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Tbilisi
2012
Targmani, winaTqma
da boloTqma leri alimonakisa
mxatvari gogi wereTeli
teqnikuri redaqtori nino burduli
meoTxe gamocema, gamomcemloba `adapti“ 2012
`sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, 1983
`ganaTleba”, 1990
`xomli”, 1999
winaTqmac da boloTqmac amoRebulia
1983 wlis pirveli gamocemidan
ISBN 978-9941-9298-0-9
leri alimonaks gamorCeuli Rvawli miuZR vis
qarTuli mwerlobis winaSe.
man Tavisi daudgromeli moRvaweobiT daviwye -
bas gamostaca bolSevikuri reJimisgan dev nili XX
sa u kunis didi qarTveli poetis terenti granelis
saxeli, daRupvisgan ixsna misi wminda poezia. im
sastik wlebSi, rodesac saqarTveloSi jer kidev
totalitarizmi mZvinvarebda da satanis mstovrebi
poetis saxelis aRmofxvras cdi lob d nen, rodesac
granelis xse nebac ki saSiSad iTv le boda, leri
alimonakma Ta vi si SeupovrobiT SesZlo da ramden-
imejer gamosca po e tis daviwyebuli Tu manamde
gamouqveynebeli Txzulebani (1972, 1979, 1987, 1997),
mogonebaTa wigni poetze (1984), Tavisi cnobili
biografiul-eseistu ri romani `kviris wirvebi~
(1984, 1987, 1990), romelmac sayovelTao aRiareba
moipova qarTvel mkiTxvelSi.
cnobilia leri alimonakis mxatvrulad dat -
vifruli kritikul-eseisturi werilebi Tana med -
rove poeziaze (1974, 1979, 1991), saTeatro, samusiko
moRvaweebze (1970). gamokvleva qarTuli verlibris
genezissa da struqturaze (1974). gansakuTrebiT
unda aRiniSnos mis mier am bolo wlebSi gamoqveyneb-
uli memuaruli da publicisturi xasiaTis wignebi:
`granelis landi”, 1998; `sanTlis Suqze monaweri”,
2001. sagulisxmoa misi mravali satelevizio Tu
sagazeTo-sa Jur nalo interviuebi.
leri alimonakis kalams ekuTvnis leqsebis wig ni
`Jami siCumisa~ (1988), sadac mistikur Wril Si war-
modgenilia adamianis saniadago sa fiq rali sau ku -
nosa Tu sawuTroebaze, xilul yo fi e re basa Tu uxi -
lav aryofnaze, dabadebidan sik vdilSi gardac v lasa
da kvlavSobaze, am erTian maradiul wre b run va Si
dakargul sakuTar oreulTa aRmoCenaze, am da viw ye -
bul oreulTa gaxsenebaze, maT xsnaze, xved r ze.
leri alimonakma pirvelma Targmna qarTul
enaze Zveli induri filosofiur-religiuri Txzu -
leba, sakacobrio azrovnebis unikaluri Zegli
3
upaniSadebi (1984-1992), romelic 1995 wels gamoca
da romelic WeSmaritad Zvirfasi sa Cu qa ria uZ ve -
lesi religiuri kulturis mqone qa r Tveli xal -
xisTvis. manve Targmna leqsad bhagavat-gitas I da II
Tavebi (Jurn. `lit. da xelov. №4, 2006).
leri alimonakis romani `eliazaris dab ru neba~
(2007) xelovanis tragikul cxovrebas eZRvneba, rom-
lis saxeSic mkiTxvels SeuZlia amoikiTxos yvela im
didi mxatvris sulier-misti kuri cxovreba _ dawye-
buli niko firos ma naS vi liT da damTavrebuli pol
gogeniT, romlebmac faqtobrivad RvTaebrivs mar -
to obaSi galies da daasrules wuTisofeli. romanis
Zi re uli mxat v ruli ideologia, Teologiur mo ti -
veb Tan erTad, amiranis miTis WrilSia gamokveTili.
`dao de Zini~, Zveli Cinuri filosofiur-
religiuri Txzuleba, Sobili CineTSi ocdaeqvsi
saukunis winaT, kacTa modgmis sulier cxovrebaSi
saRmrTo gamocxadebad aRiarebuli, leri alimo -
nakma im wlebSi Targmna (1976-1982), rodesac cen-
zuris marwuxebi jer kidev xelT komunistur ruti-
nas epyra da gveleSapiviT gadafofreboda sa qar Tve -
lo Si yovelgvari humanisturi azrov ne bis aRor Zi -
ne bas. Tu ra Rirebulebisaa es sibrZnis wigni saka -
cob rio istoriaSi, amas erTi faqtic metyvelebs: Su -
a saukuneebSi, rodesac erT-erTma imperatorma
brZola gamoucxada daoizms da yvela daosuri wigni
cecxls misca, mxolod `dao de Zins~ ver Seexo,
rogorc wmidaTawmida wigns. es genialuri Txzu -
leba, vrceli gamokvleviTa da komentarebiT, pirve-
lad qarTulad 1983 wels ga mo ica, rasac mohyva 1990,
1999 wlebis gamocemebi. winamdebare gamocema meoTxe
gaxlavT. lao-Zis Txzuleba, RvTis SewevniT, ukve
didi xania Seiyvara qarTvelma mkiTxvelma. leri
alimonaks am TargmanisaTvis 1995 wels mieniWa didi
qar Tve li mTargmnelisa da sazogado moRvawis ivane
maCablis saxelobis erovnuli premia.
4
sibrZne, romelic ar berdebasibrZne, romelic ar berdeba
kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs:
simartoveSi unda ukudges.
kaci, saqmes rom aRasrulebs:
sofliur usasrulobas unda SeerTos.
ase brZana ocdaxuTi saukunis win Cinelma
brZenTabrZenma lao-Zim. brZana da gauCinarda.
miuboZa `dao de Zini~ kacobriobas, uzenaesi
siyvaruliTa da sikeTiT rom aRavsebda yovel
arsebas, da Tavad usasrulobas da daos gawyv-
diadebul da gasxivosnebul wiaRs daubrunda.
misi suli samyaros maradiul sulSi gaimqvra da
gardaicvala. man aRasrula is, rasac Tavisi
moZRvrebiT qadagebda. amitom gaamiTiures da
gaaRvTiures misi saxeli, xolo mis brZnul
wigns kacobriobis maradiuli saganZuri
uwodes.
*
lao-Zis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis xanad
Cinuri istoriografia aRmosavleT jous (VIII-
III ss. Zv. w.) epoqas asaxelebs. jous epoqa cno-
bilia samTavroebs Soris dausrulebeli ome -
biT, dar Rveuli saxelmwifoebriobiT. omebs
adgili hqoniaT adrec, inis epoqaSic, mag ram
jous epoqaSi isini momZlavrebula. gauTa ve be -
li omebi aRatakebda soflebs da qalaqebs, mat-
ulobda ajanyebulTa ricxvi, mdidrdebodnen
didebulni da mmarTvelni, xalxi ki mZime
uRelqveS gminavda. jous epoqa srul mRel -
varebas moecva. TavaSvebul vnebebs, sixarbesa
5
da pativmoyvareobas daepyro mTeli sazoga-
doeba. lao-Zis epoqaSi WeSmaritebisa da saT no -
e bis erTaderT sazomad Zalmomreoba iqca. me -
fe Ta da samefoTa karis cxovreba ki brwyinavda
da elvarebda. maT sasaxleebsa da simdidres
aTasobiT SeiaraRebuli jariskaci icavda, xo -
lo xelmwifeni musikiTa da mej li sebiT irTob -
d nen Tavs. Zveli zneoba ingreoda, axali ki jer
arsad Canda. `qveyana daiqca, swori gza gamrud-
da. kvlav moevlina qveyanas Wori, eresi, Zala -
doba, xelqveiTi xelmwifes klavs, xolo Svili
_ mamas~ (men-Zi).
magram amave epoqis wiaRSi Tavs iCens
udidesi politikuri da ekonomikuri Zvrebic.
igi xasiaTdeba Rrma da mniSvelovani cvli -
lebebiT socialur-ekonomikur da kulturul-
sulier sferoebSi. TandaTan qreba patara sam -
Tav roebi, Zlierdeba da RorZindeba didi, er -
Ti ani samefoebi. izrdeba mosaxleobisa da qa -
la qebis ricxvi. mkveTrma socialurma Zvrebma
niadagi moumzades gadamwyvet cvlilebebs
azrovnebis sferoSic. Zveli Cineli moazrov-
neni did cnobiswadils iCenen bunebis mov le na -
Ta SeswavlaSi. am safuZvelze aRmo cenebas
iwyebs didaqtika da racionalizmi, TandaTan
da vi wyebas eZleva miTologia da azrovnebis na -
tu ralisturi formebi. safuZveli eyreba fi -
losofiur azrovnebas. am epoqaSi ganviTarda
mwerloba. mmarTvelobis sadaveebi xelT igdo
ga naTlebulma aristokratiam, isini ganagebd-
nen mwerlobasac da mTel kulturasac. pirveli
aTas wleulis Sua xanebSi swored maT daiwyes
6
po litikuri, filosofiuri, miTo lo giur-re -
ligiuri, zneobriv-eTikuri sistemebis Camoya-
libeba. lao-Zi am epoqis RviZli Svili iyo da
cdi lobda adamianis darbeul sulSi aRedgina
is pirvelqmnili Segneba, rac diadi erTobis ka -
nons myarsa da Seuvals gaxdida, im diadi er To -
bis kanons, roca Temis wesrigsa da urTi erT -
Tan xmobas bunebiTobis principebi edo safuZv -
lad, roca arc mCagvrelni iyvnen da arc Cag -
rul ni. lao-Zis surda adamianSi aRed gina im
epo qaTa sulieri gamoZaxili, odes cisqveSeTSi
yvelaferi saerTo iyo da yoveli ves samar Tli -
a ni kanonebi ganagebda, odes ada mianTa Soris
di a di Tanxmoba da mSvidoba su fev da, odes
adamianebi mamaSvilurad epyrobodnen ara mxo -
lod sakuTar Svilebs, aramed sxvis Svilebsac,
odes mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis ki ar iRv wod -
nen, aramed sxvebis Tvisac, odes kars ar ketavd-
nen ara imitom, rom qurdoba da avazakoba ar
iyo, aramed imitom ar iyo qurdoba da avazakoba,
kars rom ar ketavdnen. amitom ar aRiZvreboda
boroti zraxvebi, amitom hqondaT moxucebs
TavSesafari, Cvil bavSvebs amitom wyalobdnen
gansakuTrebiT. iqneb am sinamdvilis anareklic
iyos lao-Zis Semdegi sityvebi: `rac metia ak -
rZal va: miT metia siRaribe. rac metia iaraRi:
miT metia amboxi. rac metia kanoni da brZaneba:
miT metia qurdi da avazaki~. amave TavSi ase
JRers lao-Zis damoZRvra: `me mSvidad var da:
xalxs Tavad eufleba samarTlianoba. me umo -
qme dod var da: xalxs Tavad eufleba keTil So -
bi le ba~. am epo qaSi yalibdeba ZiriTadi sa zo ga -
7
doeb riv-politikuri, filosofiur-religi u -
ri da mistikuri warmodgenebi, romlebmac gav -
lena moaxdines Cinuri filosofiuri azrov ne -
bis ganviTarebis mTels Semdegdro in del msv -
le lo baze. es warmodgenebi aRmoCnda is myari
safuZveli, razec aigo uzarmazari Senoba _ Ci -
nu ri mravalsau kunovani sulieri kulturisa.
jous epoqaSi yalibdeba calkeuli filo so fi -
u ri skolebi da iwereba saetapo mniSv ne lo bis
Txzulebebi. am dros daiwera Cinuri filo so -
fiuri azrov nebis iseTi Sedevrebi, rogoricaa
`dao de Zini~, `lun iui~, `mo-Zi~, `men-Zi~, `juan-
Zi~, `guan-Zi~, `li-Zi~. am periodSi gamovidnen
asparezze didi Cineli moazrovneebi: lao-Zi,
konfuci, mo-Zi, juan-Zi, men-Zi, siun-Zi, xan fei-
Zi. Cinuri tradiciis mixedviT, am periods
uwodeben `oqros xanas~. swored am xanaSi yalib-
deba Cinuri filosofiur-religiuri azrov ne -
bis ori iseTi didi moZRvreba, rogoricaa kon-
fucizmi da daoizmi. amave xanaSi ikidebs fexs
CineTSi Cinuri budizmi. am moZRvrebebma udi -
desi zegavlena moaxdines mTels Semdgom Cinur
kulturaze (poezia, musika, ferwera, kali g -
rafia). konfucizmi da daoizmi saxelmwifoeb -
riv religiad iqna gamocxadebuli ara marto
CineTSi, aramed mTels Cinur samyaroSi.
*
am filosofiur skolebs win uZRoda Cinuri
azrovnebis xangrZlivi da dauRalavi moR va we -
o ba, rac Tavis dasabams ZvelCinuri miTo lo gi -
u ri da mistikuri Tvalsazrisebidan iRebda.
8
Cinelebs aqvT Tavisi, yvelasagan gan sxva vebuli
gaazreba samyaros modelisa, yofierebis sis-
temisa, kosmiuri suraTisa. lao-Zis kosmolo-
gia uzogades xazebSi efuZneba Cinur kosmo -
logiur sistemas, magram mas raRac aspeqtebSi
Tavisi koreqtivebic Seaqvs. lao-Zi, rogorc
udidesi moZRvari da kanonmdebeli, swored
amis gamo gaaRvTiura da budas gverdiTac
swored amis gamo daayena Cinurma legendam.
im epoqaSi, roca `dao de Zini~ iqmneboda,
jer kidev Zlieri iyo ZvelCinuri religiur-
mis tikuri da miTologiuri warmodgenebi. isini,
TavianTi paradoqsuli bunebis gamo, did gamo -
Za xils poulobdnen lao-Zis, konfucis, mo-Zis,
juan-Zisa da sxvaTa naazrevSi. erTi aseTi misti -
ku ri moZRvreba, romelic jer kidev inar Cu neb -
da Tavis Zalas axal filosofiaSi, _ igu lis x -
meba jous epoqis aRorZinebuli filo so fiuri
skolebi, _ iyo moZRvreba cis meufebis Sesaxeb.
cis kults upirvelesi adgili eWira Cinur
warmodgenaSi. konfucim mas gansa kuTrebuli
adgili miuCina Tavis moZRvrebaSi. konfu cis T -
vis ca iyo umaRlesi arseba, rasac gaaCnia Zala
da goneba da ganagebs adamianTa cxovrebas. igi
ac xadebda: ̀ vinc cas Sescodavs, mas ar aqvs loc -
vis ufleba~. keTilSobili kaci cis Zalas un da
morCilebdes. `vinc beds ar aRiarebs, ver mi viC -
nevT keTilSobil kacad~. igi eTayvaneboda cas
rogorc mwyalobelsac da rogorc mkacr, er Ti -
ansa da zebunebriv mbrZanebelsac. konfucis ca
gansazRvravs adamianis adgils sazoga do ebaSi,
ajildoebs da sjis mas. cis Zis anu xelmwifis
9
uzenaesi Zalaufleba RvTiuria da mxolod is
gansazRvravs xalxisa da cisqve SeTis beds. ca,
umaRlesi arseba, awesrigebs miwier cxovrebas,
war mougzavnis Zalauflebas xelmwifes da
Tvals adevnebs mis moRvaweobas. Tu man cis gzas
gadauxvia, igi warmougzavnis mas stiqiur
ubedurebas da amiT Cadenil codvebs Seaxsenebs.
