The Peering Simulation Game William B. Norton 11-12 August 2010 Nairobi, Kenya Sarova Panafric Hotel...
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The Peering Simulation Game
William B. Norton
11-12 August 2010Nairobi, KenyaSarova Panafric Hotel Nairobi
African Peering and Interconnection Forum: Unlocking Africa’s Regional Interconnection
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Internet Researcher
• 90% externally focused• Many documents on Protocols• Lack of Operations documents• Research: Peering
– How does Peering work?– What are the definitions?– What are the “Tricks of the Trade?”
White paper process..
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Community Operations Research
1. “Ground Truth” w/dozens of experts2. Write White Paper v0.13. Walk community through WP for
comments4. Revise White Paper into new version5. Present White Paper at conferences6. Solicit comments over lunches and
dinners
White papers so far…
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Internet Operations White Papers1) “Interconnection Strategies for ISPs”2) “Internet Service Providers and Peering”3) “A Business Case for Peering”4) “The Art of Peering: The Peering Playbook”5) “The Peering Simulation Game”6) “Do ATM-based Internet Exchanges Make
Sense Anymore?” 7) “Evolution of the U.S. Peering Ecosystem”8) “Asia Pacific Peering Guidebook”9) “A Business Case for Peering in 2004”
Freely available. See Web site or send e-mail to [email protected] Google for “William B. Norton”
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Where did the Peering Simulation Game come from?
• Conversations: 200 ISP Peering Coordinators
• Research Paper: “Internet Service Providers and Peering”
Today:1) Definitions of the trade2) Summary Findings from Research3) Live the Life: Peering Simulator
No Internet Preso is complete without…
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Internet Statistics
• 87.5% of all Internet statistics are made up
Made Up
Real
Source: I made it up
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3 minute Intro to Peering
Transit $$
Transit $$
ISP A
ISP B
Peering provides routes only to each others customers
1) Transit can costs big bucks.(But it is a convenient plug in the wall that says “Internet this way”)2) Peering costs little and reduces transit costs.3) Q: Who to peer with? How to justify Peering costs?
Upstream Transit Provider
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Definitions of Peering and Transit
vs. Def: Transit is the business relationship whereby one ISP sells access to all destinations in its routing table.
Def: Peering is the business relationship whereby ISPs reciprocally announce reachability to each others’ transit customers.
Peering
USNet EastNetWestNet
Peering
RoutingTable
• (Note: Peering is a Non-Transitive Relationship)
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The Players• Internet Service Provider A
– Peering Coordinator • Internet Service Provider B
– Peering Coordinator• Internet Service Provider C
– Peering Coordinator • Internet Service Provider D
– Peering Coordinator
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3 Helpers
• Transit Provider X: • Transit Provider Y: • Exchange Point Operator:
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A
C
B
D
Transit Provider X
Transit Provider Y
IXW IXE
IXN
IXS
Y Y
XX
The Peering Game
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3 Rules 1. Goal: Maximize bank holdings. Make money by
acquiring customers and reduce transit costs by peering2. Play: Roll the dice and expand your network by
selecting that many adjacent “squares” of customersGain transit revenue of $2000 for each customer square
you ownPay transit fees of $1000 for each square of traffic that
other ISPs own3. If at Exchange Point, two ISPs can negotiate peering:
– $2000 recurring cost and loss of 2 turns, ISPs negotiates who covers the costs of peering
– Peering ISPs do not have to pay transit for each others squares starting the next turn
Quick round…
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A
C
B
D
Transit Provider X
Transit Provider Y
IXW IXE
IXN
IXS
Y Y
XX
A A A A
A
A rolls 5, Wants to peer w/B – moves to IXNReceives revenue on 6 squares (6*$2000)Pays Transit on others squares (3*$1000)
$12,000 - $3,000 = $9,000
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A
C
B
D
Transit Provider X
Transit Provider Y
IXW IXE
IXN
IXS
Y Y
XX
A A A A
A
A rolls 5, Pays Transit on others squares (3*$1000) Receives revenue on 6 squares (6*$2000)
$12,000 - $3,000 = $9,000
B rolls 3,Going to IXE
Receives revenue on 4 squares (4*$2000)Pays Transit on others squares (8*$1000)
$8,000 - $8,000 = $0
B
B
B
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A
C
B
D
Transit Provider X
Transit Provider Y
IXW IXE
IXN
IXS
Y Y
XX
A A A A
A
A rolls 5, Pays Transit on others squares (3*$1000) Receives revenue on 6 squares (6*$2000)
$12,000 - $3,000 = $9,000
B rolls 3,Can get to IXE
Pays Transit on others squares (8*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (4*$2000)
$8,000 - $8,000 = $0
B
B
B
C rolls 6,Can get to IXW, likes IXS
Receives revenue on 7 squares (7*$2000)Pays Transit on others squares (11*$1000)
$14,000 - $11,000 = $3,000
C
C
C
C C
C
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A
C
B
D
Transit Provider X
Transit Provider Y
IXW IXE
IXN
IXS
Y Y
XX
A A A A
A
A rolls 5, Pays Transit on others squares (3*$1000) Receives revenue on 6 squares (6*$2000)
$12,000 - $3,000 = $9,000
B rolls 3,Can get to IXE
Pays Transit on others squares (8*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (4*$2000)
$8,000 - $8,000 = $0
B
B
B
C rolls 6,Can get to IXW, IXS
Pays Transit on others squares (11*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (7*$2000)
$14,000 - $11,000 = $3,000
C
C
C
C C
C
D rolls 1,Late entrant heading to IXE
Receives revenue on 2 squares (2*$2000)Pays Transit on others squares (17*$1000)
$4,000 - $17,000 = -$13,000
D
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Scoreboard after Round 1
• ISP A: $9,000• ISP B: $0• ISPC: $3,000• ISPD: -$13,000
• On to Round 2
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A
C
B
D
Transit Provider X
Transit Provider Y
IXW IXE
IXN
IXS
Y Y
XX
A A A A
A
A rolls 5, Pays Transit on others squares (3*$1000) Receives revenue on 6 squares (6*$2000)
$12,000 - $3,000 = $9,000
B rolls 3,Can get to IXE
Pays Transit on others squares (8*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (4*$2000)
$8,000 - $8,000 = $0
B
B
B
C rolls 6,Can get to IXW, IXS
Pays Transit on others squares (11*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (7*$2000)
$14,000 - $11,000 = $3,000
C
C
C
C C C
D rolls 1,Late entrant heading to IXE
Pays Transit on others squares (17*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (2*$2000)
$2,000 - $17,000 = -$15,000
D
A rolls 3,Attaches to IXW
Receives revenue on 9 squares (9*$2000)Pays Transit on others squares (13*$1000)
$18,000 - $13,000 = $5,000
Wants to peer with C – split costs?YES: -$1,000 + both lose a turn
Neither has to pay transit to each other!
