Tokugawa Japan

EAST ASIAN EARLY MODERN HISTORY

Map of east Asia

Japan Background

lasted from 1603 to 1867.

Focused on establishing

social-political

order, and international

affairs.

Japans Tokugawa

Social hierarchy

FOUNDER OF THE SHOGUNATE

TOKUGAWA IEYASU

• Foreign policy: Restrictive• The Christian rebellion in 1637-1638

undoubtedly helped harden the Tokugawa to strictly limit all

sources of possible foreign interference.

• After a century and half of incessant warfare the Tokugawa Shogunate was obsessed with

maintaining order.

THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE OF JAPAN

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Farmer turned military commander

Takes control and moves capital to Osaka

• Development: Cities and impact• This marked the beginning of Japan's first true pop culture, a mass-production culture of the marketplace.

• Theatres came into being – women were banned from acting and acting was hereditary.

• Books written in the Japanese language rather than in class Chinese were published in great numbers

Tokugawa Ieyasu

Daimyo of Edo (Modern Tokyo)

Took control of Japan after Toyotomi’s death

Restores centralized power

Moves capital to Edo “Great Peace”

http://uk.encarta.msn.com/media_121637196/Japan_Under_Tokugawa_Rule.html

Europeans come to Japan First Portuguese traders

Welcomed, traded openly

Weapons, tobacco, clocks and glasses from Europe

http://rezanov.krasu.ru/eng/epoch/img/japan4l.jpg

Europeans get kicked out

http://www.artsales.com/ARTistory/Xavier/Xavier_1.html

Next Jesuit Missionaries At first converted many

Daimyo But, Jesuits destroyed shrines

resulting in Hideyoshi prohibiting Christian activities in his land

Missionaries expelled Traders also removed

Only 1 Dutch group remained w/ restrictions

16th Century Japanese Nanban screen showing the arrival of Jesuits in Japan Circa 1549

http://web000.greece.k12.ny.us/SocialStudiesResources/Social_Studies_Resources/GHG_Documents/Tokugawa%20Laws%20of%20Japan%20Passage%2001.02.jpg

Tokugawa Rule Wanted to control the feudal

system in Japan Land was divided into hans

(domains), which were ruled by daimyo

Could be independent, but shogunate ruled by hostage system

http://roninsushiandbar.com/history.aspx

Hostage system Each daimyo has 2 houses. 1 in Edo; 1 on their han When daimyo isn’t in Edo, his

family must stay there (like hostages) so the daimyo don’t rebel

http://www.nakasendoway.com/images/2-9-1.jpg

Economic Changes

http://w00.middlebury.edu/ID085A/Edo/index2.html

Trade and Industry grew

Cities grew Edo +1 Million pop.

Banking grew, paper money became the standard

Merchant class grew Taxes increased

Peasants suffered, some revolted

Coins from the Edo period

Social Changes

http://www.flickr.com/photos/24443965@N08/2862111344/ Strict class distinctions

Emperor and imperial court

Warriors Peasants/farmers Artisans Merchants Eta (outcasts)

Laws separating them No intermarriage

Eta skinning deer

Role of women

Restricted, especially in warrior class

Influenced by Confucianism

Rules: Parents determined

marriage Men could divorce

women who don’t fulfill their duties.

Men controlled property. Were valued as mothers

http://www.flickr.com/photos/24443965@N08/3492944934/in/set-72157617576425408/

Cultural Changes

Literature Popular in cities Lighthearted, for fun

Ihara Saikaku “Five Women who

Loved Love” Poetry

More serious Haiku (5,7,5; about

nature) Ex. Matsuo Basho

http://www.big.or.jp/~loupe/links/ehisto/ebasho.shtml

From all directions

Winds bring petals of cherryInto the grebe lake.

Theater

http://www.traveltokyo.info/kabuki1.jpg

Kabuki (link)No women

performersEmphasizes

action, music and gestures

Art and Architecturehttp://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/japan/Architecture/Architecture2.html Need for homes in Edo

caused nobles to compete for ‘best’ homes Used gold foil to reflect

light in dark castles Also used height for

defense

Hirosaki Castle

Decline of Tokugawa Dynasty(link)

Pictureswiki[edia.orgTOKUGAWA-SHOGUNATE.WEEBLY.COM/HIERARCHY

INSPIRATION

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_on_his_horse.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_on_his_horse.jpg&usg=__cxRJjbxybqWLpB3s-bAzG2s2_Vs=&h=468&w=468&sz=83&hl=en&start=20&um=1&tbnid=2NoWdarkRyYifM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtoyotomi%2Bhideyoshi%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dstrict%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&safe=strict

Kirsten Lodge, Associate Professor of Humanities and English at Midwestern State University