The Effect of Migration on the Ethnic Structure of ... · The Effect of Migration on the Ethnic...

The Effect of Migration on the Ethnic Structure of Population

in Vojvodina

Uticaj migracije na etničku strukturu stanovništva

u Vojvodini

A vándorlások hatása a népesség etnikai összetételére

a Vajdaságban

Kocsis Károly

TRANSMIG Conference

3-4th December, 2012

Szeged/Segedin – Subotica/Szabadka

V O J V O D I N A

Danube

Dunav

Duna

Sava

Tisza

Tisa

Serbian „Mesopotamia” in the South of the

Great Hungarian (Pannonian) Plain

A multiethnic region as the gate of Central Europe towards the Balkans

Multietnička regija kao vrata srednje Europe prema Balkanu

Délvidék

Vojvodina

Jug Ugarske

From South Hungary Délvidék

(„Southern Region”) /896 – 1918/

Sever Srbije - To North Serbia

Vojvodina („Voivodeship”) /1918 – /1945 – /

Ethnic map of the present-day

territory of Vojvodina

Etnička karta tadašnje

Vojvodine

76.1% Hungarians

20.0% Serbs

195,000 persons/osoba

OTTOMAN (TURKISH)

CAMPAIGNS – TURSKA IMPERIJA

IN HUNGARY (1526-1566)

Beograd

Buda

Wien

CONTINUOUS SERBIAN IMMIGRATION TO

SOUTH HUNGARY FROM THE LATE 14th

UNTIL THE LATE 18th CENTURY

KONTINUELNA SRPSKA imigracija u Južnoj

Ugarskoj od kraja 14. do kraja 18. STOLJEĆA

Main Serbian refugee wawes:

Srpske izbeglice:

1389 –

1439 –

1459 –

1521 –

1526 –

1541 –

1690

1737-39

1787-89

COLONIZATION AND INTERNAL MIGRATION IN HUNGARY

KOLONIZACIJA I UNUTARNJA MIGRACIJA u Ugarskoj (17th and 18th CENTURY)

Source: História 2007




Vojvodine

76.1% Hungarians

20.0% Serbs

195,000 persons/ osoba




Vojvodine

10.6% Hungarians

59.2% Serbs

12.4% Germans

8.0% Croats

5.8% Romanians

2.0% Slovaks

476,000 persons/osoba




Vojvodine

28.1% Hungarians

33.8% Serbs

21.4% Germans

6.0% Croats

5.0% Romanians

3.7% Slovaks

1,516,000 persons

CHANGE OF STATE POWER IN SOUTH HUNGARY (1918 – 1921)

PROMENA državne vlasti u Južnoj MAĐARSKOJ - Délvidék becoming Vojvodina

Source: História 2010/1-2.

SERBIAN (YUGOSLAV) STATE COLONIZATIONS IN VOJVODINA

Srpska (JUGOSLOVENSKA) DRŽAVNA naseljavanja u Vojvodini

(1918 – 1941) Ethnic majority - etnička većina

Hungarian

Serbian Number of colonists

broj kolonista

Agrarian colonists Croats Serbs

Non-agrarian Yugoslav

colonists

48,000 persons




Vojvodine

33.8% Serbs

28.1% Hungarians

21.4% Germans

6.0% Croats

5.0% Romanians

3.7% Slovaks

1,516,000 persons




Vojvodine

37.8% Serbs

23.2% Hungarians

20.2% Germans

8.2% Croats

3.9% Romanians

3.9% Slovaks

1,624,000 persons

BÁCSKA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

BAČKA tokom Drugog svetskog rata

WAR EVENTS IN 1941 and 1944 HUNGARIAN STATE COLONIZATIONS

IN 1941

15,500 persons

Source: História 2010/1-2.

SERBIAN LOSSES / Srpski GUBICI

(1941-42) HUNGARIAN LOSSES /Srpski GUBICI

(1944)

Died Serbs

Escaped, expelled, deported Serbs

Died Hungarians

Deported Hungarian Jews

Escaped, expelled, deported Hungarians

POREKLO KOLONISTA

PLACE OF ORIGIN OF

THE COLONISTS (1945)

216,306 persons

Source: Djurdjev, B.S. 1995

THE NEW HOMES OF THE COLONISTS IN VOJVODINA (1945)

Nova domovima kolonista u Vojvodini





Vojvodine

1,663,000 persons

36.2% Serbs

28.5% Hungarians

19.1% Germans

6.1% Croats

3.5% Romanians

3.8% Slovaks




Vojvodine

2,014,000 persons

56.8% Serbs

16.9% Hungarians

0.2% Germans

4.9% Croats

1.9% Romanians

3.2% Slovaks

PERIODIZATION OF EXTERNAL MIGRATION OF VOJVODINA

PERIODIZACIJA SPOLJNIH MIGRACIJA VOJVODINE

(1941 – 1981)


Srpske izbeglice u Vojvodini - SERBIAN REFUGEES IN VOJVODINA

(1996)