Zve li Cinelebi cas bedisa da bedisweris simbo -
lo dac miiCnevdnen. cas miewereboda yoveli ar -
sis warmomSobi pirvel mi zezis Semcveli cneba,
mas mTeli samyaros, mTeli bunebis sinonimadac
mi iCnevdnen. swored aqedan warmodgeba cneba
ti ansia anu cis qve SeTi, rac mTeli qvey nie re -
bis, kerZod ki _ CineTis saxelmwifos sino nimad
aRiniSneboda. ca aris `mbrZanebeli da meufe
qvey nierebisa~. is aris qmediTi, moRvawe Zala
sam yarouli yofierebisa, ris gareSec miwis
dasabami umoqmedoa da uZravi. amitom aris, rom
CinelTaTvis RvTaebad, meufed miCneulia ca.
igi aris umaRlesi arseba samyarosi. xiluli ca
ki simboloa im uxilavi cisa, rasac Cinelebi
RvTaebad, anu umaRles arsebad warmoidgenen.
ca arasaxieria da warmoadgens pirvelsaxes anu
gansaxierebas samyaros maradiul, ucvlel wes-
rigs. igi auxsneli Zalaa, rasac emorCileba sam-
yaros arsebobis msvleloba, is gamouTqmelia
da mizezia samyaros wrebrunviTi moZraobisa.
*
rogorc sinologebi varaudoben, CineTSi
daoizmi unda aRmocenebuliyo `dao de Zinis~
Seqmnamde. es ki imas niSnavs, rom am Txzulebis
10
Seqmnas win uZRoda xangrZlivi ganviTareba
filosofiuri azrovnebisa. moZRvreba daos Se -
saxeb CineTSi maSin Seiqmna, roca religia da fi -
lo sofia erTiani da ganuyofeli iyo. am moZ Rv -
rebaSi filosofia emorCileba religias, xolo
gansja _ rwmenas. daoizmi religiuri filo so -
fia, anu filosofiuri religiaa. am moZRv re ba -
Si religiuri WeSmariteba daos mis tikur aRi a -
rebaSi Zevs, xolo filosofiuri WeSmariteba _
mis eTikur aRiarebaSi.
daoizmi, konfucizmTan erTad, umTav res
religiur saxelmwifoebriv moZRvrebad iqca
CineTSi. daoizmi da konfucizmi TiTqmis erT
dros aRmocendnen Zv. w. pirveli aTas wle u lis
Sua saukuneebSi. am moZRvrebis mimdevarni ilaS -
qreb dnen TavianTi Tanamedrove cxov rebis
gada gvarebul formaTa winaaRmdeg. anaTemas
ucxadebdnen gauTavebel omebsa da kacTa
kvlas, gamyidvelobasa da Ralats, cbierebasa
da muxanaTobas, pirmoTnobasa da zneobriv ga -
dag varebas. isini ukan _ `oqros saukunisaken~
imzirebodnen.
pirveli daosebi, socialur cxovrebas rom
garidebodnen da sakuTar TavSi eZiaT uzenaesi
RvTaeba, sazogadoebisagan gandgomas amjo bi -
nebdnen da am gziT gamoxatavdnen pasiur amboxs
arsebuli socialuri ukuRmarTobis wina aR -
mdeg. ase daedo dasabami asket-mwirTa insti-
tuts mTebSi, adamianTa sazogadoebisagan gan -
kerZoebiT. pirveli daosebi iq atarebdnen Ta -
vianT cxovrebas, mistikisa da siwmindis Sara -
vandediT garemosilni.
11
`dao de Zinia~ is Ziri da safuZveli, razec
aRmocenda daosuri religia da filosofia,
rac ager ocdaxuTi saukunea cocxlobs Ci neT -
Si. `albaT ar moiZebneba romelime aRiarebuli
religia, _ acxadebs duglasi, _ romelic iseT
patara saZirkvels efuZnebodes, rogorc `dao
de Zinia~. farTod gavrcelebuli daosuri li -
teratura da crurwmeniTi moZRvreba, sa dac
Tavs iyris mTeli Tanamedrove daoizmi, pir -
vel xanad Caisaxa gadmopirqvavebuli pira midis
msgavs cicqna wignSi~. am erT cicqna wignze
aSenda uzarmazari Senoba daosuri moZRv re -
bisa, ramac waruxoceli daRi daaCnia Cinur
sulier kulturas da misi yofis yvela sferos.
`...mTlianad wigni SeiZleba CaiTvalos mistiki -
sa da metafizikis nimuSad, xolo lao-Zi erT-
erT uzarmazar mistikosad kacobriobis is -
toriaSi~ (r. vilhelmi). CineTSi (da ara mxo lod
CineTSi) albaT arcerT wigns iseTi aRiareba da
popularoba ar rgebia wilad, rogorc `dao de
Zins~. amas aseTi faqtic metyvelebs: monRolTa
dinastiis xanaSi imperatori iuani avad ganewyo
daoizmisa da daosuri literaturisadmi. 1258
wels, xubilais TandaswrebiT, budistebsa da
daosebs Soris gaimarTa kamaTi centralur
aziaSi lao-Zis moRvaweobis nam dvilobis
Sesaxeb, rac daosuri tradiciiT iyo cnobili.
daosebi damarcxdnen, xua xu Zini dawves, xolo
1281 wels imperatoris brZanebiT dedaqalaqSi
Tavi mouyares mTels daosur wignebs, `dao de
Zinis~ gamoklebiT, da mis garda yvelaferi
cecxls misces.
12
`dao de Zinis~ Seqmnisa da misi avtorobis
sakiTxze uamravi azri da versia arsebobs. ro -
gorc TviT lao-Zis, ise `dao de Zinis~ biog ra -
fiac mistikiT aris moculi. erTni Tvlian, rom
lao-Zi gamogonili saxelia da rom `dao de Zini~
unda Seqmniliyo Zv.w. IV-III saukuneTa mijnaze
da unda SeedginaT igi legendidan mosuli
brZenis _ lao-Zis moZRvrebis mimdevrebs. me o -
re ni amtkiceben, rom lao-Zi istoriuli pi rov -
nebaa, cxovrobda Zv.w. VI-V saukuneTa mijnaze
da rom `dao de Zini~ misi Seqmnilia, xolo
Seiqmna igi _ erTi versiis mixedviT _ ian jus,
juan-Zis, Sen daos filosofiur Txzu lebaTa
daweris Semdeg. arsebobs azri, TiTqos lao-Zis
moZRvreba zepiri saxiT gavrcelebula, Semdeg
CauweriaT da SeudgeniaT mis mowa feebs da
uwodebiaT misTvis `lao-Zi~. `dao de Zinis~
rusul enaze mTargmnelis ian xin-Sunis
TvalsazrisiT, lao-Zi cxovrobda Zv.w. VI-V
saukuneTa mijnaze, mis moZRvrebas ki ukve V
saukuneSi hqonia didi aRiareba. `dao de Zini~
warmoadgens, _ ambobs igi, _ lao-Zis mim de var -
Ta da mowafeTa mier mis umTavres debulebaTa
gadmocemas.~ misi azriT, teqsti sabolood
CamouyalibebiaT Zv.w. IV saukuneSi. cnobili
frangi swavluli da mogzauri Jiuleni lao-Zis
dabadebis TariRad Zv.w. 604 w. asaxelebs. es
cnoba mas Cinuri apokrifuli wignebidan auRia.
es TariRia dasaxelebuli umTavresad yvelgan.
zogierTi dasavleTevropeli sinologi lao-
Zis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis drod Zv. w. mee-
qvse saukunes asaxelebs.
13
istorikos sima cians mohyavs sami sxvada -
sxva versia. pirvelis mixedviT lao-Zi gaigive-
bulia lao-danTan, konfucis moZRvarTan. meo-
res mixedviT lao-Zi gaigivebulia danTan,
romelic kon fucize adre cxovrobda da iyo
istoriog rafi. cnobil inglisel sinologs g.
jailzss daum tkicebia, rom stilis mixedviT
`dao de Zini~ ar unda ekuTvnodes im xanas, roca
lao-Zis cxovrebas adastureben. es Teoria
gauzia re bi aT sxvebsac, magram ara yvela pun-
qti. am azrs si no logebi ar miiCneven sabolood.
asea Tu ise, mTa vari mainc Txzulebis mniS v ne -
lo baa Cinuri da msoflio azrovnebis is to -
riaSi. amis Tao baze v. grube wignSi `CineTis
sulieri kultu ra~ wers: `albaT, arasodes mox-
erxdeba damakmayofileblad gadawydes sakiTxi,
marTla lao-Zis ekuTvnis Tu ara es wigni.
magram roca zogierTi sinologi ise Sors
mitopavs, rom mas gacilebiT gviandeli drois
Tamam SenaTxzad acxa debs, es kritikis uazro
sibejiTea, rac vera viTar saR da zomier gans-
jas ver uZlebs. visac ar unda mivakuTvnoT es
wigni, igi udaod yve laze Rrmaazrovan qmnile-
bas warmoadgens Ci nur filosofiaSi, xolo misi
avtori _ su ler Tia, lao-Zis saxels atarebda,
Tu raime sxvas _ SeiZleba SevracxoT yvelaze
origina lur da yvelaze TviTmyof, magram, imave
dros, yvelaze bundovan Cinel moazrovned~.
sino lo gi aSi mdidari literaturaa dagrovili
imis Se sa xeb, iyo Tu ara lao-Zi istoriuli
pirovneba. magram miuxedavad saintereso da
damajerebeli ar gumentebis simravlisa, aqamde
14
jer veravin daamtkica lao-Zis arsebobis faq -
ti, verc veravin uaryo igi. magram es rodia
arsebiTi, dRes CvenTvis arsebiTia erTi ram:
`dao de Zini~ ocdaxuTi saukunea arsebobs da
amdenive xania, rac legendam es wigni lao-Zis
saxels daukavSira. misi cxovreba naxevrad
mistikuri burusiT aris garemosili.
istorikos sima cianis mixedviT, brZeni ata -
rebda gvars li da saxels _ dan. `lao-Zi~ niS -
navs `moxuc filosofoss~. sikvdilis Semdeg
misTvis uwodebiaT `sen~ - grZelyura (vin icis,
iqneb imis gamoc, rom samyaros moZraobasa Tu
uZraobas smeniT aRbeWdili bgerebiT Wvretda).
cnobili Cineli mwerali da istorikosi go mo-
Jo wignSi `brinjaos saukune~ wers, rom cin-is
dinastiamde (221-220 ww. Zv. w.) aravin eWvobda,
lao-Zi rom saxel dans atarebda da rom is kon-
fucis moZRvari iyo. amis dasturad, ian xi-Su -
nis TqmiT, go mo-Jos mohyavs mTeli rigi cita -
tebi Zveli Cinuri Txzulebebidan: `juan-Zis~,
diui-Si Cun-ciusis matianedan, `xan fei-Zis~,
`li-Zis~ wignebidan, sadac konfucis mowafe
Zen-Zi oTxgzis ixseniebs Tavisi moZRvris naam-
bobs lao-ZisTan Sexvedris Sesaxeb.
erT-erTi gadmocemis mixedviT, lao-Zi
moRvaweobda saimperatoro karze, jous sasax -
lis wignTsacavis mTavar mwignobrad. impera-
toris davalebiT igi adgenda CineTis istoriis
matianes da icavda sxvadasxva saxis uZveles da
uZvirfases xelnawerebs. raRa Tqma unda, am
wignTsacavSi mas SeeZlo srulyofilad gascno-
boda Cinur werilobiT wyaroebs, ziareboda am
15
enaze dagrovil sibrZnes. safiqrebelia, rom
lao-Zis ukmayofileba Tavisi xalxis praq -
tikuli codnis gamo warmoSva swored am codnis
srulyofilma Secnobam. yovelive aman ubiZga
mas kritikuli damokidebuleba hqonoda im
eTikuri formebisadmi, riTac misi Tana-
medrove CineTi cxovrobda. man datova saxel -
mwifo samsaxuri, ukmayofilom sazogadoebrivi
da politikur-socialuri viTarebiT da gan -
mar tovda. emZima samefo karze cxovreba. mis -
Tvis miuRebeli iyo is zneoba, riTac samefo
kari cxovrobda: pirmoTneobiT, garyvnilebiT,
momxveWelobiT, medidurobiT. is ki iseT cxov -
rebas mieltvoda, sadac mSvidi Wvretisa da
fiqris SesaZlebloba eqneboda, sabolood rom
gaeazrebina Tavisi moZRvreba _ cxovrebis WeS -
mariti rwmenisa da gzis arsi, esoden aucilebe-
li Tavisi Tanamedrove mSfoTvare cxov re -
bisaTvis. amitom tovebs CineTs da dasavleTis
sazRvris gavliT `barbarosTa~ qveynebSi miem -
gzavreba (mouxilavs indoeTi da tibeti), rom
eziaros iqaur sibrZnes da darCenili cxovre-
bis wlebs Wvretasa da dumilSi atarebs sadRac,
miyruebul gamoqvabulSi, sadac SeuTxzavs ki -
dec Tavisi ukvdavi qmnileba. mas erTxel uT -
qvams: `me aravin micnobs~ da daumatebia: `magram
aris ca _ is micnobs me~. es sityvebi aRbeWdaven
lao-Zis asketur bunebasa da mis martoeul
cxovrebas.
erT-erTi Tqmulebis mixedviT, es istoria
Tu legenda aseTia: `qveynis Soreul sazRvarze
mde bareobda saguSago, risi gavliTac dasav le -
16
Tisaken mimavali mgzavri moxvdeboda im uxi lav
qveyanaSi, sadac meufebs sivanmu _ deda-dedo-
fali dasavleTisa. rogorRac er Txel sagu Sa -
gos ufross ucnauri ram Seu niSnavs: aR mo -
savleTidan, anu qveynis siRrmidan misken moiw-
evda araCveulebrivi iisferi Sefe ri lobis
Rrubeli. saguSagos ufrosi guan ini Wkviani
kaci yofila da maSinve mimxvdara, rasac
Rrubeli auwyebda: saguSagos uaxlovdeboda
dao Jen _ daos kaci. marTlac, sagu Sa gosTan
ma le gamoCenila xarze (azaverze) amxedrebuli
axovani moxuci. es lao-Zi iyo. guan ini roca
mim xvdara, rom lao-Zi samudamod tovebda
CineTs, TxovniT miumarTavs brZenTabr Ze nis -
Tvis: `moZ Rva ro! nuTu Sen gadaxvewaze fiq -
rob?! Tu es asea, gTxov dagvitovo Seni moZRv -
reba!~ lao-Zis dumiliT Seusrulebia Txovna,
dau weria xuTi aTa si sityvisagan Semdgari `dao
de Zini~ da samu damod ganSorebia CineTs. le -
gen dis mixed viT, swored im wels dabadebula
buda. lao-Zim aRasrula is, riTac sxvebs moZ Rv -
ravda: `kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs: si -
martoveSi unda ukudges. kaci, saqmes rom aRas -
rulebs: sofliur usasrulobas unda SeerTos~.
