Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings · national policy, industry and industry associations,...
Transcript of Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings · national policy, industry and industry associations,...
Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings IEA SHC Task 40 / EBC Annex 52
Josef Ayoub Operating Agent
Seminario: Riqualificazione di edifici esistenti con elevati standard energetici: metodi e tecnologie
ENEA, Rome, Italy
12 giugno 2013
Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings TASK 40/ANNEX 52
Achieving a Sustainable Energy Future in Buildings
Energy use in buildings worldwide accounts for over 40% of primary energy use and 24% of greenhouse gas emissions (Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments, IEA, Paris. 2008)
Simply increasing energy supply will not solve the current energy supply and security situation and associated environmental problems.
Given the challenges related to climate change and resource shortages, making residential and non-residential buildings more energy- and resource-efficient while maintaining thermal comfort and cost-effectiveness represents and enormous opportunity to save money and reduce pollution
Radical improvements in the energy performance and use of renewables in buildings are required
All three imperatives
are simultaneously
addressed
Source: NREL, 2011
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Context
Currently, a prominent vision proposes so called “net zero energy” (USA), “net zero carbon” (UK) or “EQuilibrium” buildings (Canada)
A maze of definitions
Although these terms have different meaning and are poorly understood, several IEA countries have adopted this vision as a long-term goal of their building energy policies
1. Low energy house
2. High performance buildings
3. Energy saving house
4. Ultra low energy house
5. Zero energy house
6. Zero energy buildings
7. Passive house
8. Zero heating energy house
9. Plus energy house
10. Zero carbon house
11. Emission free house
12. Carbon free house
13. Energy self sufficient
14. BREEAM building
15. EQuilibrium house
16. Green building
17. Very low energy house
18. Climatic active house
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Annex 52/Task 40 Overview
Objective: To provide a clear definition and international agreement on the measures of building performance that could inform “zero energy” building policies, programs and industry adoption
Scope: Residential, non-residential, clusters, different climates.
Means:
Subtask A: Definitions and Implications
Subtask B: Design Processes and tools
Subtask C: Solution Sets (Adv. Design, Eng., Tech.)
Subtask D: Dissemination and Outreach
Period: Oct. 2008 – Sept 2013
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Between 55 – 60 experts + 15 or so regular participants and contributors
90% universities/academia (professors, PhD students)
National labs (NREL, CanmetENERGY, EURAC, AEE)
Industry (Samsung, GROCON, others)
New member China expressed interest in joining… but granted them observer status for last 2 meetings
USA Status is uncertain - they have not officially withdrawn but have not participated in last 3 group meetings
Participation – Excellent!
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R&D work program
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Planned Outputs/Deliverables
Source book (s) targeting specific groups such as
national policy, industry and industry associations,
utilities, academia, funding programs Vol. 1 - Definition and Methodologies (STA – DEU/ITA)
Vol. 2 - Design Tools and Processes (STB – Canada/US)
Vol. 3 - Case Studies (France, New Zealand)
Databases of over 50+ case studies from 19
countries and different climatic conditions
Stand-alone technical reports, conference papers A
PhD education network (professional development
courses, training material) Website (“NZEB
Knowledge Centre”)
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+
=
METRIC final energy
primary energy, n. r.
primary energy, total
carbon emission
exergy
costs
BALANCE PERIOD operation year
total period of utilization
life cycle
BALANCE BOUNDARY HVAC, DHW & lighting
+ appliances & central services
+ electro mobility
+ embodied energy
Input
Output
energy needs
feed-in credits
needs exceed credits
Framework
Subtask A: Definitions & Implications
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•energy
•demand
•feed-in / generation credits
•on-site
•generation
• load
•reference
•building
• delivered energy
• self-
consumption
•energy efficiency
•exported energy
Net ZEB Energy Balance Check •Reference: Energy & Buildings paper
Planning: Generation/Load
Independent calculation of on-site energy generation (PV, CHP,...) and building total energy demand
Operation: Export/Delivered
monitoring of net energy flow at the point of grid interaction considering internal load match.
Mixed : “Virtual” Load Match
Independent calculation of on-site energy generation and demand plus monthly based balance.
•load
•monthly net
•generation
•monthly net
•virtual monthly self-consumption
Subtask A: Definitions & Implications
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Defining the Share of Renewables?
European Parliament on Zero Energy Building Regulation
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Journal Publications
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Net ZEB Evaluation Tool (Lead by EURAC ,Bolzano, Italy)
An excel-based tool that enables energy balance, operating cost and load match index calculation for predefined selected definitions.
