The Enlightenment
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Transcript of The Enlightenment
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The Enlightenment
1650ish-1800
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Essential Questions:O Who should govern a nation?O How powerful/pervasive should that
force of government be?O What’s the role of religion in society?O Should religion have a place in
government?O How important is science to society?
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Causes
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Middle Ages
O Europe: Feudalistic society
O Kings had divine right to rule
O No way to break free from the hierarchy—constraining
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Renaissance HumanismO People are
capable of thinking for themselves.
O Individual Education (Humanities: grammar, rhetoric, Greek, history, moral philosophy, poetry)
Erasmus, Holbein
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Later Issues (15-1700s)
O Absolute monarchsO Government out of
touch with its constituents
O Nearly impossible to advance socially (no rags to riches)
O Aristocracy became ruling class with advent of parliamentary systems of gov’t
Louis XIV (1638-1715)
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“L’état, c’est moi.”“The state is me,” Louis XIV
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The Three Estates, France
O 17th centuryO First estate: Louis XVI and clerics,
most resources. Did not pay taxes.O Second estate: Noblemen and
women, self-centered. Did not pay taxes.
O Third estate (largest): Workers, artisans, etc. Did most of the work. Tax burden fell exclusively on them. No representation.
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The EnlightenmentO Occurred between approximate years of
1650s-1800O Explosion in radical thought about organization
of society and purpose of governmentO Value of Experimenting
O Oxygen was named during this time period as was the idea of the element.
O Lack of care for national bordersO Philosophes
O Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Voltaire, Newton, Rousseau, Montesquieu
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Philosophes
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Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679
O AbsolutistO Leviathan (1651)
O All individuals are naturally equal, but…
O Leviathan=sea monster that devoured ships…used here as a symbol for the government., created to impose order
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John Locke, 1632-1704O Tabula Rasa: blank slate
O Importance of environment and reason vs. heredity and faith
O No “divine right”O Man has natural rights:
O LifeO LibertyO PropertyO Gov’t that doesn’t
approve should be abolished.
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Baron de Montesquieu, 1689-1755
O Believed in three branches of government with checks and balances
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712-1778
O Wrote about distaste for political and economic oppression
O Good of the community > the individual
O Government determined by its citizens
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Exit TicketO On your index card:1. Briefly compare the Three Estates
with the Middle Ages.2. What is one of the Enlightenment’s
essential questions?3. What are philosophes? Name at
least one.O Make sure you include your name.
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SourcesO http://enlightenmentreed.wetpaint.com/page/Causes+of+the+EnlightenmentO http://www.google.com/imgres?
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