Tehnik Pengambilan Keputusan di Kapal

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1 Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis Disusun oleh: Capt. Suzdayan M.M.Tr., M.Mar (2021) TEHNIK PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN di KAPAL Penerapan membuat keputusan kritis di laut dalam situasi darurat dan situasi krisis Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan 1. Studi Kasus – Costa Concordia To help understand critical decision making better, it may be useful to see where decision making mistakes have been made in the past. A recent, well-known example is the ‘Costa Concordiadisaster. This incident happened in 2012, when the cruise ship hit a rock near an island off the coast of Tuscany, causing the vessel to capsize and resulting in the tragic death of 32 passengers and crew. In the following investigation, the captain was declared responsible for the accident, and was imprisoned after being charged with manslaughter.

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Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan 1. Studi Kasus – Costa Concordia 2. Membuat keputusan kritis di laut 3. Situasi darurat dan situasi krisis 4. LEADER: Minimum skills for handling Crisis Situations

Transcript of Tehnik Pengambilan Keputusan di Kapal

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Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis

Disusun oleh:Capt. Suzdayan M.M.Tr., M.Mar(2021)

TEHNIK PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN di KAPALPenerapan membuat keputusan kritis di laut dalam situasi darurat dan situasi krisis

Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan1. Studi Kasus – Costa Concordia

• To help understand critical decision making better, it may be useful to see where decision making mistakes have been made in the past. A recent, well-known example is the ‘Costa Concordia’ disaster.

• This incident happened in 2012, when the cruise ship hit a rock near an island off the coast of Tuscany, causing the vessel to capsize and resulting in the tragic death of 32 passengers and crew. In the following investigation, the captain was declared responsible for the accident, and was imprisoned after being charged with manslaughter.

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Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan1. Studi Kasus – Costa Concordia

• The captain made several decision making errors that could have been avoided. Reportedly, he:

1. required no concrete handover by the chief mate, despite arriving on the bridge later than planned and without time for his eyes to adapt to the dark conditions on the bridge.

2. had turned off the alarm for the navigation system, having confidence in himself to guide the ship.

3. misjudged the distance of the ship to the reef and realized his mistake too late.4. had not ensured the correct scale of paper chart for close water navigation was

onboard which would have provided a more accurate assessment of the hazards to navigation.

5. had forgotten his reading glasses, so the officer had to interpret the radar for him.6. brought onto the bridge a partner, along with the manager of the ship’s restaurant.7. maintained an inappropriate speed of approach in darkness.

Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan1. Studi Kasus – Costa Concordia

• Each of these mistakes would have distracted the captain’s focus and, although each individual element may seem understandable (and even familiar to experienced seafarers), added together they led to the disaster.

Consequences are• The total cost of the accident, alongside the loss of 32 lives, was $2

billion, including passenger compensation, the rescue operation, and towing and disposal of the wreck

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Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan2. Membuat keputusan kritis di laut

Working in a team brings many advantages such as spare capacity, diverse perspectives and

safety, BUT Working in team brings CHALLENGES, which can impair the decision

making process.

Therefore, it is important to be aware of the different components of our team to ensure the best performance.

Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan2. Membuat keputusan kritis di laut

Keterampilan Non-Teknis dalam Menangani Situasi Krisis:

1. Leadership & Management2. Team Work And Cooperation3. Problem Solving Ability And Decision Making4. Situation Awareness, Situation Control

Setiap pemimpin harus memahami non-technical skills in handling crisis situation

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Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan2. Membuat keputusan kritis di laut

Kualitas Kepemimpinan bergantung pada kemauan yang kuat, kepercayaan diri dan ketegasan.Seorang pemimpin yang tepat harus mampu menyelesaikan

konflik secara efisien dan berhasil.Koordinasi dan kerja tim bergantung pada dukungan rekan tim

dan komunikasi yang terbuka dan efisien. Ini sebenarnya adalah keterampilan interpersonal. Seorang pemimpin harus menciptakan suasana yang mendorong

komunikasi kelompok.

Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan2. Membuat keputusan kritis di laut

Seseorang yang bertugas mengelola situasi krisis harus memiliki karakteristik yang kontradiktif. Dia harus berpikiran terbuka dan skeptis secara

bersamaan untuk mengevaluasi solusi apa pun untuk situasi krisis yang muncul di benaknya

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Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan2. Membuat keputusan kritis di laut

LANGKAH EFEKTIF MENGAMBIL KEPUTUSAN 1. IDENTIFIKASI KEPUTUSAN2. KUMPULKAN INFORMASI3. IDENTIFIKASI ALERNATIF4. PERTIMBANGKAN BUKTI5. PILIH ALERNATIF6. LAKUKAN TINDAKAN7. TINJAU KEPUTUSAN

Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan3. Situasi darurat dan situasi krisis

Banyak perusahaan pelayaran mengalami peristiwa yang berdampak negatif pada reputasi dalam industri pelayaran, seperti bagaimana karyawan memahami dunia industri pelayaran, tentang potensi bahaya yang dapat membawa dampak bencana. Mengapa ini terjadi? Mungkin, karena strategi komunikasi krisis

(Crisis Communication) yang tidak tersedia, atau karena pembuat keputusan tidak memberikan perhatian yang dibutuhkan; dengan kata lain, ini adalah akibat dari kegagalan manajemen krisis (Crisis Management)

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Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan KeputusanSituasi Darurat VS Situasi Krisis

• Situasi krisis (Crisis Situation) adalah situasi yang dihadapi oleh seseorang atau organisasi yang tidak bisa diatasi menggunakan prosedur rutin normal dan dimana stress akibat oleh perubahan mendadak.

• Keadaan darurat (Emergency Situation) adalah suatu peristiwa yang dapat ditangani dengan menggunakan sumber daya dan prosedur yang tersedia, ini menyiratkan bahwa tidak perlu meminta bantuan dari pihak eksternal

Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan3. Situasi darurat dan situasi krisis

Pentingnya Krisis Komunikasi (Communication Crisis)• Strategi krisis komunikasi yaitu bertujuan untuk mengetahui

bagaimana tanggapan (respon) orang, pikiran dan yang dirasakan terhadap situasi.

• Proses krisis komunikasi bisa digambarkan sbb:1. Diskusikan dengan Staff apa masalahnya yang dihadapi;2. Jangan menyalahkan secara personal;3. Dorong komunikasi yang efektif di area kerja selama situasi darurat;4. Berikan tanggapan dengan cepat dan efektif selama situasi belum stabil;5. Pastikan informasi dijaga confidential;6. Evaluasi kinerja staff secara regular.

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Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan Keputusan3. Situasi darurat dan situasi krisis

• Industri pelayaran terancam oleh berbagai konsep krisis yang berpotensi ditimbulkan:

1. cyber security incidents2. piracy incidents3. serious accidents (i.e collisions/ oil spills) & fatalities.4. maritime trading systems’ failures5. economic problems or even bankruptcy incidents etc.

Pengetahuan dan Pengambilan KeputusanResources Management Skills

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1. Ability to distinguish between emergency situation and crisis situation

2. Ability to recognize the problem and priorities3. Recognize all available resources for managing crisis4. Recognize that the decisions are based on incomplete and

probably wrong information5. Ability to anticipate the consequences of the decisions6. Ability to supervise and monitor the situation7. Ability to change the decisions in short time, considering the

observation of the situation

LEADER: Minimum skills for handling Crisis Situations

TIPS ON LEADERSHIP IN CRISIS SITUATION

1. Coordination and team work relies on supporting teammates and creation of open and efficient communication. These are in fact interpersonal skills.

2. A leader must provide an atmosphere which encourages group communication.

3. Decision making relies on problem identification, recognition of solutions and options, assessing all solutions and options, understanding risks involved and finally reaching the best decision.

4. However, decision making is the process of reaching a decision based on adequate judgments.