The retrospective handbook

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Transcript of The retrospective handbook

Page 1: The retrospective handbook

회고에 대한 탐구“The Retrospective Handbook” 요약하기

Page 2: The retrospective handbook

1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALSKey question

방향성 ( 중요 지향점 ), 퍼실리테이션 방법 , 퍼실리테이터 독립적 , 분산 회고 , 다양한 방법의 회고 , 신선함 유지 , 회고 결과 만들기

• What is the Retrospective Prime Directive and why should I care?• How can I improve how I facilitate retrospectives?• How important is an independent facilitator?• How do I run a distributed retrospective effectively?• What different types of retrospectives do people run?• What can I do to keep retrospectives fresh?• How do we make sure that we get results from the retrospective?

Page 3: The retrospective handbook

1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALS회고의 다른 이름

죽음과 동시에 생명활동이 정지되므로 시체에는 자연의 법칙에 따른 여러 가지 변화가 나타나는데 이를 시체현상 (postmortem changes) 또는 시체변화라고 한다 .

Lessons learned or Lessons learnt are experiences distilled from a project that should be actively taken into account in future projects.

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1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALS방법론별 회고

Methodology Practice or Principle

Extreme Programming Fix XP When It Breaks

Scrum Sprint Retrospective practice

Crystal Clear Reflective Improvement

Adaptive SW Development Learn

Lean SW Development Amplify Learning

Kanban Improve Collaboratively

DSDM Atern Timebox Close-Out

RUP Adapt the Process

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1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALSThe key Questions

What did we do well?

What did we do less well?

What still puzzles us?

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A Simple framework

1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALS

1. Set the Stage2. Gather Data 3. Generate Insights 4. Decide What to Do 5. Close the Retrospective

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The ladder of inference

1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALS

• Take Action - Do something!• Form Beliefs - Reinforce or form new.• Come to conclusions - It “must” be

“this” way.• Make Assumptions - Think we know

what others’ motivation is.• Affixed Meaning - Is this a threat or

benefit to me?• Select Data & Experience - What’s

left after we filter?• Real Data & Experience - What really

happened?

Page 8: The retrospective handbook

The ladder of inference

1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALS

Page 9: The retrospective handbook

a model depicting retrospective impact

TeamDynamics

Environment

1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALS

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Complementary improvement practices

1. RETROSPECTIVE FUNDAMENTALS

Page 11: The retrospective handbook

2. PREPARING FOR RETROSPECTIVESPreparing for Retrospectives

1. 시간 확보하기2. 적절한 공간 확보하기3. 사용할 도구 준비하기

• 필기도구• 모두가 사용할 수 있도록• 진행을 도와줄 수 있는 도구

• Flip chart paper and tack• Flip chart paper and magnets• Multiple flip charts and/or movable whiteboards• 3M sticky flip charts• Static cling sheets

• Sticky Notes, Index Cards. Paper• 다양한 색상 도구 ( 필기도구 , 스티커 … )• 사진을 찍을 수 있는 도구 ( 카메라 , 스마트폰 )

4. 공간 준비하기• 책상 및 의자 등의 배치가 자유로운 곳

5. Right people, Right place, Right time

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Preparing Checklist

2. PREPARING FOR RETROSPECTIVES

• Do you know why you’re here for the retrospective?• Do you know how many people will turn up?• Do you have an initial plan for how it will run?• Is there enough time to do all the exercises?• Do you have enough materials for everyone?• Does the space accommodate your exercises and the number of

participants?• Have invitations been sent to all participants?• Do you have confirmation that a quorum is present?• Have you reserved the space (including preparation and wrap-up

time)?• Have you been briefed on what might come up?• Are you expected to do anything after the retrospective and have

you got time for that (eg. write a report, distribute action items, etc).

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Preparing Checklist

• 회고의 목적에 대하여 알고 있는가 ?• 얼마나 많은 사람을 대상으로 하고 있는가 ?• 실행하는 방법에 대한 초기 계획이 있는가 ?• 준비된 모든 것을 수행할 충분한 시간이 있는가 ?• 모든 사람을 위한 충분한 자료가 있는가 ?• 공간은 모든 참가자를 수용 할 수 있는가 ?• 초대장은 모든 참가자들에게 보냈는가 ?• 정족수가 있는지 확인하였나 ?• 준비 및 후 처리 시간 포함하여 공간을 예약 했는가 ?• 참석자들의 준비물에 대하여 설명하였는가 ?• 회고 후에 진행할 수 있는 작업에 대하여 충분한 시간이 있는가 ? ( 예 : 보고서 작성 , Action Item 분류 )

