Teaching Chinese: Fill the bucket or light the fire?
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Transcript of Teaching Chinese: Fill the bucket or light the fire?
Fill the bucketor
light the fire?
启发式学习填鸭式学习
Fill the bucket
content
teacher focus
knowledge
student dependenc
e
everyone learns the same
content and the same way知识
学生过度依赖 老师专注的 内容
大家学习一样的方法一样的内容
Light the fire
applying knowledge
student focus
student independen
cecontent and
learning style are adjusted to the student’s needs
知识和应用
学生独立学习 学生专注的
依学生的需求调整学习的内容和方式
What’s wrong with filling the bucket?
Teacher-centered classroom
Passive learners
No Learning Autonomy
没有学习自主权
Cookie cutter approach to teaching Chinese
千篇一律的中文教学方法
把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把把
Filling the Bucket
Chinese Warm Up Song
把手举起来 bǎ shǒu jǔ qǐlái
Raise your hands
把 手 拍一拍 bǎ shǒu pāi yī pāi
Clap your hands
蹲 下 去 dūn xià qù
Squat down
站 起 来 zhàn qǐ lái
Stand up
摇 摇 头 yáo yáo tóu
Shake your head
摆一摆 bǎi yī bǎi
Sway
“Give a person a fish and he/she
will eat for a day.
Teach a person to fish and
he/she will eat for a lifetime.”
授人于鱼不如授之于渔 - 孔子
Filling the bucket
All students complete the same activities
Whole class teaching
Students are grouped together
Similar teaching strategies
Assume students have little or noknowledge
Learning goals are all the same
Reteaching gives more content usingthe same strategies
Assessment is at the end of a unit
Students are assessed in the same way
Lighting the fire
启发式学习
Students are given a choice of activities
Whole class, small groups, partners, individual
Group students according to interestsand needs
A variety of teaching strategies
Use pre-assessment before starting a unit
Learning goals are adjusted according to needs to students
Reteaching gives more depth of content and uses different strategies
Ongoing assessment to check learning
Students use different ways to demonstrate learning
Students are given a choice of activities
Tips and tricks for remembering Chinese
characters
Change is
coming
“Give a person a fish and he/she
will eat for a day.
Teach a person to fish and
he/she will eat for a lifetime.”
授人于鱼不如授之于渔 - 孔子
高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高 高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高高
Brain was disengaged
No Learning Autonomy
没有学习自主权
No Understanding
不理解
Do your students THINK
about Chinese characters?
多说
多
多听
了解
Students need to have that “Ah-ah” moment
我明白了
The traditional way
Copy Write over and over Dictation Test Often Failure
教中国字的传统方式
模仿 / 复制,一遍一遍的写,听写,测试,失败
That’s the way we have always
done it!这就是我们一直做事的方法
Brain Activation in the Processing of ChineseCharacters and Words: A Functional MRI Study
Li Hai Tan,1* John A. Spinks,1 Jia-Hong Gao,2 Ho-Ling Liu,2Charles A. Perfetti,3 Jinhu Xiong,2 Kathryn A. Stofer,
• ‘Our results indicate that both the left and the right hemisphere were engaged during the processing of Chinese single-character and two-character words. The left frontal regions were much more strongly activated than the right frontal regions, demonstrating left hemispheric dominance in the frontal lobe.’
The results found that a chunking mechanism underlies the perception of Chinese characters so learners tend to organize information into chunks to reduce processing
load.
The Role of Learning Experience on the perceptual organization of
Chinese charactersWenliang Chen
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kyoto, Japan
A Neural Network Model for Visual Perceptual Learning
Jiawei Chen, Liujun Chen, Yan Li - Beijing Normal University
Beginner learners use global strategies to identify characters. Beginners try to set up a relationship between the characters with some pictures that already exist in the brain.
For learners at the Intermediate and Advanced level, the radicals play a more important role in the process of perception.
Chinese characters can be perceived by two basic modes:
Global to local (global perception) and
Local to global (local perception)
Local perception is more efficient than global perception
Students are ACTIVE Learners
of Chinese
characters
The SECRET of Chinese
characters.
STAGE 1: Suspended all learning of textbook characters
“ 给一个人一条鱼,他吃了一天 .”
“Give a person a fish, he/she will eat for a day.”
“ 教人以渔,他能养活自己的生命 .”
孔子
STAGE 1: Suspended all learning of textbook characters
“Teach a person to fish and he/she will have enough for a life-time.”
STAGE 1: The space
在空间上中国字的表现
Students need practice in sorting characters
into parts
你 好 明
Left Right
练习把字分成几个部分
Top
家
Bottom
金 每
Over / Under
成 每
Outside Inside
回 因国
Balloon Stampede Game
http://www.curriki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Coll_currcorp/Crackingthecode
Sorting characters
STAGE 2: The Building Blocks
建筑积木或者中文偏旁部首
Give students the keys that unlock characters!