idumalebiT moculi saxe xarze amxedrebuli
brZenisa, ro gorc es Cinurma ferweram aRbeWda,
iqca swored `dao de Zinis~ uxilav gmirad.
es legenda uaRresad mniSvelovan simbo lod
miaCniaT sinologebs. lao-Zi Sordeba misTvis
miuRebel konficiur CineTs da mie mar Teba da -
savleTis RvTismsaxurebisaken, ker Zod _ indu-
iz misa da budizmisaken. `dao da Zinis~ uxilavi
17
gmiris ltolva asketuri ganmartoebisaken,
dumilisa da Wvretisaken, arse bi Tad da pi ris pi -
reba iyo mTeli imJamindeli Ci nu ri eTi kuri da
religiuri Segnebisadmi. am le gen dis mixedviT
Seiqmna miTi diad da yov lism Z le moxucze, vis -
ganac iRebs Tavis dasabams dao iz mi. daoizmi iyo
gadasvla sruliad sxva re ligiur Segnebasa da
mdgomareobaSi, vidre CinelTa praqtikuli
racionalizmi da pragmatistuli eTika iyo.
daoizmi pirmSoa Ci nelTa Soris im erTaderTi
kacisa, visac em Zi ma bo lom de Cinelad yofna da
gaiqca akrZalul da sav leT Si, axali reli gi u ri
arsebobisaken. indoeTsa da tibetSi lao-Zis
gamgzavreba sxva sim bo losac Seicavs. legenda
mogviTxrobs brZe nis aTassaxovan gardasaxve-
bze, mis kvlav So basa da movlinebaze, mis gaRv -
Tae bebaze. gvari li imitom aqvs, rom igi dedam
wablis xis qveS (`li~) Soba. saxeli er imitom
aqvs, rom mas araC ve u leb rivad didi yurebi
hqonda. sima cianis mi xed viT lao-Zi ase gamo i yu -
reboda: maRali da axo vani, yviTeli pirisaxis,
lamazi warbebiT, far To SubliT, oTxkuTxa
piriT, uSno kbi le biT, sqeli tuCebiT, uzar -
mazari yurebi sammagi sasmeni xvrelebiT, didi
TvalebiT, fexebze _ aT-aTi TiTiT, xolo
xelisgulebze _ aT-aTi xa ziT. wminda cxovre-
bis gamo icocxla orasi weli.
lao-Zi SemTxveviT ar SeuracxavT wminda -
nad. man Tavisi cxovrebiT ganaxorciela is, ra -
sac qadagebda. religiurma gadmocemebma sao-
cari legendebi SeTxzes masze. lao-Zi iyo daos
gardasxeuleba da suli, usawyiso da dau sabamo
18
wya ro yofierebisa. uformo, ufero da uxmo, vi -
sac arc winaprebi hyavs, arc STa mo mavali. bne -
lia, magram TavisTavSi sulier arss Seicavs da
es arsi WeSmaritebaa. jous dinastiis dros
lao-Zis movlineba iyo misi erT-erTi avataro
anu kvlavSoba, gardasxeuleba. igi ramdenime-
jer aris gardasxeulebuli (yovelive es amsxv -
revda zRudeebSi moqceul racionalur war-
modgenebs adamianis arsebobis sasrul sazRv -
rebze: dabadebasa da sikvdils da sikvdilsa da
kvlavSobas Soris). lao-Zi iSva TavisiT _ usa -
wyi sod da usasrulod, igi ganu pirobebelia
drosa da sivrceSi. misi dabadebis axsna Seu Z -
lebelia. diad daosTan erTad rom moemarTeba,
qmnis samyaros, sicocxliT aRav sebs qveyniere-
bas. marad caSia. jous dinastiis dros kvlav
aRsdga gvarSi li da marcxena fer didan iSva
budas msgavsad. pirvelad aRsdga aTas xuTasi
wlis winaT, gamoeyo wminda haers, moTavsda
iaspis umSvenieresi qalwulis mucel Si, sadac
oTxmocdaerT weliwads dahyo. amitom iSva
TeTrTmiani. man Sexeda lis xes (wablis xes),
romlis ZirSic iSva da Tqva: es iqneba Cemi gvari.
sxva legenda ambobs: lao-Zi dedas Caesaxa ara
kacTan qorwinebiT, aramed miwaze daSve buli
varskvlavisagan. saidumlo nayofs, cisa da
miwis SeerTebiT Casaxuls, deda oTxmoc da erT
wels atarebda saSviloSi da bolos iSva WaRara
yrma.
erTi daosuri legendis mixedviT, impe ra -
to ri, verafriT rom ver miizida brZeni sasax -
leSi, Tavad ewvia mas. lao-Zi ar eTayvana. `Tumca
19
ubiwo xar, _ mimarTa imperatorma, _ mainc Cemi
qveSevrdomi xar, Cemzea damokidebuli sim-
didre da gamoCineba Seni.~ lao-Zi aiwia haerSi
da SeCerda RrublebSi, marcxena xeli cisken
aRapyro, marjvena _ miwisken da Tqva: `zeviT _
caSi da qveviT _ miwaze mxolod daoa Tay va -
niscemis Rirsi. axla, roca var maRla da miwaze
fexs ar vakareb haeriT garemosili, ras war-
moadgens, xelmwifeo, simdidre da gamo Ci neba
Seni~. imperatori amis Semdeg Tavad eTay vana
lao-Zis. legendis simbolo gvauwyebs, rom
imperatori _ gamomxatveli CineTizmis su li sa,
qeds ixris lao-Zis axali da diadi re li gi u ri
moZRvrebis winaSe. Tu rogori gaR vTi u re buli
iyo CineTSi lao-Zi, amas bevri faqti adas-
turebs. erT-erT ZvelCinur traqtatSi `mou-
Zi~ (II-III ss. ax. w.), rac Cineli budistis mieraa
dawerili da warmoadgens Cinur winarebudis-
tur Txzulebas, raTa daecva budizmi Tavdas -
xme bisagan da gaemarTlebina CineTSi misi arse-
boba, naTqvamia, rom buda diadia, rogorc sxva
brZen ni, rogorc, vTqvaT, lao-Zi, romelTac
eTa yvaneboda konfuci. Tumca maT saxelebs
(budasa da lao-Zis saxelebs) ar ixsenieben Zveli
konfuciuri wignebi. daosebma buda Ta vi anT
panTeonSi Seiyvanes da lao-Zi mis gverdiT
daayenes. xanis imperatorma xuan-dim 166 wels
erTdroulad mouwyo msxverplSewirvis ritua -
li rogorc budas, ise lao-Zis.
gviandroindel Cinur kultebSi yvelaze
umaRles wreSi sami didi religiis fuZemdebels
aTavseben: budas, lao-Zis, konfucis.
20
*
lao-Zi konfucis ufrosi Tanamedrove iyo.
si nologiaSi arsebobs varaudi maTi Sexved -
rebis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba es istoria sinamdvilec
iyos, SeiZleba _ legendac, magram mTavari aq es
rodia, mTavari is aris, rom cxadad avlens am
ori moZRvrisa da maTi moZRvrebis urTi er T -
gansxvavebas. am Sexvedram gamoavlina ori Zala
Cinuri msoflSemecnebisa: Zala, ramac CineTi
Ci neTad aqcia da ramac brZnuli wigni misca
`dao de Zinis~ saxiT CineTs.
jous epoqaSi, politikur Tu sxva mizezTa
gamo, bevrma miatova ojaxi, sazogadoeba da gan-
degilebad cxovrobdnen tyeebsa da gamoqva bu -
lebSi. `erT-erTi aseTi gandegili iyo Rrma da
originaluri moazrovne, vinc daoizmis fuZem -
deblad iqca. es iyo mixrwnilebaSi gadasuli
filosofosi lao-Zi, dabadebuli konfucize
or mocdaaTi wliT adre. lao-Zi ukve Rrma moxu-
ci iyo, roca misma didma Tanamedrovem aRiareba
moipova. darwmunebuli dacemul sau kunesTan
brZolis uazrobaSi, igi amayi zizRiT uyurebda
konfucis umweo cdebs~. konfucis erTi
Tanamoqalaqe uju Sexvedria lao-Zis. erT-erTi
saubris dros lao-Zis mwu xa re biT uTqvams:
`konfuci ar aris idealuri kaci, magram gauge-
baria _ rad uWiravs Tavi ase medi durad, ise,
TiTqos, Rrmad moazrovne kaci iyos~. lao-Zis
erT-erTi mimdevari gen san-Cu iuwye ba, rom mas
`Rrmad esmoda lao-Zis moZRv reba daos Sesaxeb
da cxovrobda CrdiloeTSi, miuval mTebSi. rom
mas uyvarda buneba da masTan stumrobdnen cod-
21
nis dauflebis wyur vi liT gulanTebuli adami-
anebi. magram igi axlos ar ikarebda yalbi
sikeTis mqadagebelT~. `yalbi sikeTis mqa da ge b -
lebSi~ igi konfucie lebs gulisxmobda.
juan-Zis wignidan Cans, rom lao-Zis hyolia
mowafeebi, erT-erT maTgans, ian Zi-Ziu ius ase
moZRv ravs lao-Zi: `brZeni kaci iSviaTad am -
JRav nebs Tavis niWierebas da mxolod Tavisi
arsebis srulqmnisaTvis iRvwis~. igi urCevda
mo wa feebs, ar emogzauraT saxelmwifoSi da ar
gaevrcelebinaT misi moZRvreba.
konfuci Tavisi mowafis Zi-lus rCeviT
swve via pirvelad lao-Zis, vinc uxalisod miiRo
igi. am Sexvedras varaudoben Zv. w. 517 wels. maqs
miuleris cnobiT, maSin lao-Zi oTxmocdarva
wlisa yofila, xolo konfuci _ ocdaTxuT me -
ti wlisa. istorikosi sima ciani ase agviwers
lao-Zis da konfucis Sexvedras: kun-Zi, jous
rom Cavida, lao-Zim miugo: kaci, viszec Sen axla
laparakob, ukve didi xania gaixrwna Tavis
ZvlebTan erTad da misgan mxolod sityvebiRa
SemogvrCa. keTilSobili raindi mSvidobia no -
bisas etlzea aRmjdari da saxelmwifo saqmee -
biT aris datvirTuli. SfoTis dros ki fexiT
daiareba qveynis erTi kuTxidan meore kuTxeSi.
me msmenia, rom Wkviani vaWari malavs Tavis sim-
didres da ise uWiravs Tavi, TiTqos araferi
ebados. aseve maRali zneobis brZeni mraval
Rirsebas flobs, magram cdilobs garegnobaSi
ar gaamJRavnos Tavisi zneoba da sibrZne. uku ag -
de Sen Seni siamaye, Seni vnebebi da mediduroba.
yovelive es ar mogitans Sen sargeblobas... sa -
22
mar Tlianoba da kacTmoyvareoba mxolod cari -
e li sityvebia, isini mxolod malaven sisastikes
da amwuxreben adamianTa gulebs. arasodes yo -
fi la samyaro aseTi areuli, rogorc axlaa... ca
da miwa bunebrivad inarCuneben uc vle lobas,
mze da mTvare bunebrivad anaTeben, varskv la -
vebs TavianTi bunebrivi ganlageba aqvT, ga reu -
li frinvelebi da mxecebi bunebrivad cxov ro -
ben, xeebi bunebrivad izrdebian. mtredi TeT ria
ara imitom, rom iRebeba. Tevzi wyalSi cocx -
lobs, xmeleTze ki iRupeba, mas ar SeuZlia mia-
tovos mdinare an tba. kargi iqneboda, Senc da -
gecva bunebiToba, damorCilebodi daos da des,
aucilebeli ar aris, aseTi guliTadobiT vav -
rcelebdeT moZRvrebas moyvasobasa da sa mar -
Tlianobaze. Seni moqmedeba magonebs kacs, da -
fdafebs rom scems da Tavad iubedurebs Tavs.
moZRvaro! amiT mxolod awuxeb adamianebs!..
am Sexvedris Semdeg sami dRe dumda Turme
konfuci. mowafeTa SekiTxvaze, Tu riT daupi-
ris pirda lao-Zis, upasuxnia: araTu davupiris -
pirdi, piris gaRebac ver SevZeli... me vici, rom
frinvelebma ician frena, Tevzebma ician curva,
cxovelebma ician srbola. magram isic vici, rom
yvela maTi SeCereba SesaZlebelia. rac Seexeba
dra kons, misi SeCereba SeuZlebelia. me ar vu -
wyi, rogor maRldeba igi cad qarsa da Rrub leb -
Si. me vnaxe lao-Zi, igi namdvili dra konia. igi
xan xilul arsebad warmomidga, xanac nisleul
arsebad. mas ZaluZs RrublebSi srbola da
inisa da ianis ciuri sxivebiT sunTqva. misi
SeCereba SeuZlebelia!..
