The IFRI approach to studying tenure
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Exploringhowpeopleshapetheworld’sforests…Exploringhowpeopleshapetheworld’sforests…
The IFRI Approach to StudyingTenure
KristerAndersson
UniversityofColoradoatBoulder,USA
InternationalForestryResourcesandInstitutions(IFRI)ResearchNetwork
2012CIFORAnnualMeeting
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Take‐homemessage
• IFRIapproachisusefulbecause– Collectscomparabledatafrommultiplecontexts
– Reliesonovertimeobservations
– Hasanesteddatastructure
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What is IFRI?• InternationalForestryResourcesandInstitutions(IFRI)ResearchNetwork• Anetworkfocusedonlocalforestgovernanceandoutcomes• Est.1992byElinorOstromatIndianaU.withsupportfromFAO• NowcoordinatedbyArunAgrawalatUofMichigan• 12CollaboratingResearchCenters(approximately40researchers)• 330researcherstrained(from38countries)• 225peer‐reviewedpublications(30KcitationsonGooglescholar)
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IFRISharedDatabase–June’12
VisitsperSite Total1Visit 1502Visits 1083Visits 694Visits 4
TotalSites 331
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IFRIDataStructure
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FieldResearchApproach• In‐depthqualitativecase
studies,2‐4weeks/site• CRCscollectandcode
comparablefielddata• Ecological,socioeconomic,
institutionalvariables• Sourcesofdata:direct
measurements,participantobservation,keyinformants,focusgroups,census,cadaster—notsurveysalone!
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Nestedunitsofanalysis
• Enablesmultilevelanalysis
• Exploitsthreetypesofvariation:– Temporal
– Spatial– Inter‐level
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Approachforstudyingtenure• Propertyrights:“rulesaffectingtheflowanddistributionofbenefitsfromresourcestousers”
• Codesabout50variablesrelatedtopropertyrights
• Teamleaderchoosesappropriatefieldmethods
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Sample variables about tenure
Atproductlevel:B1.Whatisthenatureofthegroup'scurrentlegalclaimtotheharvestoruseofthisforestproduct?<RLEGCLAIM>
(1)Dejure(byright,asestablishedbylaw)(2)Defacto(asexists,notnecessarilybylegalestablishment)
(3)Dejureanddefacto(theyhaveaformalrightandexercisingit)
(4)Contrarytoformallaw
D1.Doaccessing,harvesting,processing,orsellingrulesexistthataffecttheharvestingleveloruseofthisproduct?<RRULEEXIST>
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TenurevariablesatForestlevel
• F1.Doesthisusergroupincludetheowner(s)oftheforest?<GOWNFOREST>
• D2.Ifmorethanonegroupusesthisforest,arerulesforusingthisforestwelldefinedbetweendifferentgroups?Thatis,arethererulesthatspecifytheactionsthatdifferentgroupsfollow?<FRULEDEFIN>
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Conclusions
• Strengths– Comparablecoredataacrossmanysites
– Longitudindal
– Nestedunitsofanalysis
• Weaknesses– Samplingstrategy
– Coredataonly—insufficientinmanycontexts
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Further Information about IFRI
IFRI website at http://www.umich.edu/~ifri