خياا؛ك أجا لمو لمم وحصل لمو م دل دوال الدلير يقتد ور لل مر ا ت ا لم ك مي ك؛ إند ي دو ايل الخياا و إ للد ال،مدلا وم دل إ د مدر اقتد د ا لدلا يمنند القدول ددلر ندد الجدد اا المددو ل ددير الدد ولتير المتجدد واتير يدد

جميع أنح ال، ل دير الد ول المتجد واوا لدلا ي،ت دا يوج هدددلا الجدددد اا لددددحك ج يدددد وك يمددد يت،مددددل لحدددد و ددددير الدددد ول المتجددد واوا وهدددلا ال،مدددل ي،ت دددا لمددد ك مدددي ك مدددر خددد ل أ ،ددد

ياو ميت تممي الضو لميه مر خ ل هلا ال حا.

5- On authority of Abu Bakra Al Thaqafi-

May Allah be pleased with him-who said:

The messenger of Allah -peace and

blessings of Allah be upon him- said: Whoever killed a Mu'ahid (a

person who is granted the

pledge of protection by the

Muslims) shall not smell the

fragrance of Paradise though

its fragrance can be smelt at a

distance of forty years (of

traveling)".

Moral of this Hadith: Prophet

Mohammed –PBUH- has definitely

clarified that it is unlawful to kill a

contracted free non Muslims and regarded

this as one of the great sins, and its

punishment is a clear proof of this. With

greater reason, what is the penalty of the

killer of a Muslim: either in direct way by

attacking him/her or in indirect way by

doing something that leads to the death of

this Muslim whose life is preserved from

لددر أ دد دداو ال قمدد اضدد ال ت،دد لو لندد قدد ل -5مر قتل " -صمو ال لمي ومم -ق ل امول ال

ر اا حدح ا غيا حقه ل ياح اا حح الجندح اك م، ه وا . 1 "الجنح لتوج مر ممياو م ح ل صدمو ال لميد -وج ال لح مدر هدلا الحد يا أر الن د

ل الددددنمس الم، هدددد وا ددددير شددددل قدددد ع تحدددداي قتدددد -ومددددم والت اهدد مددر دد ا الددلنول؛ دد ليل ال،قو ددح المتات ددح لمددو تمددد الجايمدددحا يددد ،قو دددح مدددر يقتدددل نممددد ك ممدددممح إمددد مددد م،دددل شددد ايقدددح م شددداو لتددد ا لميهددد م شددداو وا يدور مدد ك دد قتددل تمدد الددنمس الممددممح التدد لصددمه ال

وحا ا لت ا لميه ؟!

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killing by Allah?

6- On authority of Aisha- May Allah be

pleased with her-who said: The messenger

of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be

upon him- said:

Gabriel keeps on counseling

me of the neighbor till I

thought that he is going to

inherit him.

Moral of this Hadith: This Hadith stresses on the

prophetic direction of neighbors, and treat them

kindly even if Christians and Jews. And with

greater reason, Muslim neighbors are more

entitled?! They have the same religion, worship

one God, and have the same concerns, pains and

hopes. Undoubtedly, this indicates the stress on

neighbors’ right, and gravity of the sin resultant

from harming neighbors either in a direct or

indirect way.

Writers of Prophet Mohammed’s history

mentioned that the Prophet –Peace Be Upon Him-

had a Jew neighbor, and the prophet used to be

kind to him. One day, the Jew neighbor fell ill, so

the prophet visited him and this confirms the

neighbors’ right that the Holy Quran and Prophetic

traditions “Sunna” have called for.

لدددد، قدددد ل لددددر ل شددددح اضدددد ال ت،دددد لو لنهدددد ق -6مدد زال ج ايددل " امددول ال صددمو ال لميدد ومددم

. 1 "يوصين لج ا حتو رنن، أن ميوا وج ال لح مر هلا الح يا أن ي لمدو شد و الوصد يح

الجد ا مددر للدد لجد اا وم، ممتد إلحمدد ر حتدو لددو د ر الج ا مممم ك؟! ي ير ير لل لو ر ي أهل الت لا

واح هو وج اص وي، ور ا ك واح اكا ويحممور نمس الهمو ا لمدددددو لرددددد يدددد ل واآل ا واآلمدددد لا هدددددلا يدددد ل ددددد ايدددددل

للددد الوصددد يح لجددد اا ولرددد الدددلنل المتاتدددل لمدددو إيدددلا الج اا واإلضااا شل م شاا أو ويا م شا.

ال لميد ومدم صدمو -وق لدا أصدح ل المديا أر الن د د ر الن د - -لميد الصد و والمد - ر ل جد ا يهدو ا و

يحمدددر إليددد ا مدددال للددد اليهدددو يومددد كا دددلهل الن ددد واصا تليد اك لمدو حدل الجد اا الدل صمو ال لمي ومم يز

. 1 أوصو القاآر الاي والمنح الن ويح7- On the authority of Anas –May Allah be

pleased with him-who said: The messenger

of Allah-peace and blessing of Allah be

upon him-said:

The believer is the one who

people trust nuisance, the

Muslim is one who does not

harm other Muslims by

hand or tongue, and the

immigrant is the one who

abandons evil. And I swear

by the one who holds my

soul that the servant who

harms his neighbor will not

enter Paradise.

Moral of this Hadith: This hadith includes the

basic merits that Muslims should be characterized

by, such as being meek i.e. he /she does not harm

other Muslims by speech, actions, etc. Explicitly,

this reflects that a Muslim has to do good to his

Muslim brother as much as possible.

-لر أنس اض ال لند قد ل قد ل امدول ال -7- المدد مر مددر أمندد الندد سا والممددم مددر مددم"

الممدددممور مدددر لمددد ن ويددد صا والمهددد جا مدددر هجدددا المددو ا والددل نممدد يدد ص يدد خل ل دد الجنددح

. 1 يلمر ج اص وا ق "

يدد ل هددلا الحدد يا لمددو الصددم ، األم مدديح التدد ين غدد أر تدددور ددد الممدددم ا ومنهددد أر يدددور ممددد لم ك لمممدددممير يضدداه ددل شددل مددر األشدد لا مددوا لددر ايددل الممدد ر أو لدددر ايدددل اليددد ا وهدددلا يددد ل وضدددوح لمدددو وجدددول أر يحمددددر الممددددم إلددددو أخيدددد الممددددم قدددد ا اإلمدددد را ولمددددو

حمل ا مت لح.

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8- On the authority of Abullah Bin Umar –

May Allah be pleased with him- that

Prophet Mohammed- Peace and blessings

of Allah be upon him-said:

A Muslim is the brother of

a Muslim; he neither

oppresses nor does he fail

him. Whosoever aids his

Muslim brother, Allah will

aid him. Whosoever

removed a worldly grief

from a believer, Allah will

remove from him one of the

grieves of the Day of

Judgment. Whosoever

shields a Muslim, Allah will

shield him in the Day of

Judgment.

Moral of this Hadith: This hadith reflects the

credit for the Muslim who helps his Muslim

brothers, relieves them and calms their pains.

Additionally, it shows that it is forbidden to wrong

Muslims, or hand them to their enemies who plot

conspiracies to destruct Islam and wipe out Islamic

beliefs in the hearts of believers.

Unquestionably, these explicit sound Hadiths

prove that this wall is considered to be a severe

oppression against the besieged Palestinians in the

Gaza strip. Also, it is a betrayal of Muslims

through increasing the strength of the Israeli

enemy and tightening the grip around resistance

movements in Gaza, violation of the right of

neighbors that Islam emphasizes on. Last but not

least, it is a deliberate fail of Muslim brothers as

they are unconcerned regarding actions taking

place and the passions of this poor nation that

increase day by day.

ل دد ال ددر لمددا اضدد ال لنهمدد أر امددول لددر -8الممدم أخدو الممدم ا "ال صمو ال لمي ومم قد ل

ومدددر ددد ر ددد ح جدددح أخيددد ا ا يرممددد ا و يمدددمم ومدر داج لدر ممدم ا دح داج ا ر ال ح جتد

ومدددر مدددتا اال لنددد ا دددح مدددر ا ددد ، يدددو القي مدددح . 1 "مممم متاص ال يو القي مح

لمدددددو ال دددددوال المتاتدددددل لمدددددو الحددددد يا أيضددددد ك يددددد ل هدددددلامم ل و الممم ألخي الممدم ا و دوال مدر مد،و د تمداي

ددير أيضددد ك مدد ا دد ، الممددمميرا والتخميدد مدددر آ مهدد ا مدددد م ألل ا دددد الددددلير يتا صددددور تحدددداي رمدددد الممددددم ا وا الددد وا ا لممدددمميرا وييددد ور الم ددد لهددد ولدددح اإلمددد

ا ال،قي و اإلم ميح مر ص وا ال، .ونز

هلص األح يا الصدحيحح ال دو،ا والصدايحح ال لدح ت دير

الجد اا ي،ت دا رممد ك يدااك للد م يد ا مجد ك لمشد أر لمشدد،ل المممدد ين المح صددا دد ق دد ا وددزوا و يدد أيضدد ك إمدد الممددم ألخيدد الممددم مددر خدد ل زيدد و ق ضددح ال،دد و اليهو ا وتش ي الخن ل لمو اق ح المق ومح وزوا و ي

ليهدد ا وأدد لميهدد إإخدد ل حقددول الجدد ا التدد ن دد اإلمدد يضددد ك خدددل ر واضدددك مدددر ق ددددل ددد أح يدددا يددداوا و يددد أ

األخدددددوو الممدددددممير ددددد لددددد اتددددداا ه مددددد يجدددددا ا ولددددد ، يو لمو هلا الشد،ل اهتم مه آل الت تز ا يوم ك

الممير.

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Third Issue: Consensus of Islamic legal

scholars.

Scholars of the Islamic nation in all times have

agreed that a Muslim shall support the Muslim

brother, especially if he was oppressed. Also, they

agreed that the entire Islamic nation shall stop

invaders and fight them.

Muslim scholars have agreed that the Muslim

Palestine occupied since long time by Zionists

must be liberated by Muslims. Furthermore, they

have to aid its people, stop oppression and

alleviate the pains inflected upon by this brutal

enemy. Therefore, Jihad is an obligation for all

Muslims, everyone according to his/her efforts and

abilities in order to purify this blessed country

from the cruel Zionists. The existence of the wall

increases obstacles that hinder the realization of

this aim, and this violates the consensus of

Muslims.

المطلب الثال : اإلجماع

اتمدددل لممددد األمدددح اإلمددد ميح قددد يم كا وحددد ي ك لمدددو وجدددول نصدداو الممددم ألخيدد الممددم ا مدديم إلا دد ر مرمومدد كا مدد ور يدد ا اإلمدد ؛ ان،قدد اإلجمدد ا لمددو أندد إلا وددزا المشددا

1 قت له و ،ه .وجل لمو األمح مه ص ه ا و وقدد أجمددع الممددممور لمددو أر ممدد ير الممددممح التدد احتمهدد اليهددو منددل زمددر يتحددت لمددو جميددع الممددممير الت،دد ور وحشدد الجهو مر أجل تحاياه ا ومم ل و أهمه ؛ لا ع الرم لنه ا وتخمي اآل الت ت،اضوا له لمو يد هدلا ال،د و المجدا ا

قددد صددد ا ايضدددح لينيدددح لمدددو ومدددر هنددد نقدددول دددلر الجهددد جميددع الممددممير ددل قدد ا جهدد صا وامددت لت ؛ لت هيددا هددلص ددح مددر اليهددو المجدداميرا ووجددو الجدد اا يزيدد األال الم امدددر ال،وا دددل التددد تحدددول ور تحقيدددل هدددلص الغ يدددحا ويخددد ل

إجم ا الممممير. Fourth Issue: Juristic reasoning

"deduction". The opinion of Islamic Sharea laws on the wall’s

case can be elicited through the use of Juristic

reasoning, as follows:

First: Equivalency of Killing and

Imprisonment: It is known that captivation of the animal and

killing it by depriving it of food and drink till its

death is considered as one of the great deadly sins,

as the hadith about the woman who imprisoned a

cat and deprived it from food and drink till its

death and accordingly she was punished by

entering hell. Hence, this severe penalty i.e.

entering hell- for killing an animal by imprisoning

it. With a greater reason, what is the penalty for

confining a human being?! And what is the penalty

of imprisoning a million and a half Muslim human

beings through barbed wires, and tightening the

siege more and more by constructing the iron

wall?!

.المطلب الرابع: القياس

يمننددد امتيضددد ح الحددد الشدددال ددد قضددديح الجددد اا مدددر خ ل امتخ ا ليل القي سا ولل م يم

أوال: القياس علك القتل بالحبس.مدددر الم،مدددو أر حددد س الحيدددوارا وقتمددد لدددر ايدددل من،ددد

ايمدددو، ي،ت دددا مدددر ددد ا الدددلنولال ،ددد ا والشددداال حتدددو م ل لمو لل ح يا المداأو التد ح مد، الهداو ومن،تهد مددر ال ،ددد والشددداال حتدددو م تددد،ا نددد، لقو تهددد خدددول

لا قمندد 1 الندد ا تغمددير ال،قو ددح دد خول الندد ا لمددو مددر ا وا تدددور ال،قو دددح المتات دددح لمدددو يددد قتدددل الحيدددوار ح مددد ا

دح المتات دح لمدو حد س مميدور وم ال،قو ا ح س اإلنم ر؟! إنم ر ممم لر ايدل حصد اص ألمد المميور ونص

الشددد حا وتشددد ي الحصددد ا أ دددا دددل ا لدددر ايدددل نددد .الج اا المو ل ؟!

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Second: Equivalency to killing for Bearing

Witness for Falsehood: Egypt’s siege basing on false allegation are

equivalent to the death penalty of the person who,

intentionally, bears witness for falsehood against a

Muslim leading to the death of this innocent

person or pay all money lost if the harm affects the

money. In this context, Al Shaabi narrates that

(two men witnessed before Ali-May Allah be

pleased with him-that a man has stolen money. So,

Ali ordered to cut the man’s hand .Then, the two

men came and said that they were wrong and the

man was not the thief. Ali says: “If I knew that you

intended to do this, I would have cut your hands”)

and no one of the Companions has opposed this

opinion, so there is a consensus.

Bearing Witness for Falsehood in this

context appears in two sides: 1. Allegations that drugs come from Egypt to

the Gaza Strip through the tunnels, and this

is untrue since all evidence reveal that:

there are no planting or manufacturing of

drugs as the strip witnesses safety and

stability.

