thukral(1)

8/3/2019 thukral(1)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/thukral1 1/32

Presented by Presented by

Enakshi Ganguly Thukral,Enakshi Ganguly Thukral,

CoCo--Director, HAQ: Centre for Child RightsDirector, HAQ: Centre for Child Rights

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


HAQ: Centre for Child Rights works through:

Children and Governance

Budget Tracking of Government Expenditure & ExecutiveDecisions (Budget for Children)

Performance Monitoring ² Status of India·s Children Reports

Monitoring & Analyzing Parliament Questions (Says a Child«)

Child Protection

Legal Support to Children

Counselling Support to Children

Monitoring Judicial ProcessTraining and Capacity Building for police,

judicial officers & NGOs

Monitoring State Accountability

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


What is Budget for ChildrenWhat is Budget for Children

((BfCBfC)?)?

Budget for children is not a separate

budget.

It is an attempt to disaggregate from allgovernment allocations, those made

specifically for children.

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


WHO IS A CHILD?WHO IS A CHILD?

ALL PERSONS UPTO THE AGE OFALL PERSONS UPTO THE AGE OFEIGHTEEN YEARSEIGHTEEN YEARS

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


BfCBfC At Two Levels:At Two Levels:

Union and StateUnion and State Analysis at both levels is necessary to

comprehensively gauge the Governments·commitment to Child Rights

Policy making, planning and allocation of funds ² atboth levels

Flow of Funds ² From Union to State

Tracking the budget flow³where does it go andhow?

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Questions Before UsQuestions Before Us

What were the resources being invested by thegovernment for children?

What proportion of the allocation was actually spent?

How did it match the outcomes in terms of indicatorsfor children? More importantly, are the resourcesbeing allocated and spent ´adequateµ?

What is the Performance of programmes at theimplementation level vis-a-vis allocation?

For HAQ, budget analysis fitted perfectly into the work of watching over and monitoring state performance

in all matters pertaining to the realisation of ChildRights.

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Challenges before us at that timeChallenges before us at that time

Developing a methodology

Gaining acceptance for the concept

Using the findings

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Budget for ChildrenBudget for Children

A Study by HAQ: Centre For Child RightsA Study by HAQ: Centre For Child Rights

First phase: HAQ·s work on

the Budget for Children (BfC)established the need forsuch analysis and set theinitial direction for

developing a methodologyto do this more effectively

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Since 2002«Since 2002«

Began BfC in theStates- 6 states now

Union Budgetthrough out«.

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


For Our Analysis, We Refer To«.For Our Analysis, We Refer To«.

Government·s budget documents (FinanceBill as well as Detailed Demands for Grants) Other government documents

² Reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General ² Appropriation Accounts (Report of the Accountant

General) AND Performance Budget of Departmentsand Ministries

² Annual Reports ² Economic Survey ² Parliamentary Standing Committee Reports

Reports and studies that reflect on theimplementation of programmes and thesituation of children

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Share of Children in the Budget:Share of Children in the Budget:

A Quick Peek A Quick Peek Fig.1 Share for Children in the Union Budget

(Average Allocation for 2004-05 to 2008-09)

4.45

95.55

BfC in the Union Budget Union Budget other than BfC

Fig.2 Sectoral Allocation (BE) as Percentage

within Budget for Children Average for 2004-05 to2008-09

16.54

49.05

17.14

1.08

Development Education Health Protection

Of every Rs 100 allocated to the Union Budget, an average of Rs 4.45has been allocated to children during 2004-05 to 2008-09. Of every Rs

100 within the budget for children, Rs 49.05 has been provided foreducation, Rs 17.14 for health, Rs 16.54 for development and 1.08

paise for protection.

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


What is Allocated and What is FinallyWhat is Allocated and What is FinallySpent on Children?Spent on Children?

The difference in thebudget estimates (BE)

and revised estimates RE)

shows how the budget

changes throughout the

financial year

The actual expenditure(AE) is the sum that is

finally spent³a reflection

of the implementation of

the programmes

On an average, 2.74 per

cent of allocationsremained unutilised«

Governments almost

always report only on

allocations

BE, RE & AE in BFC

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

R s C

r o r e

BE RE AE

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Share of Children in Different SectorsShare of Children in Different Sectors

in Union Budgetsin Union Budgets

Of all sectors,Of all sectors,governments seemgovernments seemto be thinking onlyto be thinking only

of education.of education.Health andHealth and

Protection alwaysProtection alwayshad the lowesthad the lowestshare of budgetshare of budgetand maximumand maximum

underunder--spendingspending

Sector-wise allocation for Children as percentage of Union Budget

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.02.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

P e r c e n

t

Health Development Education Protection

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


No ¶stimulus· for children in 2009-10Despite a huge stimulusDespite a huge stimulusbudget in 2009budget in 2009--10,10,childrenchildren³ ³44 per cent44 per centof the populationof the population----gotgot

only 4.21 per cent,only 4.21 per cent,the least in four years.the least in four years.