2. PREPARING FOR RETROSPECTIVES

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3. FACILITATING RETROSPECTIVES

INDEPENDENT OR NON-INDEPENDENT

Stakeholder

Facilitator

Team

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Conflict of interest

Facilitator충돌 의견 List

3. FACILITATING RETROSPECTIVES

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Develop Your facilitation skills

Facilitator

http://www.retrospectivefacilitatorgathering.org/

3. FACILITATING RETROSPECTIVES

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Form effective actions

3. FACILITATING RETROSPECTIVES

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Form effective actions

Long-term goal : [Goal]Now-action : [Action]

3. FACILITATING RETROSPECTIVES

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Form effective actions

http://www.debono.com/de-bono-toolkit/six-action-shoes/what-are-the-six-action-shoes/

남색 정장구두 : 사고의 과정 , 규칙회색 운동화 : 정보 조사갈색 골프화 : 실리주의자주색 승마화 : 공무핑크색 슬리퍼 : 봉사오렌지색 장화 : 응급대처

3. FACILITATING RETROSPECTIVES

Page 20: The retrospective handbook

4. FIRST-TIME FACILITATION TIPS

Tips

• Encourage physical presence• Seek equal participation : Margolis Wheel• Avoid doing all the work yourself• Confirm your understanding• Rephrase blaming statements• keep the focus on the current phase• use a visual agenda• use a wide variety of questions

• Open Ended• Probing• Redirectiong• Feedback and Clarification• Close Ended

• Observe body language• Observe yourself

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5. DISTRIBUTED RETROSPECTIVES

distributed challenges

Small group of remote participants

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distributed challenges

Groups of Equal Size in Different Locations

5. DISTRIBUTED RETROSPECTIVES

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distributed challenges

Wholly distributed participants

5. DISTRIBUTED RETROSPECTIVES

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Principles

• Make the most of it• Focus first on building relationships• Use video cameras at all ends• People tokens in remote locations• Prevent remote people ‘Going Dark’• Faces for everyone• Use remote facilitators• Collect input before the meeting• Use online tools to share• Agree on a signaling system• Invest in a ‘Technographer’• Run remote working groups• Remote proxies as representatives

5. DISTRIBUTED RETROSPECTIVES

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Simple tips for remote communication

• 최고 품질의 헤드폰과 헤드셋• Wi-Fi 보다 대역폭이 높은 유선 인터넷 연결을 선호• 라인이 더 안정적인 유선 전화 회선 선호• 소음이 없는 조용한 방• 모든 컴퓨터 또는 노트북은 전원에 연결• 원격 참가자들은 조용한 객실을 예약

5. DISTRIBUTED RETROSPECTIVES

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Be aware of cultural dimensions

• 권력 간격 지수 (Power Distance Index, PDI)• Individualism( 개인주의 ) versus Collectivisms( 집단주의 )• 불확실성 회피 지수 (Uncertainty Avoidance Index)• Masculinity( 남성다움 ) versus Femininity( 여성스러움 )• Long-Term Orientation versus Short-Term Orientation• Indulgence( 관대 ) versus Restraint( 구속 )

https://geert-hofstede.com/south-korea.html

5. DISTRIBUTED RETROSPECTIVES

Page 27: The retrospective handbook

FUTURESPECTIVES

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

http://www.innovationgames.com/

• Set the stage - 타임머신을 타고 미래로 가서 프로젝트 회고 시간으로 가보자• Gather data - 브레인 스토밍을 한 후 타임라인에 이벤트와 개선 또는 극복한 사례 적기• Generate Insights - 타임라인을 보고 토론해 보기• Decide what to do - 타임라인을 통해 얻은 통찰로 지금 우리는 무엇을 할지 결정하기• Close retrospective - 회고 마무리

Page 28: The retrospective handbook

Very Big Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

• Allow more time• Use multiple facilitators• Use break-out groups• Consider mixing up the groups• Lean on group work• Priorities work• Self-organise owners for actions• Use the fishbowl discussion

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Very Small Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Personal-Retrospectives

• Clarity the Purpose• What prompted your decision?• What are you seeking to accomplish as a result of the work?

• Access Decision-making Influences• Why do I choose that?

• Gather Data• What happened?• How did I feel and react?

• Distill the Learning• What does this tell me?• Why was it significant?

• Transform Learning into Plans• What specifically will I do?

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Very Small Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Personal-Retrospectives

• What Are My Sources Of Knowledge?• Authority ( 영향력 )• Deductive Logic ( 연역적 논리 )• Sense Experience ( 감각적 경험 )• Emotion ( 감정 )• Intuition ( 직관 )• Scientific Method ( 과학적 방법 )

• What Are My Assumptions Aboud the Future?• What do i assume i will never change about myself?• What limits or expands my choices?• What do I want people to think of when they hear my name?

