The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century
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Transcript of The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
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Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergCurt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred BergWinter Term 2008/2009
The Reluctant Empire?
U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Today’s Topics
Continental Expansion The United States and Imperialism The Spanish-American War The Open Door in China The Big Stick in the Caribbean
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
George Washington (1732-1799)
“The period is not far off, when we may defy material injury from external annoyance...; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel.”
Farewell Address of 1796
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
James Madison (1751-1836)
Mr. Madison’s War 1812 - 1814
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Manifest Destiny “It is our manifest
destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us.”
John O’Sullivan, 1845
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
William Seward (1801-1872)
U.S. Secretary of State (1861-1869)
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840-1914)
The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1890
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Imperialism
Navalism Racism Social Darwinism Colonialism Jingoism Yellow Press Social Imperialism
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
William McKinley (1843-1901)
U.S. President (1897 – 1901)
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
U.S.S. Maine, 1898 New York Journal Headlines
(Feb.17, 1898) Wreckage of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
The Spanish-American War 1898 The Battle of San Juan Hill U.S. Secretary of
State John Hay: “A Splendid Little War”
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Cuba Teller Amendment of 1898:
“The United States disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction or control” over Cuba.
Platt Amendment of 1903: The U.S. reserves the right “to intervene for the
preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty.”
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Anti-Imperialist League, 1899 Andrew Carnegie,
1835-1919 Carl Schurz,
1829 - 1906
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
The Philippine War, 1899-1902
U.S. soldiers of the First Nebraska volunteers, company B, near Manila, 1899
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
China Around 1900Western Powers andSpheres of Influencein China, ca. 1900
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Open Door Notes 1899: U.S. does not recognize “exclusive
rights of any power within or control over any portion of the Chinese Empire” which must remain “an open market for the commerce of the world.”
1900: U.S. wants to “preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity” and the “principle of equal and impartial trade.”
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)
U.S. President, 1901-1909
Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg
Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936)
“Take up the white man’s burden, and reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, the hate of those ye guard.”
- “The White Man’s Burden” (1899)