1

Unit 13 THE 22th SEA GAMES

ompose

be composedof

/kəmˈpəʊz/

/bi kəmˈpəʊzdəv/

v bao gồmThe audience was composed largely of

old people.

rival /ˈraɪvəl/ n đối thủHe beat his rival by reducing the

price.

enthusiast

enthusiastic

enthusiasm

/ɪnˈθjuːziæst/

/ɪnˌθjuːzi̍ æstɪk/

/ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/

n

adj

n

người say mê

nhiệt tình

lòng nhiệt tình

He's a model-aircraft enthusiast.

You seem very enthusiastic about the

party.

After the accident he lost his

enthusiasm for the sport.

spectator /spekˈteɪtər/ n khán giảThe singer performed in front of 2000

cheerful spectators.

podium /ˈpəʊdiəm/ n bục danh dựShe cried when she stood on the

winner's podium.

precision

precise

/prɪˈsɪʒən/

/prɪˈsaɪs/

n

adj

độ chính xác

chính xác

Great precision is required to align the

mirrors accurately.

Can you give a more precise definition

of the word?

scoreboard /ˈskɔːbɔːd/ n bảng điểmThere is a big scoreboard in the

stadium.

break a record /breɪk ə ˈrekərd/ v phá kỷ lụcHe ran the 100 metres in 9.79 seconds

and broke the world record.

title /ˈtaɪtl / n danh hiệuHendry won the world title after his

record last year.

determination

determine

/dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/

/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/

n

v

sự quyết định,lòng quyết tâm

quyết định,quyết tâm

She has a great determination to

succeed.

She determined that one day she wouldbe an actor.

2

Unit 14 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

appalled

appal

/əˈpɔːld/

/əˈpɔːl/

adj

v

bị choáng

làm kinhhãi

They were appalled at the waste of

recyclable material.

The state of the kitchen appalled her.

appeal

appealable

/əˈpiːl/

/əˈpiːləbl/

v/n

adj

kêu gọi/lờikêu gọi

có thể kêugọi

They're launching an appeal to raise

money for famine victims.

These companies are appealable to join

the program.

dedicate

dedication

/̍ dedɪkeɪt/

/̩ dedɪˈkeɪʃən/

v

n

cống hiến

sự cốnghiến

He has dedicated his life to scientific

research.

She thanked the staff for their dedication

and enthusiasm.

epidemic

epidemical

epidemiology

/̩ epɪˈdemɪk/

/̩ epɪˈdemɪkəl/

/epɪˌdiːmiˈɒlədʒi/

n

adj

n

dịch bệnh

dịch

dịch tễhọc

AIDS epidemic is very dangerous.

There are many epidemical viruses.

Her major is epidemiology.

initiative

initiate

initiation

/ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/

/ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən/

adj,n

v

n

bắt đầu,sáng kiến

khởi đầu

sự khởixướng

Although she was quite young, sheshowed a lot of initiative and was

promoted to manager after a year.

Who initiated the violence?

And that was her initiation into the world of

marketing.

devote

devotion

devoted

/dɪˈvəʊt/

/dɪˈvəʊʃn/

/dɪˈvəʊtɪd/

v

n

adj

dâng,dành hếtcho

sự tận tân

tận tâm

She devoted herself to her career.

Her devotion to the job left her with very

little free time.

They are devoted to their children.

hesitate

hesitation

/̍ hezɪteɪt/

/̩ hezɪˈteɪʃən/

v

n

do dự

sự do dự

She hesitated slightly before answering the

inspector's question.

After a slight hesitation, she began to

speak.

catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfi/ n tai ươngThe emigration of scientists is a

3

catastrophic /̩ kætəˈstrɒfɪk/ adj thê thảm catastrophe for the country.

An unchecked increase in the use of fossilfuels could have catastrophic results for

the planet.

aim

aim to dosomething

be aimed atdoing

/eɪm/

/eɪm tə duˈsʌmθɪŋ/

/bi eɪmd ætˈduːɪŋ/

n

v

v

mục đích

nhắm

có mụcđích

My main aim in life is to be a good wife

and mother.

I aim to be a millionaire by the time I'm

30.

The publicity campaign was aimed at

improving the eating habits of children.

inspire

inspiration

/ɪnˈspaɪər/

/̩ ɪnspɪˈreɪʃən/v

n

truyềncảm hứng

cảm hứng

The piece of music is inspired by dolphin

sounds.

She has been an inspiration to us all

ReadingThe United Nations

In one very long sentence, the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the peoples whose

governments joined together to form the U.N.