给学生去解锁 / 理解中国字的钥匙
Make Students INSIDERS of Chinese characters
What does this look like in the classroom?
• From Day 1, students are engaged in exploring characters using radicals.
• Radicals are what unlock characters
• Radicals provide ‘hooks’ for memory
Training the brain to see patterns and connections.
训练一种能发现模式和联系的思维方式
lid
mouth
border
Give English names to the Building Blocks
Nurture autonomous learning
Teacher-ledStudent learning
天然的自主学习
Teach clusters /components
-Allows guessing-Cues for memory-Dictionary use-Organizes information in the brain
Explore characters in clusters
Students need to explore characters
学生应该探索中国字
Dragon Temple Game
http://www.curriki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Coll_currcorp/Crackingthecode
Do your students have the keys to understanding characters?
My School - New words
Go 去 Classroom 教 室 Office 办公室 Sports field 运动场 Library 图书馆 Assembly hall 礼堂 Dining hall 食堂 Toilet 洗手间
My School - New words
Go 去 : 土 , 厶 earth / private
Classroom 教 室 : 孝 , 攵 obedience /
Office 办公室 : 力 , 八 , 八 , 厶 , 宀 , 至 Sports field 运动场 : 辶 , 云 , 云 , 力 ,
Library 图书馆 : 囗 , 冬 , 饣 , 官 Assembly hall 礼堂 : 龸 , 口 , 土Dining hall 食堂 : 食 , 龸 , 口 , 土Toilet 洗手间 : 氵 , 先 , 手 , 门 , 日
http://hanzijs.com/
Students need to classify
characters
口口 吃 喝 唱 嘴哭
Students need to compare
characters
Students need to organize characters
Students need to connect characters to visual memory
学生应该将中国字和虚拟的记忆联系起来
The Good news is…
Building Blocks
Meaning
Connections
Context
Teach Characters in context
在上下文的环境里教中国字
Brain seeks connections, context and meaning!
Avoid teaching
VocabularyGrammarSentence structures
in isolation!
Teach Characters in Context
Provide Memory Cues
Encourage imagination and ‘picture seeing’
Rainbow Writing
彩虹写
Look, Cover, Write, Check
Word Walls
Harness the power of technologyin your Chinese language
classroom
Apps for Learning Chinese
http://www.creativechinese.com/2011/09/25/ipads-and-ipods-in-the-chinese-classroom/
1. Sorting Characters - space
2. Building Blocks3. Clusters and chunks
4. Visual memory5. Technology
The SECRETS of Chinese
characters.
Are your learners engaged
in learning Chinese
characters?
Are your students autonomous learners
of Chinese characters?
部首
Let students write!
让学生写
1. Writing Journals
写日记
3. Meaningful Writing
有意义的写作
What does your writing program look like?
Mechanics of WritingCharacter writing on gridsRadicals / Stroke order
Formula WritingCopy sentencesPrepared writing tasks
Let the students write!
My opinions 我的意见
My feelings 我的感情My suggestions 我的建议
Mechanics of WritingCharacter writing on gridsRadicals / Stroke order
Formula WritingCopy sentencesPrepared writing tasks
My thinking 我的想法
What does your writing program look like?
Remembering Characters
(Saturday session)
Modelled Writing
(Teacher generated model writing)
Writing for a Purpose
(Student generated writing)
I feel that....
I enjoy....
I wish....
I hope....
My opinion is....
the fence
Purpose of writing is to.....
communicatet
explain
Opinions Ideas Suggestions Recommendations
Formula Writing Express myself!
I hope there is a new series of Dr. Who.
I think Britain’s Got Talent is the greatest!
I especially like watching music videos, because I want to learn to play the guitar.
Do you encourage students to express themselves?
Expressing my opinion matters..
I think...
I feel...
I wish...
I hope...
My opinion is...
Why use a Chinese Journal?
为什么写中文日记 ?
• Opinions and Ideas• S.T.P.V.O• Express THEIR
opinion, not the teachers
• Natural writing that is owned by students
• Learning of new vocabulary
• Differentiation - Weaker students can excel
• Provides Feedback• Frequency of writing
increases• Reflect on learning• Record of writing
progress• Breaks down fear of
writing / using correct characters etc.,
• Emphasizes PROCESS of writing
Chinese Journals
1. Three times a week, you will write an entry inyour 日记 . You can use 英文 and 中文 to start with.
2. The Journal is where you will write your thoughts, opinions, and likes/dislikes about anything. You may also illustrate your journal.
3. Every Friday, I will collect your Journals and give you feedback about your writing.
写作是一个过程,并允许学生犯错误!
Writing is a process, and students are
permitted to make
mistakes!
My Word Bank
• store new words• expand vocabulary
• easy to refer to..
• customized to each individual student
Word Bank 字银行
Learning Map
There’s a Celebrity in my Journal Week
What does he look like?
他是什么样子的?What do you like about him?
关于他你喜欢他什么?What don’t you like about him?