2. Statements said here and there about the

violation of the Egyptian sovereignty on its

lands, or threat of the Egyptian national

security. In fact, both are refuted as Gaza

strip is considered to be the protection of

the sovereignty and national security of

Egypt against the occupying Israeli entity.

All these testimonies based upon in

building the iron wall are falsehood

witnesses, and what is built on foul is foul,

and accordingly the construction of the iron

wall is based on invalid evidence that

causes harm to a whole nation.

ثانيا: القياس علك القتل بش.ادة الزورمددر شدده لمددو إنمدد ر شدده و زواا قتددل مرمومدد ك مدد ل

إلا ت،مدد للدد ا أو يضددمر ؛ا إندد يقددتم مندد تمدد شدده ت م تم مدر م لد إلا لحدل األمدا لمد ل لمد او الشد،

لمدددو اجدددل اضددد ال لنددد أر اجمددير شددده ا لنددد لمددد قددد أخ لنددد لددديس هدددلا هددددو لمددداقحا ق ،ددد ا ددد لددد اا

؛لدددددددددو لممدددددددد، أنمدددددددد ت،مددددددددد تم " قدددددددد ل لمدددددددد المدددددددد ال؛"((لق ،تمددددددد

ا و مخددددددد ل لددددددد ددددددد الصدددددددح ح يدددددددور 1 إجم ل ك.

وتظ.ر صورة ش.ادة الزور هنا من وج.ين:

الدددد لو ددددلر المخدددد اا، تصددددل مددددر ق دددد ا وددددزو إلددددو -1ويددددا صددددحيك؛ ألر ددددل للدددد مصددددا ل ددددا األنمدددد لا

وجدد دد ق دد ا وددزو زاالددح أو ت لندد الدد ل تقددولمدددر أمدددر يشددده ص ق ددد ا ودددزو ا لمددد تصددنيع لممخددد اا،

. وامتقااامدددد صدددد ا دددد هددددلا الج نددددل مددددر أقددددوال هندددد وهندددد -2

نتهدددد المددددي و المصددددايح لمددددو أااضدددديه ا أو ته يدددد يشدده أر الددل الواقددعي دد ص األمددر القددوم المصددا ا

ا ودددزو يم دددل مددد اك مني،ددد ك لممح ردددح لمدددو مدددي و ق ددد مصاا وأمنه القوم مر الي ر اليهو المحتل.

وهلص الشه ا، الت ت ا متن إليه ند الجد اا إنمد ه شه ا، زواا وم ن لمو دل هدو دلا ولميد إر ن الجد اا ممدتن إلدو ليدل دل يت،د ضدااص إلدو

. 1 ش،ل لمم

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Fifth Issue: Juristic principles. Islamic legal scholars set out comprehensive legal

rules that include many partial legal judges; some

of these rules that can be relied on determining the

legal judge of the iron wall are mentioned

hereunder:

First Rule: Damage has to be left It is well known that the Palestinian people have

faced many attempts to break its will and

steadfastness made by the Occupying enemy, such

as imposing a tightened siege on those people from

all sides: sea, land and air borders. Therefore,

Islamic countries, in general, and neighboring

countries, in particular, have to unite and co-

operate aiming at lifting this damage caused by the

strict siege imposed on those poor people, based on

the rule of “Damage has to be left”.

Second Rule: Bearing the Private Harm to

lift the General Harm Based on this rule: all statements and allegations

which claim that reasons lying behind the wall’s

construction is the damage caused to Egypt by

tunnels dug at the frontier area are refuted by

saying that if these allegations are true harm

caused by tunnels can never be compared with

harm fall on upon the Palestinian People by the

construction of this iron wall. In case of Egypt, the

harm touches some individuals or small groups.

However, for Palestinian People harm falls on all

members of the society.

Third Rule: Necessities justify Prohibitions . This legal rule justifies digging tunnels through

which lots of basic commodities and medicines

enter the Gaza Strip.

المطلب الخامس: القواعد الفق.ية يددااك مددر ،لقدد مدد ا ال،ممدد قوالدد قهيددح ج م،ددح تضددمن

القوالددد التددد يمدددر تمددد األحددد الشددداليح الجز يدددحا ومدددر ا مددددتن إليهدددد دددد م،ا ددددح الحدددد الشددددال ل ندددد الجدددد اا

-المو ل م يم 1 أوال: قاعدة " الضرر يزال"

مدددددر الم،مدددددو أر الشددددد،ل المممددددد ين ت،دددددال ل يدددددا مدددددر هددد مدددا اايدددح ؛المحددد و ، التددد نمدددله ال،ددد و المحتدددل

المحدد و ، ددال الحصددد ا تمددد المق ومددح والصددمو ا ومددر ال حايددح وال ايددح المشدد لمددو الشدد،ل مددر جميددع الجهدد ،

ميح لمومد ك و ول ولدلل وجدل لمدو الد ول اإلمد ؛والجويح هدددد إزالددددح هددددلا ؛الجددددواا خصوصدددد ك التدددد ت ا والت،دددد ور

الضددددداا مدددددر جددددداا الحصددددد ا الشددددد ي لدددددر هدددددلا الشددددد،ل ن ك لمو ق ل و "الضاا يزال". ؛الممير

ثانياااا: قاعااادة " يتحمااال الضاااارر الخااااص لااادةع الضاااارر

. 1 العام" ند ك لمددو هدلص الق لدد و نقدول ددلر األقدوال والمددزال التدد

تدد ل ددلر المدد ل دد ندد هددلا الجدد اا هددو تضدداا مصددا الشدددددقيقح مدددددر وجدددددو األنمددددد ل التددددد حمدددددا، ددددد المن قددددددح

المددزال لدد ر تمدد لندد لددو صدد ق، يمنندد الددا الح و يددحا الضاا الواقع م ل وجو األنم ل يقد ار حجد الضداا الواقع لمو الشد،ل المممد ين ند هدلا الجد ااا لضداا الواقع لمو ،ل األ داا د جمهوايدح مصدا الشدقيقح إنمد

ينمدددد الضدددداا الواقددددع ايتندددد ول أ دددداا اك أو جم لدددد ، صددددغياومد هلا الش،ل لمو الش،ل الممم ين يتن ول جميع أ اا

.أجمع

. 1 ثالثا: قاعدة "الضروراخ المحظوراخ"يمر ا مت ل هلص الق ل و المقهيح لمو ت ايا حما األنم ل الت لر ايقه ت خل ال يا مر الموا الغلا يح وال وا إلدو

ق ا وزو.

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Sixth Issue: Construction of the wall:

Hurting the Palestinian resistance and its

members.

Many verses of the holy Quran and the prophetic

traditions urge Muslims to fight in the cause of

Allah due to the fruitful results of performing

Jihad for the entire Islamic nation, such as the

following text:

المطلاااب الساااادس: بناااا الجااادار ضااارار بالمقاوماااة ورجاالت.ا:

لق وا ، ال يا مر نصوم القداآر الداي والمدنح الن ويدح الت تحل الممممير لمو القي مايضح الجه م يل ال لز وجدلا وللد لمد يتاتدل لمدو إق مدح ايضدح الجهد مددر مصدد لك لرمددو لسمددح اإلمدد ميح مهدد جم،دد ا ومددر

-هلص النصوم م يم

First: Verses of the Holy Quran: 1- Allah- May He be glorified-

says:﴾Permission to fight (against

disbelievers) is given to those

(believers) who are fought against,

because they have been wronged;

and surely, Allâh is Able to give them

(believers) victory﴿ .

2- Allah-May He be glorified-

says:﴾March forth, whether you are

light (being healthy, young and

wealthy) or heavy (being ill, old and

poor), and strive hard with your

wealth and your lives in the Cause of

Allâh. This is better for you, if you

but know﴿.

3- Allah- May He be glorified- says:﴾O

you who believe! Fight those of the

disbelievers who are close to you, and

let them find harshness in you; and

know that Allâh is with those who

are Al-Muttaqûn (the pious.) ﴿ .

: أوال: اآلياخ القرآنيةر قولدد ت،دد لو ﴿ -1 ألر لمددلير يقدد تمور ددلنه رممددوا وا

1 ﴾الم لمو نصاه لق يا قول ت، لو ﴿ -2 انماوا خم ك و ق ك وج ه وا لموال

م يل الم 1 ﴾وأنمم ان يا:﴿ قول ت،د لو -3 ين يلواونكوم مي ين آمنواوا قااتيلووا الاحي أي.ا الاحي

لظة واعلمووا أن الله مع الموتقيين دووا ةييكوم غي 1 ﴾الكوفاري وليجي

Second: The Prophetic Traditions

“Hadith”: 1- Prophet Mohammed- Peace and

Blessings Be Upon Him-was asked

what are the best deeds? he said:

believing in Allah and His messenger.

The man said: What’s next? The

prophet said: Jihad for Allah’s sake.

He was asked: What comes after? He

said: pilgrimage.

2- On authority of Abu Huraira- May Allah

be pleased with him-who said: The

messenger of Allah -peace and

ثانيا: األحادي النبوية:

م ل الن صمو ال لمي و مم أ األلم ل -1 ؟أ ضددل قدد ل إيمدد ر دد ل وامددول قدد ل دد مدد لا

؟قيدل د مد لا " د الجهد د مد يل ال "ق ل (1) " ح م اوا "ق ل

الن دددد لددددر اضدددد ال لندددد هايدددداو أ دددد لددددر -2

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blessings of Allah be upon him- said:

Allah has rewarded those

whosoever come forth to

strive in His Cause, because

he believes in Allah and His

messengers, by what he

gains of credits or plunder ,

or He will enter Paradise.

Since I would not like to

tire my Ummah, I would

never stayed behind an

expedition , and I wish that

I would be killed in the

Cause of Allah, then return

to life again and be killed,

and return to life again and

be killed.

3- On authority of Abu Huraira- May Allah

be pleased with him-who said: The

messenger of Allah -peace and

blessings of Allah be upon him- said:

A man came to the Messenger of Allah-May

Mercy and Blessings Be Upon Him- and

said: tell me about a deed that equals Jihad,

the prophet said: I couldn’t find an

equivalent and he said: Can you, once the

fighter (Mujahid) goes to fight, you enter

the mosque and stay all the nights praying

and fast all the days without eating. The

man said: No one can do that”

These verses from the holy Quran and the sound

prophetic Hadiths clearly indicate the importance

of fighting in the Cause of Allah and credits of

doing this duty. Additionally, they show that Jihad

in the Cause of Allah is considered to be one of the

greatest duties that Allah commands his Muslim

servants to do. Without doing this duty properly,

there will be no honor or empowerment for

Muslims or performance of ceremonies of Allah.

It is worth mentioning that: the iron wall causes

much severe damage that negatively affect this

great religious duty, which are illustrated as

follows:

1- It eliminates and hinders Jihad and

لمدددر ال انتددد ل " قددد ل ومدددم ا لميددد ال صدددمو ددددد إيمددددد ر إ يخاجددددد مددددد يم ا ددددد خددددداج

أجاا مر ن ل م أاج، ا أر امم ا وتص يل لمدو أشل أر ولو الجنح أ خم أو ونيمحاا أو

أقتل أن ولو ، مايحاا خم ق، ، م أمت دد أحيدد دد أقتددلا دد أحيدد دد الا مدد يل دد (1)"أقتل

جدددد قدددد ل لندددد ا ال اضدددد هايدددداو أ دددد لددددر -3

ومددددم ا لميددد ال صددددمو ال امدددول إلددددو اجدددل " قد ل الجهد ا ي،د ل لملا لمو لن ق ل أر المج ه ا خاج إلا تمت يعا هل ق ل أج ص

و وتصددددو تمتدددداا و تقددددو ممددددج تدددد خل vii "لل يمت يع ومر ق ل "تم ا

واألح يددددا الن ويددددح الصددددحيحح تدددد ل هددددلص اآليدددد ، القاآنيددددح شل واضك لمو أهميدح الجهد د مد يل الا و ضديمت ا وال وال المتاتل لمو القيد هدلص المايضدحا وتد ل لمدو أر الجهدددد دددد مددددد يل ال ي،ت ددددا مددددر ألرددددد المدددداا ل التددددد ا تاضددده ال لدددز وجدددل لمدددو ل ددد ص الممدددمميرا ددد لددددزو

الا و إق مدح لشد، ا ال لمممممير و تمير له د األ إ لقي هلص المايضح لمو الوج األمل.

أر هدددلا الجددد اا المدددو ل أيضددد ك إليددد وممددد يجددد ا التن يددد

يمدد ل يددااك مددر األضددااا ال،ريمددح التدد تدد ا مددم ك لمددو هلص المايضح الا نيحا ومر هلص األضااا م يم

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resistance;

2- It hurdles the arrival of relief, supply

and requirements needed for

Muslimfighters (Mujahideen);

3- It aids the Zionist enemy in tightening

the siege on the Gza Strip either by a

direct or indirect way;

4- It increases concepts of division

promulgated by enemies of Islam, and

weakens the unity of the Islamic

territories;

5- It alleviates burdens put on the

shoulders on the Zionist enemy, and

secures an area where no military

operations can take place;

6- It weakens resistance, besieges the

means of getting arms, exhausts

resistance powers and increases costs of

military preparations in addition to the

actual shortage in this side;

7- It blocks the way recently and in future

on the face of faithful sons of the

Muslim Nation who aim to reach

Palestine and perform the duties of

fighting in the Cause of Allah and

participate in resistance.

Accordingly, instead of constructing the iron wall,

Egypt was supposed to conjugate its efforts,

resources and costs to support resistance and fight

in the Cause of Allah (Jihad), in order to preserve

religion, honor, sacred places and the Umma

(nation).

ومح والجه .أن يم ه قتل وت، يل ألم ل المق -1ي ل ل وصدول اإلو دحا واإلمد ا ا والمت م د ، -2

الجه يح لممج ه ير.

يش ا ايقح أو لخا ال، و الصدهيون د تشد ي -3 الحص ا لمو ق ا وزو.

يددداس الم،ددد ن والممددد هي التماقيدددح التددد ي هددد ألددد ا -4 اإلم ا ويشت، وح و األااض اإلم ميح.

قددد و لمدددو ال،ددد و الصدددهيون ا يخمددد مدددر األل ددد المم -5وي مر ل من قح يضمر منهد لد حصدول ال،مميد ،

الجه يح.

يضدد، المق ومددحا ويح صددا ددال وومدد ل الحصددول -6لمددو المدد حا ويمددتنز قدد ، المق ومددحا ويزيدد مددر تددد لي اإللددد ا اوددد المقدددا والشدددك الموجدددو ددد هدددلا

الج نل.