There was a decline inThere was a decline inall sectorall sector--wise shares,wise shares,

barring health.barring health.Worse, the fiscal deficitWorse, the fiscal deficit

doubled, leaving adoubled, leaving a`generational burden·`generational burden·

Sector-wise BfC shares asPercentage of Union Budget

2008-09 2009-10

Development 0.87 0.69

Health 0.24 0.46

Protection, 0.06 0.02

Education 3.84 3.03

Total share forchildren

5.31 4.21

Source: Expenditure Budgets, Vol II, 2008-09 & 2009-10

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


On October 26, 2005 in ameeting of StateSecretaries organised by

the Ministry of Womenand Child Development,the governmentpromised that it wouldhenceforth undertake

Child Budgeting Inclusion in various other

important policydocuments

Some Success:Some Success:

Government of India has adopted Child Budget as itsGovernment of India has adopted Child Budget as itsmandatemandate

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Advocating for BfCAdvocating for BfC -- At the National LevelAt the National Level Presentation and discussions with the

government since 2001. (First

recognition was MWCD·s chapter in its

Annual Report in 2003 (since then

almost every year)

To file a Petition with the National

Commission forWomen to argue forinclusion of 0-6 in Right to Education

Amendment

Developing a Children·s Manifesto

File legal petitions

Questions in Parliament and LegislativeAssemblies

Strengthening arguments of various

campaigns

Arguing for better allocations for

Protection Sector

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


But final recognition only whenBut final recognition only whenFinance Minister accepts BfCFinance Minister accepts BfC

´We will score another 'first' this year. A statement on childrelated schemes is included in the budget documents«

-P. Chidambaram, Budget 2008-2009

´Recognizing that children under 18 constitute a significantpercentage of the Indian population, the Government is

committed to their welfare and development. This statementreflects budget provisions of schemes that are meant

substantially for the welfare of children. These provisionsindicate educational outlays, provisions for the girl child,

health, provisions for Child protection, etc.µExpenditure Budget, Vol II, Budget 2008-2009

-

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


State LevelState Level

Advocacy with localself governments, panchayats ( linkingBfC with

communities ) Setting up alliances

Starting a campaign

Linking up with

national campaignson child labour

Tracking the flow

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Advocacy at International LevelAdvocacy at International Level

For alternate report to the UNCRCFor alternate report to the UNCRCCommittee andCommittee andrecommendations in therecommendations in theconcluding observationsconcluding observations

Submission at theSubmission at theGeneral Day ofGeneral Day ofDiscussion on Right toDiscussion on Right toAdequate ResourcesAdequate Resources

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


HAQWorks On«HAQWorks On«

Financial accountability, which is about allocation,disbursement and utilisation of funds (through Budgetfor Children (BfC) analysis)

Performance accountability, which is aboutdemonstrating and accounting for performancethrough implementation of initiatives in the light ofagreed indicators (through Status of Children reportsand other research)

Political or democratic accountability involves policymaking, political process and elections (through its

ParliamentWatch and other policy advocacy work) Judicial Accountability involves responsiveness and

performance of the judicial process (Through directlegal intervention as well as action research,particularly Juvenile Justice)

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


It is each of themseparately and also

together (complimenting each

other) forms the basisof advocacy«

BfC is only one dish inthe menu and not the

whole meal

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Case Example:Case Example:Enhanced Budget for Protection andEnhanced Budget for Protection and

New Comprehensive ProgrammeNew Comprehensive Programme HAQ·s BfC analysis, since its very first time, has been pointing out that

child protection was inadequately resourced and received the leastallocation. Every BfC document that HAQ put out pointed to this

The 2nd status report highlighted the need for a protective environmentand programming and investing on it

The Juvenile Justice work pointed to the urgent need for intervention inprotecting children

Concluding observations have made comments on both need for moreresources and greater protection

HAQ·s status report and BfC work was picked up by the ministry to argue fora new and comprehensive programme, The Integrated Child Protection

Scheme approved by the Planning Commission in 2009

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


´P rovision of Child P rotection will be a keyintervention in the Eleventh Plan. ¶Child P rotection·

refers to protection from violence, exploitation,abuse, and neglect ...T hus the Eleventh Plan

intervention for Child P rotection takes both a preventive and a protective approach. During the

Eleventh Plan, the Ministry of WCD will launch an

Integrated Child P rotection Scheme.µ

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Challenges That RemainChallenges That Remain Accessing and Unpacking the Data

Selection of programmes and schemes for childrenremains a huge challenge, especially when there areseveral of them that address both women and children

Direct transfer of funds from centre to autonomousbodies³no reflection in state budget documents

Abdication of state responsibility³Privatisation ofservices

Good things happen when there are goodpeople...and then they sometimes stop..

