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Fire Suppression Fire Suppression TechniquesTechniques

IFSTA Chapter 14IFSTA Chapter 14

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Additional Reading Additional Reading ResourcesResources

IFSTA IFSTA Chapter 13 – Fire StreamsChapter 13 – Fire Streams Chapter 2 – Fire BehaviourChapter 2 – Fire Behaviour Chapter 5 – Portable Fire ExtinguishersChapter 5 – Portable Fire Extinguishers

In the context of Fire Suppression In the context of Fire Suppression TechniquesTechniques

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OverviewOverview Fire Control.Fire Control. Roles & Coordination of Fire Roles & Coordination of Fire

Crews.Crews. Tactics.Tactics. Fire Attack Strategies.Fire Attack Strategies. Suppressing Class A Structural Suppressing Class A Structural

Fires.Fires. Safety.Safety.

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OverviewOverview

Master Streams.Master Streams. Review extinguishing agents.Review extinguishing agents. Class B fire suppression.Class B fire suppression. Bulk transport vehicle / passenger Bulk transport vehicle / passenger

vehicle fires.vehicle fires. Class C fire suppression.Class C fire suppression. Class D fire suppression.Class D fire suppression.

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Fire ControlFire Control Fire control is the Fire control is the 22ndnd tactical priority tactical priority..

Fire control involves activities required Fire control involves activities required to confine the fire, stop its forward to confine the fire, stop its forward progress and bring it under control.progress and bring it under control.

Benchmark – “Under control.”Benchmark – “Under control.”

Support activities that assist in fire Support activities that assist in fire control: Ventilation, forcible entry, control: Ventilation, forcible entry, provision of access, fire streams, etc.provision of access, fire streams, etc.

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Fire Control - OffensiveFire Control - Offensive

an aggressive well an aggressive well placed interior placed interior attack with related attack with related support activities support activities to quickly bring to quickly bring the fire under the fire under control.control.

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Fire Control - DefensiveFire Control - Defensive

an exterior attack an exterior attack directed to first directed to first reduce fire spread reduce fire spread and protect and protect exposures, then exposures, then bring the fire bring the fire under control. under control.

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What factor should be What factor should be considered when considered when

choosing an Offensive choosing an Offensive vs. Defensive Strategy?vs. Defensive Strategy?

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OFFENSIVE AND OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE ATTACKS DEFENSIVE ATTACKS CAN NOT TAKE PLACE CAN NOT TAKE PLACE

SIMULATNEOUSLY!SIMULATNEOUSLY!

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““MARGINAL”MARGINAL”

An An INITIALINITIAL attack strategy attack strategy ONLYONLY Serious working fireSerious working fire Limited opportunity for offensive Limited opportunity for offensive

attackattack While offensive attack is in progress While offensive attack is in progress

– hose lines are put in place to – hose lines are put in place to switch to a defensive attackswitch to a defensive attack

When would you use this strategy?When would you use this strategy?school.edhole.com

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Hose line selectionHose line selection

Consider:Consider:

Fire progressFire progress

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Hose line selectionHose line selection

Consider:Consider:

Fire load – potentialFire load – potential

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Hose line selectionHose line selection

Consider:Consider:

Flow requiredFlow required

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Hose line selectionHose line selection

Consider:Consider:

Reach requiredReach required

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Hose line selectionHose line selection

Consider:Consider:

Manpower availableManpower available

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Hose line selectionHose line selection

Consider:Consider:

Water availableWater available

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Hose line selectionHose line selection

Consider:Consider:1)1) Fire progressFire progress

2)2) Fire load – potentialFire load – potential

3)3) Flow requiredFlow required

4)4) Reach requiredReach required

5)5) Manpower availableManpower available

6)6) Water availableWater available

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Hose line selectionHose line selection

See chart page 536 table 14.1See chart page 536 table 14.1

38 mm38 mm 160-500 lpm 160-500 lpm (360)(360)

8-15 m8-15 m 1 or 21 or 2

45 mm45 mm 160-700 lpm 160-700 lpm 8-15 m8-15 m 22

65 mm65 mm 500-1400 500-1400 lpm (900 lpm (900

lpm)lpm)