The name "United Nations" is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member

states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year's Day in 1942, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944. These

proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference on International Organization in San Fransisco which began in April 1945, were

finally agreed on and signed as the U.N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed

the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified

by China, France, the U.S.S.R and the U.K. and the U.S. and by a majority of the other participants that the U.N. officially came into

existence. The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations Day.

The essential functions of the U.N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to

cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights

and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations in attaining these common ends.

No country takes precedence over another in the U.N. Each member's rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to the

peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat and use of force against other

states. Though the U.N. has no right to intervene in any state's internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act according to

its principles of international peace and security. UN members must offer every assistance in an approved U.N. action and in no way

assist states which the U.N. is taking preventive or enforcement action.

4

Unit15 WOMEN IN SOCIETY

typical /̍ tɪpɪkəl/ adj điển hình Typical symptoms would includeheadaches, vomiting and dizziness.

civilization

civilize

/̩ sɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

/̍ sɪvɪlaɪz/

n

v

nền văn minh

làm cho vănminh

How does it feel to be back in civilizationafter all those weeks in a tent?

The Romans set out to civilize theAncient Britons.

belief

believe

believable

/bɪˈliːf/

/bɪˈliːv/

/bɪˈliːvəbl ̩/

n

v

adj

niềm tin

tin

có thể tinđược, thật

It is my belief that nuclear weapons areimmoral.

I believe her to be the finest violinist inthe world.

I didn't find any of the characters in thefilm believable.

childbearing

childrearing

/̍ tʃaɪldˌbeərɪŋ/

/̍ tʃaɪld,rɪərɪŋ/

n

n

việc sinh con

việc nuôi dạycon

The survey is only concerned withwomen of childbearing age.

Why shouldn't a woman have a job afteryears of child-rearing?

advocate /̍ ædvəkeɪt/ v chủ trương,tán thành He advocates human rights.

discrimination

discriminate

/dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/

/dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/

n

v

sự phân biệt

phân biệt

He showed great discrimination in hischoice of friends.

She felt she had been discriminatedagainst because of her age.

intellectual

intellect

intellectualize

/̩ ɪntəlˈektʃuəl/

/̍ ɪntəlekt/

/̩ ɪntəlˈektʃuəlaɪz/

adj

n

v

thuộc tri thức

trí tuệ

tri thức hóa

I like detective stories and romances -nothing too intellectual.

Her energy and intellect are respectedall over the world.

She couldn't stand all that pointlessintellectualizing about subjects that justdidn't matter.

involve

involvement

/ɪnˈvɒlv/

/ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/

v

n

liên quan

sự tham gia

The second accident involved two carsand a lorry.

The team's continued involvement in thecompetition is uncertain.

lose contact /luːz ˈkɒntækt v mất liên lạcI lost contact with all of my high school

5

with

lose one'stemper

lose touch with

wɪð/

/luːz wʌnsˈtempər/

/luːz tʌtʃ wɪð/

v

v

mất bình tĩnh

mất liên lạc

friends.

He lost his temper when talking abouthis wife.

I lost touch with Katie after she moved toCanada.

sympathetic

sympathy

sympathize

/̩ sɪmpəˈθetɪk/

/̍ sɪmpəθi/

/̍ sɪmpəθaɪz/

adj

n

v

thông cảm

mối thiệncảm, thôngcảm

có thiện cảm

He suffers from back trouble too, so hewas very sympathetic about myproblem.

The president has sent a message ofsympathy to the relatives of the deadsoldiers.

I know what it's like to have migraines,so I do sympathize with you.

struggle /̍ strʌgl / v/n đấu tranh/sựđấu tranh

By this time he'd managed to struggleout of bed.

ReadingCanadian Women

A. In 2000, 60% of Canadian women aged 15 and over were in the Canadian labour force, up to 42% in 1976. Between 1976and 2000, the number of women in labour force grew from 3.6 million to 7.4 million, an increase of 106%. Over the same periodthe number of women in labour force grew by only 40%, from 6.2 million to 8.7 million.

B. The largest participation rate increase has been among women with pre-school children. Between 1976 and 1999, theparticipation rate of women with a youngest child aged 3 to 5 grew from 37% to 66%. The increase was even more dramaticamong women with a toddler or infant: the rate for women with a youngest child under 3 more than doubled, from 28% in 1976to 61% in 1999.

C. Work continuity is important to career development, future employability and current and future earnings, but the majority ofwomen experience significant breaks in employment. Nearly two-thirds of women (62%) who have ever held paid jobs haveexperienced a work interruption of six months or more. In contrast, only one quarter of their male counterparts (27%) have hada work interruption lasting six months or more. Marriage, maternity leave and care of children account for 62% of women's workinterruption.