23
Semdegi Sexvedris dros konfucis SeuCi-
vlia lao-ZisTvis: `me gamoveci poeziis wigni,
wigni istoriisa, adaT-wesebisa, traqtati
musikaze da cvalebadobaTa wigni. me davwere
matiane gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa. me vswav -
lob di Zvel mefeTa znes. me gavasxivosne brZen -
Ta uzenaesi qmedebani. da mainc aravin mTvlis
Rirsad mimsaxuros. rogorc Cans, Znelia xalxis
darwmuneba!~ lao-Zis miugia: `Zvel me feTa
memkvidreobas eqvsi Tavisufali xelov neba
Sead gens. is, rasac Sen iqm, umTavresad
moZvelebul magaliTebs eyrdnoba. Sen mxolod
Zvelis nakvaleviT midixar, axals arafers
qmni... is, rac gardasulia, SeuZlebelia misi
dab runeba. garduvalobas ver gaeqcevi, drois
mdinarebis SeCereba SeuZlebelia. daos ver
Caketav. vinc Seicno dao, bunebiTobis kanons
morCilebs, vinc ver Seicno dao, arRvevs bu -
nebiTobis kanons~. konfucim mowiwebiT mousmi-
na lao-Zis, drakonsac ki Seadara, magram ver-
aferi Seismina misgan. aseTi iyo lao-Zis bedi
mTels CineTSi: mas usmendnen da aRiarebdnen ki -
dec, Tumca mainc Seaqcia zurgi CineTs da axali
religiis mosaxilvelad sakuTar usas ru lo -
baSi gadaixvewa. mxolod mogvianebiT aRiares
misi moZRvreba. aki TviTonac ambobs erTgan: `o,
ra gviania sityva: brZnuli da daunjebuli!~
24
*
sinologebis saerTo azriT, `dao de ZinSi~
mocemulia stiqiuri dialeqtikis plastebic da
gulubryvilo materializmis elementebic. mas
ganixilaven idealizmis nimuSadac da masSi
mate rialistur tendenciebsac Wvreten. um Tav -
re si xazi mainc idealizmisken ixreba. Tumca zo -
gi erTi gamonaTqvami daos Sesaxeb mis material-
istur sawyisebsac gvafiqrebinebs. rusi mecni e -
ri da orientalisti a. a. petrovi lao-Zis obieq-
turi idealizmis erT-erT udides fuZem deb -
lad Tvlis ara mxolod Cinur, aramed msof lio
filosofiaSi, xolo mis moZRvrebas monistur
moZRvrebad miiCnevs da wers: `daoizmi, gamovle-
nili `dao de ZinSi~ da ganxiluli ro gorc abso-
luturi pirvelmizezi da samyaros arsi, war-
moadgens mkacr monistur sistemas. es obieqtu -
ri idealizmis nairsaxeobaa da lao-Zi, romel-
sac am teqsts miaweren, platonTan er Tad unda
vaRi aroT idealizmis skolis pirvelSemoq me -
dad msoflio filosofiaSi~. `dao de ZinSi~
mocemuli saganTa da movlenaTa wi na aR mdegoba
da cvalebadoba, magram dasabamis ucv leloba
da misi erTarsebad aRiareba, upirveles yov -
lisa, vlindeba daos kanonis absolu ti zaciaSi,
samyaros arsad mis gardasaxvaSi. bu nebis wina aR -
m degobriobas rom Wvretda, lao-Zi mis ga da wyv -
etas xedavda erTianobaSi. erTi a nobas aRia reb -
da saganTa warmoSobisa da cva le badoba _ ucv -
le lobis erTaderT safuZ v lad, radganac dao
erTiania da ganuyofeli. am erTianobis, anu
igive daos wvdoma ki, lao-Zis mixedviT, mxolod
25
gonebis WvretiTi Semec nebiT aris SesaZlebeli.
igi am gziT cdilobda aexsna yofierebis su li e -
ri azri, misi Sinagani kanonebi Tu kanon zo mie re -
bani. lao-Zis swamda, rom saganTa da movlenaTa
mswraflwarmaval dinebaSi ido raRac arsebiTi
_ ucvleli da maradiuli. am mara diulobisa da
WeSmariti mSvenierebis xilva mxolod gone bis -
TvaliT aris SesaZlebeli, WeSmariti sikeTe ki
mxolod Cvens suls ecxadeba. yovelive nivTieri
da saxieri lao-Zis yofierebis albaTobad
esaxeboda. misTvis ucvleli, uZravi da maradi-
uli mxolod daoa _ momcveli da dasabami mTe -
li yofierebisa da aryofnisa.
cneba dao Cinur azrovnebaSi lao-Zimdec
arsebobda, mas iyenebda TiTqmis yvela Cineli
filosofosi, maT Soris konfucic, magram am
cnebaSi sxvadasxva azrs debdnen. lao-Zim sru-
liad axali da gansxvavebuli mniSveloba mia -
niWa daos. rogorc sinologebi gadmogvcemen,
es cneba jerac bolomde gauxsneli da daudge -
nelia mecnierebaSi, mas yvela Taviseburad gan-
martavs. maqs miuleri werda: `erTi ram cxadia,
rom kacobriobis filosofiur da reli giur
ganviTarebaSi araviTari warmodgena ar ar -
sebobda imgvar warmomavlobasa da ganvi Ta -
rebaze, rogoric aris Cinuri dao. yvela erT -
xmad aRiarebs, rom Tavdapirvelad dao niS nav -
da biliks, anu gzas. magram Semdeg man Seicvala
Tavisi mniSvneloba~.
Cinuri filosofiuri azris ganviTarebis
sxva dasxva istoriul etapze daos cneba sxva da -
sxva Sinaarss Seicavda. rogorc ian xin-Sui gad-
26
mogvcems, cneba dao grafikulad gamoisaxebo-
da ori nawilisagan Semdgari ieroglifiT: Tavi
da svla. maTi SeerTebiT vRebulobT erTian
cnebas: svlis mTavari mimarTuleba, igive `moZ -
ra obis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba~, anu gza. pir -
veli Cineli moazrovneebi farTod iyenebdnen
daos cnebas adamianis `gzis~, `mimar Tulebis~,
`ZiriTadi kanonis~ moZraobis zneo b rivi da
eTikuri TviTsrulqmnis gamosaxatavad. Tan da -
Tan cneba dao iZens sxvadasxva mniS vne lobebs.
erT-erT uZveles Cinur wignSi `Zo-juanSi~
daos aRniSavdnen `Setyobinebis~, `moZ ra obis
xazis~ mniSvnelobiT, xolo wignSi `li-Zi~ dao
gaigivebulia `amosavalTan~, `dasabamTan~. es
cnebebi gamoxataven rogorc samyaroul kano -
nebs, ise adamianuri cxovrebis kanonebsac. dao
ga moxatavs samyaros udiades gzasac da adamian-
is zneobrivi cxovrebis gzasac. amis safuZ vel -
ze warmoiSva cnebebi `dao-de~: `gza _ saT no -
eba~ anu `saTnoebis gza~. dao ara marto gzas da
eTikur gansazRvrebas _ saTnoebas aRniSnavs,
aramed azrovnebis kanonsac _ logikas.
`dao de ZinSi~ cneba dao iZens mkveTrad ga mo -
xatul ontologiur Sinaarss, samyaros arsis,
samyaros pirvelmizezis mniSvnelobiT, agreTve
kanonzomierebas, rac arsiseulia bu ne bisa da sa -
zo gadoebis yvela sagnisa da mov lenisaTvis.
upirveles yovlisa, am TxzulebaSi dao ganix-
ileba rogorc wyaro sinamdvilis daus rulebadi
mra valferovnebisa. dao uad re sia yovel arsTa
wi naprisa, magram aravin uwyis, saidan iSva igi.
dao gvecxadeba rogorc upi rovno, arasaxieri
27
da sa bami, bunebamdeli arsi, warmomSobi yofiere-
bisa. samyaros es maradiu li da ucvleli pirvel -
sa wyisi, udidesi da yov lisdamtevi dasabami mxo -
lod TviTmoZraobis sakuTar kanonebs emor Ci -
le ba. aRiarebulia, rom Zvel Cinel brZenTa So -
ris lao-Zim pirvelma mogvca daos yovelmxrivi
dasabuTeba da ana lizi ara rogorc mxolod fi -
lo sofiuri kate go riisa, aramed rogorc re li -
gi uri arsisa. lao-Zis daos Cinelebi ganixilaven
ro gorc logossac, samyaroul gzasac, RmerT -
sac, samyaros pirvelmizezsac, sulier potenci-
asac, wminda da transcendetalur yofierebasac.
Zveli Cineli filosofosi da `dao de Zinis~ erT-
erTi pirveli komentatori van bi ase gan saz Rv -
ravs daos: `uZravia! carielia! ara aqvs arc saxe-
ba, arc sxeuli, ar moeZeveba Tavisive msgavsi.
amitom Tqmula masze: ar icvleba~.
daoizmis meore didi warmomadgenlis juan-
Zis mixedviT daos axasiaTebs: `swrafva da umc-
daroba~, magram igi `moklebulia moqmedebasa
da formas~. dao `Ziri da dasabamia Tavisive
Tavisa~, arsebobs `uadres cisa da miwis~, `arse-
bobs uxsovrobidan~. dao araTu `uxsovrobidan
arsebobs~, Seswevs Zali `sasicocxlo Zala
mianiWos sulebsa da winaprebs, Svas ca da miwa~.
dao Semoqmedia yoveli arsisa. juan-Zis mi xed -
viT, bunebiTia daoc da cac, radganac daom Sva
ca. misi gamoTqma `cisgan ganrideba~ guli s x -
mobs bunebiTobis kanonis darRvevas, mis xel yo -
fas. dao cis uadresia. aqedan gamomdinare, dao
caze maRla mdgomi arsebaa, igi caze adreulia
drosa da sivrceSi.
28
lao-Zis mixedviT dao ase gamoiyureba: dao
aris absoluturi dasabami, Semqmneli yoveli
arsisa, yovelives pirvelmizezi, Ziri yofiere-
bisa, dasabami samyarouli Semecnebisa. dao
sicarielea, is uferoa, umzer da ver xedav,
usxeuloa _ exebi da ver wvdebi; is `idumali
mdedria~. uxmoa: usmen da ar gesmis; dao mSvi -
dia, ganmxoloebulia, ucvlelia. yvelgan da
yvelaferSi mimoiZvris, magram safrTxe ara-
sodes emuqreba. movlenebi misi wyalobiT gan-
icdian cvalebadobas, misi wiaRidan amoedi -
nebian da mis wiaRSive inTqmebian. igi uformoa
da mizezia yvela formaTa, maradiulia, erTi -
ania, dasabamieria, usamzRvroa, gamou T qmelia,
uwiaRo wiaRia, amouwuravia. dao yov lis mom -
cvelia, yvelgan ganfenilia da samyaros dam -
bad ebelia, yvela momdevno ierarqiaSia
SeWrili, _ ciT da miwiT dawyebuli da adami a -
niT damTavrebuli. yvela da yvelaferi mas mor -
Cilebs: ca, miwa, xelmwife, xalxi. dao gzaa,
razec miedineba mTeli organuli da araorgan-
uli samyaro; igi sayovelTao obieqturi kanon-
zomierebaa bunebisa, kanonia qveynis mmarTve-
lobasa da calkeul adamianTa qmedebaSi. dao
arsebobisa da sagnebis jamia, movlenaTa sam-
yaro da maTi simwyobrea. is aris yvelaferi da
araferi, raoba da araoba, aravis Seuqmnia, yove-
lives is iqms da yovelive masSi ukuiqceva. misi
wvdoma SeuZlebelia grZnobis organoebiT.
araferi, rasac vxedavT, rac gvesmis, rasac
SevigrZnobT, rasac vgebulobT _ ar aris dao.
araferTan misi Sedareba ar SeiZleba. Tavad
29
usaxeloa, magram sxvebs aniWebs saxels da sax-
elwodebas. dao sityvebiT ar gamoiTqmis.
Tumca dao yovelTvis winamZRvrobs, yvelaze
udablesia da ar mZlavrobs. Tumca yovelive mas
morCilebs, Tavis Tavs ar Tvlis meufed. ar
medidurobs da Tavis umTavres Tvisebad sis-
ustes miiCnevs.
dao dafarulia, ganusazRvrelia da ga nu -
mar tavi, arasaxieri arsia yofierebisa. mas ar
gaaCnia arc nebeloba, arc cnobiereba. is ganu-
rCevlobaa, maradiulia da ucvleli, magram
samyaroSi es erTianoba da ganurCevloba vlin-
deba rogorc mravalsaxovneba, rogorc
yofiereba mravalferovani formebisa da mov -
lenebisa. arqimandrit xrisanfis azriT, dao
aris samyaros substancia panTeisturi war -
modgeniT. xilvadi, anu nivTieri samyaro aris
daos gamovlena misi aranamdvili, yofi erebis
dabali formiT. namdvili yofiereba mdgomare-
obs am saxieri, nivTieri yofierebis uar yofaSi,
arsebuli wuTisoflis moTxovnebis daviwye -
baSi da TviTWvretis gziT daos yofierebaSi
SeRweva, anu sicarieleSi, aryofnaSi gaTqvefa.
dao aris `wylebi uxilavi Webisa~.
lao-Zi daos Seimecnebda rogorc dafarul
arsebobas, rogorc aryofnas. dao Seesabameba
qaoss da aris sawyisi cisa da miwis. Seqmnis mere
dao faruli mdgomareobidan gadadis cxadier
arsebobaSi, ararsebobidan arsebobaSi, aryof -
nidan warmoiSveba yofiereba. aryofna da yofi -
ereba erTia. Tumca gamovlenaSi oria, orives
saxeli erTia: dao. igi aris gzac da substanci-
30
ac, risi Secnobac mxolod gonmWvretelobiT
Tu SeiZleba. Cineli moazrovneebidan mxolod
lao-Zim ar miiRo samyaro rogorc faqti, rac
daeqvemdebareboda mxolod mocemuli faqtis
sazRvrebis axsnas da iqneboda gamomdinare sam-
yaros arsebobis grZnobiTi aRqmidan. lao-Zi
erTaderTi iyo, vinc cdilobda yofierebis
arsis gonWvretiT wvdomas. aqedan gamomdinare,
misi moZRvrebis mixedviT, dao Seimecneba
gonWvretiT da Tavis sakuTar yofierebaSi igi
uwmindesi sulia. vladimer soloviovi lao-
Zis aRiarebs `yviTeli rasis udiades da, SeiZ -
leba, erTaderT gonmWvretel ubrZenes fi lo -
sofosad~. da WeSmaritad, lao-Zi fiqrobda,
rom arsebobs umaRlesi samyaro, rac mxo lod
Cvens gonebas ecxadeba. xilvadi yofiereba Se -
zRudulia da dasrulebadi, amdenad warmaval-
ic aris. amitom mas aqvs sawyisi. misi sawyisi aris
dao, rac araviTar ganzomilebas ar emor -
Cileba. dao maradiuli yofierebaa da amitom ar
eqvemdebareba cvalebadobas. subs tanciaSi misi
arseboba srulqmnasa da neta rebaSi, maradis-
obasa da ukvdavebaSi arsebobaa. daos mflo-
beli iZens bunebaze gabatonebis Zalas da mara-
diuli xdeba, anu sxva arsSi maradiulad ga -
dasaxlebadi sulia. dao arsebobs TavisTavad,
Tavis TavSi da arafer garemyofze ar aris da -
mokidebuli. mas ara aqvs mizezi, arc arafris
Sedegi ar aris, Tavad aris sakuTari Tavis Sem -
qmne lica da dasabamic. `miwa cis kanons mor -
Cilebs. ca daos kanons morCilebs. dao daos
kanons morCilebs~.