关于他你不喜欢他什么 ?
What kind of person is he?
他是什么样的人呢 ?
What does he do best?
他 ( 是 ) 做什么最好?
在周记里有名人(学生在他们的日记里写一个名人 . )
Word Order 句子中的词序
S.T. P.V.O我
星期一
在学校
踢
足球I
Monday
at school
kicked
football
Tenses 过去,现在和将来时态
• Past
• Present
• Future
我现在 .......
我以前 .......
我将去 .......
我周末打算 ......
Writing is a Process.
Experimenting and
Mistakes are central to the writing
Process.
You are a blogger for a website about what it’s like to be a teenager in the UK
My interestsFriends Introduction
of self
DifficultiesHopes for thefuture
1. Generate ideas 产生想法
You are on work experience in a Health Club and need to write a web page
51
Benefits of regular exerciseDay and time
of classes
List availableclasses
Getting fitImportance of keeping healthy
1. Generate ideas
You are writing to a Chinese e-pal about your Easter break.
What you did with friends?
Explain Easter break
What did youdo at home?
A boring day?Plans for the weekend?
1. Generate ideas
STEP 1: Generate ideas in English想一想
Write a Blog about where you live.
The type of house do you live in-house/flat?-like/dislike your house? Why?-compare your house with housing in China?-how long lived there?
Describe the place you live-what your city/town is like?-what is there for young people to do?-what you like about it / dislike? Why?
Events where you live-Tourist attractions?-What is there to do in summer? winter?-Festivals? / celebrations?
Where you want to live in the future-Type of area you would like to live in?-What would be there for you?-Why?
STEP 2: Organize content (Chinese)组织内容
STEP 3:Write a first draft
写初稿
Do you show students what GOOD writing looks like?
你能不能示范给学生看良好的写作像什么样子?
Why should I write?
3. Meaningful Writing
Create authentic reasons for writing!
Letter-writingLabels
Notes and Messages
Journal
What to write?
Writing Genres• Journal Entries• Personal Letter• Greeting Card• Schedule/Things to Do List• Inner Monologue Representing Internal Conflicts• Classified or Personal Ads• Personal Essay or Philosophical Questions• Top Ten List/Glossary or Dictionary• Poetry• Song Lyrics• Autobiographical Essay• Contest Entry Application• Business Letter or Correspondence/Persuasive or
Advocacy Letter• Biographical Summary• Critique of a Published Source• Speech or Debate• Historical Times Context Essay• Textbook Article• Science Article or Report/Business Article or Report• Lesson Plan• Encyclopedia Article• Short Scene from a Play with Notes for Stage
Directions• Short Scene from a Movie with Notes for Camera
Shots• Dialogue of a Conversation among Two or More
People• Short Story• Adventure Magazine Story• Ghost Story• Myth, Tall Tale, or Fairy Tale• Talk Show Interview or Panel• Recipe and Description of Traditional Holiday Events• Classroom Discussion• Character Analysis or Case Study• Comedy Routine or Parody• Liner Notes
• Picture book• Chart or Diagram with Explanation and Analysis• Brochure or Newsletter• Time Line or Chain of Events• Map with Explanation and Analysis• Magazine or TV Advertisement or Infomercial• Restaurant Description and Menu• Travel Brochure Description• How-To or Directions Booklet• Receipts, Applications, Deeds, Budgets or Other Documents• Wedding, Graduation or Special Event Invitation• Birth Certificate• Local News Report• Pop-Up book• Review and Poster for a Movie, Book, or TV Program• Board Game or Trivial Pursuit with Answers and Rules• Comic Strip or Graphic Novel excerpt• Power Point Presentation• Informational Video• Web Site• Future News Story• Letter to the Editor• Newspaper or Magazine Feature/Human Interest Story• Obituary, Eulogy or Tribute• News Program Story or Announcement• Tabloid Article
Vary the types of writing you assign to students
Who is the audience?
What is the purpose of writing?
What writing products will they create?
Writing from Day 1
Support writing for meaning
Encourage use of characters
Allow feedback for learning
从第一天开始,让学生用中文写东西。
Adopt an Egg Project
Decorate an egg
Write a description of egg in Chinese
Introduce Adopted egg to class
Create an ID for Adopted Egg
Record daily activities of Adopted egg
What did we learn?Descriptions, parts of body, family, colours, dates, days of the week, numbers, nationalities, likes/dislikes, daily routine, S.T.V.P.O
Adopt an Egg Project• Today you will receive your egg.
•今天你收到一个鸡蛋。
• You will take it home and decorate it.
• 你要把这个鸡蛋带回家 。画眼睛,头发,鼻子 etc.,
• You will care for your egg and write a weekly diary about the adventures of your egg using the S.T.V.O. rule.
• 这个鸡蛋是你领养的。每天要保护它。你也要写一个日记 ( 你的鸡蛋喜欢什么?它的日常生活是什么 ? )
Adopt an Animal Project