Towards a sustainable society

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Transcript of Towards a sustainable society

Page 1: Towards a sustainable society
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o Sustainable society is a society in balance with the natural world, continuing generation after generation, neither depleting its resource base by exceeding sustainable yield nor producing pollutants in excess of nature’s capacity to absorb them.

o A sustainable society is one that can progress without catastrophic setbacks in the foreseeable future. Sustainable society (USA).

o Sustainable society is a society in balance with the natural world, continuing generation after generation, neither depleting its resource base by exceeding sustainable yield nor producing pollutants in excess of nature’s capacity to absorb them.

o A sustainable society is a society.

o That meets the needs of the present generation.

o That does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

o In which each human being has the opportunity to develop itself in freedom, within a well-balanced society and in harmony with its surroundings.

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o Mahatma Gandhi has said: "Earth provides enough to satisfy

every man's need, but not every man's greed."

o The IUCN, UNEP and WWF defined sustainable

development as „Improving the quality of life of humans

while living within the carrying capacity of supporting eco-

system‟.

o Sustainability comprises three element-depletion of

resources in order not to leave future generations empty-

handed; environmental and ecological aspects in order to

enable present and future generations to live in a healthy

environment ,in harmony with nature; the quality of life in

order to ensure human well –being for present and future

generation.

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The principles are:

Respect and care for the community of life. Improve the quality of life. Conserve the earth’s vitality and diversity. Minimise the earth’s non-renewable recourses. Keep within the earth’s carrying capacity. Change the personal attitudes& practices to

adopt the ethics for a sustainable way of life. Enable communities to care their environment

i.e. “think global and act local”. Provide a national framework for integrating

development and conservation. Create a global alliance for global common

resources (atmosphere, ocean and shared eco system) (IUCN, UNEP).

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Sustainable Society Index (SSI) - is a suitable

yardstick to measure the level of sustainability of a

country, it integrates the most important aspects of

sustainability and quality of life of a national society

in a simple and transparent way.

It consist of only 22 indicators, grouped into 5

categories, it is based upon the definition of the

Brundtland Commission, extended to the

Brundtland definition by explicitly including the

social aspects of human life.

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1SSI-Category&Parameters----

Category Indicators Standard

Weight

World-Wide

sore of category

Remarks

Personal

Development

Healthy life;Sufficient

food;Sufficient to drink;Safe

sanitation;Gender equality

1/7th 7.5

Healthy

Environment

Air quality;Surface water

quality;Land quality

1/7th 5.6

Well-Balanced

Society

Good

governance;Employment;Population

growth;Income distribution;Public

debt.

1/7th 5.1

Sustainable Use

of Resources

Waste cycling;Use of renewable

water resources;Consumption of

renewable energy

2/7th 4.3

Sustainable

World

Forest area;Preservation of bio-

diversity,Emmission of green house

gases;Ecological

footprint;International cooperation

2/7th 6.4

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The dynamics of information and communicationtechnology (ICT) will contribute:

General wealth,

Reduce poverty,

Empower and integrate billions of people ,

Even in the poorest country.

It bridges the DIGITAL- DIVIDE.

ICT offer new access of education and knowledgesharing, access to public services and convergencein citizen-government, employment and businessopportunities, information and knowledge even inthe remotest regions, helps to reduce poverty&builds sustainable society.

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ICT is only means not ends. Some important thumb rule must be taken in care before discussing the role of ICT,

I) Focus on CITIZEN not on COMPUTER;

II) Focus on SOFTWARE not on HARDWARE;

III) Focus on PEOPLE not on SYSTEM

IV) Focus on transforming on the process not on translation of process.

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Attacking Poverty identifies three priority areas for

reducing poverty:

Increasing market opportunity,

Enhancing empowerment,

Improving financial security.

Opportunity makes markets work for the poor and

expands poor people‟s assets. Empowerment makes

state institutions work better for poor people and

removes social barriers. Security helps poor people

manage risk.

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Increasing opportunities by supporting pro-poor market development e.g. ICT use in Gujrat milk centres, NAREGA, Kerala fisherman’s success story.

Security to poor’s –Smart cards in micro-Financing, Bio-Metric ATM cards for NAREGA labourers.

Enhancing empowerment to poor’s through access to Government information/public services (e-governance) e.g. CSC in India and CeC in Philipines.

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ICT&UIDN-Unique Identification Number to every

Indians. Programme launched on June25, 2009.

It is an ICT tool to reduce poverty& development of

country. It will facilitate financial inclusion, ensure

better governance and improved service delivery so

that the targeted group of people is actually

benefited by centre and state.