31
lao-Zis mixedviT, mTeli samyaro ganixile-
ba rogorc arsTa bunebiTi ganviTarebis daus-
rulebadi mdinareba. dao Tavis Sinagan gan -
viTarebaSi badebs samyaros yvela mraval fe -
rovnebas, ramdenadac igi Tavis TavSi Seicavs
subs tanciur marcvals yovel arsTa da mov le -
naTa. igi ganimarteba rogorc uaryofa da Tavis
TavSi yofierebis yvela SesaZleb lo bas Seicavs.
daos wvdoma, daosuri moZRvrebis erT-erTi Zi -
ri Tadi gaazrebis mixeviT, SesaZ lebelia mxo -
lod mistikuri Wvretis gziT. amitom qadageben
isini srul gankerZoebas, gan dgomas yofiTi sam-
yarosagan, saganTa mgrZno beluri wvdomisagan
da qadageben asketizms, morCilebas, bune bi -
Tobas. arqimandriti xrisanfi wers: `samyaro
aris daos gamovlena mis cxadier, yofierebis
dabal formaSi. WeSmariti yofiereba mdgomare-
obs am arara, xilvadi yofierebis uaryofaSi...
lao-Zi aRiarebs asketizms, ase ucxos Cinuri
su lisaTvis, da gonmWvretelobas, ase Seuc -
nobads CineTis erovnul brZenTagan. swored es
asketizmia gza maradiul daosTan SeerTebisa.
daunjebuli adamiani Tavisufldeba yofiere-
bis batonobisagan da Seerwymis daos~.
lao-Zi aRiarebs, rom dao ara marto Sobs
yo vel arss, aramed dedobrivi mzrunve lo bi -
Tac eqceva maT. is SeuRwevadSi aRwevs, um ci re -
si caa da udidesic, nawilicaa da mTelic. dao
sam yaros erTianobaa. adamianis gonebas ar Ses -
wevs unari, warmoidginos masze umaRlesi arse-
ba. igi flobs Tavis Sinagan erTarsebobas da ga -
nu yoflobas. is mxolod Tavis Tavs morCilebs
32
da erTarsebaa. erTarseba rom ar iyos, ar iq -
nebo da absoluturi yofiereba. dao mZle Ta m -
Zlea, Tumca sustia da nazi, radganac usxeulo
gonia. ramdenadac igi susti da nazia, imdenad
ufro Zlieria, susti da nazi maradiulad
cocxlobs. dao qmnis sagnebs, magram gvecxadeba
ro gorc upirovno, ucvleli substanciuri gan -
sazRvreba, rogorc ganyenebuli pirvelsaxe.
igi uformo formaa, usaxo saxebaa. dao aris er -
Ti a ni. dao aris aryofna, rac Seicavs yofiere-
bis yve la SesaZleblobas. `ukuqcevadia daos
moZ ra obis gza~, magram is yovelTvis ucvlelia
Ta vis absolutur arsSi. `dao de ZinSi~ vkiT xu -
lobT: `dao carielia. carielia, magram amovli -
nebisas: amoulevelia~. daoSi ikrebs Tavs yve la
winaaRmdegoba da Tanxmierdeba. daos erT-erTi
uZiriTadesi Tvisebaa gamovlenis TviTbu neb -
iToba. daos mudam Tan axlavs: `ar aris~. misi
predikati rom `aris~ iyos, maSin igi yvela
danarCeni sagnis rigSi Cadgeboda. is, rac `aris~
_ icvleba. is rac `ar aris~ _ ar icvleba.
cvaleba doba aris moZraobis gamovlena. yovel-
nairi moZraoba Tavisi bunebiT dasrulebadia,
amitom dasrulebadia `yoveli arsic~, rac
icvleba, anu moZraobis mdgomareobaSi imyofe-
ba. dao ar icvleba. amitom igi ar imyofeba moZ -
raobaSi, aramed uZravia da ucvalebeli.
legisturi skolis erT-erTi udidesi war -
mo madgeneli xan fei wignSi `xan fei Zi~ xa tov -
nad ganmartavs daosa da des cnebebs: `aRmo ce -
nebad xes aqvs rbili (gaSlili) fesvebi da aqvs
swori (vertikaluri) fesvi. swori fesvi aris is,
33
rasac lao-Zis wignSi dasabami ewodeba. da sabami
aris is, riTac mkvidrdeba xis sico cx le, xolo
rbili fesvebi aris is, riTac mtkic deba xis sic-
ocxle. de aris is, riTac mkvidrdeba adamianis
sicocxle. keTildReoba aris is, ri Tac mtkic -
deba adamianis sicocxle~. jer ki dev inis epo -
qaSi udides mniSvelobas ani Webdnen des. erT-
erT uZveles Cinur fi lo so fiur Txzu le baSi
`pan geni~ weria: `Cven yvelani erT su lov nebiTa
da saTnoebiT aRvsilni unda vi yoT erTmane Ti -
sadmi~. de saTnoebas niSnavs. mag ram igi ufro
Rrma da kompleqsuri Sinaarsis cne baa, vinem
saT noeba. de aris calkeul in di vid Si daos in -
di vidualuri gamovlenis forma. igi individis
zneobrivi srulqmnis da daosTan misi Tan xmo -
bis gamomxatvelia. ian iungos gan mar tebiT,
ieroglifi de uZveles Cinur sam kiT xao Zvlebis
warwerebze aRiniSneboda siun-iT, rac mor Cils
niSnavs. es yofila igive ie rog li fi ji, rac
samarTlians niSnavs. Zveli war mod geniT ji
yofila igive de. ieroglifi de ki niSnavs
Tanxmobas, anu mSvidobas adami a neb Tan da saku -
Tar TavTan mimarTebaSi. jous epoqas cneba de
inis imperiisagan SeuTvisebia mem kvid re o biT.
jouelebi Turme TviT aRiarebdne amas: `inis
brZeni mefeni des aRiarebdnen qcevis nimuSad.
amis Sedegad xalxi sixaruliTa da neba yof lo -
biT asrulebda Tavis movaleobas. Cven aRf r To -
vanebuli varT maTi xelmwifebiT~.
rogorc aRvniSneT, de daos saxea, indi vi d -
Si ganxorcielebuli. de gamoxatavs pirov nebis
zneobriv srulqmnas, rac daos mor Ci le biT
34
miiRweva da niSnavs bunebasTan absolutur
Tanxmobas. de is aris, rac cisa da miwis wyalo -
biT aris boZebuli, riTac Zlierdeba in da ian
Za lebi. de adamianuri cxovrebis idealuri
kanonia, daoizmis ZiriTadi eTikuri sawyisi da
cnebaa. ase rom, de ganekuTvneba adamianis bune -
bis wvrTnisa da aRzrdis sferos, adamianis zne -
o bis kanonebsac da mmarTvelobis kanonebsac.
rogorc ki dairRveva zneobisa da mmarTve lo -
bis kanonebi, maSinve uTanxmoeba da ganxeTqi le -
ba iwyeba. jous dinastielni, inis epoqis sauke -
Teso tradiciebs rom agrZelebdnen, inis dinas-
tiis damxobis ZiriTad mizezad imas Tvlidnen,
rom inis xelmwifeni ar zrunavdnen xalxis zne -
ob riv amaRlebaze, `arRvevdnen mmarTve lo bis
kanonebs da uaryofdnen saTnoebis aRzrdis
safuZvlebs~. jouelebma gacilebiT maRal sa -
fe xurze aiyvanes saTnoebis safuZvlebis daka -
noneba xalxSic da saxelmwifo mmarTve lobaSic.
isini dabejiTebiT aRiarebdnen: `sruliad cxa -
di da naTelia, rom iq, sadac mmarTveloba mokr -
Zalebasa da saTnoebis safuZvlebs eqvemdebare-
ba, SeuZlebelia uwesrigoba warmoiSvas~. maT T -
vis saTnoebis ZiriATadi praqtikuli gamoxatu -
leba iyo wesrigi. jous epoqaSi des gamomxatve-
lad Semdegi cnebebi iqca: mSvidoba, aRorZineba,
simarTle, naTliereba, megobroba.
`dao de ZinSi~ cneba de ori ZiriTadi mniS -
vnelobiT vlindeba. farTo mniSvnelobiT igi
aRniSavs daos ZiriTad Tvisebebs, xolo Seda -
rebiT viwro mniSvnelobiT adamianis saTnoebis
ganmsazRvrel cnebas, eTikur da zneobriv ka te -
35
gorias. lao-Zim, Tanamedrove sazogadoebis
dacemis mizezebs rom eZiebda, Seqmna iseTi
moZRvreba, rasac WeSmaritebis gzaze unda
daeyenebina adamiani. amitom igi zneobas ganix-
ilavs, rogorc amaRlebulsa da sulier kate-
gorias, zneobis ganmsazRvrelad ki mas miaCnda
dao _ dasabami samyarosi. daos morCilebas
sikeTed aRiarebda, daos uaryofas _ borote-
bad. pirveli maradisobaa, meore warmavloba:
`vinca morCilebs daos: daos Tanaarsia. vinca
morCilebs des: des Tanaarsia. vinca morCilebs
warmavals: warmavlis Tanaarsia~. dao, rogorc
samyaros miuwvdomeli arasaxieri arsi, abso-
luturi arara (anu aryofna), cxadierdeba da
Seimecneba gamovlinebebis anu des wyalobiT.
dao droisa da sivrcis gareT mdgomia, daus-
rulebloba da absoluturi substanciaa. TviT
cac ki daos morCilebs, dao ki mxolod sakuTar
Tavs. aseTia bunebiTi gza yoveli arsis arsebo-
bisa. dao Sobs yovelives, magram es yovelive
mxolod des meSveobiT vlindeba saxed. de
umaRlesi saTnoebaa, daos wvdomis saxieri
formaa. van bis gamoTqmiT _ `dao isaa, saidanac
iSvis yoveli arsi~. Tuki dao substanciuri
bunebisaa, de misi mudmivi da ganuyofadi gamov-
linebaa, misi aucilebeli da arsiseuli Tviseba
da kanonzimierebaa. Tuki dao wyaroa daba de -
baTa da aRmocenebaTa, de formaa xilvadi sam-
yaros ganviTarebisa. am genetikur kavSirs lao-
Zi ase gadmogvcems: `dao Sobs yovel arss. de
kvebavs yovel arss, xorcqmnis da mfarvelobs
maT. zrdis da awifebs maT. srulqmnis da wina m -
36
ZR v robs maT. mzrunvelobs da Tanalmobs maT~.
TavianT moqmedebaSi dao da de mudmiv da ganuy-
ofad kavSirSi arian, de emorCileba daos. dao
aris zogadi kanoni, risi wyalobiTac suldgmu-
lobs yoveli arsi. xolo de aris daos kerZo
kanoni, risi wyalobiTac suldgmulobs cal ke -
u li sagani, maT Soris adamianic. juan-Zi imeo-
rebs lao-Zis azrs: `daos gareSe ar iSvis yo ve -
li arsi, xolo des gareSe ar vlindeba maTi si -
co cxle~. yoveli arsic imitom suldgmulobs,
rom ganuxrelad morCilebs daos.
dao dafaruli dasabamia da arsia samya ro -
si, misi Secnoba mxolod xiluli samyaroTia Se -
saZ lebeli. daos Semecneba xorcieldeba qao -
sidan misi gaTavisuflebis, misi brwyinvalebis
dacxromis, mtvris nawilakebTan misi Serwymis
Sedegad. Semecnebis procesSi _ erTi safexu -
ri dan meoreze gadasvlisas uxilavi daodan
xilvad de-ze _ adamiani aRmoaCens mudmiv, uc -
v lel raRacas, rac nivTier sagnebsa da mov le -
nebSi Zevs. lao-Zi am mudmiv ganzomilebas
uwodebs des, risi SemecnebiTac mivwvdebiT
uxi lav, uxmo, umcires daos. `dao de ZinSi~
cneba de moxmobilia saganTa an mis atributTa
mudmivi Tvisebebis mniSvnelobiT. socio lo -
giuri TvalsazrisiT ki mas eTikuri normis, anu
saTnoebis, zneobrivi srulqmnis mniS vne lo ba
eniWeba. amnairad, de aris daos sxeulebrivi
gamovlena, des wyalobiT vlindeba dao saganTa
samyaroSi. orives erTi Ziri kvebavs. lao-Zi
ambobs: `vinca daipyra vnebebi: ixila dao
dafarulisa. vinca daipyra vnebebma: ixila dao
37
yofierisa. erTia orives dasabami. sxvadasxva _
saxelebia. am dasabams _ dafaruli hqvia~. am
SemTxvevaSi cneba `dao yofierisa~ des sinoni-
mad unda iqnas aRqmuli.
`dao de ZinSi~ xSirad gvxvdeba iseTi zneob -
rivi Tvisebebis gamomxatveli cnebebi, rogo ri -
caa: kacTmoyvareoba, zomiereba, mom Wir neoba,
mok rZaleba. kacs yovel wams daRupva emuqreba,
Tuki uaryofs am zneobriv Tvisebebs. amitom
adamianis bunebaSi mTavaria de, anu daos saxi e -
ri gamocxadeba. de, rogorc adamianSi myofi
uma R lesi eTikuri sawyisi, moiTxovs gamudme-
bul srulqmnas, risi wyalobiTac eTikuri kano -
nebi iZenen zemoqmedebis gansakuTrebul Zalas.
dao da misi mudmivi gamovlineba de maradi -
ul ni da ucvlelni arian TavianT moqmedebaSi.
maTi wyalobiT xorcieldeba bunebasa da sazo -
ga doebaSi dausrulebeli procesebi cvale ba -
do baTa da gardaqmnaTa, saganTa da movlenaTa
dausrulebeli wrebrunva.
*
lao-Zis moZRvrebaSi erT-erTi centra lu -
ri adgili bunebiTobis kanons uWiravs. lao-Zi
fiqrobda, rom boroteba, surosaviT rom exve -
oda CineTs, kerZod ki jous epoqis imperias,
tradiciuli eTikisa da zneobis aRorZinebaSi
mdgo mareobda, e. w. `netar xelmwifeTa moZRv -
rebis~ aRiarebaSi, rasac konfuci efuZneboda.
lao-Zim amitom daisaxa miznad mieca xal xisa T -
vis bunebiT yofierebas dafuZnebuli moZ R v re -
ba. igi, konfucis sapirispirod, ar cdila ada -
38
mi a nebisaTvis Tavs moexvia Tavisi Tvalsazrisi
da zegavlena moexdina maTze. es daarRvevda
bunebiTobis kanons da misive msoflmxedvelo-
bis sawinaaRmdego iqneboda (gaixseneT konfu-
cisa da lao-Zis dialogi bunebiTobis Sesaxeb).
yalbi qadagebiT ki ar cdila daexsna kaci dabne -
u lobisagan, aramed surda aRedgina adamianSi
pirvelqmnili mdgomareoba, roca adamiani jer
kidev ar icnobda rituals. roca jer kidev ar
iyo Secnobili mSveniereba _ simaxinjis sapi -
ris pirod, ar iyo Secnobili sikeTe _ borote-
bis sapirispirod. es iyo diadi Tanxmobisa da
erTianobis, bunebiTobis umwikvlo mdgomareo-
ba. upirveles yovlisa, vin da ra aris bunebiTi?
dao. daoa bunebiTobis safuZvelTa safuZveli.
odes kaci bunebis Sesabamisad moqmedebs, dao
da de bunebrivad iZvrian mis sulSi, mis tanSi.
am dros kaci daos Sesatyvisad moqmedebs. dao
maSin moqmedebs bunebiTad, odes sulSi arc
ganzraxvaa, arc motivebi, arc Zalmomreoba,
arc moqmedeba. buneba ver itans raime garegnul
Carevas. vinc cdilobs Secvalos saganTa bu ne -
bi Ti svla, daumorCilos igi Tavis pirad miz -
nebs, aucileblad damarcxdeba. lao-Zi amitom
ambobs: `vinca mZlavrobiT eufleba samya ros:
aqedanve vWvret _ ver miaRwevs sawa dels. sam-
yaro saidumlo WurWels hgavs: Sexeba misi ar
egebis. vinca Seexeba: xelyofs mis Tan xmo bas.
vinca daeufleba: umalve dahkargavs mas~. adami-
ans ar Seswevs Zala Secvalos saganTa bunebiTi
moZraoba, radganac igi Tavad aris obieqturi
samyaros nawili da mis kanonebs emor Ci le ba.