األمدددح يمدد ال ايدددل دد الحددد ل والممدددتق ل لمددو أ نددد -7اإلم ميح المخمصير لموصول إلو ممد ير مدر أجدل

الجه والمق ومح.

ومدر هند د ر الواجدل د ل ند الجد اا المدو ل أر توجد ؛ال قدددد ، واإلم ندددد ، والتدددد لي لدددد ل المق ومددددح والجهدددد

الدد ير والددنمس وال،ددال والشددا والمق مدد ، حم ردد ك لمددو وال .

Seventh Issue: Different sides of

constructing the wall.

Once tackling the question of the wall, it would be

found out that it has other sides rather than the

juristic one, which was tackled earlier. These are:

the humanitarian, Arab, national and neighboring

sides, that this research is going to shed light on,as

follows:

المطلب السابع: األبعاد المختلفة لبنا الجدارلددو نراندد إلدددو ممددللح الجددد اا لوجدد ن أر لهددد أ ،دد اك أخدددا

تمدد ويددا ال ،دد الشددال الددل تدد الحدد يا لندد آنمدد ك ومددر ال ،د و األ ، ال ، اإلنم ن ال ، ال،ا ال ، القوم

اإلمددد م ،ددد الجدددوااا ومدددو يدددت تمدددمي الضدددو لمدددو -األ ، م يم تم

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First: The Humanitarian Dimension:

Allah-May He be glorified- has created this human

being and made him His successor on this earth, to

populate and reform .This perfect wisdom has

been declared in the Holy Quran as Allah Says:

﴾And (remember) when your Lord said to the

angels: "Verily, I am going to place (mankind)

generations after generations on earth." They said:

"Will You place therein those who will make

mischief therein and shed blood, – while we

glorify You with praises and thanks and sanctify

You." He (Allâh) said: "I know that which you do

not know." This verse shows that the purpose lies

behind the existence of human beings is populating

the earth. This reformation cannot be done

perfectly unless a human co-operates with his

human brother, as all human beings are connected

by a common bond which is the humane fraternity

bond. In fact, the Holy Quran and the prophetic

traditions “Sunna” stress on this particular concept.

It is like what Allah- May He be glorified- says:

﴾And indeed We have honoured the Children of

Adam, and We have carried them on land and

sea, and have provided them with At-Tayyibât

(lawful good things), and have preferred them

to many of those whom We have created with a

marked preferment. ﴿

Al Alousi, a great Muslim scholar, said: “that We

have honor and various advantages them all: pious

believers, wicked disbelievers and people in

between.

{Preferred { it was said it means: the mentioned

honor in the Quranic verse {To many of those

whom We have created with a marked preferment

{which is great, i.e. this is allocated only to them

in comparison with the many other creatures,

which were not privileged as the human beings.

Al Alousi said: “What is meant by the human

being is the race which includes both believers and

disbelievers, and the exception in the verse affirms

this which indicates connection”.

On the authority of Huthaifa Bin Al Yaman –May

Allah be pleased with him- said: The messenger

of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be upon

him- said: All of you are Sons of Adam, and

.أوال: البعد اإلنسانفاقتضددددد، حمتددددد ال لغدددددح أر -مددددد ح ن وت،ددددد لو -إر ال

يخمل هلا اإلنم ر واقتض، حمت أيض ك أر يج،م خميمحك لدددددد ي،ماهدددددد ويصددددددمحه وقدددددد جدددددد ؛ دددددد هددددددلص األال

التصدددايك هدددلص الحمدددح ال لغدددح ددد التددد ل ال،زيدددز قولددد ااال ةياااف األ ﴿ ت،ددد لو رضي وا يح قاااال رباااإل ليلمال يكاااةي يناااف جاعي

ادو ةيي.اا ويسافيإلو الادما ونحانو خلييفة قالووا أتجعلو ةيي.ا مان يوفسيإل ونوقادسو لاإل قاال يناف أعلامو ماا ال تعلموااون 1 ﴾نوسابحو بيحمادي

ق ين، هلص اآليح أر اله مر وجو ن اإلنم ر لمو ل م اهدددد و يددددت اإلصدددد ح هددددلص األال هددددو إصدددد حه وا

لمددددددو الوجدددددد الم مددددددول إ ت،دددددد ور اإلنمدددددد ر مددددددع أخيدددددد ح اإلنمدد ر حيددا إر ندد آ جمي،دد ك تددا ه اا ددح مشددتادددز القددداآر الددداي أ وهددد اا دددح األخدددوو اإلنمددد نيح وقددد ا

ندددو الددد قيل ومدددر للددد قولددد والمدددنح الن ويدددح لمدددو هدددلا الم،مندددد ندددد ت، لو ﴿ ا آ وحممندددد ه دددد ال ددددا وال حددددا ولقدددد

دددر خمقنددد يددداا مم دددمن ه لمدددو وازقندد ه مدددر ال ي ددد ، و ض . 1 ﴾تمضي ك

ه و ددد جا ه ا ددد ق دددحك ج،منددد ه أ "قددد ل اإلمددد اآللومددد

ل ن دددد هدددد يحددددي جمددددحا ومح مددددر شددددا أ ددددا لو } المددددلوا دددد لتاي أ قيددددل{ و ضددددمن ه } …الحصدددداا

يداا لمدو للدد أر والمداا ا لريمد ك { تمضدي ك خمقند ممدر .ال يا إلو لنم ح ه مخصوم

لممد مر شد مل هدو الجدنس نمد ر إل وأايد "ق ل اآللوم

صددددددحح لميدددددد وامددددددت ل ا ل دددددد ن مخصددددددوم والدددددد ا 1 "ا تص ل ي األصل رأو اا مت ن

قدد ل قدد ل وقدد وا لددر حليمددح ددر اليمدد ر اضدد ال لندد

د " ومدم لميد المد صدمو المد امول م مدر وآ آ ندو ددونر أو آ دد ه يمخدداور قددو لينتهددير تدداال لمددو أهددور لي . 1 الج، ر مر الم

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Adam was created from dust. Some people shall

stop being cherish of their fathers, otherwise they

shall be less worth than beetles in the eyes of

Allah.

On authority of Abu Huraira –May Allah be

pleased with- : (Humans are Sons of Adam and

Adam was created from dust).

The concept of preferment for the human race in

general is stated directly through the verses

mentioned earlier. This general preferment

includes all sons of Adam i.e. believer, disbeliever,

pious, wicked, black and white, and it assures the

human fraternity principle which was confirmed

by Islam in many sound Islamic texts (Holy Quran

and Hadith). So, the unjustified aggression against

the human is regarded as one of most grieve sins

because it violates the honor and preferment that

Allah has endowed upon this creature.

Furthermore, Allah has clarified to the angels that

the aim of humans’ existence is reformation not

corruption or doing mischief .Undoubtedly, killing

a human by the fellow human is regarded as a

violation of this noble reason, and the great

wisdom. Therefore, constructing the wall is an

explicit violation of these noble aims, and it should

have a humane dimension; even the whole world

has to condemn the construction of the wall as it

absolutely harms this besieged population who

have little quantities of food commodities and

medicine which can barely meet their needs.

ولددر أ دد هايدداو اضدد ال لندد ما ولدد ك ... الندد س ولدد 1 آ وآ مر تاال

ومددر خدد ل هددلص األ لددح نممددس م دد أ التدداي واضددح ك جميدد ك لجدددنس اإلنمددد ر شدددل لددد ونممدددس أيضددد ك م ددد أ التمضددديل دد اه ددا ه و دد جاه أ يضدده ل ندد آ جمي،دد ك مدد منه ووأمو ه لمو وياه مر المخموق ، األخا وهدلا التداي

د و اإلنمد نيح التد لمدو م د أ األخدو ال، والتمضيل ال، ي أقاه اإلم مدر خد ل النصدوم الشداليح الصدحيحح دإلا تقاا هلا لم أر ا لت ا لمو اإلنم ر غيا حل ي،ت ا مر

دددا هدددلا المخمدددول -لدددز وجدددل-ألرددد الم، صددد ؛ ألر ال م وا لت ا لمي مر نواقل لل التداي مد أر ال و ض

ر الهدددد مددددر وجددددو الخميمددددح ددددير لمم ددددح أ -لددددز وجددددل-اإلنمدد ر اإلصدد ح ولدديس اإل مدد و شدد أر قتددل اإلنمدد ر ألخيددد اإلنمددد ر ي،ددد مخ لمددد ك وضدددوح لدددلل الهددد المددد م ا وتمددد الحمدددح اإللهيدددح ال لغدددح ولدددلل نقدددول إر إق مدددح هدددلا الجدد اا مخ لمددح صددايحح لهددلص الم،دد ن اإلنمدد نيحا وين غدد أر

ل يجل لمو ال، ل اإلنم ن أر يمدتنا يلخل ، اك إنم ني ك؛ ن هلا الج اا؛ لم يد مدر الضداا المحقدل مدح شدايح مح صاو منل منير ي خل لميه إ القميل مر الزا وال وا المدلير يميد ر لمدد ح جدح هد ال شددا المتضدااير ضدداااك

م ل الحص ا المماول منل زمر.Second: Arab and National Dimension.

In the pre-Islamic era, Arabs used to be

characterized with a host of virtuous manners,

such as generosity, relief for the needy people, and

support the weak with all possible means. To

illustrate, strangers used to visit them at any time,

in day or night, and they used to host and

hospitalize him perfectly and with full content and

conviction, even though, they were fully aware

that this would lead to sacrifice many souls and

money, and they may encounter great dangers and

hard consequences. They were pleased with this

genuine Arab principle, and even some of them

wrote the eloquent poems tackling this topic such

.ثانيا: البعد العربف والقومف

لق ر ال،ال ق ل اإلمد يتخمقدور جممدح مدر األخد ل و دددح الممهدددو ونصددداو الحميددد و مدددر أ ازهددد خمدددل الدددا وا الض،ي ق يدلتيه الضد،ي يمتنصداه ينصداون دل م ل يه مر اإلم ني ، التد يقد اور لميهد وقد د ر يمد لمدديه الغايددل دد أ وقدد، دد ر لددي ك أو نهدد ااك يضدديمون وياموندد وقدد دد نوا يم،مددور للدد مددل الاضدد وا قتندد ا ور تم م ك أنه ق ت هد هلص الش ي الن يمح مع أنه ي ا

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as what Hatim At Tai says:

Oh Daughter of Abdullah, Malik and

the two grandfathers and the youth horse

Once you prepare food bring a companion

since I never eat alone

I am generous with those who are far or

near as I fear ill reputation

I am the servant of my guest as he still in

my host, and this is the manner of the man

إلدددو التضدددحيح يددداا مدددر األنمدددس وال يدددا مدددر األمدددوال وت،اضدده لمخدد ا لريمددح وت ،دد ، شدد قح حصددا لهدد

يل ل ومع لل ق نوا احير هلا المنه ال،ا األصوصدل األمددا يددا مددنه لددنر األشدد، ا ال ميغددحا والقصدد دددد ر ومددددر للدددد قددددول حدددد ت الاا ،ددددح التدددد مدددد ا، هدددد الا

ال الوردي والفرسي الجديني حيي ويابنة مالإل وابنة اهللي بدي اع بنة أيا وحدي آكولوه لسخو ةإنف أكيالث لهو ةالتمسف الزاد صنعخي ما حا

بعدي من األحادي ي محماخي أخاىو ةإننف قريباث أو كريما قصيا

نااف اان ومااا ثاويااا دام مااا الضاايىي لعباادو وا اللااف مي اايمةو غيرهااا خي شي (viii)العبدي

Many Arabs were known for these virtues, such as:

Hatim ATai, Abdullah Bin Jadan , A Tufeil Bin

Amr A Dousi, al Abbas Bin Abd Al Muttalib ,etc.

It is well known that those Arab used to do this

because they feel themselves as one nation that

lives in this small geographical area, has the same

Arab origin, and use the same language “Arabic

tongue”. So, they cherish due to their feeling of

belonging to Arab nation.

And therefore, contemporary Arabs are supposed

to be characterized with these great virtues that the

Arab history still preserves their great models up

till the moment. And now, Palestinians, who have

hard times, do not find any of those Arabs who

share with them the Arab bond hurry to aid them.

Instead, some of those Arab- who are supposed to

relief the needy, support the weak and feed the

poor like in the days of Hatim A Tai, etc.- tighten

the siege around the necks of poor Palestinians.

وقددد اشدددتها مدددر ال،دددال يدددا ممدددر ددد نوا متصدددمير هدددلص ددددددر جدددددد ل ر الصددددددم ،امنه حدددددد ت ال دددددد ول دددددد ال

وال ميدددل دددر لمددداو ال ومددد وال، ددد س دددر ل ددد الم مدددل . ix ووياه يا

ال،دال يم،مدور للد لشد،واه أول و يخمو لمو أح أر

ددلنه أمددح واحدد و ت،ددي دد هددلص ال ق،ددح الجغاا يددح الصددغياو يجم،هددددد لمددددد ر لا ددددد واحددددد وأصدددددل لا ددددد واحددددد هددددد

شدددددد،واه نتمدددددد هددددددلص الشددددددي ان قدددددد ك مددددددر يتممددددددور ل،او ته وقوميته ال،ا يح.

لا تقاا هدلا لمد أر ال،دال اليدو ين غد لمديه أر يتصدموا وا هددلص الصددم ، الاا ،ددح التدد مدد زال التدد ايظ ال،ا دد ح ردد ك لندد صددواه المشدداقح إلددو يومندد هددلا و الشدد،ل المممدد ين الددل يمددا مدد ل ، لصددي ح يددا أحدد اك ممددر تا دد هدد اا ددح

صدا دل يشد ال،او ح يهل ممال ك لنج و هدلا الشد،ل المحلميددد الحصددد ا مدددر ،دددل ال،دددال الدددلير يمتدددال أر يدددور لندد ه نجدد و الممهددو ونصدداو الضدد،ي وا ،دد الجدد ع مدد

ن، لمو له ح ت ال ووياص.

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Third: The Islamic Dimension.

One of the things agreed upon in Islam is the

obligation to support the Muslim brother, and the

Muslim shall be rewarded by Allah if he follows

the commands of Allah and His messenger-Peace

and Blessings Be Upon him. In fact, many verses

of the Quran and sound prophetic traditions state

the duty of Muslim towards his Muslim brother

who shares with him the same religion, prophet

and holy book and agrees with him on the great

aims that every Muslim tries to realize. And this

indicates that a Muslim has to stand by the side of

his Muslim brother in hard times and troubles,

once he was demanded or he found out that his

brother was unable to face this trouble alone. To

exemplify, Allah- May He be glorified- says: ﴾The

believers are nothing else than brothers (in Islâmic

religion), ﴿ , and He-May He be glorified-says: ﴾ The

believers, men and women, are Auliyâ' (helpers,

supporters, friends, protectors) of one another﴿.