Going beyond UNCRC to other treaty bodies

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


States have adopted the rhetoric...this makesour task more difficult

The methodology is still evolving. Hence,even if they draw upon each other,researchers tend to customise the

methodology to their needs leading todifferent results

The most difficult challenge remains theacknowledgment and acceptance of

citizenship of children and the relevance offocussing on children in the largergovernance and human rights discourse

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


India·s Response to CrisisIndia·s Response to Crisis India has 28 states and 604 districts

There is always an emergency or one in the making somewhere in the country«.

² 21 out of 28 states of India face internal armed conflicts in the form of ethnicconflict, Naxalism, separatist movements etc.

² Practically the entire north-eastern region, comprising eight states and part ofone state, have suffered from poor development and ethnic as well as borderconflicts since before independence and fall into a ´special categoryµ.

² Twelve of the 17 states studied for the India State Hunger Report fall in the

´alarming hungerµ category, and one--Madhya Pradesh ² in the ´extremelyalarmingµ category.

² The drought in 2009 was the worst since the 1918 drought and the post-independence one of 1972. Some 259 districts were severely affected. Extremecold too killed several in the winter of 2009.

² The same year, floods killed 250 people and destroyed over 200,000 homes,

leaving 1.5 million homeless.Then there are those that make international news«

² Tsunami in 2004; Gujarat Earthquake in 2001; Supercylone in Orissa; Kargil warin 1999; Kashmir earthquake in 2004. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake killed morethan 400 children in India, while the Kashmir one killed over 17,000 children inIndia and Pakistan.

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Initiatives by the governmentInitiatives by the government The expenditure on restoration of infrastructure and other capital

assets (except immediate relief operations and restoringconnectivity with the affected areas and people) are required tobe met from the Plan funds of the States.

To ensure ready availability of funds, a Calamity Relief Fund(CRF) of a pre-determined amount exists in each State.

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 provided for a NationalDisaster Response Fund (NDRF) and National Disaster MitigationFund (NDMF) by the Central Government and for setting up theNational Disaster Institute for Management (NIDM)

To respond to states affected by left-wing extremism, there is aSpecial Scheme for Special Infrastructure now applicable to 8States And 13 Districts

NONE OF THESE ARE SPECIFIC TO CHILDREN

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Response to global crisis«Response to global crisis«The highlights of the fiscal stimulusThe highlights of the fiscal stimulus

packagepackage

Huge Expenditure² highest post-independence budget of overRs 10208 billion

4 per cent across-the-board VAT rate cut

Several incentives to increase exports, stimulate property and

construction, protect and help small business and buildinfrastructure

Huge jump in budget for rural infrastructure and social securityschemes such as Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PrimeMinister·s Village Road Construction Scheme), Jawaharlal Nehru

National Urban Renewal Mission, National Rural EmploymentGuarantee Scheme, Indira Awas Yojana (Indira Gandhi HousingScheme), Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme, andNational Social Assistance Programme.

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


What it meant for children«What it meant for children«

None of the stimulus packages made any financial provision todevelop areas that would impact children, throughprogrammes such as Education for All (Sarva ShikshaAbhiyan), Integrated Child Development Services catering tochildren of 0-6 years, the National Child Labour Project andthe Integrated Child Protection Scheme, among others.

SO«.

These schemes still have huge deficit in terms of infrastructuralfacilities such as class rooms, child care centres, Health sub-centres, teachers and general staff, homes and courts forchildren, addressing which could have helped children

affected by contracting family income.

Thus, the government chose not to use this window ofopportunity of providing additional funds in the interim budget

to create public infrastructure benefiting children.

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


Clearly«.Clearly«.

No separate and targeted responsefor children during crisis bygovernment

This is a lost opportunity

8/3/2019 thukral(1)


THANK

YOU

THANK

YOU

thukral(1)

Documents

Transcript of thukral(1)