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The growth in access to ICT in developing countries is boosting economic productivity, raising incomes of families and small businesses, and providing an important source of government revenue.

It is estimated that a 10 percent increase in teledensity contributes to 0.6 percent of GDP growth.

McKinsey group has estimated that- every ten percentage points increase in broadband penetration results in1.38 percentage points additional GDP growth in developing countries.

Private investors transferred approximately US$7.1 billion to governments of IDA countries through privatizations and license awards between 1997 and 2007.

Around $30 billion was committed to investments in telecommunications Networks in IDA countries between 1997 and 2007.

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ICT can be used by government agencies to transform relationswith citizens and business.

Potential benefits include- Increases transparency, less corruption,better delivery of government services and greater Informationdisclosure and the possibility of interacting with public officialsalso build pressure for government responsiveness ,governmentaccountability, the poor become empowered because they feel theyare getting a service rather than a favour.

Govt. of India implemented a major ICT based public servicedelivery programme under National e-Governance Programme(NeGP), under this programme 1,00,000 Common Service Centres(C.S.C.) will open at every six village on honeycombedmodel,comlete in between2006-2013,cost 4.00billionUSD.

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An e-Governance Plan with the vision of providing all government services in an integrated manner at the doorstep of the rural citizen, at an affordable cost has been formulated.

Vision Statement of NeGP - “Make all government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets, and ensure efficiency, transparency, and reliability of such services at affordable cost to realise the basic needs of the common man”

The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), comprising of 27 Mission Mode Projects (Mission Mode Project (MMPs)) and 8 components, on May 18, 2006.

All services supported by 3 infrastructure pillars to facilitate web-enabled

Anytime, Anywhere access

Connectivity: State Wide Area Networks (SWANs)/NICNET;

National Data Bank/ State Data Centres ( SDCs);

Common Service Centres (CSCs): primary mode of delivery.

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Network of common Service Center(CSC) under NeGP

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Services Central State Integrated

Services to Citizens (G2C) Income Tax

Passport, visa and immigration

E-Posts

Land records

Property registration

Road transport

Agriculture

Municipalities

Panchayats

Police

Employment Exchange

Education

HealthFood Distribution & other

welfare programs

Common Services Centres: Single-

window public service delivery points

eventually reaching all the 600,000

villages in India

State Wide Area Network SWAN: fiber

optic connectivity up to block level

Countrywide State Data Centers

All India Portal

National E-Governance Gateway

Services to Business (G2B) Excise

Company affairs

Commercial Taxes -EDI-Custom&foreign trade

-E-Biz

-E-Procurement

Other National ID

National GIS for planning

Treasuries E-Courts

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The CSCs are meant to provide high quality and cost

effective video, voice and data content, in the areas of E-

Government, Education, Health, Tele-medicine,

Entertainment as well as possible government and private

services.

The goal of the CSC Project is to empower the rural

community and catalyze social change through modern

technologies.

Government establishing 1,00,000 Common Services

Centres in 6,00,000 villages of India on “honey –comb

model” i.e. each c.s.c. will cover six villages with cost of

4.0billions USD in period-2006-2013.

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A bottem up approach to ICT-Enabled Common Services

Canters (CSC) . It is the community participation and

collective action, not ICT alone, which will lead to a

behavior change for a sustainable socio-economic change

and long-term rural prosperity.

End-to-end Services : Government (G2C) Services; e -

Government Services; Business to Consumer (B2C)

services; Business-to-Business services (B2B).

Empowered rural youth as social entrepreneurs1,00,000

direct& about 3,00,000 jobs will create through these

C.S.C.,s.

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Improved governance at cheaper costs. Establishing e-

governance at lowest level i.e. at Panchyat level in India

New channels of distribution for products and services in

rural India

Common Service Centres(C.S.C.‟S) OF India,similarlily

Government of Philipines implemented Common e

Centres(CeC) with the use of killer applications – i.e.,

applications and services that create a high and pro-poor

developmental impact, and encourage replication.

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Means first "digital divide" between the technology "haves" and the“haves not”- access to computers and related technologies.

The digital divide comprises--access, or lack of access to the Internet. Ina globalized world, communication and access to information is not aluxury, but a basic right that people must have for human development.

Scenario of Digital-Divide--digital –divide is clearly depicted from theworld wide internet user world’s 75.8%internet user comes from top 20countries while rest internet user24.2% comes from rest ofcountries(mostly are developing countries(see pie chart).

Internet user’s distribution shows that most of the user from developedworld in 2005 but in 2010 developing countries share graduallyincreasing .(see pie chart). China on top position, followed by Amarica,Japan, Brazil&India(81 million user till 2009).

