OULU t kpanOULU network&&

UrBan Interactions (UBI) programProfessor Timo Ojala

University of OuluFinland

timo.ojala@ee.oulu.fi1

Oulu, Finland

• Founded in 1605

• Population of ~137 000• Largest city in Northern Finland, #6 in FinlandLargest city in Northern Finland, #6 in Finland• Growing city: projected population 145 000 in 2040• Growing old: now 12% over 64 years, projected 21% in 2040• ~11% unemployment rate

St ICT t• Strong ICT competence• Largest regional R&D expenditure per capita in Finland• About 14000 ICT jobs in Oulu region (Nokia 4700)• About 14000 ICT jobs in Oulu region (Nokia ~4700)• Wired Magazine ranked Oulu #3 ”silicon valley” in the world in late 1990’s

Ci ’ l d i i i i ICT d R&D• City’s central administration is very pro ICT and pro R&D

• More information: http://www.ouka.fip

2

KampusWLANAb t 1050 AP’ i t t l

OuluNET

• About 1050 AP’s in total• Cisco 1100/1200 series• Linksys WRT54GL

RotuaariWLANOukaWLAN• Strix OWS-2400• Siemens HiPath• Buffalo WHR G54S• Buffalo WHR-G54S

• Different ’last miles’• Ethernet, xDSL

panOULU subscriptions

• @450 (Flash-OFDM)• WiFi (IEEE 802.11a)

• 100 Mbps Internet uplink• 100 Mbps Internet uplink• Core services sponsored

by City of Oulu

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panOULU = campus networks of 5 public organisations + panOULU subscriptionsAppears as one large uniform WiFi network to users (SSID panoulu)

Milestones of the panOULU network15 10 2003 Signing of the original panOULU agreement15.10.2003 Signing of the original panOULU agreement

(City of Oulu, University Of Oulu, Oulu Polytechnic, OPOY)

17 6 2004 Network opened to the general public with visitor accounts17.6.2004 Network opened to the general public with visitor accounts8.4.2005 COMPETENCE Oulu 400 program published20 6 2005 Removal of authentication → truly open network20.6.2005 Removal of authentication → truly open network3.2.2006 panOULU subscription published

(Elisa and Netplaza join the consortium)2.5.2006 VTT Technical Research of Finland joins the consortium28.11.2007 City council of City of Oulu allocates budget funding for

the city’s panOULU operation for the first time18.2.2008 Pulmonary Association HELI joins the consortium10.6.2008 Nordic LAN&WAN Communication joins the consortium28.10.2008 Regional panOULU network gets funding 4

Campus networks of five public organisations• Each organization is responsible for all expenses of its network

• In City of Oulu’s case this means tax euros allocated by city council• In City of Oulu s case this means tax euros allocated by city council

5

City of Oulu - Triangular knowledge society strategy

Services & ApplicationsServices & Applications

InfrastructureSkills & Readiness

6

City of Oulu – panOULU motivation

"Open wireless network is a civil right"CIO Ilari Heikkinen, City of Oulu

• Open and free wireless Internet access in public i i t / i i l i f t tservice points/areas as municipal infrastructure

• Nomadic/mobile access regardless of time and place• Tool for e-government services and workforce mobility• Support for local R&D and innovation environmentSupport for local R&D and innovation environment• Increased productivity and competitiveness• Improved well being• Improved well-being• Improved image by staying on the leading edge

7

OukaWLAN – City of Oulu’s zone in panOULU• WiFi network in city’s public service points/areas

• Building started in 2003

• Currently about 450 AP’s (340 indoors 110 outdoors)• Currently about 450 AP s (340 indoors, 110 outdoors)

• Comprehensive indoor coverage in public offices and buildingsp g p g• City hall, city hospital, city theatre, elderly centers, health stations,

libraries, offices, schools, science centre, sports facilities etc.

• Outdoor coverage at selected locations• City centre market area Raksila sports area Nallikari camping area• City centre, market area, Raksila sports area, Nallikari camping area,

Kastelli and Myllyoja community centers etc.