Vojvodine

2,014,000 persons

56.8% Serbs

16.9% Hungarians

0.2% Germans

4.9% Croats

1.9% Romanians

3.2% Slovaks




Vojvodine

2,032,000 persons

65.0% Serbs

14.3% Hungarians

0.2% Germans

3.8% Croats

1.5% Romanians

2.8% Slovaks

Main waves of colonization in Vojvodina during the 20th century

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

1918-1931 1941-1943 1944-1947 1991-1996

Others

Hungarians

Croats

Montenegrins

Serbs

Main waves of non voluntary emigration in Vojvodina during the 20th

century

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

1918-1931 1941-1943 1944-1947 1991-1996

Others

Germans

Hungarians

Serbs

Ethnic group /

Etničke grupe

Population censuses – popis stanovništva

1948 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011

Data in thousands – podaci u hiljadama

Serbs 841,2 1017,7 1089,1 1107,4 1143,7 1321,8 1289,6

Hungarians 428,9 442,6 423,9 385,4 339,5 290,2 251,1

Croats, Bunjevci 134,2 145,3 138,6 109,2 98,0 76,3 63,5

Slovaks 72,0 73,8 72,8 69,5 63,5 56,6 50,3

Montenegrins 30,6 34,8 36,4 43,3 44,8 35,5 22,1

Romanians 59,3 57,3 53,0 47,3 38,8 30,4 25,4

Roma, Sinti 7,6 3,3 7,8 19,7 24,4 29,1 42,4

Rusyns, Ukrainians 22,1 24,5 25,1 24,3 22,2 20,3 18,1

Germans 31,8 11,4 7,2 3,8 3,9 3,2 3,3

„Yugoslavs” 3,2 46,9 167,2 174,3 49,9 12,2

„Regionals” 5,3 1,6 2,5 10,2 28,6

No answer, unknown 2,4 7,3 6,6 20,9 78,8 95,8

Others 35,5 38,7 39,1 49,5 37,4 29,7 29,4

In total 1663,2 1855,0 1952,5 2034,8 2013,9 2032,0 1931,8

ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION OF VOJVODINA (1948 - 2011)

Etnička struktura u Vojvodini

ETHNIC STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION OF VOJVODINA (1948 - 2011)

Etnička struktura u Vojvodini u %

Ethnic group /

Etničke grupe

Population censuses – popis stanovništva

1948 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011

Data in per cent – podaci u procentima %

Serbs 50,6 54,9 55,8 54,4 56,8 65,0 66,8

Hungarians 25,8 23,9 21,7 18,9 16,9 14,3 13,0

Croats, Bunjevci 8,1 7,8 7,1 5,4 4,9 3,8 3,3

Slovaks 4,3 4,0 3,7 3,4 3,2 2,8 2,6

Montenegrins 1,8 1,9 1,9 2,1 2,2 1,7 1,1

Romanians 3,6 3,1 2,7 2,3 1,9 1,5 1,3

Roma, Sinti 0,5 0,2 0,4 1,0 1,2 1,4 2,2

Rusyns, Ukrainians 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,1 1,0 0,9

Germans 1,9 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2

„Yugoslavs” 0,2 2,4 8,2 8,7 2,5 0,6

„Regionals” 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,5 1,5

No answer, unknown 0,1 0,4 0,3 1,2 3,9 5,0

Others 2,1 2,0 1,9 2,5 1,6 1,4 1,5

In total 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0

Ethnic Structure of the Population of Vojvodina (1910-2011)

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

1910 1921 1931 1941 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011

Others

Ruthenians, Ukrainians

Roma (Gypsies)

Romanians

Slovaks

Croats, Bunjevci

Germans

Hungarians

Non declared, unknow n, regional

„Yugoslavs”

Monteneg.

Serbs

Ethnic Structure of the Population of Vojvodina (1910-2011)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1910 1921 1931 1941 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011

Others

Ruthenians, Ukrainians

Roma (Gypsies)

Romanians

Slovaks

Croats, Bunjevci

Germans

Hungarians


„Yugoslavs”

Monteneg.

Serbs

STAYING (working, learning) ABROAD FROM SERBIA IN 2011

From SERBIA: 294,000 (3.9% of the total population)

From Balkanic Serbia 206,000 (5.4%)

From Vojvodina: 46,000 (2.3%)

3 – 37% From South Banat

4 – 7% From West Vojvodina (Bač, Apatin, Šid communes)

4% From the zone of attraction of Szeged in Vojvodina

(e.g. Palić, Kelebija, Kanjiža, Ada, Senta, Horgoš 3 – 6%

Subotica only 2.4%)

3 – 8% From the „islands” of the national minorities (Hungarians,

Slovaks, Croats, Romanians, Rusyns)

BORAVAK (rad, učenje) INOSTRANSTVU iz Srbije 2011

Szeged

Subotica

Szabadka

Temerin

Temerin

Subotica / Szabadka

Szeged

Ethnic Structure of the Population of Subotica / Szabadka

(1910-2011)

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

1910 1921 1931 1941 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011

Others

Roma

Croats, Bunjevci

Germans

Hungarians

Non declared, unknown, regional

„Yugoslavs”

Monteneg.

Serbs

Ethnic Structure of the Population of Subotica / Szabadka

(1910-2011)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1910 1921 1931 1941 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011

Others

Roma

Croats, Bunjevci

Germans

Hungarians

Non declared, unknown, regional

„Yugoslavs”

Monteneg.

Serbs

Ethnic Structure of the Population of Temerin (1910-2011)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1910 1921 1931 1941 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011

Others

Germans

Hungarians


„Yugoslavs”

Serbs

Ethnic Structure of the Population of Temerin (1910-2011)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

19101921

19311941

19481953

19611971

19811991

20022011

Others

Germans

Hungarians


„Yugoslavs”

Serbs

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