The Renaissance
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Transcript of The Renaissance
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-1Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Renaissance Era~1425 - 1600
Period of recovery from the Middle Ages (also known as the “Dark Ages”) Arts and sciences were revived. French word for “rebirth” Age of humanism--intellectual and cultural
movement that explored human interests and values through science, philosophy, literature, painting, sculpture, and music
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-2Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Renaissance Music(1450-1600)
Humanism-union of pagan & Christian beliefs Emphasis on the human & nature vs the otherworldly &
divine Affect on Fine Arts: Use of balance & order
Individual achievement important Belief that all things were knowable with the right kind of study
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-3Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Renaissance Period (1450-1600): Background
A “rebirth” in Europe after the Plague (Italy, 1348) and the Hundred Years’ War (England vs. France, 1337-1453)
Interest revived in Greek and Roman arts, philosophy, architecture, science, and mathematics
The age of exploration: Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan.
Rebirth of science: Nicolai Copernicus and Galileo Galilei.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-4Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Renaissance EraBackground
Economic growth, particularly in Italy and the Low Countries (i.e., modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands)
New World “discovered” by Columbus in 1492. Kingdoms, duchies, city-states got bigger and richer. Ideal “Renaissance Man”--knowledge of a variety of
arts and sciences Human reason and individuality became very
important values. Movable type invented in mid-15th century. Music
printing established by 1500.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-5Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Renaissance Artists Botticelli Michelangelo Leonardo da
Vinci Raphael
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-6Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Renaissance EraBackground
Protestant Reformation--1517--Martin Luther nailed his list of complaints to the Church door; was the beginning of a large split in the Catholic church, called the “Reformation.”
Counter-Reformation--attempts to hold onto the Catholic liturgy and doctrine in the face of Protestantism
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-7Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Renaissance EraMusic
Composers brought words and music together in unity better than ever before.
Sound was based on polyphony--equal voice parts.
Most music had 3, 4, 5, or even 6 parts. Strong attention to text being sung, even
when polyphonic melodies were complex
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-8Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Renaissance Music 1450
Beginning of today’s voice arrangement Superius-soprano Altus-alto Tenor Bassus-bass
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-9Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Musical Compositions (Genres) of the Renaissance
Masses: settings of the Ordinary of the Mass Polyphonic texture
Madrigals: secular songs, originating in the Italian courts and spreading to other countries Secular songs about romantic love or
nature Settings of sonnets or pious devotions
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-10Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Musical Compositions (Genres) of the Renaissance
Motets: sacred or secular pieces in polyphonic style Each part had different words. One part in a secular motet was based on
a chant in long notes: called the cantus firmus.
Generally 3 parts during this period
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-11Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Characteristics of Renaissance Music
Texture Primarily polyphonic
Rhythm & Melody Each melodic line has greater rhythmic independence Scale with larger leaps vs. more step-wise movement
Words & Music Vocal music more important than instrumental Word painting
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2-12Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Josquin des Prez ca. 1450-1521 Born in Flanders(Belgium) Greatest composer of the early
Renaissance Contemporary of da Vinci Known for chansons(French
polyphonic songs) & motets Demanded high salary, changed
jobs often Hired by Duke of Ferrara to be a
composer for his court Other compositions:
Missa Pange Lingua (a Mass) Missa La Sol Fa Re Mi (another
Mass) Ave Maria. . . virgo serena
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-13Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Ave Maria…Virgo serena(Hail Mary…Serene Virgin); 1475
4-voice motet Latin prayer to the Holy
Virgin Uses polyphonic repetition,
overlapping of phrases Adapted melody from
Gregorian chant, but rest of motet not based on chant
Varies texture, imitation in upper voices
Change from triple to duple meter
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-14Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Josquin des Prez
• Quote from Martin Luther- “God has His Gospel preached also through the medium of music; this may be
seen from the compositions of Josquin, all of whose works are cheerful, gentle, mild, and lovely; they flow and move
along and are neither forced not coerced and bound by rigid and stringent rules, but, on the contrary, are like the song of
the finch.”
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-15Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Chaper 5: Josquin des Prez--“The Cricket”
Polyphonic--4 distinct voices, equally important
Uses word painting--(e.g., long notes on words “hold a long line” and chirping sounds which imitate a cricket)
Music written to a humorous poem; an attempt to enhance the spirit of the poetry
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-16Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Josquin des Prez--“The Cricket”
Texture--4 distinct voices, equally important Soprano (highest range--usually female) Alto (second-highest range--usually
female) Tenor (second-lowest range--male) Bass (lowest range--male)
Voices move together rhythmically throughout most of the piece.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-17Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Josquin des Prez--“The Cricket”
Written in a style known as counterpoint. Every voice is a good melody rather than
one melody with accompanying voices. Can be very intricate and complex. Comes from the Latin, contrapunctum,
meaning “note-against-note.” In this recording, all 4 voices are male. The
upper two voices are sung in falsetto. Written so it could be played on instruments
OR sung. Typical in the Renaissance Period.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-18Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Josquin des Prez--“The Cricket”
Word painting is extensive throughout the piece. Long melisma among the 4 voices when
the cricket sings of “love.” Form: Three parts, known as ternary form
Described as ABA (B is a contrasting section to A)
Each section has clearly distinctive music.