Al bil h t t ( OULU b bil lib )• Also mobile hotspots (panOULU buses, mobile library)

• In selected locations providing panOULU is supplementary toIn selected locations providing panOULU is supplementary to production use of WiFi networks (e.g. city hospital, city warehouse)

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Mobile hotspots • WiFi AP in buses, mobile library, etc.

• Use Digita’s @450 Wireless Broadband network as uplink• Based on Flash-OFDM technology

• IP addressing by connecting WiFi AP’s into panOULU DHCP over VPN tunnel through the @450 network

Wireless

panOULUcoreVPN tunnel

BroadbandFlash-OFDM

modempanOULU APpanOULU

clients 9

COMPETENCE Oulu 400 program

• 2.4 MEUR development program (5/2005 – 12/2007)f C f O 00• Launched in celebration of the City of Oulu's 400th anniversary

• Several subprojectsp j• panOULU• Citizen’s Portal with municipal e-services• Improving citizen’s IT skills• Provisioning of public terminals

• panOULU subproject• Expanded OukaWLAN (city’s zone in panOULU) by 400 AP’s

• Included 60 AP WiFi mesh for outdoor coverage• Sponsored panOULU core services

Implemented in cooperation with University of Oulu• Implemented in cooperation with University of Ouluand Oulu Polytechnic

M i f htt // k fi/t it• More info: http://www.ouka.fi/taito10

OukaWLAN at Oulu City Hospital

• One WiFi infrastructure (28 APs),two logical networkstwo logical networks

• Secure okswlan for hospital’s own production usep p• Staff uses wireless terminals to access patient data

O d f OULU f ti t d th i i it• Open and free panOULU for patients and their visitors• Wireless devices (laptops, internet tablets)

are available for patients and visitorsare available for patients and visitors

11

OukaWLAN MESH• Motivation: cost effective outdoor coverage at• Motivation: cost-effective outdoor coverage at

city centre and other selected areas• Reduces number and cost of fixed backhaul connections• RAPs (Root Access Point) have fixed backhaul (Ethernet)• SLAP (Street Level Access Point) interconnectivity with wireless links (802.11a)• Both RAPs and SLAPs provide client access (802.11b/g)

• 60 Strix Systems OWS-2400 series access points (4 radios)M d l lti di b k d i• Modular multi-radio, background scanning

• Self-discovery, self-tuning, self-healing

OukaWLAN MESH (cont.)L ti f h AP’ d it tLocations of mesh AP’s around city center

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City of Oulu's panOULU investment in 2009

• 250 kEUR budget allocated by the city council • 0.028 % of the City of Oulu's annual budget• 1.82 EUR/citizen8 U /c e

Expenses• Expenses• 1 full-time person in IT administration• OukaWLAN (~450 AP's)

• Backhaul connections for AP's (provided by ISP via public tender)• AP maintenance (outsourced to Relacom via public tender)

• panOULUp• Core services (provided by Oulun Tietotekniikka & University of Oulu)• Internet uplink (provided by ISP)

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panOULU subscription:Incorporating telco incentive in municipal wirelessIncorporating telco incentive in municipal wireless• Operator provided ”turnkey” solution, which comprises of …

• Broadband connection (typically xDSL)• Broadband connection (typically xDSL)• Standard business subscription for subscriber’s own production use

• Possibly also wireless hotspot• Traffic routed via operator’s uplink (VLAN #1)

• Open and free panOULU hotspot for guests and visitorsWiFi AP(s) switch and L2 link for hooking up the AP(s) into panOULU• WiFi AP(s), switch and L2 link for hooking up the AP(s) into panOULU

• Traffic routed via panOULU’s uplink (VLAN #2)• L2 connection → roaming with existing panOULU network

• Leasing package (operator owns all HW)• Installation and maintenance

OULUpanOULU

L2 connection

ISP

”POP”POP

Organisations having chosen panOULU subscription

Oulu CathedralPrivate educational i tit t

Oulu Airportinstitute

Sports complex

Bank Department store16

Restaurants, pubs and cafes provide panOULU via panOULU subscriptionvia panOULU subscription

17

IT and media companies provide panOULUvia panOULU subscriptionvia panOULU subscription