39
umaRlesi codniT aRWurvili brZe ni anu
yovladbrZeni Tavisi sibrZnis wya lo biT unda
daubrundes pirvelqmnil mdgomareobas da ga -
nur Cevlobas, rogorc Cvili. lao-Zi ambobs: `me
ubralo var. me erTi var mSvidad da uCi narad. me
arvin mixmobs. me yrmas vgavar, vinca jerac ar
mov lenila~. dasabamSi dab runeba ierarqiulia,
igive srulqmnisaken mimswrafi gzaa da
uzarmazar Zalas moiTxovs. amitom aris, rom:
`vin ca umaRles siwmindes flobs: gankicxuls
hgavs. vinca umaRles zneo bas flobs: briyvs
hgavs~. swored `gankicxuloba~, `sibriyve~, `gu -
li sulelisa~ pirvelqmni lo bisa da bune bi To -
bis sinonimebad unda aRviq vaT. samyaros kosmo -
lo giur da metafizikur gaaz rebaSic igive su -
ra Tia: `uudides oTxk uT xeds kuTxeebi ar uCas.
uudi des WurWels didxans amzadeben. uumZ lav -
re si xma _ uxmoa. uudidesi saxeba _ usaxieria~.
ro ca lao-Zi uaryofs `mecnierobas~, igive
`cru metyvelebas~ (da ara azrov nebasa da Sina -
gan codnas, wminda sib r Znes), mas mxedvelobaSi
aqvs daos absoluturi ganurCevlobis wvdoma
wminda suliTa da wminda, Tanxmobadaur Rve ve -
li, gonebis ZaliT.
daosisTvis mTavari iyo ara winaparTa sib r -
Zne Tavisi didebuli tradiciebiT, ara kac T -
moy vareobisa da samarTlianobis qadageba so -
ci alur urTierTobebSi, aramed bunebiTi ub ra -
lo eba da simartive, vnebaTa da survilTa daT -
r gunva da am gziT simSvidis mopoveba. daoizmis
pirveli adeptebic sisadavesa da azris sicxa -
des, morCilebasa da Tanalmobas, bunebiTobasa
40
da umoqmedobas qadagebdnen. `dao de Zinis~ mi -
xed viT, es aris yvelaze didi sibrZnec, kacT -
moy vareobaca da samarTlianobac. rituali ki,
ra sac konfuci qadagebda, mxolod zRudavs
ada mianis bunebiT ganviTarebas. lao-Zisa da
konfucis saubrebidan aSkarad Cans bune bi To -
bis kanonTan maTi gansxvavebuli damokidebu -
leba, rac saxelmwifoebriv, sazogadoebriv da
pirovnul sferoebSi Taviseburad airekleba.
konfucis miaCnda, rom misi saukunisaTvis au -
cilebeli iyo sagnebisaTvis saxelebis darqme-
va. mas surda, rom adamiani yofiliyo kacT mo -
yva re da ewodebinaT amisTvis kacTmoy va reoba,
ada mians aResrulebina Tavisi movaleoba mSob -
lebisadmi da ewodebinaT amisTvis movaleoba,
adamiani yofiliyo erTguli Tavisi xel mwifisa
da ewodebinaT amisTvis erTguleba. lao-Zi
sxva nairad fiqrobda: `odes diadi wesrigi dam -
yar da: yovels Tavisi saxeli ewoda. sa xe lebma
dasamzRvres saganTa samzRvrebi. vinca Sed ga da
Seico saganTa samzRvrebi: saf rTxi sa gan daixs-
na Tavi~. lao-Zi Tvlida, rom Tuki ada mianebma
uwyian, isini rom kacTmoyvareni, mowiwebulni
da erTgulni arian da aRniSnaven kidec amas, es
imas niSnavs, rom arsi gamqrala da mxo lodRa
mi si aCrdili darCenila. mtredi banaobisagan
ar aris TeTri, yvavic imitom ki ar aris Savi,
rom iRebeba. mtredma rom banaoba daiwyos, yvav-
ma ki Rebva, gana es ar iqneba niSani imisa, rom maT
daukargavT TavianTi bunebiTi feri da saxe?
kac Ta modgmac asea. yvela rom namdvilad kac T -
moyvare, mowiwebuli da erTguli iyos, aravin
41
gansjida am cnebaTa Sinaarss da arc aravis das -
Wirdeboda maTi xseneba. yvela rom saTno iyos,
mankierebaTa saxelwodebebic ar amotivtivde-
boda adamianis gonebaSi. duglasi wers: `lao-Zi
Tavis gamoTqmebSi iseve maRla dgas konfucize,
rogorc qristes mcnebani moses kanonebze. kon-
fuci mieltovda WurWlis garegnul ganwmen-
das, ritualisa da ceremoniis uc v lel aRs ru -
le bas rogorc samefo karze, ise sam saxurSi Tu
ojaxSi, sadilobis drosa da sa wolSi wolis po -
zis wesebis dacvas. magram lao-Zi Sors wavida
da, bunebis ucvleli kano ne bidan rom amodio-
da, risi wyalobiTac mTel sam ya roSi Ta na mim -
dev robiT aris ganlagebuli susti da Zlieri
Za lebi, qadagebda: `kacni dia do ben, odes mda b -
l debian. da mdab l de bian, odes di adoben~.
TviTbunebiToba yvela winaaRmdegobas
xsnis da yovelive erT absolutur erTianobaSi
ik rebs Tavs. amas moaqvs simSvide da mSvidoba
qvey nad. van bi ase gansazRvravs am cnebas: `TviT -
bunebiTobis morCileba niSnavs iyo kvad rat Si
da morCilebde kvadrats, iyo wreSi da mor Ci -
lebde wres~. odes srul TviT bu ne bi To bas
mivaRwevT, moixsneba urTierT wi naaR mde go ba
WeSmaritsa da crus, siyvarulsa da si Zul vils,
sinaTlesa da sibneles, dabadebasa da sik v d ils,
keTilsa da borots Soris. TviT bu ne bi Tobis
erT-erTi umaRlesi gamovlinebaa umoq me doba
(`u-vei~). umoqmedobis principma gansa kuT -
rebuli zegavlena moaxdina Cinuri filo so -
fiuri azris (da ara mxolod filosofiuri) Sem -
dgom ganviTarebaze. es principi `dao de ZinSi~
42
iRebs Tavis kanonizirebul dasabams. umo q me -
doba, rogorc eTikuri principi, aris ana rekli
daosuri metafizikuri aryofnisa, ris umTav -
res atributs TviTbunebiToba warmo ad gens.
umoqmedoba bunebaSive Zevs da misi gamovli -
nebaa. kaci, Tuki surs ar gaubedurdes, movalea
daicvas umoqmedoba, radganac dao ver iTmens
veraviTar arabunebiT Carevas. swored ami tom
aris, rom lao-Zis umoqmedoba srul pa si u ro -
basa da ar qmnas ki ar niSnavs, aramed moq me de bas
bunebiTi kanonebis mixedviT, sa gan Ta bu ne biTi
arsisadmi morCilebasa da daos ka no nebTan
Tanxmier qmedebas. aseT dros yo ve li arsi TviT -
moZraobaSi brunavs. Zvelad, vinc daos flobda,
imas ki ar mieltvoda, xalxi rom gane swavla,
aramed imas, kacni rom ub ra loni yofiliyvnen.
xalxSi pirmoT ne obasa da siyalbes ki ar aRvi -
vebdnen, aramed WeSmarit saT noebas, gulwrfe -
lo basa da uangarobas. es iyo umoqmedoba. moq me -
debas mxolod im SemT xve va Si aqvs azri, odes
qvey nad simSvide sufevs da moq medeba daos bu -
ne biTi kanonebis mixedviT xor ciel deba. lao-Zi
umoqmedobaSi gulisx mob da adamianis bunebiTi
mdgomareobis daur Rve v lo bas vne bebiTa da
grZno bebiT, rasac mxolod ziani moaqvs ada mi a -
ni sa Tvis. `Tu mdidarni da di debulni medi du -
roben: Tavad iubedureben Tavs~.
adamianis zneobrivi srulqmnis, umaRlesi
saTnoebis miRweva SeuZlebelia umoqmedobis
gareSe. lao-Zi ambobs: `kaci, raJams saqmes
ganasrulebs: simartoveSi unda ukudges. kaci,
saqmes rom aRasrulebs: sofliur usasrulobas
43
unda SeerTos~. es aris moqmedebiT umoqmedoba,
anu piriqiT _ umoqmedobiT moqmedeba. lao-Zim
Tavisi piradi cxovrebiT Seasrula es. rogorc
gadmogvcemen, lao-Zim, sazogadoebrivi Tu
socialur-politikuri viTarebiT ukmayofi -
lom, datova saxelmwifo samsaxuri da ganmar-
tovda. es iyo, rogorc sinologiuri litera-
turidan cnobilia, uprecendento SemTxveva
imJamindeli CineTis istoriaSi. lao-Zim mTeli
Tavisi cxovreba Wvretasa da Sinagan gansjas
miuZRvna, Seqmna `dao de Zini~ da gauCinarda.
umoqmedobis koncefcias bunebrivad ukav -
Sir deba dumilis cneba. `brZeni dums. umecari
qadagebs~ _ gvmoZRvravs lao-Zi. dumili igive
umoq medobaa, anu qmnadobaa Wvretasa da Sinagan
gansjaSi.
umoqmedoba WeSmariti mizania brZenkacisa.
mas Seucvnia, rom vnebebis uqonlobas umaRlesi
simSvide moaqvs da qveynad samarTlianoba myar -
deba. yovelnairi moqmedeba ZirTaZiria tan -
jvisa da mwuxarebisa. rogoric yovelive arsis
absoluturi dasabamia, iseTivea misi sasrulic,
adamianis miwiuri ideali. Tu daos cnebaSi xil-
vadi yofierebis arsebobis azrsac CavdebT,
maSin lao-Zis moZRvrebis mixedviT, kacTaTvis
aryofna umjobesia, vinem yofiereba. amitom am -
bobs lao-Zi: `xalxs imad ara akrTobs sikvdili:
sicocxles rom morCilad mieltvis. amad ar
akrTobs sikvdili. amad aris sicocxlis mor Ci -
li: brZeni. xolo sicocxleze aR ze ve buli: ume-
cari~. amitom: visac Seucvnia dao _ dums, visac
ar Seucvnia dao _ qadagebs. vinca Seicno dao:
44
mdumarea, yurdaxSulia, Tvalda wu xulia, umoq -
medoa, gawyvetili aqvs yofiTi kav Sirebi,
brwyinvaleba mimcxrali aqvs da briyvs emsgav -
seba. mxolod am dros hgavs kaci daos _ bu ne -
biT sa da umoqmedos.
*
`dao de ZinSi~ erT-erTi adgili morCi le -
bis moZRvrebas uWiravs. morCilebis udidesi
ga mov lena TviT daos saxeSia mocemuli. dao
yvelaze did saqmeebs iqms, magram yovelTvis da -
fa rulia da uCinari. yovelnairi aRzeveba ewi -
na aR mdegeba daos. aRzevebasa da me di du ro baSi
arsiseuli araferia, igi warmavalia da aramdg -
ra di. kacisTvis WeSmariti dideba da pativi
Tav mdabloba da morCilebaa. yoveli arsi iSvis
da Zaldautaneblad mieltvis arsebobas, aRwevs
ganviTarebis srulqmnas, magram arasodes
qedmaRlobs. kacic ase unda iyos: usamzRvro
mor CilebiT unda Trgunavdes Tavis TavSi
Zalmomreobas. lao-Zi saTnoebisa da mor Ci le -
bis nimuSad wyals asaxelebs: `umaR le si saT no -
eba wyals hgavs. wyals wyaloba moaqvs yoveli
arsisTvis... umaRlesi saTnoeba _ mor Cilebas
mieltvis~. daosi gaurboda erTfe ro van da mZi -
me cxovrebas, iltvoda nivTieri yofis saz Rv -
re bis iqiT gasvlas da daosuri simSvidiT
aRsavse miRma samyaroebTan Serwymas, rac
RvTiuri miwiuri cxovrebiT, anu bedisweris
mor CilebiT aRwevda. visac surs daeuflos
des, anu zneobriv srulqmnas, unda iyos mor Ci -
li, rogorc mdedri. `dao de ZinSi~ vkiT xu -
45
lobT: `mdedri TvinierebiT imorCilebs mamrs...
mdedri TvinierebiTve morCilebs mamrs... mor -
Ci leba mokrZalebas badebs da kr Za lul ni mor -
Ci leben erTurTs~. morCileba erT-erTi mTa -
vari saTnoebaTagania da uSualod ukav Sirdeba
zomierebis kategoriebs: morCi leba gvaziarebs
cxovrebis maradiul mdinarebas, radganac ma -
ra diuli ufro maRla dgas kerZosa da war-
mavalze. unda vmonawileobdeT sicocxlis
moZraobis saerTo principSi, raTa ar dairRves
sicocxlis saerTo da erTiani Tanxmoba, ar
davuSvaT uwesrigoba da qaosi. sulis simSvide,
mozRvavebuli vnebaTa daT r gunva _ ai, zneob -
rivi srulqmnis safuZ veli, rac TavisTavad
morCilebis sawindaria.
lao-Zi, samyaros ierarqiuli Tanxmobis
kanonis Tanaxmad, aRiarebs ierarqiis kanons
saxel mwifo wyobilebaSic, diad Tanxmobas
kacTa urTierTdamokidebulebasa da morCi le -
baSi. yovelive amas dao ganagebs. amitom gvmar -
Tebs daos morCileba, ris darRvevasac ube -
dureba moaqvs. mas Semdeg, rac dasavleT jous
dinastiis erT-erTma imperatorma saxli samad
gahyo, Semdeg ki _ oTxad, Zalauneburad Seic -
va la ZvelTaganve arsebuli urTierTobani. aman
TavisTavad gamoiwvia uaryofiTi cvlilebebi
sazogadoebriv urTierTobebSic. am uar yo fiTi
cvlilebebis mowesrigebasa da maT urTierT -
mor CilebaSi moyvanas saukuneebi dasWirda.
xSirad is ki ar aris ubedureba, sazogadoebis
ro melime fena anda mTeli sazogadoeba uzneod
rom cxovrobs, _ amis aRkveTa odesme moxer -
46
xdeba, ubedureba is aris, am uzneo cxovrebidan
momdinare mankierebaTa aRmofxv ras (rac sayo -
vel Tao zneobrivi kanonis Zalas iZens xolme),
aTeuli da aseuli wlebi sWirdeba. beberi xe
fesvebidan xmeba, magram inerciiT mainc didx-
ans inarCunebs Zalasa da sicocxlis unars da
manam ar waiqceva, vidre mTlianad ar dalpeba da
gaixrwneba. amitom adamiani, ro gorc danarCeni
yoveli arsi, daos bunebiT kanons unda mor Ci -
leb des, am kanonTa morCili kaci uZlevel Za -
las iZens. lao-Zi ambobs: `vinca si diades miel -
t vis: mas morCileba marTebs~. `vinca morCi le -
biT gascems: daeufleba~. `dam Tme neloba Ziria
morCilebisa. xolo morCileba _ des srulqm-
naa~. `vinca ar morCilebs daos: Jammok lea misi
arseboba~.