15-30 m15-30 m 2–4 (1)2–4 (1)

MasteMaster r

StreaStreamm

1400-8000 1400-8000 lpm (2000 lpm (2000

lpm)lpm)

30-60 m30-60 m 11school.edhole.com

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Fire Company Roles & Fire Company Roles & TacticsTactics

Remember Incident Management system Remember Incident Management system at all timeat all time

IMS is a fluid, dynamic systemIMS is a fluid, dynamic system Assigned roles can change based on Assigned roles can change based on

situationsituation As a crew (pair) complete your assigned As a crew (pair) complete your assigned

task and report when you are donetask and report when you are done No freelancing EVER!No freelancing EVER! SAFETY!SAFETY!

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Fire Company Roles & Fire Company Roles & TacticsTactics

First-in PumperFirst-in Pumper Assumes commandAssumes command Size up – tactical prioritiesSize up – tactical priorities Develops an attack plan Develops an attack plan

(offensive/defensive/margin(offensive/defensive/marginal strategy)al strategy)

Establishes a water supplyEstablishes a water supply Provides hose lines for fire Provides hose lines for fire

controlcontrolschool.edhole.com

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Fire Company Roles & Fire Company Roles & TacticsTactics

First in hand linesFirst in hand lines1.1. Support rescue (before or after)Support rescue (before or after)

2.2. Between the victims & the fireBetween the victims & the fire

3.3. Protect escape routes (stairs!)Protect escape routes (stairs!)

4.4. Cut off fire (interior exposures)Cut off fire (interior exposures)

5.5. Control hallways & stairsControl hallways & stairs

6.6. Initiate extinguishment from Initiate extinguishment from unburned side – when?unburned side – when?

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Fire Company Roles & Fire Company Roles & TacticsTactics

Second PumperSecond Pumper Assist with water Assist with water

supplysupply Crews back up initial Crews back up initial

lineslines Protects secondary Protects secondary

means of egressmeans of egress Prevent fire extensionPrevent fire extension Protects exposuresProtects exposures Assists with Assists with

extinguishmentsextinguishments

AerialAerial Assist with search & Assist with search &

rescuerescue Ventilation (PPV, Ventilation (PPV,

vertical, etc.)vertical, etc.) Ladder buildingLadder building Provide elevated Provide elevated

master streams master streams (defensive)(defensive)

Salvage & overhaulSalvage & overhaulschool.edhole.com

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Fire Company Roles & Fire Company Roles & TacticsTactics

RescueRescue Forcible entry Forcible entry

(specialized equip)(specialized equip) Search & rescueSearch & rescue Assist with fire attack Assist with fire attack

when requiredwhen required VentilationVentilation Salvage & overhaulSalvage & overhaul LightingLighting R.I.T. teamsR.I.T. teams

District ChiefDistrict Chief Assumes commandAssumes command Coordinates all fire Coordinates all fire

ground activitiesground activities Assigns crews tasksAssigns crews tasks Evaluates strategy Evaluates strategy

(and tactics?)(and tactics?) Manages resourcesManages resources Liaison with other Liaison with other

agencies & mediaagencies & media

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Safety PrecautionsSafety Precautions Full PPE & SCBA, hose line, radio, Full PPE & SCBA, hose line, radio,

forcible entry tool.forcible entry tool. IMS – appropriate strategy, tactics and IMS – appropriate strategy, tactics and

tasks.tasks. Work in pairs or crews.Work in pairs or crews. Entry control.Entry control. Back up crews and lines.Back up crews and lines. R.I.T. crews.R.I.T. crews. Structural conditions.Structural conditions. Fire conditionsFire conditions.(backdraft, flashover, location).(backdraft, flashover, location)

Building hazards Building hazards (contents, electrical,(contents, electrical, construction)construction)

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BREAK TIMEBREAK TIME

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Fire Attack MethodsFire Attack Methods

Effective fire control is Effective fire control is achieved by applying the achieved by applying the right amount of water (or right amount of water (or

other medium), in the other medium), in the right form, in the right right form, in the right

place.place. school.edhole.com

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Fire Attack MethodsFire Attack Methods

Prior to entering a structure, set the Prior to entering a structure, set the nozzle pattern, and bleed off air.nozzle pattern, and bleed off air.