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-19Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
A Woodcut Image of Josquin des Prez
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Portrait of Martin Luther by Lucas Cranach the Elder
A theologian and a composer
Wrote “A Mighty Fortress is Our God”
A German monk who nailed a list of complaints against the Catholic Church on the door of a church in Wittenberg
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-21Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Reformation
1517 The Ninety-Five Theses Music for Congregational
Participation Beginning of Lutheran
Chorale with text & tune only
Similar to today’s hymns
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Renaissance Period (1450-1600): Background
The power of the Catholic Church diminished, as new denominations sprung up.
The Catholic Church launched a “Counterreformation” as a reaction to this.
The most prominent composer of the Counterreformation was Palestrina.
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Counter-Reformation Council of Trent
Church felt threatened by Protestant Reformation Music under attack
Had strayed from Chant Complaints about use of secular tunes Complicated polyphony making words hard to
understand Noisy instruments, bad singers
Music should be purged of “barbarism, obscurities, contrarieties, and superfluities” so that “House of God should be house of prayer.”
Desiderius Erasmus
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina(1525-1594)
Appointed Choirmaster of Capella Giulia, Vatican by Pope Julius III
Published first book of Masses Dismissed from position after
marrying Published first book of motets;
104 masses, approx. 450 other sacred works
Returned to Vatican in 1571, two eldest sons & wife died
Remarried, went into fur business, published 16 collections of music
Died 1594
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Pope Marcellus Mass-Kyrie, (1562-1563)
Most famous mass Was thought to convince Council of Trent that
polyphonic masses should be kept in Catholic worship; not true, but does reflect need of understanding text
Dedicated to Pope Marcellus II Written for a capella choir Six voice parts Rich polyphonic texture, imitation
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-26Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Madrigal Most popular form of secular
music Originating in the Italian courts
and spreading to other countries Similar to and different from
motets Many found in the Squarcialupi
Codex, showing uses for voices singing same text
Written for small group of singers, imitative entrances of new text, singable vocal lines, more polyphonic
Songs about romantic love or nature, chivalry, spinning
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
The Madrigal
Not limited by religious traditions More innovative musical ideas English madrigals popular
Text in English Composers make lines tuneful & singable Not taken too seriously
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-28Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Important Differences between Motets & Madrigals
Vernacular languages Deal with sentimental/erotic love Have stronger & more regular rhythm, faster tempo Sung at social gatherings of learned, artistic societies Popular among higher classes Written down & composed Contain text or word painting-music depicts word
being sung
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Thomas Weelkes ca. 1575-1623 An English
composer who lived during the age of Shakespeare
During reigns of Elizabeth I and James I
Fascinated with Italian poetry and music, including Italian madrigal
A professional musician with a degree in music from New College, Oxford
Organist at Chichester Cathedral-most musically productive years
Also wrote sacred music
Lost his job at the Cathedral in 1617 because of blasphemy and drunkenness
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
As Vesta Was From Latmos Hill Descending
The Triumphs of Oriana-anthology of madrigals composed in honor of Elizabeth I
Vesta-Roman goddess of hearth & home
Diana-goddess of the hunt, chastity, moon
Text-Vesta comes down hill with attendants(Diana’s darlings); Oriana, “maiden queen,” climbs hill with shepherds; Vesta’s attendants leave to join her
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-31Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
As Vesta Was From Latmos Hill Descending
Major use of word painting – words like “ascending” &
“descending” set with scales that move in said direction;
as Vesta’s attendants leave to run down hill, appropriate number of singers mirror text- 3, 2, then 1;
“Long” is longest note Rhythmic setting effective, contributes
to expressiveness
Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds
2-32Listen to This By Mark Evan Bonds PRENTICE HALL
©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Instrumental Music
Instruments often accompanied singing of secular music
Players simplified written parts using chords Lute-Most popular instrument Instruments used exclusively for dance music Pavane, Galliard, ballade, rondeau
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Instruments of the Renaissance
Dulcian Viol de gamba Harp/lyre Hirten Lizard
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Instruments of the Renaissance
Lute Organet Psaltery Sackbut Serpent
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©2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Instruments of the Renaissance
Shawm Shofar Tenor viol Flute Tenor recorder