*
lao-Zi bunebiTobis, umoqmedobis, morCi-
lebis winapirobad iseT zneobriv-sulier kate-
goriebs aRiarebs, rogoricaa damTmenloba,
zomiereba, TviTuaryofa, siwrfele. lao-Zi
acxadebs: `kaci, vinca daeufla damTmenlobas:
xelmwifebs xalxs da msaxurebs cas~. damT me n -
lobis misaRwevad aucilebelia vnebaTa daT -
rgun va, rac wyaroa yovelnairi borotebisa da
ubnelebs adamians gonebisTvals. zneobrivi
srulqmnis kibes ierarqiuli ganviTarebis sa -
fexurebi aqvs _ qvevidan zeviT. yvelaze qveda
sa fexuri aris damTmenloba, brZeni kaci uku ag -
debs vnebebs da eufleba daos umaRles arss. igi
gulisyuriT icavs Tavis TavSi Sinagan kacs da
47
ubiwo brundeba iq, saidanac iSva, ubrundeba ar -
yof nas, anu daos. igi eufleba mxolod simar T -
les, ukuagdebs yovelive moCvenebiTsa da
yalbs. mxolod am gziT aris SesaZlebeli Tvis -
to misaTvis codvaTa patieba da misi Seyva re ba,
sikeTis uSurveli qmna. brZeni kaci mieltvis
TviTflobasa da damTmenlobas, ra sac yovel-
nairi netarebisa da fufunebis uar yofiT aR -
wevs. lao-Zi ambobs: `yovladbrZeni, Seus ve neb -
lad mavali: niadag Tan axlavs umZimes etls. ar
aklia dideba da brwyinvaleba: magram ar in Tqme -
ba didebaSi. man uwyis warmavaloba soflisa~.
damTmenloba safuZvelia Tav da de buli kacT -
moy vareobisa, xolo maTi ZirTaZiri daoa. mxo -
lod vnebaTa daTrgunva da dam Tmen loba migviy-
vans daos simaRlemde. vnebiT Sep yrobili ver
miaRwevs yvelaze martiv WeSma ri tebasac ki, ver
SesZlebs keTil saqmeTa qmnas. `vinca daipyra
vnebebi: ixila dao dafarulisa. vinca daipyra
vnebebma: ixila dao yofierisa~ _ ai, ra didi
gans xvavebaa maT Soris, vinca daiT mina da vinca
ver daiTmina. mxolod damTmen lo biTa da
simSvidiT miiRweva zneobrivi srulqmna, dam -
yar deba sayovelTao mSvidoba da wesrigi. yove-
live es ki sawindaria sayovelTao siyva rulisa,
risi umaRlesi gansaxierebac aris dao. lao-Zi
siyvarulis yvelaze umaRles Tvisebad mtre-
bisadmi siyvaruls aRiarebs: `sikeTe miage mo -
Zu les Sensas~. `keTilTac sikeTes mivageb da
ukeTurTac sikeTes mivageb~. am sikeTiT Seiqms
umaRles saTnoebas. `erTgulTac verTguleb da
orgulTac verTguleb”. am erTgulebiT Seiqms
48
umaRles saTnoebas~. `ufro didi ubedureba
araferia: gZuldes mteri Seni. mtris siZul -
vili vnebs daos~. duglasi wers: `lao-Zim Seqmna
amaRlebuli da wminda sistema. zneobriv kano -
nebSi is araTu CamorCeboda sxva warmarT filo -
sofosebs, mniSvnelovnad gadaaWarba kidec yve-
las, iqadaga ra yvelaze uRirs SesaniSnavesi
mcneba qristianobisa: `sikeTe miage borote-
bas~. amaves imeorebs `dao de Zinis~ rusul enaze
mTargmneli d.konisi: `...ar gadavaWarbeb Tu
vit yvi, rom qristianobis gamoCenamde ar yofi-
la iseTi amaRlebuli da mwyobri zneobrivi
moZRvreba, rogoric iyo lao-Zis sistema. mar -
Ta lia, Sakia munic qadagebda amaRlebul zne -
obriv moZRvrebas, magram masSi bevri wi na aR -
mde goba da gadaWarbebaa, rac lao-Zis sistemaSi
TiTqmis ar aris. Tumca ebrauli morali budis-
tur moralze maRla idga, igi qada gebda: `Tvali
Tvalisa wil da kbili kbili sa wil~, rac lao-
ZisTvis ucxo iyo. igi qadagebda Tavganwirul
kacTmoyvareobasa da mtrebisadmi siyvaruls~.
lao-Zi zomierebas aRiarebs moRvaweobis
saerTo zneobriv kanonad. zomiereba awesrigebs
da awonasworebs adamianis yovelnair gamovli -
nebas. zomierebis damcveli kaci brZenia, saT -
noebis umaRlesi gansaxierebaa. lao-Zi ambobs:
`vinca bevrs RaRadebs _ marcxdeba. zomierebaa
yo velives Ziri da fuZe~. magram lao-Zi zo mi e -
rebas aRiarebs samyaroul movlenaTa da
moZraobis diad sawyisad. zomierebis meoxebiT
arsebobs cisqveSeTi maradiulad. amitom visac
surs JamgrZeloba, zomierebas unda daeuflos.
49
zomiereba, iseve rogorc damTmenloba, zneob -
rivi srulqmnis safuZvelia. zomierebas mohyavs
ca da miwa diad Tanxmobasa da wesrigSi, yoveli
arsi zomierebiT sazrdoobs da cocxlobs.
lao-Zis mixedviT, zomiereba Sinagan Tanxmobas
niSn avs, Tanxmobas samyarouli sicocxlis moZ -
raobasTan, rac maradiulia da ucvleli. ami -
tom, zomierebac maradiulia da ucvleli ka no -
nia yofierebisa, mas Cinelebi maradiul zo mi e -
re bas (`ju-iun~) uwodeben. kaci, moq ce u li casa
da miwas Sua da matarebeli maTi uc v le li
kanonebisa, moqmedebaSi wonasworobisaken unda
miiswrafvodes, wonasworobisaken swrafva ki
igive zomierebis codnas niSnavs. zomiereba
uki duresobebs garidebuli arsebobaa. zo mi e -
re ba mudam iq aris, sadac niadag igiveobrioba
da ucvleloba mefobs. zomiereba gonebiT Sei -
mec neba da Tavad aris gonebis gamov lineba, misi
saxesxvaoba. zomiereba da damTmenloba sim Svi -
dis, uSfoTvelobis, winaRudgomlobis Sedegia.
lao-Zi saTnoebis erT-erT umaRles saxed
siwr feles miiCnevs, rogorc sibrZnisa da si -
keTis umTavres maxasiaTebels. siwrfele wya -
roa mSvidobisa da dasabami uwesrigobis aRkve -
Tisa. igi cis gzaa, amitom aris kacis gzac. siwr -
fe le da gulis ubraloeba zneobrivi kate-
goriebia da imitom aris umaRlesi saTnoeba,
rom daosa da bunebiTobis wilxvedria. amis ga -
re Se SeuZlebelia zneobrivi srulqmnis miR -
weva. `dao de ZinSi~ vkiTxulobT: `vinca velia
samyarosi: maradiul des eufleba da Cvilis
mdgo mareobas ubrundeba... vinca xatia samya ro -
50
si: maradiul des eufleba da pirveldasabams
ubrundeba... vinca Sesakrebelia samyarosi:
umaRles des eufleba da bunebiTobas ubrunde-
ba~. siwrfele da gulis ubraloeba uxeSi umec -
re ba rodia, _ RvTaebrivi da umanko ubra -
loebaa. `vinca avsilia uwmindesi suliT da
flobs uxilav Zalebs: morCilia, viTarca Cvi -
li. vinca avsilia uwmindesi suliT da flobs
da farul saidumlos: ucTomelia da JamgrZe -
li~. aseTi kaci araTu emgvaneba axalSo bils,
ubrundeba kidec Cvilis mdgomareobas. lao-Zis
moZRvrebis Tanaxmad ki _ es aris yvelaze didi
siZliere da swored am mdgomareobaSi myofi
flobs daos da des. lao-ZisTvis zneobac
iseTive amaRlebuli da sulierebis ganmsaz Rv -
reli faqtoria, rogorc dao, zneobac iseve
uxilvelia da aranivTieri, rogorc dao. lao-
Zi ambobs: `vinca morCilebs daos: daos Tana ar -
sia. vinca morCilebs des: des Tanaarsia. vinca
morCilebs warmavals: warmavlis Tanaarsia~. `o,
ra Rrmaa da miuwvdomeli: umaRlesi de. igi ara s
hgavs samyaroSi. magram Sesakrebelia yove-
livesi da Semoqmedi diadi Tanxmobisa~.
lao-Zi TviTuaryofas erT-erT umTavres
eTikur kanonad ganixilavda. TviTuaryofa
daos sruli morCileba da bunebiTobis mixed -
viT moqmedebaa. igi ambobs: `yovladbrZeni yove -
li ves morCilia. morCilia da gawinam ZRv re bu -
lia. uaryofs xorciel tans da sofliur mar-
adisobas erTvis~. lao-Zi TviTuaryofis ide-
alur arsebad wyals asaxelebs, romelic sid-
ables mieltvis da iq arsebobs, sadac adamians
51
ar ZaluZs arseboba. swored amitom `meufeben
velTa da mindorTa~. visac surs ixelmwifos da
keTilad uwinamZRvros xalxs, igi masze dabla
unda dgebodes. aseT dros, Tumc xelmwife
winam ZRvrobs xalxs, magram xalxi ver grZnobs
mis xelmwifebas. lao-Zi ambobs: `keTilia xelm -
wife: vinca dums da aras iTxovs xalxisagan~.
aseT xelmwifes mTeli cisqveSeTi adi debs da
morCileben mas, rogorc TviT morCilebs daos.
brZens ZaluZs gawinam ZRvrdes, Tuki mowiwebiT
moidreks muxls xalxis winaSe. `vinca gax-
elmwifebas mieltvis: mokrZaleba marTebs~. aq
`mokrZaleba~ da `mowiweba~ TviTuaryofis kat-
egoriebad aRiqmeba.
`dao de ZinSi~ saubaria mamacsa da Tavmda-
balze erTdroulad, rac gvixsnis lao-Zis
paradoqsul dialeqtikas magarsa da rbilze,
zeimursa da arazeimurze, didebasa da uCina-
robaze. Tu siZlieres da sisadaves Tan Tavmda-
bloba ar axlavs, araviTari eTikuri Rire -
buleba maT ar aqvT. dao imitom aris diadi, rom
igi ar diadobs. es aris TviTuaryofis udiadesi
kanoni. samocdameTeqvsmete TavSi magarisa da
Zlieris kategoriebi upirispirdeba rbilisa
da sustis kategoriebs. kacs, visac silbo da
sisuste dauflebia, Seswevs unari Seicnos maga-
risa da Zlieris gadasvla rbilsa da sustSi.
Tuki am orive mdgomareobas Rrmad Seicnobs
kaci, ZaluZs daeuflos silbosa da sisustes da
gauwinamZRvrdes xalxs. rbili da susti TviT -
uaryofis kategoriebia, rac udi des energiaTa
dagrovebas da am energiis ZaliT daos wvdomas
52
moaswavebs. roca kaci erTdro u lad eufleba
rbilsa da susts, es is mdgomareobaa, roca mas
ZaluZs Seicnos deda, anu dao. roca magari da
Zlieri iltvis rbilisa da sustisaken, es im
mdgomareobis miRwevas niS navs, roca ZalgviZs
SevicnoT Ze, anu yoveli arsi. deda daoa, xolo
Ze _ daos mier war mo Sobili yoveli arsi. lao-
Zis yvela debuleba ki daos dauflebas qa da -
gebs. aforizmi: `vinca Seicno deda: man Zed
Seicno Tavi. vinca Zed Seicno Tavi: man Seicno
deda. xorci misi kvdeba: suli ki ukvdavia~ _
niSnavs daos mier war mo So bili calkeuli sag-
nis TviTkmarobas. es cneba, Tu mas davSliT da
Rrmad gaviazrebT, TviTuar yofis cnebasTan
migviyvans. am cnebas filosofosi men-Zi ase gan-
martavs: `wvrTen Tavi Seni da miaRwev siwrfe-
les. es ki moganiWebs udides TviTkmarobas~. mi -
si ve azriT, `grZnoba Sebra le bisa~ aris `ka c T -
moyvareobis safuZveli~. am cnebiT des cnebac
ganimarteba. Tu de aris daos warmoqmnili
calkeuli sagnis umaRlesi kategoriis Tviseba,
rbilisa da sustis daufleba niSnavs daos dau-
flebas. xolo swrafva magarisa da Zlierisa
rbilisa da sustisaken niSnavs des flobas. dao
rbilsa da susts niSnavs, xolo de _ magarisa da
Zlieris swrafvas rbilisa da sustisaken. dao
roca qucmacdeba, imad gardaicvleba, risi
TviT ganviTarebac rbilsa da susts efuZneba.
si tyvebi: `gacod vileba~, `datanjva~ _ rbilisa
da sustis kategoriebia. am gamoTqmebs Tu cal -
ke ul cnebebad davaqucmacebT, Semdegs mi vi -
RebT: `arasruli~, `mrudi~, `carieli~, `Zveli~,
53
`mcire~, `mokrZa le ba~, `uCinaroba~, `Tavm dab -
lo ba~, `uRir so ba~, `TviTCaRrmaveba~. yvela es
cneba TviTuar yo fis sinonimebad JRers.
juan-Zi Tavisi Txzulebis ocdamecamete
Tav Si (`cisqveSeTi~) aseTnairad axasiaTebs lao-
Zis pirovnulsa da zneobriv-eTikur Tval saz -
risebs: `sasazRvro saguSagos ufrosma da lao
danma Seismines es mcnebani da friad gai xares.
maT aages TavianTi moZRvreba sam mTavar prin-
cipze: ucvlelobasa, aryofnasa da yofierebaze,
sadac umTavresad aRiares diadi erTi a noba.
