The New Deal1932-1941

FDR OFFERS RELIEF1b, 2c, 6a

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLEFranklin D. RooseveltEleanor RooseveltNew DealFireside ChatFDICTVACCCNRAPWA Charles CoughlinHuey Long

FDR Offers Relief and RecoveryFranklin D. Roosevelt

◦Democrat◦Wins the election of 1932

The New Deal◦FDR’s plan to combat the Depression

The First 100 Days◦Proposed and passed 15 bills◦Three Goals

Relief, Recovery, Reform

Fireside ChatsBanking Crisis when

FDR takes office◦Bank runs caused

banks to collapseFDR used the radio

to communicate with the American people ◦Known as fireside

chats◦Promoted his New

Deal policies

Reforming the Financial SystemFDIC (Federal Deposit

Insurance Corporation)◦ Insured banking deposits

up to $5,000◦Restored people’s faith in

the banking systemSEC (Securities and

Exchange Commission)◦Regulated the stock

market◦Had to provide proof of

profits

FarmersAgricultural Adjustment Act

(AAA)◦Paid farmers subsidies to not plant

acres of crops or to destroy crops◦This would deplete the supply,

therefore driving the price of crops upward

Rural Southerners Receive HelpTennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

◦Built a series of dams in the Tennessee River Valley to control floods and generate electricity

Relief and Industrial ReformCivilian Conservation Corp (CCC)

◦ Provided jobs for young men Planting forests, digging ditches, etc Environmental jobs

Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)◦ Federal funds to help the unemployed

National Recovery Administration (NRA)◦ Codes of fair competition, established minimum

wages and maximum pricesPublic Works Administration (PWA)

◦ Provided jobs in infrastructureWorks Progress Administration (WPA)

◦ Provided jobs for writers and artists

Opposition to the New DealThe Rights Says “Too Much”

◦New Deal makes the government too powerful

Left says “not enough”◦not helping enough people◦African Americans in particular

THE SECOND NEW DEAL

1b, 2c, 5b, 6a

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLESecond New DealWPAJohn Maynard KeynesPump PrimingSocial Security ActWagner ActCollective BargainingFair Labor Standards ActCIOSit-down StrikesCourt Packing

Extending Social and Economic ReformThe Second New Deal

◦FDR’s second term as president◦Problems of the elderly, poor, and

unemployed◦Helped farmers◦Public-works projects◦Protected workers’ rights

New Programs Provide JobsWorks Progress Administration (WPA)

◦ Much like the PWA◦ Difference was it provided jobs for people such

as writers and paid artistsNew Deal Programs were expensive

◦ Government paid for them with money they didn’t actually have This is called deficit spending

◦ John Keynes: economists Argued that deficit spending was needed to end the

Depression PUMP PRIMING: Putting people to work=more money

in their hands=more money spent on goods=stimulated economy

Social SecurityPension system for the elderlyUnemployment insurance

More Aid to FarmersRural

Electrification Act (REA)◦Loaned money

to electric utility companies to build power lines and bring electricity to rural areas

Labor UnionsWagner Act

◦Recognized the right of workers to join a labor union

◦Collective Bargaining Employers had to negotiate about hours,

wages, etc

Fair Labor Standards Act◦Established a minimum wage◦Minimum hours work week◦Outlawed child labor

Workers Use Their New RightsCongress of Industrial

Organizations(CIO)◦More diverse than the AFL◦Used sit-down strike: refuse to leave

the workplace until a settlement is reached

Challenges to the New DealSupreme Court

Opposes◦Ruling FDR’s

programs “unconstitutional”

FDR “packs the court”◦He added 6 new

justices that believed in his plan

◦No more New Deal Programs were overturned

FDR’s SetbacksFDR lost political support when

he “packed the court”◦Some believed he was abusing his

power as president1935 and 1936 there was an

economic downturn◦Democrats suffered in the

Congressional elections

EFFECTS OF THE NEW DEAL

1b, 1c, 4f

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLEBlack CabinetMary Mcleod BethuneIndian New DealNew Deal CoalitionWelfare State

Women Help Lead the New Deal

Eleanor Roosevelt◦First Lady◦Used her position to further women’s

cause◦She toured the nation representing

the President (he had polio and could not walk)

New Deal Programs not designed to help women

African Americans Make Advances and Face ChallengesBlack Cabinet: FDR invited African

Americans to advise him◦Robert Weaver, Mary McLeod Bethune

New Deal did not greatly reduce racial injustice◦Example: FDR refused to support anti-

lynching legislation for fear of losing support of the New Deal in the South

Programs, like the WPA, paid African Americans less than whites

The New Deal Affects Native AmericansThe Indian Reogranization Act

1934◦Restored control of their lands to

Native AmericansThe Bureau of Indian Affairs

◦Stopped discouraging Native Americans from practicing their traditional religions and observing other aspects of their culture

New Deal CoaltionFDR’s policies brought together

an unlikely group of Americans◦Southern whites, northern blue-collar

workers, poor midwestern farmers, and African Americans

◦Came together because they worked together in the New Deal Programs Gave the Democrats a majority in both

houses

The Role of Government ExpandsNew Deal programs greatly

increased the size and scope of the government

The New Deal did not END the Depression, but it did help restore the American economy

New Deal broke away from traditional laissez-faire◦Some accused FDR of supporting socialism

Creating a Welfare StateWelfare State

◦A government that assumes the responsibility for providing for the welfare of the children, the poor, the elderly, sick, disabled, and unemployed

The Federal Government GrewFederal government took

responsibility for restoring and controlling the U.S. economy

Employed those who needed jobs with public works projects◦Raised the standard of living

Spurred industryHelped farmersHelped rural dwellersBecame a welfare state

CULTURE OF THE 1930S

7a, 7c, 7d

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE Frank CapraFederal Aft ProjectMuralDorothea LangeJohn SteinbeckLillian Hellman

Movies and RadioEntertainment became big

business in the 1930sMovies were a means of an

escape from the DepressionRadio comedies, soap operas,

detective series, and dramasMusic

◦Swing, blues, and folk music

The New Deal and the ArtsSupporting the Arts

◦WPAartists, writers, actors and musicians All worked on the

Federal Art Project

◦Photographers Hired by the

government to document the lives of farmers and migrant workers Dorothea Lange is a

famous photographer from this time

LiteratureJohn Steinbeck: Of Mice and Men

and The Grapes of WrathRichard Wright

◦Black writer◦Criticized discrimination