D. In spite of remarkable growth in their participation rate, women with children are still less likely to be in the labour force thanthose without. In 1999, 76% of women under age 55 without children under 16 at home were in the labour force. This comparesto a participation rate of 69% among women with children under 16.

E. The vast majority of employed women with children work full-time (30 hours or more per week). In 1999, 71% of employedwomen with at least one child under age 16 at home worked full-time, as did 68% of employed women with one or morechildren under 3 years of age.

F. A nationally representative employees survey conducted by the Conference Board of Canada in 1999 indicated that theproportion of employees who both care for elderly family members and have children at home is now 15%, as compared to9.5% a decade ago.

6

Unit 16 THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS

accelerate

acceleration

accelerator

/əkˈseləreɪt/

/əkˌseləˈreɪʃən/

/əkˈseləreɪtər/

v

n

n

thúc đẩy,tăng tốc

sự làmnhanhthêm

người tăngtốc

I accelerated to overtake the bus.

An older car will have pooracceleration.

At last, they became accelerators inthe competition.

integration

integrate

integrated

/̩ ɪntɪˈgreɪʃən/

/̍ ɪntɪgreɪt/

/̍ ɪntɪgreɪtɪd/

n

v

adj

sự hộinhập

hợp nhất,hội nhập

hội nhập

Cultural integration has become a newtrend.

Children are often very good atintegrating into a new culture.

The town's modern architecture is verywell integrated with the old.

predominance

predominant

/prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

/prɪˈdɒmɪnənt/

n

adj

ưu thế

ưu thế

There is a predominance of peoplewith a university degree on the boardof governors.

Research forms the predominant partof my job.

forge /fɔːdʒ/ v tạo dựng She forged a new career for herself asa singer.

gross domesticproduct (GDP)

/grəʊs dəˈmestɪkprɒdʌkt/ n

tổng sảnphẩm quốcnội

If the gross domestic productcontinues to shrink, the country will bein a recession.

namely /̍ neɪmli/ adv cụ thể làI learned an important lesson when Ilost my job, namely that nothing is ahundred percent guaranteed.

series /ˈsɪəriːz/ n loạt chuỗiShe gave a series of lectures atWarwick University last year oncontemporary British writers.

stability

stable

/stəˈbɪlɪti/

/ˈsteɪbl ̩/

n

adj

sự ổn định

ổn định

The country is now enjoying a periodof stability and prosperity.

She seems more stable these days.

Islam

Islamic

muslim

/ˈɪz.lɑːm/

/ɪzˈlæmɪk/

/̍ mʊzlɪm/

n

adj

n

Hồi giáo

thuộc Hồigiáo

người theođạo Hồi

My religion is Islam.

According to Islamic law, a man canget married to four women.

Most of the population in Indonesia aremuslims.

7

Buddhism

Buddhist

/̍ bʊdɪzəm/

/̍ bʊdɪst/

n

adj

Phật giáo

thuộc Phậtgiáo

Buddhism came to Vietnam at thesecond century AD.

There is a Buddhist temple at thecentre of the city.

Catholicism

Christianity

/kəˈθɒlɪsɪzəm/

/̩ krɪstiˈænɪti/

n

n

Công giáo

Kitô giáo

Christianity is a religion based onbelief in God and Jesus.

The Pope is the leader of Catholicism.

imperialism

imperial

empire

emperor

/ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪzəm/

/ɪmˈpɪəriəl/

/̍ empaɪər/

/̍ empərə/

n

adj

n

n

chủ nghĩađế quốc

thuộc đếquốc

đế quốc

hoàng đế

That was the age of imperialism.

The imperial army is very strong.

The Roman empire ruled manycountries in the past.

The Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte isFrench.

currency /̍ kʌrənsi/ nđơn vị tiềntệ ở mộtnước

You'll need some cash in localcurrency but you can also use yourcredit card.

ReadingThe ASEAN

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok by the five original Member

Countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984,

Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Lao PRD and Myanmar on 23 July 1997 and Cambodia on 30 April 1999.

As of 2006, the ASEAN region has a population of about 560 million (one of every ten persons in the world today is a Southeast Asian),

a total area of 4.5 million square kilometers, a combined gross domestic product of almost US$ 1,100 billion, and a total trade of about

US$ 1,400 billion.

The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are to accelerate economic growth, social progress and

cultural development in the region and to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in

the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nation Charter.

The ASEAN Vision 2020, adopted by the ASEAN Leaders on the 30th Anniversary of ASEAN, agreed on a shared vision of ASEAN as

a concert of Southeast Asian nations, outward looking, living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together in partnership in

dynamic development and in a community of caring societies.

In 2003, the ASEAN Leaders resolved that an ASEAN Community shall be established comprising three pillars, namely, ASEAN

Security Community, ASEAN Economic Community and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.