These verses clearly show that the bond of

fraternity is one of the greatest bonds that connect

a believer with his believer brother, and this

faithful fraternity is only allocated for people of

faith. Regarding the second verse, it indicates that

loyality among believers is because they follow the

same religion, and this support means affection,

love and assistance. It seems as if Allah –May He

be glorified- wants to confirm that his servant

believers have to ally, love and support each other,

and this is clearly stated in what Allah-May He be

glorified-says: ﴾ but if they seek your help in

religion, it is your duty to help them﴿. This verse

shows that believers have a duty that he cannot

give up, or derelict which is the support of his

Muslim brother at any time or place once he is

able to do so. On the other hand, if a Muslim

derelicts in this duty, he fails his Muslim brother,

and consequently deserves the penalty of Allah

that equals his failure of his Muslim brother who

asked him for support and help in hard times.

إر مر األموا المتمل لميه ير اإلم أر نصاو الممم ألخي الممم حل واجل لمي ي جا الممم إلا

امول الاي صمو ،م امت ك ألما ال لز وجلا وأما الت ل والمنح آي ، ياوا ،ال لمي ومم ا وق وا

وأح يا صحيحح ت ير واجل الممم تج ص أخي الممم ت ا ن واح ا الل يشتا م، التن ل ير واح ا وا والتزا ت ل واح ا ويتمل م، األه ا ال،رمو الت

يم،و ل ممم إلو تحقيقه ا ومم ي ل لمو وجول نزول المص ل إلا وقو الممم مع أخي الممم لن

ع مل من لل ا أو وج أخي ض، حيا يمت يلل الممم الض،ي أر يواج تم المصي ح مما صا أو

ح قول ت، لو ال لوح صا ومر هلص األ ل أر ي ع لل وقول ت، لو x ﴾ إنم الم منور إخوو ت ال،زيز ﴿

xi ﴾ ،ضه أولي ،لا والم من ، والم منور ﴿وهلص اآلي ، ت ل وضوح ل س ي أر اا ح األخوو ت،ت ا مر ألر الاوا الت تا الم مر لخي الم مرا وأر هلص األخوو اإليم نيح تنحصا أهل اإليم را وتقتصا لميه ا وت ل اآليح ال نيح لمو أر الو يح ير

ح منير إنم تور م ل إت له ل ير واح ؛ ألر الو يالم -لز وجل- لر ال ت،ن المو وا والمح حا والنصاو

ياي أر ي لمو أر ل ص الم منير يجل أر يتولو ،ضه ،ض كا ويحل ،ضه ،ض كا وينصا ،ضه

ر وا لل صايح ك قول م ح ن ﴿ ،ض كا وق وا النصا امتنصاو ا هلص اآليح xii ﴾ ال ير ،مي

يمت يع أر يتخمو لن ا و ت ير أر لمو الم مر واج ا ي ا أ وهو نصاو الممم أ يجوز ل أر يقص

إلا زم ر إلا ر ق ااك لمو نصات ا أم م را و أ ق خلل أخ ص الممم ا وق لل لن ل يورقصا

امتحل مر ال لز وجل ال،قو ح الت تتن مل مع حج خل ن ا وتقصياص نصاو أخي الممم الل مل نصات واحت ج إلو مم ل ت ا واحت ج إلو الوقو ج ن

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42 | P a g e

In the prophetic traditions “Sunna”, there are many

hadiths which confirm this great Islamic side like

what prophet- May Peace and Blessings Be Upon

Him- said: “Believers in their affection, mercy

and pettiness are like the body. Once an organ

falls sick, all the other organs are affected and

have insomnia and fever”. This brilliant image

depicted by prophet Mohammed illustrates the

level of individual and collective co-operation

between a Muslim and his Muslim brother, as he

assimilates the co-operation among Muslims to the

co-operation among other parts of the body, which

are affected and affectionate and co-operate with

the ill organ in the body; so all the body has

sleeplessness and fever for its sake. It seems as if

the Prophet- May Mercy and Blessings Be Upon

Him- tries to demonstrate the level of the fraternal

relationship which connects a Muslim with his

Muslim brother, putting into consideration that all

the Muslim Nation have the same destiny since all

Muslims in spite of their differences in: people,

color and race sail on the same boat, share the

same concerns and feel the same pains and

sorrows.

Also, the prophet- May Mercy and Blessings Be

Upon Him-said: “…A Muslim is the brother of a

Muslim: he neither oppresses him nor does fail

him”, and this hadith would be sufficient for those

who contemplate it carefully as it indicates the

forbiddance of oppressing the Muslim brother,

hand him to his disbelieving enemies to do

whatever they desire of torture or fail him on

critical times when he is in desperate need for

support, help and compassion from his Muslim

brothers.

The Muslim scholar Ibn Daqiq Al Eid – said: “The

failure is by not offering aid and support, once

being asked to repulse an oppressor without having

a legal excuse”, and Al Hafith Bin Hajar Al

Asqalani in explaining “not hand him over” said: “

it means not to leave him with whosoever hurt

him, but support and defend him”.

Another hadith reflects clearly the obligation of

supporting weak Muslims and defend them against

م لح ال،ماوا ووق، الضيل واألزم ،.

ددد لمدددو هدددلا ال ،ددد اإل مددد م وقددد وا ددد المدددنح أيضددد ك مددد ي تدددددوا ه ددددد م دددددل المددددد منير "--ال،ردددددي ددددد قدددددول الن ددددد

و مندد لضددو تدد الو وتددااحمه وت،دد مه م ددل الجمدد إلا اشددت xiii "ل م ا الجم لمها والحمو

يندد ك امددمه الن دد صددمو ال لميدد ومددم م تمدد صددواو اا ،ددحمدددد الت،دددد ور ددددير الممددددم وأخيدددد الممددددم لمددددو الممددددتو الما ا ولمو الممتو الجم ل ا حيدا شد الت،د ور دير الممدددددممير م دددددل ألضددددد الجمددددد األخدددددا التددددد تددددد ال،ا وت، مدددد،ا وت، وندددد، مددددع ال،ضددددو المددددايل دددد الجمدددد ؛

ددلر ت مدها ال د ر مدد مدر أجمدد ا وأصد الحمددو مد ا وياي أر ي ير م ال، قح األخويح الت تدا --الن

الممم لخي الممم م ين ك أر مصيا األمح اإلم ميح واح شددددددد،و ه ا حيدددددددا إر الممدددددددممير جمي،ددددددد ك لمدددددددو اخدددددددت

وألددوانه ا وأجن مدده يا ددور مددمينح واحدد وا ويحممددور نمددس الهمو واآل ا ويش،اور نمس األوج ا واألحزار.

قول "... الممم أخو الممم لر الن وق وا أيض ك ا ومو هلا الح يا لح لمر ت اص xiv يرمم و يخلل "

لمو تحاي رم الممم أخ ص الممم ا أو تممي الممم ألل ا مر ال اير يم،مور م ياي ور مر الت،ليل

والتنيلا أو خل ن وق، هو أمس الح جح لمنصاو المم ل و والت، مر ق ل إخوان المممميرو

إر الخددل ر "قدد ل اإلمدد ا ددر قيددل ال،يدد احمدد ال ت،دد لو تا اإلل ندح والنصداا دإلا امدت، ر د د دع رد ل لزمد

ر ل اإلم الح ا وق xv "إل نت إلا ل ير ل للا شال " يمدددمم " أ دددر حجدددا ال،مدددق ن ددد تممددديا قولددد . xvi "يتا مع مر ي لي ل ينصاص وي ع لن

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43 | P a g e

their enemies as the Prophet-May Peace and

Blessings Be Upon Him-said: “…a man shall

support his brother (in Islam) once being an

oppressor or oppressed. Once he is oppressor, the

former have to prevent him and this is a victory for

him. And once he is the oppressed, he has to

support him”.

The companions did not disagree in their

understanding of the prophet’s aim of supporting

the oppressed Muslim; because they said: “ we

know how to support the oppressed”, and they

have agreed on the necessity to support a Muslim

brother and applied this practically during the life

of prophet-May Mercy and Blessings be Upon

Him-and after. To exemplify, the cause of Bani

Qainaqaa expedition was to support the Muslim

woman who was oppressed by a Jew as the

prophet mobilized an army of companions to

punish those people who oppressed that woman.

Another example is the response of the Abbasid

Caliph Al Muatasim Bi Allah to the call of the

Muslim woman who was assaulted by a Roman

knight. He mobilized a great army, destroyed

Amoreia, captured the Roman women, plunder

their money and killed their men because the

woman called for his support, and this call is still

eternal in the history as the woman said: “O

Mutasim !”.

And therefore: the question of the wall must have a

wide Islamic dimension for the Islamic Nation and

Muslim people. Also, all Muslims have to

sympathize with each other with the case of the

iron wall, and do everything possible to stop the

construction of the wall since it is a clear violation

to the right of a Muslim brother of support, aid and

assistance. Unfortunately, we find that the Muslim

not only fails his Muslim brother in the Gaza Strip

,but also he helps in tightening the grip around the

neck of his Muslim brother who defends the

former’s lands and sacred places against the

Zionists who occupy this pleasant land.

دد الحدد يا اآلخددا شددل واضددك وقدد ل قددول الن دد ا لدنه لمو وجول النصاو لمممممير الممتض،ميرا وال

د ... ض أل ا ه ؛ حيا ق ل " ولينصا الاجل أخد ص ر لمكدد مينهدد دد ر ر لمك دد إر دد ر أو مرمومك ر إندد لدد نصددا وا

. xvii "مرمومك مينصاص الصدددح ح لددد يختمددد هددد أحددد ه لدددر اآلخدددا ددد لول ددد

مر نصاو الممم المرمو ؛ ألنه قد لوا قد مقصو الن ألن ق ؛لممن ي ننصاص مرموم كا ول يشل لميه لل

تقاا لن ه لدزو نصداو الممدم ألخيد الممدم د شد و ايلا حيا ل شوا هلا الح يا واق، ك لممي ك حيد و الن د صدددمو ال لميددد ومدددم و ،ددد صا ولددديس أ ل لمدددو للددد مدددر وزوو ن قينق ا التد التد يهد أحد اليهدو لمدو المداأو

جهيز جدي الممممح نصاه الن صمو ال لمي ومم تلتل يدددددل أول ددددد القدددددو الدددددلير رممدددددوا تمددددد ؛مدددددر أصدددددح

ا ولدددديس أ ل لمددددو للدددد مددددر امددددتج ح الخميمددددح xviii المدددداأولتدد ال، مدد الم،تصدد دد ل لندد ا المدداأو الممددممح التدد ا

جهددز جيشدد ك جددااااكا و مددا لميهدد أحدد المامدد ر مددر الدداو ؛ ؛لموايددددح ومدددد و نمددددد ه ا ووددددن أمدددددواله ا وقتددددل اجددددد له

مدد ل امتنصدد ا تمدد المدداأو لم،تصدد ا ومدد زالدد، ممتهدد . xix تص ح ممع الزم ر قوله وا م،تصم ص

ولدددددلل نقدددددول دددددلر ممدددددللح الجددددد اا ددددد أر تلخدددددل ،ددددد اك إمددد مي ك وامددد، ك ددد األمدددح اإلمددد ميحا والشددد،ول الممدددممحا

ددد أر يت،ددد دددل ممدددم مهمددد ددد ر موق،ددد مدددع مددد المدو ل ا وي دلل دل واحد ومد، ل،د تنميدل قضيح الجد اا

ندد الجدد اا؛ ألر يدد مخ لمددح صددايحح لحددل الممددم لمددو النصدددداو والم، ونددددح والمدددد ازاو؛ ولددددر لسمدددد الممددددم مددددر

الشددد ي نجددد أر الممدددم يتمددد ،ددد م، ونتددد ونصدددات ألخيددد الممدددم ددد ق ددد ا ودددزو المح صدددا؛ دددل يمددد ل ددد

ح أخيددد الممددم الدددل يدد ا ع لدددر تضددييل الخندد ل حدددول اق ددأاضدد وو ندد وق مدد ضدد هدد اليهددو الممددت،ماير لهددلا

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ال م الم ا ا وهلص األال ال ي ح.

Fourth: Right of Neighborhood dimension

The right of neighborhood is one of the most

significant rights that the Islamic Sharea has

implemented as the Holy Quran and the prophetic

traditions “Sunna” assure observing this right,

respecting neighbors and not causing harm to

them, instead to aid and support them once needed.

The verse of Quran confirms as Allah –May He be

glorified- says:

﴾Worship Allâh and join none with Him (in

worship); and do good to parents, kinsfolk,

orphans, Al-Masâkîn (the needy), the neighbour

who is near of kin, the neighbour who is a

stranger, the companion by your side, the

wayfarer (you meet), and those (slaves) whom

your right hands possess. Verily, Allâh does not

like such as are proud and boastful ﴿

This verse clarifies that Allah-May He be

glorified- commands Muslims to be good to their

neighbors, relatives, orphans, etc. And it is clear

here that the text indicates obligation but not

recommendations, as there is no indication that it

is recommended to do so. Accordingly, the right of

neighborhood is an obligation according to all

Muslim scholars.

Records of prophetic traditions “Sunna” include

many hadiths that encourage the Muslim to

observe the right of neighborhood and be good to

neighbors as much as possible, such as what

prophet Mohammed said:

Gabriel keeps on

counseling me of the

neighbor till I thought

that he is going to inherit

him.

This hadith indicates that Gabriel –Peace be upon

him- continually counseled the prophet-Peace and

Blessings be Upon him- to observe right of

neighbors, till the prophet to think that he was

going to command him to include this neighbor in

.رابعا: بعد حق الجوار

إر مدددددر أهدددددد الحقددددددول التددددد جدددددد ، الشدددددداي،ح اإلمدددددد ميح تامددديخه دددير النددد س لمومددد ك هدددو حدددل الجدددواا حيدددا أددد القداآر الدداي والمدنح الن ويددح الشدايمح لمددو وجدول ا هتمدد

؛ إيددلا ه حددل الجددوااا وماالدد و الجيدداارا واحتدداامه ا ولدد ددددل وممدددد ل ته إر احتدددد جوا إلددددو ممدددد ل وا ونصدددداته إلا

ددد هدددلا احتددد جوا إلدددو نصددداوا ومدددر األ لدددح القاآنيدددح التددد ت واعبوادووا اللاه وال توشاريكووا :﴿الحل وتحل لميد قولد ت،د لو

ي القورباك واليتاامك والمسااكييني بيهي شي ا وبيالواليديني يحساانا وبياحيااا نوااابي والص ي القورباااك والجااااري الجو بي بيالجنااابي واباااني والجااااري حي احي

ااب ماان كااان موختاااال الساابييلي ومااا ملكااخ أيمااانوكوم ين اللااه ال يوحيورا -لز وجل-أر ال ، ينالايمح ق هلص اآليح xx ﴾ةخو

أما إلحم ر إلو الج ا م أما إلحم ر إلو ويداص مدر دداوا دد هددلص اآليدددحا لو القا ددو واليتدد مو وويدداه ممدددر ل

واألصدددل ددد األمدددا مددد يخمدددو ين غددد أر يحمدددل لمدددو الوجدددول واإللدددزا إ إلا جددد ، قايندددح تصدددا إلدددو النددد ل وا متح لا و هلص الح لح د حدل الجدواا د محمدول لمدو

الوجول تم ل ال،مم .