A
AA
C
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A
C
B
D
Transit Provider X
Transit Provider Y
IXW IXE
IXN
IXS
YC Y
XBXA
A A A A
A
A rolls 5, Pays Transit on others squares (3*$1000) Receives revenue on 6 squares (6*$2000)
$12,000 - $3,000 = $9,000
B rolls 3,Can get to IXE
Pays Transit on others squares (8*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (4*$2000)
$8,000 - $8,000 = $0
B
B
B
C rolls 6,Can get to IXW, IXS
Pays Transit on others squares (11*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (7*$2000)
$14,000 - $11,000 = $3,000
C
C
C
C C C
D rolls 1,Late entrant heading to IXE
Pays Transit on others squares (17*$1000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (2*$2000)
$2,000 - $17,000 = -$15,000
D
A rolls 2,Attaches to IXW
Pays Transit on others squares (13*$1000) Receives revenue on 8 squares (8*$2000)
$16,000 - $13,000 = $3,000Wants to peer with C – split costs?
YES: -$1,000 both lose a turnNeither has to pay transit to each other
A
AB rolls 6,
Attaches to IXE*IXNReceives revenue on 10 squares (10*$2000)Pays Transit on others squares (21*$1000)
$20,000 - $21,000 = -$1,000
Wants to peer with A – split costs?NO: You pissed me off,
Yes: if $0 & B lose both turnsBoth walk away
BBBBBA Position
9 Revenue squares1 lost turn
Peering w/C reduced cost $8000/turn
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Let’s play!WELCOME TO BILLAND
4 ISPs that have never played before
Open Board$35,000 VC FundingWe want to hear your thought process and peering
negotiationsWinner - prize
$25,000 VC Funding 1¥ = $1000
WINNER: At 5:25?PM we will stop andassume that every roll was a “3”from that point on out to 12 rounds..
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Play the Peering Simulation Game…
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Top 5 Reasons NOT to Peer
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Top 5 Reasons not to Peer
1) Already get Traffic for “free” (through existing peering relationships)
Transit$$$
Yahoo!
Transit ISPEXODUS
Peering $
AOL
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Top 5 Reasons not to Peer
2) Not True Peers• Traffic inequity
• Scale inequity• Not even investments in infrastructure• Form: “I don’t want to haul your traffic
around the globe”
Large Global Network Provider
SmallRegional
Player
Huge investment in Int’s circuits,100’s of routers and colo sites,Staff installs, peering negotiations, Millions of customers, etc.
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Top 5 Reasons Not to Peer
3) Lack of Technical Competence
Troubleshooting network problems takes longer when the other ISP NOC and engineers lack the technical expertise during an outage…
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Top 5 Reasons Not to Peer
4) Transit Sales Preferred• We rather sell you transit…“Let me
introduce you to our sales guys”
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Top 5 Reasons Not to Peer5) BGP is Tough
“BGP? No ExpertiseNo measurements No Justification to hire expertsBGP?”
TransitService
ISP A
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit
Providers
INTERNET
NETWORKS
TransitService
ISP A
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit
Providers
INTERNET
NETWORKS
TransitService
ISP A
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit
Providers
INTERNET
NETWORKS
TransitService
ISP A
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit Provider
Upstream Transit
Providers
INTERNET
NETWORKS
Primary
BackupTransit
Seek transportInterconnection
$
x
Transit$$$
ISP B
Transit$$$
ISP A
Transit ISP
Transit$$$
ISP B
Transit$$$
ISP A
Transit ISP
Transit$$$
ISP BTransit$$$
ISP B
Transit$$$
ISP A
Transit$$$
ISP A
Transit ISP
PrimaryBackupTransit
Conceptual Hurdle Conceptual Hurdle ComplexSimple
6: personality
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Top 5 Reasons Not To Peer
5+ Personality Clashes:
They don’t understand each other
and they didn’t like the interaction
So Peering sounds easy?