Internet user per 100 inhabitants is in world in 2010 is (30) while inEurope(65),Amarica(55),CIS(46),Arab states(24.9),Asia-Pacific(21.9) andin Africa(9.6).This data in developed countries is (71.6) while indeveloping countries.

Proportion of house hold internet user per 100 inhabitants in 2010 is(71.1) in developed countries and in developing.

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AMD company initiated “The 50x15 Initiative "consist of AMD supports to empower 50% of the world’s population with Internet access by year 2015.

The XO Laptop(one laptop to one children initiative).

ITU Secretary-General Hamadoun Touré said as he addressed the closing session of WTDC-2010. “Yet, the digital divide remains —particularly where accessibility to broadband services and the Internet is concerned. This broadband divide must be addressed by governments and industry as a priority if we are to fully utilize the capacity of ICTs to meet the Millennium Development Goals.”

World telecommunication and ICT development Report-2010 says that -to achieve the goal to cover 50% world population of the world access to internet following measure must be taken by the states/countries policy makers

-Increasing competition among market players to lower the cost of

hardware& services .

-Expanding public access to internet.

-Providing citizens with appropriate ICT skills

-Developing locally relevant content in local language.

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o Improving teaching and learning processes and allowing students to acquire new sets of skills required for the information society.

o Providing learners with access to Internet resources and computers as pedagogical tools;

o Supporting teacher training through ICT-enabled distance-education programmes;

o Improving the administration of educational institutions in order to enhance the quality and efficiency of service delivery. Some countries& regoins set theie targets to achieve the goal of ict access to education system.

o In Latin America and the Caribbean, eLAC 2010 established a target to connect 70 per cent of public educational institutions by 2010, preferably via broadband, otherwise tripling the current number of public schools connected to the internet.

o The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) e-Schools Initiative was announced in 2003 at the Africa Summit of the World Economic Forum, for implementation until 2013. One of its goals was to equip.

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o Communication technology enforces this development by supporting the knowledge exchange between people.

o For knowledge sharing the scientific and research centres must be connect

with ICTs. :Promot affordable and reliable high-speed Internet connection for

all universities and research institutions to support their critical role in

information and knowledge production, education and training, and to

support the establishment of partnerships, cooperation and networking

between these institutions.”[WSIS]

o Established more national research and education network. (NREN) is a

specialized Internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the

research and education communities within a country. perform two main

functions in relation to scientific research.

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o Connecting people means giving everyone the power to choose when and

how to stay in touch with the things that matter most in their lives, so that

they can make the most out of every moment.

o ICT is a great leveller. Thomos L.Friedman famous amarican journalist

wrote in his famous book “HOT, FLAT&CROWDED”-Global economic

field become levelled due to-personal computers,interne and software

and transmission protocol.

o 5282million mobile phone subscriber&1197 million fixed phone

subscriber.90%world population is covered by telephone.telephony

reaches its saturation, now future growth in field of internet.

o Till 2010 world wide internet user are-2084million7 Internet penetration

at every 100 people is 30.1. world wide internet user till 2010 are2084

million& in India 600million.

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I) ICT reduces the poverty by increasing opportunity of job for

poor people and securing them from financial setbacks.

II) ICT improving the financial condition of people& create

wealth of nation.

III) ICT empower the people specially in remote rural

area.ICT enable them to public service in their locality that

way their money and time saved. It also converge

government and citizens. Functioning of Government

become more transparent and accountable to citizen.

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IV) India is exploring potential of rural areas through common serviccentres (CSC). These CSC’S will create 1,00,000 direct jobs&3,00,000 jobs indirectly in rural India. Village level entrepreneurship will develop through these CSC’s. These centres are opening new channels of distribution for product and services in rural India.

V) Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu once said “give fish to man you willfeed him for a day, teach man to fish you will feed him for life”. It implied that educate the people,his income will increase.ICT provide new access to education,information&knowledge.Itenhance the national growth&improve the living standard of people.Internet access to all schools& computer literacy is need of hour to bridge second digital divide.

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VI) ICT expansion& networking is still needed in field of higher

education and science-technology R&D field for knowledge

sharing.

VII) World’s 90% population is covered with telephone ;its

growth is almost reaches at saturation level but it connect the

people world wide. Now high growth exist in internet sector in

future. There is a huge gap in internet access and number of user

in between developing countries& developed countries. In 21st

century internet will be as essential as electrcity. Internet Access

To All should be new slogan in 21st century& access to internet

should declare as human right, so that world can achieve

milleniud Development Goals ,to make a sustainable society.

.