Oulu InnovationN ki M bil ZNokia Mobile Zone

18

Sharing organization’s WiFi infra with panOULU• 'Special' type of panOULU subscription• One WiFi infra provides two logical wireless networks

• Production network• Open and free panOULU hotspot

Technopolis

One of Europe's largest technology center operators

L2 integration of multiple providers' WiFi zones

ServerSwitch #2 Switch #1

Server

City of Oulu server room DNA server room

InternetServer farm #1

Server farm #2

Internet

City of Oulu Oulu University

of Applied Universityf O

LRE switch

O k

Sciencesof Oulu

DNA ElisaOukaWLAN

HELI

KampusWLAN

VTT

NetplazaOukaMESH

OuluNET

RotuaariWLAN

Mobile APs

T

Ojala T, Hakanen T, Salmi O, Kenttälä M & Tiensyrjä J (2008) Supporting session and AP mobility in a largemulti-provider multi-vendor municipal WiFi network. Proc. ACCESSNETS 2008, Las Vegas, NV.

Network services provided in panOULU network• Open and free Internet access

• Private dynamic IPv4 address (NAT + DHCP)Private dynamic IPv4 address (NAT DHCP)• Public IPv4 addresses are also available• Public IPv6 address• Public IPv6 address• No authentication / registration

No payment• No payment• No limitations on bandwidth and applications

E ti t i t 25 (SMTP) i bl k d• Exception: outgoing port 25 (SMTP) is blocked• Offfered on ’as is’ basis

• Outgoing email server (mail.panoulu.net)

• Open and free ”horizontal” local access networkavailable to everybody on equal terms!available to everybody on equal terms!

• Note: free to the user, not to those resourcing the network

Supplementary services in panOULU network

• Web pages (http://www.panoulu.net) • Documentation, usage statistics, FAQ, Wiki, etc.

• End user support• Email: neuvonta@panoulu.net• Telephone: (08) 5584 1626p ( )

• panOULU specific ”value added services” ?• We wish to treat panOULU as pure open access networkp p p• panOULU Luotsi – LBS information service for panOULU

users

(http://luotsi.panoulu.net)

• Aggregates RSS feeds from various service providers into a location-based information serviceproviders into a location-based information service

panOULU as Internet access networkNumber of WiFi devices

using the panOULU network in 1/2004 – 3/2008using the panOULU network in 1/2004 3/2008March 2009• 16761 devices

15000 in 9/2008

• 16761 devices• ~25% multi-mode smart phones

• ~288,000 sessions• ~15 300 000 online minutes

10000 in 9/2007

15,300,000 online minutes

5000 in 11/2006

panOULU as Internet access network (cont.)Large proportion of devices are new and/or owned by people visiting Oulu and using panOULU first timepeople visiting Oulu and using panOULU first time

New clients every month since the beginning of year in 2008New clients every month since the beginning of year in 2008

March 2009: 16761 devicesMarch 2009: 16761 devices• 10% ”heavy users”• 20% ”casual users”• 70% ”one-time users”

panOULU as valuable R&D resource

• panOULU itself is an interesting research subject• For example see Ojala et. al (WirelessCom 2005,

ACCESSNETS 2008), Kenttälä et al. (PAM 2009)) ( )

• Many research projects use panOULU networky p j p• Wireless Internet access, handover/mobility management,

subjective QoS, mobile multimedia services etc.subjective QoS, mobile multimedia services etc.

• Multi-party service pilots in true environment of useu t pa ty se ce p ots t ue e o e t o use• E.g. UMA, Mobile IP, Flash-OFDM, HIP

• R&D is supported with various resources• E.g. centralized traffic recorder and analyzer

panOULU R&D - Mobile IP pilot• Goal: Safe and seamless connections for City of Oulu’s

mobile workers in a multi-access network environment• Consortium: City of Oulu, Fujitsu Services, Secgo Software• Time: 9/2006 → led to purchase of a production systemTime: 9/2006 → led to purchase of a production system

Ongoing work related to panOULU

• New Competence Society programp y p g• 2.4 MEUR development program• Subproject: regional panOULU networkSubproject: regional panOULU network

• WiFi coverage to eight nearby municipalities• Controller-based zones totalling ~300 AP'sController based zones totalling 300 AP s• Two new WiFi mesh zones

• panOULU provides core servicespanOULU provides core services

• 6 month trial on web banner advertising in OukaWLAN• 6-month trial on web banner advertising in OukaWLAN• Injected web banner 'floats' atop browser window• Source of revenue for covering expenses?

