THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA
-
Upload
noel-nielsen -
Category
Documents
-
view
47 -
download
0
description
Transcript of THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA
![Page 1: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA
Alexander vs. the PersiansThe Last Round
![Page 2: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Prior Events
• Defeated Persians at Granicus and Darius led Persians at Issus, then conquered Egypt.
• Alexander marched east from Tyre when he heard that Darius was in Babylon.
• Alexander hoped to draw Darius away from Babylon and its flat plains.
• the two armies met 8 miles from Gaugamela in modern day Iraq.
![Page 3: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BEFORE THE BATTLE…
• Alexander saw he was outnumbered 5 to 1.
• he saw that Darius had prepared the battle field making it suitable for his chariots.
![Page 4: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THE NIGHT BEFORE…
• Parmenio’s advises Alexander to attack at night and surprise the Persians
• Alexander disagrees:• too dangerous to attack at night,• he doesn’t want to “steal” his victory.
• Instead, Alexander orders his men to have a meal and a rest.
• he himself sleeps in.BUT…• Darius men are on stand-by all night
![Page 5: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ALEXANDER’S BATTLE LINE
• Alexander did not want to get outflanked.
• changed his usual battle line.• used Greek allies and Macedonians
to protect the rear.• allied cavalry protects the flanks.
![Page 6: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DARIUS’ BATTLE LINE
• Darius hoped to win be share weight of numbers.
• his battle line stretched across the plain of Gaugamela.
• he placed his scythed chariots at the front.
• his wings were made up of massive numbers of cavalry.
![Page 7: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE ORDER OF BATTLE
OR
HOW TO DESTROY DARIUS AND HIS EMPIRE IN HALF A DAY
![Page 8: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1. Alexander moves to right and the Persians move to their left to cover him.
![Page 9: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2. Darius sends his scythed chariots but they’re ineffective.
![Page 10: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3. Darius orders all his battle line to advance with his right wing cavalry attacking Alexander’s left wing.
![Page 11: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
4. Darius' moves his central cavalry to the left wing to assist his cavalry there
![Page 12: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
5. This makes a gap in Darius’ line which was what Alexander was waiting for and he turned his calvery and charges straight through it.
![Page 13: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
6. Darius turns and flees just in time along with his left wing cavalry. Alexander follows.
![Page 14: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7. Unaware Darius had left the field some Persians make it all the way through to the baggage train.
![Page 15: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
8. Alexander’s secondary phalanx turns around and attacks these Persians who have no means of escape.
![Page 16: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
9. Alexander stops chasing Darius to come to Parmenio’s aid. Alexander has to fight hard to get through to Parmenio
![Page 17: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
10. When Alexander arrives Parmenio no longer needed rescuing and the battle ends.
![Page 18: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Confused…?...good.
Let’s go to the map and the video tape….
![Page 19: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Battle of Gaugamela 331BC
![Page 20: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Battle of Gaugamela 331BC
![Page 21: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ONCE THE DUST SETTLED…
• Darius escaped to the north.• Even though Darius was survived the battle
he is eventually assisinated by his own men and his army is crushed.
• Alexander now free to move into the economic heartland of the Persian Empire.
• Alexander gives himself the title King of Kings and captures Persepolis
![Page 22: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
After Gaugamela…• Alexander and his army eventually
march across the Hindu Kush into Afghanistan and India
• He is forced by his own men to turn around and head back to Babylon
![Page 23: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Alexander Legacy
• Beyond his military genius, he increased trade and contact between West and East
• Spread Greek culture into the East (Hellenization)
• First hand writings about Alexander were lost, but many reliable sources based their writings on those first hand accounts
![Page 24: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Video Part 1 of 3
![Page 25: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Video Part 2 of 3
![Page 26: THE BATTLE OF GAUGAMELA](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56813625550346895d9d9b15/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Video Part 3 of 3