وق حمر، لن تل المنح يااك مر األح يا الت تحا و ماال و حل الجواا واإلحم ر إلو الجياار الممم لم

صمو ال - حمل الق او وا مت لحا ومر لل قول وصين لج ا حتو رنن، م زال ج ايل ي " -لمي ومم لمي -وهلا الح يا ي ل لمو أر ج ايل xxi أن ميوا "

ق أ ا الوصيح لمن صمو ال لمي ومم -الم ال لمي ومم ماال و حقول الج اا حتو أر الن صمو

لر ج ايل مو يلماص لر يج،ل وقع نمم ا لتق و الح ل أق ال المي، الج ا مر ضمر الواا ير م ه

لح لمو الوجول م يخمو. ا و لل

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45 | P a g e

the inheritors, and this is an evidence of obligation.

It was warned of annoying or harming the

neighbor, even the Prophet Mohammed negated

the perfection of belief of those who derelict in this

right and he confirmed his negation by taking an

oath by saying: “I swear by Allah that he does not

believe, he does not believe, he does not believe.

Some of the companions asked: “Who is he

Messenger of Allah?” He said : “whosoever harms

his neighbor” .The prophet-May Mercy and

Blessings Be Upon Him- even negates the

perfection of faith of those who neither

sympathize with their neighbors nor aid their

neighbors, he said: “ He is not a believer who

sleeps sated while his next door neighbor is

hungry”. Also, the prophet- Peace and Blessings

be Upon Him- commanded Abu Thar El Ghifari to

be good to his neighbor by saying: “O Aba Thar :

Once you cook a stock, increase its water and feed

your neighbor”.

Through pondering this important side and

studying its relation with the construction of the

iron wall, it is elicited that the capable Muslim

who derelicts in the right of supporting his brother

Muslim is committing one of the great sins, and

the penalty is duplicated if he is a neighbor of this

weak Muslim. Prophet Mohammed-Peace and

Blessings Be Upon Him- negated the belief of the

one who harms his neighbor in an individual way,

or the one who sleeps sated while his neighbor is

hungry;what about the one who harms a

population of one million and a half - that some of

which are kneeling elderly and sucking infants,

prevents the entering of food and medicine to

those poor people who have no supporters in this

long ordeal, especially if it is known that the cause

of this ordeal is one thing which is: defending this

Holy Land, protecting its honor, and preserving the

sacred places.

مدددر إيدددلا الجددد ا حتدددو أر الن ددد وقددد وا التحدددليا الشددد ي

ددا صددمو ال لميدد ومددم نمددو مدد ل اإليمدد ر لمددو مددر قصدد اك نميدد لقمدد قولدد " دد حددل جدد وال يدد مر ا اصا م

وال ي مر ا وال ي مر ا قيل مدر يد امدول ال؟ قد ل صدمو ال -؛ ل نمو الن د xxii " مر يلمر ج اص وا ق

مدد ل اإليمدد ر لددر الممددم الددل يت،دد -لميدد ومددم مع جياان ا و يمد لهد يد ال،دور والممد ل و مدع حد جته ا

لميدددد الصدددد و -نه ؛ قدددد لو يت،دددد مددددع آ مهدددد وأحددددزاإلو اليس الم مر مر ي ي، ش ، ر وج اص ج ع "-والم أ لا -لمي الص و والم -ا وق أما الن xxiii "جن

ي أ لا إلا خد، قول " إلحم ر إلو الج االغم ا . xxiv "ماقح ل ا م ه ون ول جياان

لا نراندددد إلددددو هددددلا ال ،دددد الهدددد ول قتدددد ندددد الجدددد اا وا المدددو ل مدددنخمم جزمددد ك دددلر الممدددم إلا قصدددا ددد حدددل أخي الممم مع ق ات لمو نصات ا إن يور آ م ك مات ك

ح إلا دددد ر للدددد الددددلنولا وتددددز ا ال،قو دددد يدددداو مددددر دددد ا لا لممندددد أر الممددددم جدددد ااك ألخيدددد الممددددم الممتضدددد، ا وا الن صدمو ال لميد ومدم نمدو اإليمد ر لمدر يد ل جد اص

يدددد ا ولمددددر ي يدددد، شدددد ، را وجدددد اص جدددد ع شددددل ددددا المميدور ش، ك مق اا ل أ داا ص يزيد لدر الح ل مر ي ل

دعا واأل مد ل الاضدع ا ا مدنه ال مميور والنص شديو الاوالدددددد وا إلددددددو أ ددددداا هددددددلا الشدددددد،ل غدددددلا ويمندددددع وصددددددول ال

الممدير الددل يجدد مددر ينصداص ويدد ازاص دد هددلص المحنددح الش ي و وهلص ال،ماو ال ويمح ا مديم إلا لممند أر مد ل هلص ال،ماو يمر ش واح أ وهو أر م ل حصد ا

ا لدر هدلص الد ي ا المق مدح الد هلا الش،ل وتجوي،د هدوا نتهددددددددد ا ومق مددددددددد ت مدددددددددر ا وحم يدددددددددح ألااضددددددددد مدددددددددر

ا وتص ل.Eighth: Legal dimension

The construction of the iron wall by the Egyptian

authorities at the Egyptian Palestinian borders is

المطلب الثامن: البعد القانونف

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considered a flagrant violation of the rules of the

general international law which guarantee the right

to exist and the judicial principle of abuse of rights

*(also known as Prohibition of Chicane, which is a

judicial principle where law must not be used to

allow or justify causing intentional harm).

Therefore, the Egyptian allegations that the

construction of the wall is an internal affair related

to Egypt's national sovereignty is as this right is

restricted to not cause harm to others. However,

exercising this right cause severe damage to the

Palestinian people in Gaza who are besieged for

years and deprived from entering all their

necessities by the Israeli occupation.

The existence of the wall is considered a violation

for the rules of the International HumanitarianLaw,

putting into consideration that Gaza still an

occupied territory, and the occupying power is

responsible for protecting the life of the Palestinian

civilians there. Geneva Fourth Convention dated

on 1949 guarantees the right of protecting

civilians; the occupying power shall neither close

the border crossings nor impose siege on civilians

and being supported in tightening the siege is

considered a violation for the rules International

HumanitarianLaw which are biding.

The international community pledges to ensuring

accountability and justice for all violations of

international law for serious crimes against

humanity through the International Criminal Court. The existence of the wall causes Palestinians in the

Gaza strip, deliberately, to be imposed under severe

living conditions leading to their physical eradication

totally or partially, which is considered to be genocide

in accordance with the Statute of the International

Criminal Court and all those involved in constructing,

planning or financing the wall shall be held

accountable. Hence, the construction of the iron wall, which

represents a violation of many international and

criminal legal rules result in two types of responsibility;

First: International responsibility of all States who

participate in planning, financing or constructing the

wall. This requires the payment of necessary

compensation for all affected Palestinians. Second:

criminal responsibility for the commission of the crime

of genocide against the Palestinian people in the Gaza

Strip, based on the Statute of the International Criminal

Court.

إر قي الحومح المصايح ن ج اا و ل لمو الح و المصايح الممم ينيح يشل انته ك واضح لقوال

ا xxv الق نور ال ول ال، الت تنم لمو حل ال ق وانته ك لمم أ الق نون ال ، وهو م أ ل الت،م امت،م ل الحل ا ل المصا لر ن الج اا هوشلر اخم يت،مل حل المي و الو نيح هو ا ل ل؛ ألر حل المي و مقي ، اإلضااا لغيا ا و أوضك مر الضاا الل يتم ل حام ر الش،ل الممم ين وزو مر مم امت لحل الحي و ، أر ال لمي ا حت ل اإلماا يم الحص ا الش مل ومنع إ خ ل ح ممتمزم ،

و إ لنلا اليميا الل يم مت م ، الحي و الحي ال ي،يح.

م أر وجو الج اا يشل انته ك لقوال الق نور ال ول اإلنم ن ا ق ا وزو م زال إقميم ك محت كا يقع لمو ا حت ل مم وليح حم يح الم نيير الممم ينيير ي ا

حم يح الم نيير وهو م ممت اتم قيح جني الاا ،ح ل . و يجوز ل حت ل إو ل الم، ا 1949الم اخح ل

و ال الحص ا لمو الم نيير ا ومم ل ت مر ق ل أ ا ول تش ي الحص ا يشل انته ك لقوال الق نور

xxvi ال ول اإلنم ن وه قوال ممزمح ل ح ال وللجاا وق ت،ه المجتمع ال ول لمح م ح لمو ا

الخ ياو الت تاتل ض اإلنم ر ولل مر خ ل المحمح الجن يح ال وليح ا وجو الج اا يم ل خضوا الممم ينيير ق ا وزو ألحوال م،يشيح يقص ه وقوا اإله الم أو الجز ا وهو م يشل جايمح إ و جم ليح و ق ك لمنر األم م لممحمح الجن يح ال وليحا يح مل لميه ل مر ت ، إ انت لمم وليح موا أ ر

. xxvii مر ج نل المنمل أ المخ أ الممولو ن ك لمو لل إر ن الج اا المو ل الل يشل

انته ك لم، ي مر القوال الق نونيح ال وليح والجن يح يتاتل لمي نول ر مر المم وليح ا األول المم وليح ال وليح الت

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ح ن الج اا لتخ ي تقع لمو ح ال ول المشتاوالتنميل والتمويل ا وه مم وليح تت مل ع الت،ويض ،

ال زمح ل ح المتضااير مر مختم ، الش،ل الممم ين ا وال ن المم وليح الجن يح لر اات ل جايمح

اإل و الجم ليح حل الش،ل الممم ين ق ا وزو ل امتن اك إلو النر األم م لممحمح الجن يح ول

ال وليح.

Third section

The impacts of constructing the wall The construction of wall affects negatively the life

of our besieged people in many aspects of life,

such as the following:

First Issue: Juristic impacts.

Based on what was mentioned in prior of

Islamic legal evidences, it becomes evident that it

is forbidden to construct the iron wall. And

therefore, it is forbidden to continue the building

of this wall, and accordingly whosoever orders or

insists or works on its building is a wrongdoer and

it is not permissible to participate in the

construction in any way, instead, the religious duty

demands Muslims to hold responsibilities as much

as possible to stop this construction by all means.

To add, this duty includes supporting the

steadfastness of the Palestinian people by all

means and resources available as Allah-May He be

glorified- says: ﴾ Help you one another in Al-

Birr and At-Taqwa (virtue, righteousness and

piety); but do not help one another in sin and

transgression﴿. Accordingly, the continuation of

construction is a continuation and determination of

committing the sin. On the other hand, the support

of Palestinians and the resistance of the iron wall is

as a matter of help in virtue righteousness and

piety.

المبحث الثالث

اآلثار المترتبة على بناء

الجدار

تتم ل اآل ا المي ح المتات ح لمو ن الج اا من ح حي تيح مت، صا ت ا شل مم لمو هلا الش،ل

المح صاا ولل مر خ ل الم لل الت ليح المترتبة علف بنا شرعيةاآلثار الالمطلب األول:

الجدار

تقاا أل لح الشاليح مدر حامدح ند ن لمو م الج اا المو ل إن يحا ا متمااا ن هدلا الجد ااا و لت ل يل ل مر أما وأصدا لمدو ا مدتمااا د ن د ويل ل مر ي،مل ا و ي،لا أل م ل مر األم ل ال،مل د و يجدوز الممد همح د ن د دل شدل مدر

الواجددددل الدددد ين يت مددددل أر يتحمددددل ددددل األشدددد لا ددددل إرواح مم وليت ق ا امت لت لممم همح د وقد ألمد ل نددد الجددد اا ويمتددد هدددلا الواجدددل إلدددو لددد صدددمو و ددد ، الش،ل المممد ين دل الومد ل واإلم ند ، المت حدح لقولد

اإل دد وت،دد ونوا لمددو ال ددا والتقددو و ت،دد ونوا لمددو ت، لو ﴿للا ا متمااا ن مر ل ا مدتمااا xxviii ﴾وال، وار

دددد ،ددددل اإل دددد واإلصددددااا لميدددد ا دددد حددددير لدددد الشدددد،ل المممدد ين وت،زيددز صددمو ص ومح ا ددح ندد الجدد اا المددو ل

مر ل الت، ور لمو ال ا والتقو . Second Issue: Legal impacts.

Construction of the iron wall is considered to be a

direct violation to the principles of the International

اآلثااار القانونيااة المترتبااة علااف بنااا المطلااب الثااانف: الجدار

ي،ت ا ن الج اا المو ل مخ لمح صايحح لم الق نور

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Law. To illustrate, besieging of Gaza Strip through the

closure of crossings and construction of this wall will

absolutely aggravate living conditions for the people of

the Gaza Strip, and all of this leads to an international

crime identified as genocide (xxix). The practices which

lead to this crime are to impose a human group,

deliberately, under severe living conditions leading to

their physical eradication totally or partially. This is

what article (2) in paragraph (C) (xxx) of Prohibition of

Genocide Agreement that states:

Any of the following acts committed with intent to

destroy, in whole or part, a national, ethnic, racial

or religious group, as such: (c) Deliberately

inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated

to bring about its physical destruction in whole or

in part.

Genocide is considered to be one of the international

crimes(xxxi), and the international crime is defined as a

human behavior which violates the principles of the

International Criminal Law leading to cause damage to

international interests that need protection. Commission

of this crime causes a proper penalty to the committers

of according to the International Law and this is what

article (3) in the first paragraph of Convention on the

Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

as it states that: “Genocide is one of the crimes that is

punished internationally”.