It aims at evaluating solutions adopted in building design with respect to different Net ZEB definitions (for building designers), assessing the balance in monitored buildings (for energy managers), and assisting the upcoming implementation process of Net ZEBs within the national normative framework (for decision makers).
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Source Book Vol.1
2000+ copies sold worldwide
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Subtask B: Design Tools & Processes
Three major activities
1. Document processes & tools currently being used or under development to design NZEBs
2. Select design tools and evaluate with in-depth case studies.
3. Develop model-based tools guide, in-depth worked examples of projects to support industry adoption.
Volume 2 of the source book to be published by Wiley & Sons
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Design methodologies versus optimization approach - issues
Passive solar design
Active solar and PV (add-on)
Building-integrated technologies: BIPV, BIPV/T, thermal storage
Control strategies, peak loads.
Cost (total? Relative?)
Early stage design – biggest impact
NZE goal modeling
How many energy/HVAC configurations?
Building shapes (e.g. L)
How is comfort included?
Controls?
BEOpt
Design approach Optimization
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Subtask B: Design Process & Tools Matrix
What is the appropriate model resolution for each stage of the design?
What is the role of simple spreadsheet-based tools (e.g., RETScreen and PHPP) versus more advanced detailed simulation?
What other tool capabilities are needed to model new technologies such as building fabric-integrated storage (PCMs), BIPV/T?
Access to data on technologies and design methodology to give better models
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17
Optimal combination of solar, CHP and energy efficiency technologies and techniques provides different pathways to reach net-zero
Solar energy: electricity + daylight + heat
Integrated approach to energy efficiency and passive design
Integrated design & operation: smart
Solar optimization: requires optimal design of form
Smart NetZEB concept
Why smart? NZEBs must be comfortable and optimally interact with a smart grid
BIPV/T
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Key features of EcoTerra House
Passive Solar Heating
Large south-facing windows (RSI 1)
Passive Charge Concrete Slab & Brick Wall
Motorized Blinds
BIPV/T PV panel Cooling
Drying Clothes
DWH heating
Ventilated Concrete Slab heating
Geothermal HP Forced-Air Space heating/cooling
DWH heating
Ventilation Fan
Return Air
Exhaust Air Interior
Brick Wall
Well Water
Outdoor
Air Inlet
BIPV/T System
A/W Heat
ExchangerGeothermal Heatpump
(source is
well water)
Ventilated Slab
Supply Air
DHW
Preheat
Tank
DHW
Tank
Electrical Heater
Potable Water
Non-potable Water
Desuper-
heater from Heatpump
Circulator
Air Flow
Direction
Water Flow
DirectionWell Water
HRV
Fresh Air
Exhaust Air
Exhaust
Dryer
Passive Charge Slab
(direct solar gain)
Drain Water Heat Recovery
Variable
Speed Fan
Damper
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NetZEB Detailed Case Studies
1) EcoTerra House, Eastman (near Montreal), Canada
3) NREL Research Support Facilities (RSF), Golden,
USA
2)EnerPos , Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France
4) Leaf House, Angeli di Rosara, Italy
1. Document the following
the design process
which modeling tools were used and how
notable features of each building
gaps of existing tools in designing NetZEB
building energy use and comfort
2. Study accuracy of modeling tools and use calibrated energy models to analyze building performance
3. Re-design case studies
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Vol. 2: NetZEB Model Resolution and Design
Appropriate model resolution for NetZEBs
Model resolution by design stage
Coupling/decoupling models
Geometry and thermal zoning
Lighting/Daylighting
Renewable energy systems
HVAC
Planning and programming
Cost to change design
Opportunity for influence
Schematic design
Design development
Construction douments
ConstructionSimulation-supported design techniques for NetZEBs
Climate analysis/site assessment
Solar design days
Parametric/sensitivity analysis
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Demand Reduction and Export to Grid: Example summer day for residential building in Canada
• Peak demand outside of generating hours;
• House supplies energy to grid during daytime
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0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
0 6 12 18 24Time (hrs)
kW
BIPV GenerationHouse Load
-8.0
-4.0
0.0
4.0
8.0
0 6 12 18 24
Time (hrs)
kW
-8
-4
0
4
8
MW
Energy Exported to Grid
Aggregated Grid Load
Figure 1. Load matching (left) refers to the relationship between a buildings own generation and load. Grid interaction (right) alludes to the relationship between the energy exported/imported to the grid and the load conditions of the grid itself.