• Probably not

panOULU - Challenges & Failures

• Technical challenges• 2.4 GHz band (802.11b/g) is really congested in city center• Large broadcast domain in the L2 designLarge broadcast domain in the L2 design

• Nontechnical challengesg• Managing the expectations of the general public• Managing media• Managing media• Rigorous study of panOULU’s social and economic impact

L l i• Legal issues

• Failures• Failures• Attempted and terminated Mobile WiMAX deployment

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panOULU network – why?WHEN MERGED INTO panOULU, THE SUBNETS

ARE MANY TIMES MORE VALUABLE TO THE ARE MANY TIMES MORE VALUABLE TO THE COMMUNITY THAN AS SEPARATE NETWORKS !!!

panOULU - Successful public-private partnership (PPP)

• Public sector• City of Oulu: public service areas• University & Polytechnic & VTT & Heli: campus networks

• Private sector• Operators: provide panOULU subscriptions• Companies: purchase panOULU subscriptionsp p p p• Services (Internet uplink, backhaul connections for AP's)

• Public sector as the initiatorand catalysty

panOULU – Triple helix

Business

iPublicUniversities

Sectorand

Research

panOULU - Take home message• Open and free wireless internet access in public places should be part of municipal infrastructureplaces should be part of municipal infrastructure

• Provide coverage where it matters• The network needs a committed owner

J i f i bli i t t hi• Join forces via a public-private partnership• Municipalities – present the challenge!• Share your WiFi infrastructure• Incorporate telcos via a concept like panOULU subscriptionIncorporate telcos via a concept like panOULU subscription

• Make your network openy p

• Involve R&D in your network project

UrBan Interactions (UBI) program:Urban interactions via ubiquitous computingUrban interactions via ubiquitous computing

• Large multidisciplinary R&D programCurrent budget 3 6 MEUR main sponsors City of Oulu and Nokia• Current budget 3.6 MEUR, main sponsors City of Oulu and Nokia

• Ambitious goal: functional prototype of future Ubiquitous CityCit t i d ith "E d I t t"→ City as a smart space equipped with "Everyday Internet"

→ Impose a visible and lasting change on the Finnish society

H th i b d l i t h l d i i th• Hypothesis: by deploying new technology and services in the urban space we make it a ”better” place for people

• Research approach• Build new computing infrastructure• Develop novel prototype services atop

the infrastructureE al ate protot pe ser ices in field• Evaluate prototype services in fieldtrials in true environment of use

• Stimulate user-driven open innovation

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Stimulate user driven open innovation• Stimulate SME's participation

with their expertise

Building blocks for Open Ubiquitous City

PILOTPILOT PILOTPILOT OODEMODEMODEMODEMODEMODEMOU

PILOTPILOTDEMODEMO DEMODEMO

PILOTPILOT

DEMODEMO

PILOTPILOT

DEMODEMO

DEMODEMODEMODEMODEMODEMObi

DEMODEMO DEMODEMO DEMODEMO DEMODEMODEMODEMODEMODEMODEMODEMO

qui

UBI Open Urban Service Network APIUBI Open Urban Service Network APIit Open sourceOpen source

softwaresoftware

UBI MiddlewareUBI Middleware Distributed resourceDistributed resourcemanagementmanagement

DistributedDistributedcommunicationcommunication

ous

MobileMobile

s

CpanOULU

BTpanOULU

WSN

Open sourceOpen sourcesoftwaresoftware

panOULU BT

panOULU WSNMobileMobile

platformsplatformsCit

BT WSNBT WSNUBI

DISPLAYSUBI

DISPLAYSty

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panOULU BTBT

• Urban space is populated with Bluetooth access pointsUrban space is populated with Bluetooth access points• User can easily retrieve and receive location-relevant information• Bluetooth technology used for service discovery and free data transferBluetooth technology used for service discovery and free data transfer• Phase I installation in May 2009

