Theory - Participatory Development

• What is it?• Involvement by a local population to create

and implement programs to improve their lives

• Built on a belief that citizens can be trusted to shape their own future

• Participatory development uses local decision making and capacities to steer and define the nature of an intervention

Theory – Participatory Development

• Participatory Development – From USAID study involving a variety of interventions– Greater upfront investment– Throughout program overall costs average lower– More relevant and effective at addressing local

needs– Gains are more often sustained– Involvement of women and youth will improve

their status

Vision Statement

What is our program?

Executive

LeadershipMonitoring

and Evaluation

FinanceEducationSport

What is our program?SPORT• Soccer teams (separate teams for boys and girls)• Objectives – challenge gender roles, build social networks,

and empower participants• Overseen by the Sport Committee

– MYSA and MTGP – K as model organizations. Both started with soccer and then added.

– neo-colonialism by displacing traditional games?• Scholars counter that soccer is reinterpreted by different cultures.

Demonstrated by how the sport is played and watched in various countries

– Playing traditional male games such as soccer can provide a more direct challenge to male power and wider socio-cultural relations…compared to ‘female’ games like netball - Saavedra

What is our program?SPORT• ‘Fun’ days – Segregated and Co-ed games• Objectives – challenge gender roles, build social

networks, empower participants, and teach human rights.– F4P and Sugden advocated segregated programs

because of culture. However, F4P program not directly dealing with gender equality

– Feel that integrated games will offer opportunities to teach and discuss human rights• HIV/AIDS programs more successful when ideas are taught

through games as opposed to class room sessions – Kruse• Similar to F4P – Co-ed games can offer teachable moments

What is our program?

EDUCATION• Objectives – Develop knowledge and awareness of

GBV and HR, challenge gender roles, empowerment participants, and build social networks

• Linked to Freir’s idea of developing a critical conscious• Overseen by the Educational Committee– Workshops (segregated and integrated)– Games (segregated and integrated)– Connect to other organizations working in the area of GBV

and HR

What is our program?LEADERSHIP• Peer Educators• Objectives – Awareness of GBV and HR, gender roles, empowerment,

safe spaces• Examples from MYSA, MTGP-K, OYAP, NSGA, FAWE

Munro – after food , water, shelter, health and education, nothing is more important for future development than providing good role models for our youth

- Perceived similarity to learner- Self efficacy expectancy – belief that one is able to perform a

behaviour- Outcome expectancy – belief that behaviour can result in

desired outcome- Benefits of being a peer educator and people as an outcome

How will we train staff and volunteers?

• Coaches (adults and peer educators)– SLFA and FIFA GOAL program – similar to MYSA and KFA

• Referees (adults and peer educators)– SLFA and FIFA GOAL program

• Peer educators – NSGA and FAWE– Kerrigan and Kruse – Many peer education program lack

ongoing support. Peer educators benefit from continued support, the opportunity to reflect on learning, and the opportunity to build networks

• Substantial initial investment followed by transfer of responsibilities

Monitoring and Evaluation

DIFFICULTIES WITH M&E• Accountability vs Development - Coalter– Who is benefiting from program evaluation?– What is the purpose of M&E

• Summative vs Formative - OFFS– Simple outcome measurement is insufficient.

Can’t answer which sports and sports processes produce which outcomes for which sections of the populations in which circumstances - Patriksson

Monitoring and Evaluation

• Theory Based Evaluation– Attempts to assess the process. Not just beginning

and end– How is the program supposed to work?

Monitoring and Evaluation(Coalter and sportanddev.org toolkit)

• Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation– Overseen by the M&E committee– MYSA, MTGP-K, OYAPWhen organizations involve their members in M&E this leads

to (Coalter):– Capacity building and sustainability (SCORE)– Greater ownership, understanding, and integration (MYSA)– An ability to reflect on and analyze attitudes, beliefs and

behaviour (DFiD)– Direct assault on hegemonic knowledge (Elabor-Idemudia)

Theory based participatory monitoring and evaluation

STEP 1:Stake holders identify

problem and collaboratively discuss the causes and solutions to this problem

• Example:Problem Tree

Theory based participatory monitoring and evaluation

STEP 2: From the problem tree the project

objectives/goals are chosenOur objectives:– Challenge gender roles– Empowerment– Build social networks– HR awareness– GBV awareness

Theory based participatory monitoring and evaluation

STEP 3:• Develop activities that can address these

objectivesOur Activities:– Soccer and other games– Education– Leadership

Theory based participatory monitoring and evaluation

STEP 4:• Stakeholders develop indicators for how the program will

measure achievement of objectivesExample:• Objective – Challenge Gender Roles• Activity – Women’s soccer program• Indicators – Perception of gender roles among participants,

Distribution and access to resources, Equal representation of women and men in leadership positions within the soccer program (coaches, referees, committees)

Theory based participatory monitoring and evaluation

STEP 5:• Decide on how to measure the indicatorsExamples:• Surveys• Focus groups• InterviewsSTEP 6: • Decide how to publish the results so stakeholder have an

opportunity to review and provide feedbackExamples: Posters, flyers, newsletters, community meetings

(through the soccer games)

Environmental Impact

• Where is our equipment coming from?• What is the environmental impact of shipping

goods to Sierra Leone?