Relevance of LMGI issues (peak demand, relationship with smart grid, predictive controls and energy storage technologies).
Load Matching and Grid Interaction in NetZEBs (chapter in volume 2)
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NetZEBs Source Books: Volume 2
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Path to NetZEB
Integrate passive solar design
Improve building envelope
Reduce interior
Demand loads
Heat
Power
Ph
ase
2D
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ith
on
-sit
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Ph
ase
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imp
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Pogharian/Ayoub
The value of good design
Invest in doing it right!
Dispelling the cost myth – “whole building” approach
Deliver efficiency W/O inconvenience
An energy education
Reduce energy use through conservation
Emerging green energy technologies
First consideration before design, efficiency, and conservation have been optimised
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Vol.3 NetZEB Solution Sets (Provide solutions sets to aid industry uptake)
“solutions” by Climate
Technology (active / passive)
Building type (residential / non-residential)
Monitored vs designed data
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Example of information in Vol.3
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Detailed Project Factsheets (Technical report #DC.TR1)
30 detailed case studies in PDF format
Approximately 120 pages
Information compilation is completed
Factsheet development in progress (feedback from country/case study champions)
Expected completion Q2, 2013
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Leaf House - Italy
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Casa Zero Energy - Italy
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Laion Solar Active House – S. Italy
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Schiestl Schutzhutte Hochschwab - CH
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Marché International - Switzerland
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EFH Riehen Housing - Switzerland
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Kraftwerk - Switzerland
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Plus Energy Houses - Germany
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Plus Energy Settlement Freiburg – Germany
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Plus Energy School Hohen Neuendorf - Germany
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KLEE Hause - Germany
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Pantin Primary School - France
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Kyoto High School - France
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Le Charpark, Institut d'Études Scientifiques de Cargèse - Corsica
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EnerPos Building, Université de la Réunion, France
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L’Ilet de Centre Saint-Pierre (centre-ville) – Reunion Island
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Green Office- France
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Energy Flex Homes - Denmark
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Solar XXI - Portugal
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CIRCE Building – Zaragosa, Spain
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Lima House - Spain
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Meridian – New Zealand
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Pixel - Australia
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Riverdale EQuilibrium House - Canada
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EcoTerra EQuilibrium House - Canada
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http://www.enob.info/en/net-zero-energy-buildings/map/
Now established platform of STA/STC and officially linked from task web page
World Wide Net ZEB Map
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PhD Workshop on NetZEBs (Solution sets based on worked case studies)
Venue: IESC, Scientific
Research Institute of
Cargese, Corsica (France)
Date: September 24-28,
2012
Participants: 18 PhD-level
students from 7 countries; 2
subtask C leaders; lecturers
from academia, government
and industry
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http://www.iea-shc.org/task40/events/Montreal-PhD/index.html
Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings TASK 40/ANNEX 52
Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings TASK 40/ANNEX 52
Italy vs. World, A Friendly, Naples, May 2012
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Subtask D: Dissemination & Outreach
• Task website: http://task40.iea-shc.org • Task flyers / info brochures • Technical Reports • Work/conference papers(30 posted)
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Zero Energy Building
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_building
Different kind of balancing
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Dissemination/influencing policy
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7th Experts Meeting, Naples, May 2012
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Exchange of ideas and information.
Disseminate the Task 40 activities outputs.
Transfer of know-how.
To establish co-operation (RES and energy efficiency).
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Experts Group Meetings
10th EG Meeting, Canada
End
1st EG Meeting, Montréal, Canada
2nd EG Meeting, Wupperta, Germany
Sept. 2013
May 2009
Oct. 2009
May 2010
3rd EG Meeting, Réunion, France
Sept. 2010
April 4 -6, 2011
Oct.5 -7 2011
May 2012
Oct. 1-3, 2012
April 30 - May 2, 2013
4th EG Meeting, Graz, Austria
6th EG Meeting, Basel, Switzerland
8th EG Meeting, Barcelona, Spain
5th EG Meeting. Golden, USA
7th EG Meeting, Naples, Italy
9th EG Copenhagen, Denmark
PhD
PhD
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For more information
Josef Ayoub CanmetENERGY/Natural Resources Canada
P.O. Box 4800, Varennes, Québec
CANADA J3X 1S6
Phone:+ (1) 450-652-1981
Fax: + (1) 450- 652-5177
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.canmetenergy.nrcan.gc.ca