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Open BlueInfo service architecturepanOULU BT

T t b id i f WPAN (Bl t th) d WAN (I t t)

BT

• Transparent bridging of WPAN (Bluetooth) and WAN (Internet)• Distributed content does not need to be loaded into access point

beforehand but is fetched in real time from the Internetbeforehand, but is fetched in real time from the Internet• No dedicated client application needs to be installed to user devices

• BlueInfo Pull: information is pulled with simple keyword queries• BlueInfo Push: subscribed content is pushed at desired p

intervals to user device

O hi• Open architecture• New services can be

d l d b i t ti tideployed by instantiatinga new Service class

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Kukka H, Kruger F & Ojala T (2009) BlueInfo: Open architecture for deploying web services in WPAN hotspots. ICWS 2009, Los Angeles, CA, to appear.

panOULU WSNWSN

Open wireless sensor networkOpen wireless sensor network • Multi-hop dual-radio (868 MHz & 2.4 GHz) IEEE 802.15.4 access points

with 6LoWPAN protocol stack• Phase I installation in May 2009 (2.4 GHz) and Sep 2009 (868 MHz)

3838

panOULU WSN

UBIAMI(Advanced Metering Infrastructure)WSN (Advanced Metering Infrastructure)

• Sensors collect data (power, temperature, illumination) and send it to the WSN(p p )• Sensors also serve as access points to other sensors (multi-hop WSN)• User can access data and control sensors via web interface

393939

UBI Displays

1 ?

3 2

?

3

4

2

1

32

6

4

56

65

5

40

UBI Displays (cont.)

Contents• 57" Full HD LCD panelp• Touch screen• Control PC• Large hard diskLarge hard disk• 10/100 Mbps Ethernet• panOULU WLAN AP• panOULU BT AP• panOULU BT AP• panOULU WSN AP• RFID/NFC readers

C• Cameras• Loudspeaker• Microphone

Upcoming UBI Display at the market area

(illustration)42

UBI Displays (cont.)

Broadcast channelchannel

Touch screen portal

Info screen

• Dynamic partitioning of the screen real-estate for multiple web applications• Broadcast channel (with content management system)( g y )

• Part of capacity sold for advertising to generate revenue for covering expenses

• Touch screen portal (open, configurable on per display basis)• Initiation of interaction by touching, face detection or RFID tag• Different interaction modalities (touch screen, mobile)( )• Downloading/uploading of content to/from mobile

43

UBI Hotspot

• Visible artefact of the new urban computing infrastructure and servicesP id i h i t ti b t th h i l i t l d i l

44

• Provides rich interaction between the physical, virtual and social spaces• About dozen UBI hotspots will be deployed for first UBI Pilot in summer 2009

UBI program = Living lab

45(adapted from ENoLL living lab diagram)

Living lab:Ubiquitous Oulu goes live on June 1 2009Ubiquitous Oulu goes live on June 1, 2009

• UBI Pilot 2009 (Jun-Aug 2009)UBI Pilot 2009 (Jun Aug 2009)• Large-scale field trial in true environment of use• General public is challenged to try out new services• General public is challenged to try out new services• TUCo (Test User Community) program (City of Oulu)

• Kickoff seminar on June 2 2009• Kickoff seminar on June 2, 200946

panOULU & UBI - Summary• Contribution

O h i t l i f t t t th h l it• Open horizontal infrastructure to the whole community• As alternative to closed verticals

C• Capabilities demonstrated with prototype services• Motivation

• City of Oulu: vibrant service infrastructure and living environmentenvironment

• University of Oulu: societal task - research with immediate impact on the communityimpact on the community

• Issues to consider• Holistic understanding of "urban informatics"• Scalability• Sustainability (financial, technological)

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Thank you for your attention!

M i f tiMore information:http://www.panoulu.netp phttp://www.urban-interactions.nethtt // k fihttp://www.ouka.fi

Professor Timo OjalaUniversity of Oulu

FinlandFinlandtimo.ojala@ee.oulu.fi

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