In short, the construction of the iron wall on the

Egyptian-Palestinian borders violates the human rights,

International Humanitarian Law and fourth Geneva

Convention of 1949. The wall does not have any legal

justification, as there are many recognized international

rule and agreements that prevent any country from

besieging another, building any constructions or walls

in order to prevent the access of aid and food

commodities or building walls on the frontier borders

instead of barbed wires and check points(xxxii).

الد ول ا إ دد ل الحصدد ا لمددو ق د ا وددزو مددر خدد ل ندد هددددلا الجدددد اا مددددي حتمدددد ك إلددددو مددددو األحددددوال الم،يشدددديح

ل لل يشد ل أله ل الق ااإض ح إلو إو ل الم، ا وا xxxiii جايمددددددح وليددددددح ت،ددددددا جايمددددددح اإل دددددد و الجم ليددددددح

أللمددددد ل المنشددددد ح لهدددددلص الجايمدددددح هدددددو إخضددددد ا جم لدددددح إنمددد نيح لدددر لمددد لرددداو م،يشددديح ق مددديح تمددد لمقضددد لميه لضوي ك صواو ت مح أو جز يح وهلا م أ ت الم و

مدددددر اتم قيدددددح مندددددع جايمدددددح xxxiv ددددد قاتهددددد ج 2اقددددد اإل و الجم ليح والت نص، لمو

" ت،ندددد اإل دددد و الجم ليددددح أيدددد مددددر األ ،دددد ل الت ليددددحا تمدددد المات ددددح لمددددو قصدددد التدددد ميا المدددد أو الجز دددد لجم لددددح قوميددددح أو ا نيددددح أو لاقيددددح أو ينيددددحا ددددلل ت،نددددو اإل دددد و الجم ليح إخض ا الجم لدحا لمد اكا لرداو م،يشديح يداا

ه ت مياه الم مي ك أو جز ي ك."وت،د جايمددح اإل د و الجم ليددح مد أمددممن مد ق ك مددر صددوا

ا وت،ددا الجايمددح ال وليددح لنهدد مددمو xxxv الجدداا ال وليددحإنمدددد ن ياتددددل إخدددد قوالددددد القدددد نور الجندددد الددددد ول يتاتددل لميهدد الممدد س مصددمحح وليددح تمددتوجل الحم يددحا

جندد الدد ول لمددو مات دد تمدد الجايمددح ويوقددع القضدد ال دد 3الجندد المن مددل وهددلا مدد أشدد ا، إليدد المدد و اقدد

المقاو األولو مر اتم قيح منع جايمح ا و الجم ليح حيدا نصدددددد، لمددددددو " جايمددددددح اإل دددددد و الجم ليددددددح مددددددر الجدددددداا

الم، قل لميه ولي ك".لمددددو وخ صددددح القددددول دددد للدددد إر ندددد الجدددد اا المددددو ل

الحدد و المصددايح المممدد ينيح مخدد ل أل مدد حقددول اإلنمدد ر ولمقدددددد نور الدددددد ول اإلنمدددددد ن واتم قيددددددح جنيدددددد الاا ،ددددددح ل،دددددد

ا لج اا يحمل أ صمح ق نونيدح هند اتم قيد ، 1949وقددوانير وليددح م،تددا هدد تمنددع أ ولددح مددر حصدد ا ولددح

ا، أخددددا و ندددد أ م دددد ر أو جدددد اار لمنددددع خددددول الممدددد لوالمددوا الغلا يددحا مدد تمنددع ندد الجدد اار لمددو الحدد و دد ل

. xxxvi األم الش ح ونق المااق ح

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Third Issue: Health impacts.

Construction of this wall is going to have direct

impacts on the health situation in the Gaza Strip, as it

will prevent the access of essential medicines needed to

cure many dangerous diseases that members of this

population suffer, on different ages and levels. It is a

well-known fact that most of these medicines used to

enter the strip through the tunnels located at the borders

between Gaza and Egypt, and surely, the construction

of the wall is going to prevent the access of these

medical requirements needed for those people.

This prevention comes along with the negative

health impacts resultant from the wall, since mainly it

is going to cause a destructive impact on the quality of

water. To illustrate, the salty sea water is going to be

pumped through the wall to the underground and as

salinity indicator of the sea water is about(22500

milligram/liter) i.e.: double the limit permitted

according to the criterion of World Health Organization

(WHO) for drinking water which is (250

milligram/liter). Therefore, if one liter of sea water

reaches the underground water storage, it is going to

pollute more than (90) liters of underground water,

which makes it undrinkable and cause a health

catastrophe (xxxvii).

المترتبة علف بنا المطلب الثال : اآلثار الصحية .الجدار

إر ن هلا الج اا ي ا تل يااك م شدااك لمدو الوضدع الصدح دد ق ددد ا وددزوا حيدددا إر إق متدد تددد إلددو مندددع يددا مدددر األ ويددح الضددداوايح وال، جدد ، ال زمدددح ل يددا مدددر األمددداال الخ يدداو التدد ي،دد ن منهدد أ دداا هددلا الشدد،لا لمددو اخددت

ويدددح ألمددد اه وممدددتوي ته ا و يخمدددو أر يدددااك مدددر تمددد األ ن، تصل إلو ق ا وزوا ل ا األنم ل الممت و م ير وزو ومصددددا الشددددقيقحا و ندددد هددددلا الجدددد ااا يمنددددع شددددل يقيندددد وصول تم ا حتي ج ، الصحيح ال زمح أل اا هلا الش،ل.وتنمج مو اآل د ا الصدحيح الن جمدح لدر الجد اا مدع مجدااص

لتددددل يا ومدددد قا دددد مددددر الحدددد و المصددددايح المممدددد ينيح مددددع االم شددا والواضددك لمددو الال يددح الصددحيح المق مددح لممددوا نير ق ا وزوا ول،ل أ ا اإلش ، ت،قي اك هلا المجد ل هدددو ضدددظ ميددد ص ال حدددا إلدددو ددد ر األال ل دددا هدددلا الجددد اا والدددددل مددددديتا أ دددددااك مددددد مااك لجدددددو و الميددددد صا و لتددددد ل زيددددد و

حددا ي مدد نحددو مموحتهدد ا و مدد أر م شددا المموحددح دد ميدد ص الممج / لتدا هدلا ي،ند ضد، الحد الممدموح د 22500

حمل م،ي ا منرمح الصحح ال، لميح لمي ص الشال الل هو ممجدد / لتدداا؛ ولهددلا المدد ل ددإر حجدد لتددا واحدد مددر 250

ميدد ص ال حددا يصددل إلددو الخددزار الجددو مددو يممدد مدد يزيدد ه ويدا صد لحح لتاا مر المي ص الجو يحا مم يج،م90لمو

. xxxviii لمشال و لت ل يم ل ا ح صحيح

Fourth Issue: Commercial impacts. Undoubtedly, the construction of the wall at the

borders of the Gaza strip leads to a serious

commercial dilemma on levels of: individuals and

community, as more than ninety percent of goods,

basic commodities, construction materials and fuel

enter the strip through tunnels. Once the wall is

constructed, there is going to be a shortage in these

commodities; which is going to an aggravation of

the commercial status in the Gaza strip under the

suffocating siege which has been taking place for

years.

المترتبة علف بنا المطلب الرابع: اآلثار االقتصادية الجدار

ش أر ن الج اا المو ل لمو ح و ق ا ودزو يد إلددددددو م،ضددددددمح اقتصدددددد يح خ يدددددداو لمددددددو الممددددددتو المددددددا والجمدد ل ا حيددا إر أ ددا مددر تمدد،ير لم ددح مددر ال ضدد ع والمدددددوا التموينيدددددح اله مدددددح ومدددددوا ال نددددد والمحاوقددددد ، لمدددددو اخددت أنوالهدد تدد خل إلددو ق دد ا وددزو لددر ايددل األنمدد لا

ندد هددلا الجدد ااا إندد مددي إلددو ق ددع أومددل القددو، ددإلا

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In addition, the iron wall is going to affect half of

the strip’s populations as people of Gaza suffer a

real crisis because of the siege. Consequently,

construction of the siege is considered to be a

death sentence for a million and a half Palestinian.

Also, the stopping of work in tunnels is going to

deprive the local markets from tunnels’ goods, and

there are about (30) thousand workers who are

going to lose their jobs and join unemployment

which is estimated in the strip by (%35-%40),. It is

worth to mention that the value of exchanged

goods between Egypt and the strip is about (2-3)

million dollars a month.

الضدداوا الددل يحت جدد الشدد،ل المممدد ين دد ق دد ا وددزو؛ ممدد يدد إلددو تدد هوا الح لددح ا قتصدد يح المتلزمددح دد رددل

الحص ا المش والم ل منل منير لمو ق ا وزو.مدد أر الجدد اا المددو ل مددي ا لمددو نصدد مدد ر الق دد ا

، نددددد و األهددددد ل مدددددر أزمدددددح حقيقيدددددح جددددداا تقاي ددددد ك ددددد ردددددل مالحص اا حيا ي،ت دا ند هدلا الجد اا حمد ك إللد ا لمدو مميدددور ونصددد مميدددور ممددد ين ا دددلل دددإر توقددد ال،مدددل ألنمدد ل مددر شددلن أر يحددا األمددوال المحميددح مددر المنتجدد ،

ألددد ل مدددل 30الدددواا و لدددر ايدددل األنمددد لا هنددد قاا دددح ا توق أنش ته و لت ل مينضمور ميمق ور ألم له ؛ جا

% ددددد 40-35إلدددددو صدددددمو ال لدددددح التددددد تقددددد ا نحدددددو الق دد اا مددع اإلشدد او إلددو أر قيمددح ال ضدد ع التدد يددت تدد اوله

مميدور و ا شدهاي ك 3-2 ير مصا والق ا تتااوح م دير

xxxix . Fifth Issue: Psychological impacts.

Gazans have undergone many ways of suppression

and torture that led to their physical and

psychological exhaustion. This made them resort

to other means to relieve and elevate themselves,

which is digging tunnels. For sure, the construction

of the iron wall is going to destroy these tunnel,

which would, in turn, affects negatively the morale

of Palestinians at all levels, and this wall may lead

to many psychological problems in the long

instance.

Moreover, the construction of the iron wall is

going to affect and aggravate the gravity of

psychological and social status in the Gaza strip,

and even increases the intensity of imposed siege

on the strip. This construction creates feelings of

fear and instability and this is tangible through the

nervous behaviors of those who work in the

tunnels.

المترتبة علف بنا المطلب الخامس: اآلثار النفسية .الجدار

إر أهددددل وددددزو قدددد ت،اضددددوا إلددددو يددددا مددددر أمدددد ليل ال،ددددلال وا ضددد ه ؛ ممددد أ إلدددو إنهددد ه جمددد ي ك ونممدددي كا األمدددا

أخددا تمدداج لددنه ا وتاتقدد الددل لدد ه إلددو المجددو لومدد ل نمومه ؛ مجلوا إلو حما األنمد لا و شد أر وجدو الجد اا المددو ل مددي إلددو تدد ميا هددلص األنمدد ل؛ ممدد مددي ا مددم ي ك لمددو الدداوح الم،نويددح والح لددح النممدديح لهددلا الشدد،ل الممددير جميددع ق تدد ا جتم ليددح المختممددحا وقدد يتددا هددلا الجدد اا

، النممددديح واألمددداال ال،صددد يح ل يدددا مدددر يدددااك مدددر الحددد أ اا هلا الش،ل الممم ين المح صا لمو الم ال ،ي .

مددد أر نددد الجددد اا المدددو ل مدددي ا ومددديم ق مدددر خ دددواو الوضدددع النممددد وا جتمددد ل دددد الق ددد ا وميضددد ل مددددر و لو الحص ا المماول لمو أ ند شد، ن د ودزوا ومديزي

ر ضد ك لدر الضدغو النممديح المتات دح مر قا وجدوا الغدزييلمدديه مددر الحصدد اا ندد الجدد اا المددو ل يولدد م،دد قدد ار األمدد ر وا مددتقاااا مددع الشدد،وا دد لخو مددر المجهددول وهددلا

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مممددددوس مددددر المددددمو ال،صدددد والتصددددا ، ا نم، ليددددح لمددددر . xl ي،مل هلص اإلنم ل

Sixth Issue: Environmental impacts.

It is worth mentioning that the iron wall affects

negatively the environment in the Gaza Strip, as

one of planned to be implemented after the

construction of the wall is opening of a water canal

located directly next to the wall, the resource of

this water is the salty sea water; which is going to

pollute the agricultural areas in the Gaza strip and

turn them to waste lands. Experts assure that

dangers caused by this wall on the environmental

level are more than any others especially on the

underground water which is going to be unusable

by humans in the Gaza strip. In addition, it is

going to uproot thousands of fruitful trees, putting

into consideration that the process of uprooting

trees in large quantities is going to affect the

percentage of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.

المترتباة علاف بناا المطلب السادس : اآلثاار البي ياة .الجدار

ممددد ين غددد لددداصا ولمددد، األنرددد ا إليددد أر الجددد اا المدددو ل يدد ا تددل يااك مددم ي ك لمددو ال ي ددح دد ق دد ا وددزوا حيددا إر مددر اإلجاا ا، الت تقاا اتخ له وتنميله ، ا نته مدر ند الج اا هو تك قن و م يح ج نل الج اا م شاوا وهلص القند و

ي إلدددددو تمدددددوا مصددددد اه ميددددد ص ال حدددددا الم لحدددددح؛ ممددددد مددددداألااضدد الزااليددح دد ق دد ا وددزو لميدد ص الم لحددحا و لتدد ل تحويمه إلو أااض ممحيح تصدمك لمزاالدح يهد ا ولقد أد خ دداا ممددد ير أر المخددد ا المتات دددح لمدددو الممدددتو ال ي ددد أشدد خ ددااك لمجدد اا مددر مدد قته و مدديم الميدد ص الجو يددح التدد

ا اآل مددد ددد الق اامددد متصددد ك ويدددا صددد لحح ل مدددتخ مي لل إلو اقت ا آ األشج ا الم ماوا مع ال،مد أر لمميددح اقددت ا األشددج ا ميدد ، يدداو مددي ا لمددو منمددول

. xli و ز األمجير و ن أمي الا ور Conclusion

After this interesting journey through this

scientific research, I would like to list the findings

and recommendations I found out:

الخاتمةأو ا ، هلص الاحمح الم ت،ح ن ي هلا ال حا ال،مم

أر أم ا النت والتوصي ، الت توصم، إليه مر خ ل هلا ال حا ال،مم

First: Findings: Through this research, I have found out

the following :

1- The construction of the iron wall is

forbidden according to Islamic Sharea

laws.