Wait at doorway for order to advance.Wait at doorway for order to advance.

Stay to one side of any doors, nobody Stay to one side of any doors, nobody should block doorway, stay low.should block doorway, stay low.

Fire crew should be between the fire & Fire crew should be between the fire & the exitthe exit..school.edhole.c

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Fire Attack MethodsFire Attack Methods

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Fire Attack MethodsFire Attack Methods

1.1. Direct AttackDirect Attack

2.2. Indirect AttackIndirect Attack

3.3. Combination AttackCombination Attack

Not to be confused with an attack Not to be confused with an attack strategy strategy (offensive/defensive/marginal)(offensive/defensive/marginal)

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Fire Attack Methods - Fire Attack Methods - DirectDirect

Narrow or straight stream applied Narrow or straight stream applied directly to the seat of the burning directly to the seat of the burning materials.materials.

Water is applied in short bursts. (5-Water is applied in short bursts. (5-10secs)10secs)

This will darken down the fire, and This will darken down the fire, and will not upset the thermal layering.will not upset the thermal layering.school.edhole.c

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Class A Structural FireClass A Structural FireDirect AttackDirect Attack

Solid / straight stream.Solid / straight stream. Short bursts at base of fire.Short bursts at base of fire. Close position.Close position.

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Fire Attack Methods - Fire Attack Methods - IndirectIndirect

Fire stream distributed Fire stream distributed throughout the heated upper throughout the heated upper portion of a room with a sweeping portion of a room with a sweeping motion.motion.

Used when crews are unable to Used when crews are unable to enter the area due to intense fire enter the area due to intense fire conditions.(doorway or window)conditions.(doorway or window)school.edhole.c

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Fire Attack Methods - Fire Attack Methods - IndirectIndirect

Generates steam production, ventilate Generates steam production, ventilate area and advance line to extinguish area and advance line to extinguish hot spots with direct attack.hot spots with direct attack.

DISTURBS THE THERMAL DISTURBS THE THERMAL LAYERINGLAYERING

RISK OF BURNS TO FIREFIGHTING RISK OF BURNS TO FIREFIGHTING TEAMSTEAMSschool.edhole.c

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Class A Structural FireClass A Structural FireIndirect AttackIndirect Attack

Solid / straight / narrow fog pattern.Solid / straight / narrow fog pattern. Stream directed at ceiling.Stream directed at ceiling. Sweeping motion.Sweeping motion.

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Fire Attack Methods - Fire Attack Methods - CombinationCombination

A narrow or straight fog pattern A narrow or straight fog pattern distributed throughout the fire area by a distributed throughout the fire area by a rapid clockwise rotating motion.rapid clockwise rotating motion.

This method quickly controls the fire and This method quickly controls the fire and reduces the chance of flashover.reduces the chance of flashover.

Disrupts the thermal balance, limiting Disrupts the thermal balance, limiting visibilityvisibility..

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Class A Structural FireClass A Structural FireCombination AttackCombination Attack

Solid / straight / narrow fog.Solid / straight / narrow fog. Stream directed at ceiling, walls and Stream directed at ceiling, walls and

burning materials in T, Z or O burning materials in T, Z or O pattern.pattern.

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Improper Fog Nozzle Improper Fog Nozzle AttackAttack

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Proper Fog Nozzle Proper Fog Nozzle AttackAttack

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Basement FiresBasement Fires

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Highrise FiresHighrise Fires

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Highrise FiresHighrise Fires

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Trash / Dumpster FiresTrash / Dumpster Fires

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Master StreamsMaster Streams

Defensive operations:Defensive operations:

(large fire beyond the (large fire beyond the control of handlines, control of handlines, can be used in an area can be used in an area that is unsafe for that is unsafe for personnel)personnel)

Direct fire attackDirect fire attack Exposure protectionExposure protection Cooling for flammable Cooling for flammable

gas/liquid storage tanksgas/liquid storage tanks Elevated master Elevated master

streams – advantage of streams – advantage of extra reach!extra reach!

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