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TESUTURI EXCITABILE
FIZIOLOGIE
FILIP ADRIANA
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NEURONUL
MORFOLOGIE PROPRIETĂŢI EXCITABILITATEA Potenţialul de repaus Potenţialul de acţiune CONDUCTIBILITATEA DEGENERESCENŢA ŞI REGENERAREA ACTIVITATEA SINAPTICĂ
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NEURONULMORFOLOGIE
unitatea morfofuncţională a sistemului nervos alcătuire corp celular=pericarion prelungiri - dentrite - axon membrană, nucleu, citoplasmă cu organite
nespecifice si specifice (corpusculi Nissl şi neurofibrile)
celulele gliale – astrocitele, oligodendroglia, microglia
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NEURONUL
http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/4E12F6CF-2436-47DB-8CC5-607E82B2B8E4/2372/neurons_big1.jpg
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AXONUL
SCANARE NEURON
teaca de mielină
celule Schwann
teaca Henle
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/ExcitableCells.html
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AXONUL
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TRANSPORTUL NEURONAL Transport anterograd rapid microtubuli - TUBULINA blocare colchicină pentru mediatori, vezicule, organite ATP independent de PA lent neurofibrile transport proteine, Ca++, glucoză Transport retrograd reglarea sintezei de proteine transport de virusuri neurotrope dineină
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PROPRIETĂŢILE NEURONULUI
EXCITABILITATEA
CONDUCTIBILITATEA
DEGENERESCENŢA ŞI REGENERAREA
ACTIVITATEA SINAPTICĂ
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EXCITABILITATEA
Potenţialul de repaus
- 70 mV
Factori
transportul activ de Na+ şi K+
difuziunea ionilor prin membrană
echilibrul Donnan
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POTENTIALUL DE REPAUS
http://www.millersv.edu/~bio375/CELL/membrane/membrane.htm
Potentialul de echilibru – formula lui Nernst
E=RT/F x log conc intracel / conc extracel
Potentialul de echilibru pentru K+ (- 94 mV), Na+ (+61 mV)
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POTENŢIALUL DE REPAUS
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/ExcitableCells.html
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POTENTIALUL DE REPAUS
http://ifcsun1.ifisiol.unam.mx/Brain/mempot.htm
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POTENŢIALUL DE ACŢIUNE
DEFINIŢIE
DEPOLARIZARE
POTENŢIAL DE VÎRF
REPOLARIZARE
POSTDEPOLARIZARE
POSTHIPERPOLARIZARE
William F. Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology, 2003
William F. Ganong Review of Medical physiology
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POTENŢIALUL DE ACŢIUNE
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POTENŢIALUL DE ACŢIUNE
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/ap.html
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POTENŢIALUL DE ACŢIUNE
CANALE DE SODIU
comandate electric
comandate de liganzi
(mediatori, proteine)
blocate de procaina,
cocaina, lidocaina
rolul Ca++
CANALE DE POTASIU
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POTENŢIALUL DE ACŢIUNE
VARIAŢIILE EXCITABILITĂŢII
acomodare
perioada refractară absolută şi relativă
parabioză
MĂSURAREA EXCITABILITĂŢII ŢESUTURILOR
reobaza
timpul util
cronaxia
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CONDUCTIBILITATEA
FIBRE AMIELINICE
FIBRE MIELINICE
LEGILE CONDUCTIBILITĂŢIIFibre mielinice
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/ExcitableCells.html
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CONDUCTIBILITATEAFIBRE AMIELINICE SI MIELINICE
William F. Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology, 2003
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DEGENERAREA ŞI REGENERAREA
DEGENERARE
anterogradă – la 24h după secţionare
retrogradă – modificări degenerative şi regenerative
REGENERAREA
nu are loc fără teacă Schwann
neurom
factori de creştere – NGF, BDNF, neurotrofina 3
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DEGENERAREA ŞI REGENERAREA
William F. Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology, 2003William F. Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology, 2003
William F. Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology , 2003
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TRANSMITEREA SINAPTICA
Sinapsa - clasificare
Structură
membrană presinaptică
fantă sinaptică – 20 nm
membrană postsinaptică
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NEUROTRANSMIŢĂTORI
Acetilcolina
Amine biogene – CA (NA, A, dopamina), SER, HIS
AA – excitatori (glutamat, aspartat) si inhibitori (GABA, glicina)
Neuropeptide – opioizi endogeni (endorfine, encefaline, dinostina), substanta P, neuropeptid Y, CCK, somatostatina, VIP
Purinele – ATP, ADP, AMP, adenozina
alte molecule – gazele (NO, CO), steroizii (aldosteron, cortizol), PG, INF, IL
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SINAPSA Funcţionare
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SINAPSA
PPSE PPSI
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/ExcitableCells.html
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SUMAŢIE SPAŢIALĂ
http://www.biologymad.com/NervousSystem/synapses.