2- Whosoever gave orders of building the

wall, carried out the building or support it

financially is considered to be a partner in

this offence, and holder of the sins.

3- The laws of Islamic Sharea confirm the

obligation of lifting the harm that falls on

the Muslim as much as possible.

4- Forbidding this wall does not only fall

under the laws of the Holy Quran,

Prophetic traditions(Sunna), Consensus of

.النتا : أوال النتا من العديد لك البح هحا خالل من توصلخ لقد

-:من.ا التف ال.امة .شال ك محا المو ل الج اا هلا ن أر -1 لمو تنميلص ق أو الج اا هلا ن أما مر أر -2

اإل ا مشتا ك ي،ت ا م لي ك لم أو الواقع أال .لموزا ومتحم ك

لمو ت ال،ريمح ومق ص ه الشاي،ح قوال أر -3 .اإلم ر ق ا الممم لمو الواقع الضاا إزالح وجول

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Muslim legal scholars, Juristic reasoning,

but it also falls under other sides such

asthe humanitarian, national, Islamic, legal

sides and the right of neighborhood.

5- The construction of the wall causes a lot of

negative impacts on the environmental,

health, commercial and psychological

levels.

أل لح ق يخضع الج اا هلا تحاي أر -4جم ا ومنح ت ل مر األح ومق ص ا وقوال وقي س وا

والقوم اإلنم ن ل ، أخا أ ، إلو يخضع ل .الجواا وحل والق نون واإلم م

اآل ا مر يا لمي تتاتل الج اا هلا ن أر -5 ا قتص ال ي االصح ا الممتو لمو المم يح .والنمم

Second: Recommendations: At the end of this research, I would like to

present some recommendations and

suggestions ,as the following:

1- All Muslims have to unite together against

their enemies, support each other and co-

operate on virtue, righteousness and piety,

2- Any Muslim party which transgresses

discipline of unity and support, which is

stated in the holy Quran and the Prophetic

traditions “Sunna” , is supposed to be

stopped;

3- All countries of the Islamic World shall

unite in order to stop the construction of

this wall, and set a mechanism to prevent

its reoccurrence in future,

4- Palestinian people have to be aided by the

whole Islamic world with all possible

means according to their: powers,

positions and abilities.

And Allah-May He be glorified- is the Most

High, the Most Honorable , the Most

Knowledgeable, and the Most Bountiful.

.التوصياخ: ثانيا التوصياخ بعض أقدم أن البح هحا ختام ةف أود

-:يلف ةيما المتمثلة واالقتراحاخ لمو واح و ي اك يونوا أر الممممير جميع لمو -1 والتقو ال ا لمو ويت، ونوا يتن صاوا وأر مواه مر

.خيا ل ولمو الممممير مر ا أ ي لمو األخل ين غ -2

القاآر لمي نم الل والتن صا التوح منه يخ ل .والمنح

ال، ل ول جميع مر واح اك صم ك الوقو ين غ -3 ل، آليح وضع مع الج ااا هلا ن إليق اإلم م ؛

.أخا ماو الممتق ل ح و المح صا الممم ين الش،ل مم ل و ين غ -5

ال، ل ق ل مر المت حح اإلم ني ، جميع ص حي ت حمل ل مم ا اإلم م م ني ت وموق، .وا

وأعز وأكرم واهلل تعالك أعلك وأعلم

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ة.رس المصادر والمراجع

أوال: المصادر والمراجع

First: Resources and References:

القرآن الكريم -1

The Holy Quran

الجريمة الدولية دراسة قانونية تحليلية للجرائم المرتكبة في فلسطين والعراح ويوخوس فيا السابقة ورواندا وفقا ألحكام نظام روما -2

م2005، خلة ، األساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية: د. عبد القادر صابر جرادة ، مكتبة أفاح

International Crime :An Analytical Legal Study for Crimes Committed in Palestine ,Iraq , Ex

Yugoslavia and Rwanda According to Rome Basic Rules System for the International Convict Court: Dr.

Adbul Qader Jarada, Afaq Bookshop, 2005 A.D

، رام هللا، فلسطين.2009لجهاز المركلي لإلحصاء الفلسطيني، ا -3

Palestinian Central Statistics Bureau, 2009, Ramallah, Palestine.

1981، جدة ، 3الدولة ـ دراسة تحليلية في مباد الجغرافية السياسية: حسين حملة بندقجي، ط -4

The State: An Analytical Study of Principles of Political Geography : Hussein Hamza Bandaqji, 3rd

edition, Jeddah, 1981

، القاهرة، معهد البحوث 2003الستخدام السكني لألرض في محافظات خلة: الدكتور/ رائد صالحة رسالة دكتوراة خير منشورة، -5

والدراسات العربية.

Population Usage of Lands in the Governorates of Gaza: Dr. Raed Saleha. Unpublished PHD research

paper, 2003, Cairo, Institute of Arab Researches and Studies.

م.1991هـ/ 1411األشباه والنظائر، لتاج الدين بن علي بن عبد الكافي السبكي، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة األولى، -6

Al Ashbah and Al Nathaer(Similars and Equivalents) , Taj Addin Bin Ali Bin Abdul Kafi Al Sabki, Dar

Al Kutub Al Ilmeyia, Beirut, 1st Edition, 1991 A.D/ 1411 A.H.

م.1980هـ/ 1400األشباه والنظائر، للين العابدين بن إبراهيم ابن نجيم، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، بدون طبعة، -7

Al Ashbah and Al Nathaer(Similars and Equivalents ), Zain Al Abedin Bin Ibrahim Bin Najeem, Dar Al

Kutub Al Ilmeyia ,No edition number, Beirut, 1980A.D/ 1400 A.H.

محمد تامر، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، البحر المحيط في أصول الفقه، لبدر الدين محمد بن بهادر بن عبد هللا اللركشي، تحقيق: محمد -8

م.2000هـ/ 1421بدون طبعة،

Al Bahr Al Muheet Fi Usul Al Fiqh (The Boundless Sea in the Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence),

Badr Addin Mohammed Bin Bahader Bin Abdullah A Zarkashi, Verified by: Mohammed Mohammed

Tamir, Dar Al Kutub Al Ilmeyah, Beirut, No edition number, 2000A.D/ 1421 A.H.

تفسير القرآن العظيم، ألبي الفداء إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير القرشي الدمشقي، تحقيق: سامي بن محمد س مة، دار طيبة للنشر -9

م. 1999هـ/ 1420والتوزيع، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الثانية،

Tafsir Al Quran Al Athem (Explanation of the Holy Quran), Abi Al Fidaa Ismail Bin Umar Bin Katheer

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54 | P a g e

Al Qurashi Addimashqi, Verified by: Sami Bin Mohammed Salama, Taiba Prinying House for

Publishing and Distribution, Saudi Arabia, the 2nd Edition, 1999 A.D/ 1420 A.H.

م.1999لمكرمة، بدون طبعة، التواعد، لبن رجب الحنبلي، مكتبة نلار مصطفى الباز، مكة ا -10

Al Tawaud, Ibn Rajab Al Hanbali, Nizar Mustafa Al Baz Bookshop, Mecca, No edition Number, 1999

A.D.

تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير ك م المنان، لعبد الرحمن بن ناصر بن السعدي، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن بن مع اللويحق، مؤسسة الرسالة، -11

م 2000هـ /1420روت، الطبعة: األولى، بي

Taysir Al Kareem Al Rahman Fi Tafsir Al Quran, Abdulrahman Bin Nasir Al Saadi, Verified by:

Abdulrahman Bin Muala Al Luweihiq, A Resala , Beirut, 1st Edition, 2000A.D/ 1420 A.H.

الفصول، لعبد المؤمن بن عبد الحق البغدادي الحنبلي، الطبعة الثانية، بدون تاريخ.تيسير الوصول إلى قواعد األصول ومعاقد -12

Tayseer Al Wusul Ila Qawaed Al Usul wa Maaqid Al Fusul, Abdul Muamen Bin Abdel Haq Al

Baghdadi Al Hanbali, 2nd

Edition, No date.

م.1998ي، تحقيق: بشار عواد معروف، دار الجيل، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، الجامع الكبير، ألبي عيسى محمد بن عيسى الترمذ -13

Al Jamea Al Kabeer, Abu Isa Mohammed Bin Isa Al Termithi, Verified by: Bashar Awwad Maaruf,

Dar Al Jil, Beirut, 2nd

Edition, 1998 A.D.

صلى هللا عليه وسلم وسننه وأيامه،لمحمد بن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن المغيرة الجامع المسند الصحيح المختصر من أمور رسول هللا -14

البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، دار طوح النجاة، الرياض، الطبعة األولى، بدون تاريخ.

Al Jamea Al Musnad A Sahih Al Mukhtasar Min Umor Rasoul Allah Salla Allah Alaih Wa Sallam (The

Brief Sound Collection of the Prophetic Traditions) Sunnatih Wa Ayyamih, Mohammed Bin Ismail Bin

Ibrahim Bin Al Mughira Al Bukhare, Verified by: Mohammed Zuheir Bin Nasir A Nassir, Dar Tawq Al

Najah, Riyad, 1st Edition, No date.

ن، ألبي عبد هللا محمد بن أحمد بن أبي بكر القرطبي، تحقيق: هشام سمير البخاري، دار عالم الكتب، بيروت، الطبعة الجامع ألحكام القرآ -15

م.2003هـ / 1423األولى،

Al Jamea Li Ahkam Al Quran, Abu Abdullah Mohammed Bin Ahmad Bin Abi Bakr Al Qortobi,

Verified by: Hishaam Samir Al Bukhari, Alam Al Kotub Printing House, Beirut , 1st Edition, 2003 A.D/

1423 A.H.

روح المعاني في تفسير القرآن العظيم والسبع المثاني، لشهاب الدين محمود ابن عبدهللا الحسيني األلوسي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، -16

بيروت، بدون طبعة ول تاريخ.

Rouh Al Maani Fi Tafsir Al Quran Al KarreemWa Al Saba Al Mathani(Explanation of Spirit’s

Meanings of theHoly Quran and Surat Al Fatiha) , Shihab Addin Mahmoud Bin Abdullah Mahmoud

Bin Abdullah Al Houseini Al Alousi, Dar Ihiaa Al Turath Al Arabi, Beirut, No edition number or date

are available.

جستاني، دار الكتاب العربي، بيروت، بدون -17 سنن أبي داود بحاشيته عون المعبود، ألبي داود سليمان بن األشعث بن إسحاح األزدي الس

طبعة ول تاريخ.

Sunan Abi Dawood with its Margin Awn Al Maaboud, Abu Dawud Sulaiman Bin Al Ashath Bin Ishaq

Al Azadi Al Sajustani, Dar Al Kitab Al Arabi, Beirut, No edition or date are available.

سنن الدارقطني وبذيله التعليق المغني على الدارقطني، لعلي بن عمر بن أحمد البغدادي الدارقطني، تحقيق: شعيب األرناؤوط وآخرون، -18

م.2004هـ / 1424مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة األولى،

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Sunan ADarqatani emarginated with Attaliq Al Mughni on Adarqatani, Ali Bin Umar Bin Ahmad Al

Baghdadi Alddarqatani, Verified by: Shuaib Arnaout eta, A Resalah , Beirut, 1st Edition,2004A.D./

1424A.H.

هـ.1400لي بن برهان الدين الحلبي، دار المعرفة، بيروت، بدون طبعة، السيرة الحلبية في سيرة األمين المأمون، لع -19

ASirah Al Halabeyah fi Sirat Al Amin Al Mamoun (Halabian Narration of Prophetic Tradition), Ali Bin

Burhan Addin Al Halabi, Dar Al Maerefa, Beirut, No edition number, 1400 A.H.

شرح األربعين النووية في األحاديث الصحيحة النبوية، لمحمد بن علي القشيري، المعروف بابن دقيق العيد، مؤسسة الريان، مصر، -20

م. 2003هـ / 1424الطبعة السادسة،

Sharh Al Arbain Al Nawaweyyah fi Al Ahadith Asahiha Annabaweyah (Explanation of Forty Nawawi

Hadiths), Mohammed Bin Ali Al Qusheiri “Ibn Daqiq Al Eid, A Rayyan ,Egypt, 6th Edition,

2003A.D/1424 A.H.

شرح معاني اآلوار، أحمد بن محمد بن األزدي المعروف بالطحاوي، تحقيق: محمد زهري النجار، عالم الكتب، بيروت، الطبعة األولى، -21

م. 1994هـ / 1414

Sharh Maani Al Athar (Explanation of Prophetic Traditions’ Meaning), Ahmad Bin Mohammed Al

Azadi known as At Tahawi, Verified by: Mohammed Zahri An Najjar, Alam Al Kutub, Beirut, 1st

Edition, 1994A,D, 1414 A.H

بن أبي الحديد، تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، دار احياء الكتب شرح نهج الب خة، لعبد الحميد بن هبة هللا بن محمد بن الحسين -22

العربية ، مصر، بدون طبعة ول تاريخ.

Explanation of Nahj Al Balagha, Abdul HameedBin Hiba Allah Bin Mohammed Bin AlHussein Bin

Abi Hadid, Verified by: Mohammed Abu Al Fadel Ibrahim, Dar Ihyaa Al Kutub Al Arabeyia, Egypt,

No edition or date.

صحيح ابن حبان بترتيب ابن بلبان، لمحمد بن حبان بن أحمد بن حبان البستي، تحقيق: شعيب األرنؤوط، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، -23

م.1993هـ/ 1414الطبعة الثانية،

Sahih Bin Habban, Bitartib Ibn Balban, Mohammed Bin Habban Bin Ahmad Bin Habban Al Busti,

Verified by: Sheib Arnaout, Ar Resala , Beirut, 2nd

Edition, 1993 A.D, 1414A.H.

صحيح مسلم، ألبي الحسين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم القشيري النيسابوري، دار الجيل، بيروت، بدون طبعة ول تاريخ. -24

Sahih Muslim, Abu Hussein Muslim Bin HajjajBin Muslim Al Qushiri An Naysaburi, Al Jeel Printing

House, Beirut., No Edition or date.

علم أصول الفقه، لعبد الوهاب خ ف، مكتبة الدعوة شباب األزهر، ،دار القلم، بيروت، الطبعة الثامنة، بدون تاريخ. -25

Elm Usul Al Fiqh(Science of Foundation of Juresprudance), Abdul Wahab Khilaf, Adawa Shabab Al

Azhar Bookstore, Al Qalam Publishin House, Beirut, 8th Edition, no date.