• What Are My Values?• What is My Level of Self-appreciation?

Access Decision-making Influences

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Very Small Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Personal-Retrospectives

Gather Data

• 데이터를 모으는 것은 성공이나 실패를 측정하기 위한 것이 아니다 .• 단지 정보를 제공하기 위한 목적이다 .• 회고의 목적은 나의 변화 저항력을 줄이기 위한 것이다 .

• 변화를 즐기는 횟수• 제어하고 싶은 것을 자극하는 트리거• 내가 저항 할 때 발생하는 신체적 변화• 변명• 내가 잘하고 것과 지속하거나 개선하고 싶은 것• 내가 가지고 있는 가치 있는 특성• 내가 자신을 보호하기 위해 필요한 것• 내가 이끄는 대신 따라해도 되는 상황• 내가 저항 다른 것들• 내가 다른 사람에게 말하고 있는 변화에 대한 것

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Very Small Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Personal-Retrospectives

Gather Data

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Very Small Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Personal-Retrospectives

Distill in learning

• Lists• 수집된 데이터 리스트에서 항목간의 관련성을 연결해 본다 .• 관련성에 대한 패턴을 분석해 본다 .

• Five Whys• “Why” 로 시작하는 질문을 다섯번 시도해 본다 .

• Five “What does that allow me to do?” …or others• Patterns and Shifts - Fact, Finding, Feeling, Future action• Radar Chart 분석하기

• OO 이 바뀌면 상황이 어떻게 바뀌는가 ?• 내 진정한 능력은 무엇인가 ?• 나의 능력에 대한 나의 신념은 무엇인가 ?• 나의 신념과 연결된 다른 무엇이 있는가 ?

• 그 외 데이터를 보고 질문을 해본다 .

Page 34: The retrospective handbook

Very Small Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Personal-Retrospectives

Transform Learning into plans• Story 만들기

Page 35: The retrospective handbook

Very Small Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Personal-Retrospectives

Transform Learning into plans• SOAR Framework

Page 36: The retrospective handbook

Appreciative Retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

• 강점탐구 , 긍정혁명 , 긍정적 탐문 , 강점기반 조직개발• 1984 년 데이비드 쿠퍼라이더 (David Cooperrider) 가 전미경영학회 (Academy

of Management) 에서 처음 정식으로 발표한 개념

Page 37: The retrospective handbook

Solution-focused Goal-driven retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

• Miracle Question• 기적이 일어나 해당 일이 완벽하게 되었다고 생각해보기• 그것을 어떻게 알았는가 ?• 무엇이 다르게 느껴지는가 ?

• Scaling Question• 0~10 점으로 구간을 나누었을 경우 현재의 위치 생각해 보기

• 이미 해당되는 일을 하고 있다고 했을때 식별되는 것들 찾기• 이상적인 결과를 위해 할 수 있는 것들에 대하여 찾기

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Dialogue Sheet retrospectives

6.OTHER FLAVOURS OF RETROSPECTIVES

https://www.softwarestrategy.co.uk/dialogue-sheets/download/

Page 39: The retrospective handbook

7.AFTER THE RETROSPECTIVE

• 회고 산출물 저장하기• 사진으로 보관하기• Keynote or Powerpoint• Wiki• 중요 방향성에 대하여 포함하도록 한다 .• 면책 조건을 포함하도록 한다 .

• Action Item 에 대하여 명시한다 .• Action Item 이 수행될 때까지 체크한다 .• Action Item 의 소유자에게 넛지를 준다 .• follow-up sessions 일정을 잡는다 .• 다음 회고 일정을 잡는다 .• 다른 팀에 공유한다 .

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8. COMMON RETROSPECTIVE SMELLS

• All Talk, No Action• ‘What did you do to make the problem go away?’• ‘How did you approach fixing your own problems?’

• All Action, No Talk• Open Question

• Conversation to controlled• Too repetitive• No preparation• Too many Goals• Poorly formed Actions• One Person owns All Actions

Page 41: The retrospective handbook

9. KEEPING RETROSPECTIVES FRESH

• Bring food• Ask different questions

• Anchors and Engines• ‘What anchors may be dragging you down?’ • ‘What engines are helping you accelerate?’

• Hot Air Ballon• ‘What things are acting as sandbags, slowing you down?’• ‘What things are helping you move upwards?’

• Train• ‘What cargo may be slowing the train down?’• ‘What sort of fuel is helping the train go faster?’

• Run an energiser• Vary the activities• Change the environment• Appeal to other skill-sets• Make it less formal