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INHIBIŢIA PRE ŞI POSTSINAPTICĂ
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SINAPSA Proprietatile transmiterii sinaptice conducere unidirectionala
intirzierea sinaptica
oboseala sinaptica
facilitare posttetanica
vulnerabilitatea la hipoxie si medicamente
sumare temporala si spatiala
fenomenul de convergenta si divergenta
fenomenul de postdescarcare
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PLACA MOTORIE structură
funcţie
particularităţi
funcţionale
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PLACA MOTORIE
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TRANSMITEREA NEUROMUSCULARĂ
influenţată de
TOXINA BOTULINICĂ - elib. Accol CURARA, DECAMETONIU – R postsinaptici SUCCINILCOLINA - aceticolinomimetica FIZIOSTIGMINA, NEOSTIGMINA, AMBENONIU, COMPUŞI ORGANO-FOSFORAŢI - colinesteraza
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RECEPTORII
definiţie clasificare după localizare exteroreceptori (telereceptori, receptori de contact, proprioceptori, visceroreceptori) interoreceptori
clasificare după forma de energie mecanoreceptori (tactili, auditivi, baroreceptori, fusurile neuromusculare) termoreceptori receptori elecromagnetici chemoreceptori osmoreceptori algoreceptori
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RECEPTORII codificarea informaţiei la nivelul receptorului receptorii senzoriali raspund la un singur tip de stimuli – stimuli adecvaţi adaptarea receptorilor receptori fazici receptori tonici potenţial de receptor
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Potentiale locale şi de acţiune
Potenţial de receptor
Potenţial postsinaptic
Potenţial de actiune
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ARC REFLEX VEGETATIV
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MUŞCHII STRIAŢI SCHELETICI
FIZIOLOGIE
FILIP ADRIANA
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CUPRINS
STRUCTURĂ CONTRACŢIA MUSCULARĂ EFECTE MECANICE ALE CONTRACŢIEI SURSE DE ENERGIE ÎN MUŞCHI DENERVAREA MUŞCHIULUI STRIAT OBOSEALA MUSCULARĂ EMG
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MUŞCHII STRIAŢI SCHELETICI
fibre musculare striate
sarcolemă
sarcoplasmă
nuclei
miofibrile
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ORGANITE CELULARE
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SARCOMERUL MO
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SARCOMERUL ME
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PROTEINELE MUSCULARE
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MECANISMUL CONTRACTIEI MUSCULARE
FAZE
fixarea ATP pe capătul globular al punţii
scindarea ATP
cuplarea actinei cu capătul globular al punţii
bascularea punţii
încărcarea punţii
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CONTRACŢIA MUSCULARĂ
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SURSE DE ENERGIE ÎN MUŞCHI
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SURSE DE ENERGIE ÎN MUŞCHI
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SURSE DE ENERGIE ÎN MUŞCHI
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DENERVAREA MUŞCHIULUI SCHELETIC
FASCICULAŢIE MUSCULARĂ FIBRILAŢIE MUSCULARĂ ATROFIE MUSCULARĂ
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EFECTE MECANICEALE CONTRACŢIEI
MUSCULARE
SECUSA MUSCULARĂ
TETANOS INCOMPLET
TETANOS COMPLET
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EMG EMG ELEMENTARĂ EMG GLOBALĂ
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EMG FASCICULAŢIILE MUSCULARE FIBRILAŢIILE MUSCULARE
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OBOSEALA
OBOSEALA CENTRALĂ OBOSEALA DE TRANSMISIE OBOSEALA MUSCULARĂ dispariţia glicogenului creşterea acidului lactic scăderea ATP, CK, K+
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MUŞCHIUL NETED
STRUCTURĂ TIPURI DE FIBRE MUSCULARE NETEDE STIMULI CE INIŢIAZĂ CONTRACŢIA MECANISMUL CONTRACŢIEI
MUSCULARE
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MUŞCHI NETED
STRUCTURĂ fibre musculare netede COMPOZIŢIE actină miozină tropomiozină fără sarcomere fără tuburi T
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TIPURI MULTIUNIT SINGLE UNIT
MUŞCHI NETED
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MUŞCHI NETEDMULTIUNIT
joncţiuni de contact
joncţiuni difuze
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MUŞCHI NETED
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MUŞCHI NETEDVISCERAL
CONTRACŢIE GENERAREA DE AUTOIMPULSURI DETERMINATĂ DE ÎNTINDERE STIMULI HORMONALI INERVAŢIE FACTORI LOCALI
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MUŞCHI NETEDVISCERAL
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