فتح الباري، ألحمد بن علي بن محمد بن حجر العسق ني، تحقيق: عبد العليل بن عبد هللا بن باز ومحب الدين الخطيب، دار الفكر، -26

طبعة ول تاريخ. بيروت، بدون

Fath Al Bari, Ahmad Bin Ali Bin Mohammed Bin Hajar Al Asqalani, Verified by: Abdul Aziz Bin

Abdullah Bin Baz and Mohid Addin Al Khatib, Al Fikr Publishing House, Beirut, No Edition or Date.

م.1986هـ / 1407البركتي، الصدف ببلشرز، كراتشي، بدون طبعة، قواعد الفقه، لمحمد عميم اإلحسان المجددي -27

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Qawaed Al Fiqh(Rules of Juresprudance), Mohammed Amim Al Ihsan Al Mujdidi Al Barkati, Al sadf

Biblsharz, No edition, 1986A.D, 1407 A.H

ن رجب الحنبلي، تحقيق: طه عبد الرؤوف سعد، مكتبة الكليات األزهرية، القواعد في الفقه اإلس مي، ألبي الفرج عبد الرحمن بن أحمد ب -28

م.1971هـ/1391مصر، الطبعة األولى،

Qawaed Al Fiqh Al Islami( Rules of Islamic Juresprudence), Abu Faraj AbdulRahman Bin Ahmad Bin

Rajab Al Hanbali, Verified by: Taha Abdul Raaouf Saad, Library of Azhar Faculties, Egypt, 1st

Edition, 1971 A.D/1391 A.H

المحكم والمحيط األعظم، ألبي الحسن علي بن إسماعيل بن سيده المرسي، تحقيق: عبد الحميد هنداوي، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، بدون -29

م.2000طبعة،

Al Muhkam Wa Al Muhit Al Atham, Abu Hassan Ali Bin IsmailBin Seduh Al Mursi, Verified by: Abdul

Hamid Hindawi, Dar Al Kutub Al Ilmeyah, Beirut, No Edition, 2000.

مسند اإلمام أحمد بن حنبل، ألبي عبد هللا أحمد بن محمد بن حنبل الشيباني، تحقيق: شعيب األرنؤوط، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة -30

م.2001هـ/1421األولى،

Musnad Al Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal, Abu Abdullah Ahmad Bin Mohammad Bin Hanbal A Shibani,

Verified by: Shuaib Arnaout, Ar Resala , Beirut, 1st Edition, 2001 A.D/ 1421A.H

حمن األعظمي، المكتب اإلس مي، المصنف، ألبي بكر عبد الرزاح بن همام بن نافع الحميري اليماني الصنعاني، تحقيق:حبيب الر -31

هـ.1403بيروت، الطبعة الثانية،

Al Musannaf, Abu Baker Abdul Razaq Bin Hammam Bin Nafea Al Hemyari Al Yamani Al Sanani,

Verified by: Habeb Al Rahman Al athami, Al Maktab Al Islami, Beirut, 2nd

Edition, 1405 A.H.

م.2001هـ /1422تاريخ العرب قبل اإلس م، لجواد علي، دار الساقي، الطبعة الرابعة، المفصل في -32

Al Mufasal Fi Tareikh al Arab Qabl Al Islam( The detailed of Arab History Before Islam), Jawad Ali,

Dar Al Saqi, 4th Edition, 2001 A.D, 1422 A.H

بن محمد اللخمي الغرناطي الشهير بالشاطبي، تحقيق: مشهور حسن سلمان، دار بن عفان، مصر، الطبعة الموافقات، إلبراهيم بن موسى -33

م.1997هـ/ 1417األولى،

Al Muwafaqat, Ibrahim Bin Mousa Bin Mohammed Al Lakhmi Al Qarnati Known as Al Shatibi,

Verified by : Mashour Hasan Salma, Dar Bin /affan, //////////Egypt, 1st Edition, 1997A.D/ 1417 A.H.

م. 2004هـ / 1424نهاية األرب في فنون األدب، ألحمد بن عبد الوهاب النويري، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة األولى، -34

Nihayat Al Arb Fi fonoon Al Adab, Ahmad Bin Abdulwahab An Nouwiri, Dar Al kutub Al Ilmeyah,

Beirut, 1st Edition, 2004 A.D/1424 A.H.

2007الوجيل في مباد القانون الدولي العام: الدكتور خازي حسن صباريني ، الطبعة األولى، دار الثقافة للنشر والتوزيع،عمان -35

Al Wajiz Fi Al Qanoun al Dawli Al Am(The Brief about Principles of General International Law), Dr.

Ghazi Hassan Sabarini, 1st Editon, Dar Ath Thaqafa, Amman, 2007.

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ثانيا :المواقع االلكترونية:

مازن محارب ، دراسة في الفكر الجيوستراتيجي حول قوة الدولة، مورفولوجية الحدود السياسية (1

http://awu-dam.net 15-2=2010

2) 15-2-2010 http://www.moqatel.com

\news\archiveم 2008\2\2هـ ـ 1429\1\25الجليرة نت: السبت (3

\http://www.aljazeera.net

موقع أخبار سيناء، المحامي ع ء الكاشف رئيس اللجنة الشعبية لحقوح المواطن في سيناء (4

:sinainews.word press.com \\http

بهاء الدين األخا، دراسة حول آوار الجدار الفولذي على البيئة الطبيعية في خلة، سلطة جودة البيئة، (5

ps –gov www.environment:\\http م2010ـ 1ـ 25خلة، تاريخ النشر

www.insanonline.netكمال الشورطي، الجدار الفولذي كاروة نفسية ألهالي خلة، نابلس، فلسطين (6

الدكتور/ محمد رمضان األخا، ندوة خاصة حول األوار البيئية للجدار بين مصر وخلة، وزارة اللراعة ، (7

http://alaraniews.comوني خلة، منشور على الموقع اللكتر

م.2010\2\22هـ الموافق 1431\ربيع أول\8بتاريخ 4ص 988صحيفة فلسطين العدد (8

Second: Websites:

1. Mazen Muhareb, A Study in the Geostrategic Thinking About the Concept of the Power

of the State. Political Borders Morphology[online].Available: http://awu-dam.net.

[accessed 15th

February 2010].

2. Anon (2010). [online] http://www.moqatel.com .[ accessed 15th

February 2010].

3. Anon(2010)Al Jazeera Net.[online]. Available: http://www.aljazeera.net /news/archive.

[accessed 2nd

February2008 A.D corresponding to 25th

Muharam1429 A.H].

4. Advocate Alaa Al Kashif Head of Public Committee for the right of civilian in

Sinai(2010). Sinai News Website,[online].Available: http\\:sinainews.word press.com .

5. Bahaa Addin Al Agha(2010), A Study of the Impacts of the Iron Wall on the Landscape

of the Gaza Strip. Water Quality Authority. Gaza. Available: www.environment http\\

gov – ps [accessed on 25th

January 2010].

6. Kamal Al Shorti (2010) Iron Wall is a Catastrophe for People of Gaza. Nablus,

Palestine.[online]. Available: www.insanonline.net . 7. Dr. Mohamed Ramadan Al Agha. A Special Session about the Environmental Impacts

for Constructing between Egypt and Gaza Strip. Ministry of Agriculture. Gaza.[online].

Available: http://alaraniews.com.

8. Filasteen Newspaper. Issue (988) page 4.[22nd

February 2010 corresponding to 4th

Rabea Awwal 1431].

ثالثا : االتفاقيات الدولية:

–اتفاقية جنيف الرابعة بشأن حماية األشخاص المدنيين وقت الحرب ، القسم الثالث ، األراضي المحتلة (1

62 – 47المواد من

موسوعة اتفاقيات القانون الدولي اإلنساني ، شريف عتلم ومحمد عبد الواحد، إصدار بعثة اللجنة الدولية (2

. 212-208للصليب األحمر بالقاهرة، بدون سنة نشر، ص

( من النظام األساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية .6المادة ) (3

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جامعة منيسوتا ك مكتبة حقوح اإلنسان ، اتفاقية منع جريمة اإلبادة الجماعية والمعاقب عليها _، حقوح (4

، رقم 1993اإلنسان: مجموعة صكوك دولية، المجلد األول، األمم المتحدة، نيويورك،

.939، ص A.94.XIV-Vol.1, Part 1المبيع

Third: International Agreements:

1. The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War

Third Section, Occupied Territories-Articles from(47-62).

2. Agreements of International Humanitarian Law Encyclopedia, Sharif Atlam and

Mohammed Abdul Wahid, ICRC in Cairo, No date, (208-212).

3. Article (6) of the Basic System of the International Criminal Court. 4. Minnesota University, Human Rights Library, Prohibition of Genocide, Human Rights:

A Group of International Records, First Volume, United Nations, New York, 1993,

A.94.XIV-Vol.1, Part 1, Page 939.

Footnotes: ال.وامش i 58األحزال

Surat Al Ahzab: 58

ii 16/222اآللوم اوح الم، ن تمميا القاآر الاي والم ع الم ن

Al Alosi: Rouh Al Maani Fi Tafsir Al Quran Wa Al Saba Al Mathani:(222/16) iii 29مواو النم مر اآليح

Surat An Nisaa: From verse 29 iv .ل أج ل تخايج ك مع او ال حا

No chain of authorities was found v 4/30اآللوم اوح الم، ن

Al Alousi: Rouh Al Maani:( 30/4)

vi أخاجدددد ال خدددد ا دددد صددددحيح ا تدددد ل الدددد ي ، ا دددد ل قددددول ال ت،دددد لو "أر الددددنمس دددد لنمس..." ا اقدددد الحدددد يا

اقددددددددددددد ا وأخاج ممم صحيح ا ت ل القم مح والمح ا ير ا ل م ي ح الممم ا 9/5 ا 6878 .5/106 ا 4468الح يا

Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Al Bukhari, Book: (Diyyat), Chapter:( What

narrated about Allah: A human soul is ……), Hadith No. : 19(6878), (5/9), and its chain of

authorities is also stated in Sahih Muslim , Book of (Division and Fighters) (Qisama Wa Al

Muharibin). Chapter: (Cases where killing a Muslim is permissible), Hadith No. (4468),

(106/5).

vii ا 2785 ددد صدددحيح ا تددد ل الجهددد والمددديا ا ددد لا ضدددل الجهددد والمددديا ا اقددد الحددد يا أخاجددد ال خددد ا 4/15.

Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Al Bukhari. Book of : (Commands) (Al Wasaya).

Chapter: (Al Kabaer) (Seven Great Sins): Hadith No.: (272), (64/1).

viii 16/288أ و ح م ا شاح نه ال وحا.

Abu Hamid, The explanation of Nahj Al Balagha (16\288)

(ix) 7/220لم جوا ا الممصل ت ايظ ال،ال ق ل اإلم ا Ali Jawad, Al Mufassal fi Tareikh Al Arab Qabl Al Islam " The detailed history of Arab in the

pre-Islam era"

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x ،10مواو الحجاا. Surat Al Hujurat: (10)

xi 71مواو التو ح. Surat At Tawba: (71)

xii 17مواو األنم ل. Surat Al Anfal: (17)

xiii8/20 ا 6751ت ل ال ا والصمح واأل الا ل تااح الم منير ا اق الح يا أخاج ممم صحيح ا. Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Muslim, Book of: (Righteousness, manners and

joining the ties), chapter of: (There should be mutual fellow-feeling and love and will to help

each other among believers) (Hadith No. : (6751), (8/20).

xiv 8/10 ا 6706 أخاج ممم صحيح ا ت ل ال ا والصمح واآل ال ل تحاي رم الممم ا اق الح يا .

Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Muslim, Book of: (Righteousness, manners and

joining the ties), chapter of: (It is forbidden to commit oppression) (Hadith No. : (6706),

(10/8).

xv 1/90 ا ر قيل ال،ي ا شاح األا ،ير النوويح.

Ibn Daqiq El Eid: The Explanation of the Forty Nawawi Hadiths: (1/90)

xvi 5/97ال ا شاح صحيك ال خ ا ا ر حجا ال،مق ن ا تك. Ibn Hajar Al Asqalani, Fath al Bari fi sharh Sahih Al Bukhari: (5/97)

xvii ا 6747 أخاجدد ممددم دد صددحيح ا تدد ل ال ددا والصددمح واأل ل ا دد ل نصددا األ ر لمدد ك أو مرمومدد ك ا ح 8/19 .

Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Muslim, Book of: (Righteousness, manners and

joining the ties), chapter of: (Help your brother whether he is oppressor or the oppressed one)

(Hadith No. : (6747), (8/19).

xviii 2/475 لم ر اه ر الحم ا المياو الحم يح.

Ali Burhan al Halabi, Al Seira al Halabeya: (2/475)

xix 5/145 النويا ا نه يح األال نور األ ل. Al Nuwiri, Nihaya Al Arb fi Funoon Al Adab: (5/145)

xx 36 مواو النم. Surat An Nisa: (36)

xxi 7 تق تخايج م.

Its chain of authorities was mentioned in prior: Page(7)

xxii ا 6016ال خددد ا ددد صدددحيح ا تددد ل األ ل ا ددد ل إ ددد مدددر يدددلمر جددد اص وا قددد ا اقددد الحددد يا أخاجددد 8/10.

Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Al Bukhari. Book of :(Al Adab), Chapter of: ( Sin of

Whosoever harm a neighbor/, Hadith No.: (6016), (10/8).

xxiii1/28 ا 111خاج ال ح و شاح م، ن اآل اا ل التمميح لمو الوضو ا اق الح يا أ.

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Its chain of authorities is related in Explanation of Maani Al athar (Prophetic traditions),

Chapter of: (Mentioning the name of Allah on Wudua), Hadith No. : (111), (28/1).

xxiv ا 6855 أخاجدد ممددم دد صددحيح ا تدد ل ال ددا والصددمح وا ل ا دد ل الوصدديح لجدد ا ا اقدد الحدد يا 8/37.

Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Muslim, Book of: (Righteousness, manners and

joining the ties), chapter of: (Benevolent treatment toward the neighbor) (Hadith No. : (6855),

(8/37).

xxv لمنشددا انرا ال توا و ز حمر ص اين ا الوجيز م الق نور ال ول ال، ا ال ،ح األولوا اا ال ق ح

124ا م 2007والتوزيعالم ر Dr. Ghazi H. Saberini, Al Wajiz fi mabadea' Al Qanon Ad-Dawli Al Am "the Brief of the

General International Law", first edition, Dar Athaqafa publishing house, Amman 2007, page

124

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(xxvii )( من النظام األساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية .6انظر المادة ) Article (6) of the Basic System of the International Criminal Court.

(xxviii( سورة المائدة: اآلية )2.) Surat Al Maeda: Verse No. (2).

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