TavianTi moZRvrebis garegnul gamov li nebad
maT silbo, sisuste, mokrZaleba da Tav mdab lo ba
miiCnies. mis Sinagan arsad Tvlidnen debulebas,
rom sicariele ar arRvevs arsTa siwyvdiades.
saguSagos ufrosi ambobda: `mis T vis, vinc ikete-
ba Tavis TavSi, forma da arsni TavisiT Seic no -
bian. moZraoba aseTi kacisa bunebrivia, vi Tarca
mdinareba wylisa. misi sim Svi de wmindaa, viTarca
mdinareba wylisa. misi simSvide wmindaa, viTarca
zedapiri tbisa. pa suxi misi ma lia, viTarca eqo.
aseTi kaci uxorcoa, viTarca ararsebuli. wmi-
daa, viTarca simWvirvale, saganTa siwyvdiades
erwymis da TanxmobaSi arsebobs. SeZenils umalve
kargavs. arasodes winauswrebs sxvebs, mudam maT
mihyveba ukan~. lao-dani ambobda: `vinca Seicno
mamroba Tvisi: manve Seicno mded roba Tvisi. igi
velia samyarosi... vinca Seic no naTeli Tvisi:
manve Seicno wyvdiadi Tvisi. igi xatia samya -
rosi~. yvelani pirvelobas mieltvian, mxolod
is erTi amjobinebda ukan dgomas da ambobda:
`CemSia dacema cisqveSeTisa~. yvelani sisavses
54
mieltvian. mxolod is erTi amjobinebda sica -
rieles. ar monagrobda, amitom flobda siuxves.
yvela moTxovnilebas ikmayo fi lebda da mainc
siuxves flobda. ar miel tvoda Tavisi cxovre-
bis uz run velyofas, mainc ar zaraldeboda.
umoqmedod cxovrobda da das ci noda sxvaTa
simarjves. yvelani bednierebas mieltvodnen,
mxo lod is erTi, TavisTvis rom simSvide uzrun-
velyo, eTvi seboda garemoebaT da ambobda: `maga-
ri imsxvreva, basri blagvdeba~. is mudam sul -
grZe li iyo arsTa siwyvdiadisadmi da aravin ara -
vis arTmevda. ai, ras SeiZleba ewodos srul qmnis
mzRvari. o, saguSagos ufroso da lao dan! isini
WeSmaritad didi kacebi iyvnen warsulisa, _
diadni da naTelmxilvelni. bun do vaneba, usam -
zRv roeba da uqonloba formisa. cva lebadoba
da umdgradoba. urTierTmonac v le oba sikvdil-
isa da sicocxlisa. cisa da miwis er Tianoba.
mogzauroba suleTSi. saiT wavideT? _ bundova-
nia. TiTqos arsTa mTeli siwyvdiade er Ti badiT
iyos garsmoculi da aRar rCebodes aRa raferi,
riskenac mibruneba SegveZleboda. _ yovelive
amas Zvelad flobdnen daos da fa rul mcnobe -
lobaSi~. `juan-Zis~ am epizodSi Se uZ lebelia ar
davinaxoT TviTuaryofis principi.
*
vin aris am umaRlesi zneobrivi principebis
ganmaxorcielebeli, rasac lao-Zi qadagebs?
yovladbrZeni. lao-Zis zneobriv-eTikuri kat-
egoriebis Tavis TavSi damtevi da garsmom-
cveli aris yovladbrZeni. daosTan miaxlebuli
55
kaci aris meufe qveynierebisa, man uwyis cvale-
badi kanonebi bunebisa, magram ar axorci e lebs
maT, radganac maTze maRla dgas da ZaluZs
damor Cildes maT, damorCildes, raTa gamoi-
wvios bunebis Zalebi bunebrivad da war marTos
isini Tavisi diadi miznebis Sesabamisad. am
Tvalsaz risidan gamomdinare, lao-Zi avlens
Tavisebur msoflmxedvelobas ukvdavebis anu,
misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, JamgrZelobis
Sesaxeb; wmidanis anu yovladbrZenis damo ki -
de bu le bas bunebasTan, sikvdilTan da sicocx -
les Tan. kaci, vinc miswvdeba daos, mas sikv -
dilis damar cxe bac ZaluZs. igi ambobs: `visac
sicocxle Seucnia da dauTmenia: misTvis vefxsa
da martorqas ara uvnia. abjarausxmeli da uia -
raRo: ver SeukrTia xmalTakveTebas... vinca
Seicno sicocxle da daiTmina: misTvis ar arse-
bobs sikvdili~. adamiani gaukvdavdeba imitom
da im dros, odes SeiTvisebs Tavis wiaRSi RvTa -
eb riv Zalas, odes ukvdavebis wyals dalevs
sikeTisa da sibrZnis saxiT, odes garsmoicavs
Tavis TavSi RvTaebriv sawyisebs. sibrZne, anu
igive siwminde, aniWebs kacs wyalobas icocxlos
sxe ulis kvdomiT da iarsebos, dahyos
yofierebaSi marad _ anu uberebeli da uxrwna-
di tanis (sam Svinvelis) saxiT, an romelime
cocxali arsebis saxiT (am ideas TavisTavad
ukavSirdeba sulTa maradiuli gadasaxlebis
moZRvreba). raki miwiuri sicocxlis xangr Z li -
voba SezRu dulia, bolos da bolos, dgeba wami
daosTan anu ga nur Cev lobasTan, _ uTvisebo da
gamouvlenad yo fi erebaSi, anu aryofnaSi, _
56
Serwymisa. yov lad brZe ni ar saWiroebs empiri-
uli monacemebis cod nas. igi samyarosa da bu -
nebis kanonebs Sei mec nebs gonebiT, WvretiT, anu
gonmWvre te lo biT. brZeni saxlidan gausvle-
lad imecnebs samyaros, sarkmlidan gauxedavad
Wvrets cTo milTa moZraobis kanonebs. misTvis
araviTar au cileblobas ar warmoadgens uSu a -
lod ukav Sir debodes sagnebs da movlenebs, mas
isedac ZaluZs maTi Sinagani, imanenturi xilva
da axsna. yovladbrZenis Semecnebis procesi,
lao-Zis mi xedviT, umTavresad analogiuri Se -
mec nebiT igeba: `Seican Tavi Seni da Seicnob
sxvebs. Sei can saxleuli Seni da Seicnob sxvisas.
Seican sofeli Seni da Seicnob soflebs. Seican
qveyana Seni da Seicnob qveynebs. Seican samyaro
da Seicnob samyaros~.
`dao de Zinis~ mixedviT, qveynad arsebobs
ori kategoriis brZenkaci. erTma uwyis uRrmesi
da dafaruli saidumlo `bunebiTi daosi~ da
umoq medobis kanonebiT moqmedebs da iRvwis: is
flobs daos yvela umTavres Tvisebas. lao-Zi
aseT brZens `umaRles des~ mqones anu `yovlad -
brZens~ uwodebs. yovladbrZeni morCilebs da
axorcielebs daos udiades kanonebs. meorea
moC venebiTi, anu crubrZeni, romelic `moq me -
debs mZlavrobiT~, daos kanonebis sapiris pi -
rod. lao-Zi maT axasiaTebs, rogorc `udables
des~ mqoneT. aseTni arRveven bunebiT arsebobas
da borotebas Tesen qveynad. Tumca isini mZlav -
ro ben, mainc aravin morCilebs maT. maSin isini
`Tavad aiZuleben yovels saTayvanod~ da am miz -
niT sxvadasxva zneobriv cnebebs igoneben. ase -
57
Te bia: kacTmoyvareoba, Tayvaniscema, rituali.
yove live es, `dao de Zinis~ mixedviT, cru Sina -
ar sis Semcveli cnebebia da dasabamia umecre-
bisa. isini maSin evlinebian qveyanas, odes daos
uaryofisa da verSecnobis Jami dgeba. udablesi
des mflobeli kaci yovelnairi pir moTneobiT
yalb zneobriv cnebebs igonebs, Tanac ar iklebs
araviTar amqveyniur keTil dRe obas da brwyin-
vale sasaxleSi cxovrobs. lao-Zi ambobs: `dide-
bulni Tu ZvirfaseuliT Semosilan, brwyinvale
saWurvliT SeWurvilan, ukadrisoben mdabiur
sufras da fufunebaSi yelamde Caflulan: es
avazakobaa da zviadoba. nuTu esaa dao?~ maT
mier SeTxzul cnebebSi mxolod farisevloba
da pirmoTneoba iniRbeba. lao-Zi faqtiurad
upirispirdeboda konfuciur Tvalsazriss.
erT-erTi Sexvedris dros lao-Zis ase uTqvams
konfucisaTvis: uaryavi Sen Seni sibrZne da
keTilgoniereba, maSin xalxi asgzis bednieri
iqneba. uari Tqvi Sens kacT moyvareobaze da
ganudeqi Sens samarTlianobas, maSin xalxi
daubrundeba ZeTa mowiwebas da mamaTa siy-
varuls. daiviwye Seni xelovneba da daTme Seni
Semosavali, maSin qurdobac moispoba. war mo a Ci -
ne Seni saxe Seulamazeblad, dai cavi siwminde,
daTrgune sakuTari Tavis siyvaruli da alagme
Seni pativmoyvaruli survilebi. daukvirdiT,
ro gor hgavs es sityvebi `dao de Zinis~ erT-erT
da moZRvras: `me aras viqm da: xalxs Tavad euf -
leba srulqmnileba. me mSvidad var da: xalxs
Tavad eufleba keTilSobilba. me vnebadam-
cxrali var da: xalxs Tavad eufleba ubraloe-
58
ba~. savsebiT dasaSvebia, es Sexvedra kidev erTi
lamazi ga mo na goni iyo daoselTa, magram masSi
rom lao-Zis moZRvrebis WeSmariti arsi Wvivis,
es ucxadesia. moZRvreba, mxolod pi r moT neo bi -
saTvis rom iRvwis, ryvnis TviT myo fa do basa da
xalxis cxovrebis simar tives, ada mianSi lamazi
da iSviaTi nivTebis SeZenis cxovel survils ba -
debs, da wyaroa SfoTisa da ube du re bisa, daos
sapirispirod svlas moas wavebs, ra sac mxo lod
ziani moaqvs adamianTa mod gmi saT vis. lao-Zis
mizani iyo dabruneboda, ufro swo rad,
aRedgina adamianis pirvelqmnili cxo v rebis
Sinagani mdgomareoba. es moitanda sa yo ve l Tao
simSvidesa da mSvidobas. igi am bobs: `vinca
aRivso si ca ri e liT: aRivso udia desi sim Svi -
diT. vinca aRivso udi adesi sim Svi diT: aRiv so
sicarieleSi arsTa wrebrunviT... dasa bamSi
dabrunebas _ simSvide hqvia. simSvides _ arsSi
dabruneba hqvia. arsSi dabrunebas _ maradiso-
ba hqvia~.
yovladbrZens ara aqvs survilebi vinmes an
raimes ebrZolos, radganac mas ar surs hqondes
raime gansazRvruli Sexedulebani, grZnobebic
ki. igi mxolod xalxis cxovrebiT cxovrobs.
`dao de ZinSi~ vkiTxulobT: `yovladbrZenis
guli carielia. misi guli xalxis gulis Sesak -
re belia. mas Seswevs Zali: gaibunebos eris az -
ri~. kaci, vinc icis diadobisa da brwyinva lebis
fasi da mainc uCinrad cxovrobs, yvelsTvis
samagaliToa. yvelasTvis samaga liTo saT no e -
biT aris avsili da axalSobilis sinorCesa da
sisustes flobs, swored amiT ubrundeba Tavis
59
uxsovar pirvelarss. vinc icis, ra aris dideba
da mainc Cumad cxovrobs, xiluli velia samya -
rosi, cisqveSeTis amZravi Zalaa. vinc cis qve -
SeTis xiluli velia, igi maradiuli saTnoebiT
aris avsili da daos dausabamobas SeerTvis.
dideba da gamoCineba, `dao de Zinis~ mixedviT,
ar aris namdvili gamomxatveli diadobisa da
brwyinvalebisa, radganac igi ewinaaRmdegeba
daos Zireul kanonebs. namdvili dideba uCi na -
roba da umoqmedo moqmedebaa, anu siwrfelea,
qmnaa sikeTisa qedmaRlobisa da medidurobis
gareSe. ama soflis dideba da pativi aramdgra-
dia da cvalebadi, xrwnadia da mswraflwarmava -
li. maTSi araferia arsiseuli. lao-Zi ambobs:
`vinca didebas mieltvis: ver eRirseba qveynad
didebas. vinca gandidebas mieltvis: ver ga wi -
nam ZRvrdeba qveynad. Tu daos davimoZRvravT:
yovelive es _ fuWia da amaoeba. aseTni sZags
yovel arss~. uCinaroba da CrdilSi dgoma aris
WeSmariti pativi da dideba kacisa, gandidebi sa -
ken swrafvas ki mxolod SiSi uZevs safuZ v lad.
lao-Zi ambobs: `kacni SiSiT ixveWen didebas da
SiSiTve kargaven mas~. yovladbrZeni `mor Ci -
lebs arsTa bunebiTobas da dafarul wiaRSi maT
ukuqcevas~. igi sikeTisa da borotebis sazomad
daos aRiarebs. daos Tanxmoba da morCileba
sikeTea, daos uaryofa _ boroteba. WeS ma ri -
tebis es gamoZaxili, Tu qristologiur cnebas
vix marT, Sinagani adamiania, is adamiani, vi sac
Za luZs gansajos adamianis zneoba. brZen ni
uZve le si warsulisa flobdnen daos da fa rul
sai dumlos. isini diad saqmeebs iqmdnen, mag ram
60
ar qedmaRlobdnen, piriqiT _ idu malebiT iyv-
nen garemoculni da mokrZalebiT cxovrobdnen.
daos msgavsad, yovelives sxva TaTvis iqmdnen da
arasodes euflebodnen imas, rasac Tavad qmnid-
nen. `morCilebdnen daos da kmarobdnen mci -
reds... sisavses ar miel tvodnen da: ganaxleba
ar surdaT. ganaxleba ar surdaT da: kma rob dnen
Zvels. kmarobdnen Zvels da: srulqmnas flobd-
nen~. `yovladbrZeni ar ixveWs. yoveli ves
xalxisaTvis iqms da yovelives gascems. rac
ufro mets gascems: mets moisTvlis kvlav-
gasacemad~. isini niadag imas ufrTxodnen,
cxovrebis bu ne biTi mdinareba rom ar daer -
RviaT, imiT isazRv rebodnen, rac erT xelve iyo
mocemuli bunebaSi da ar miel tvodnen axlis
Seqmnas. yovladbrZens ar aqvs sakuTari miznebi,
mTeli misi gulis yu ri, misi xvedri xalxis
xvedriskenaa mipyrobili. misi mizani erTia:
uboZos xalxs `saz rde li _ ge m ri eli. samoseli
_ mSvenieri. saxl-kari _ myud ro. xolo
cxovreba _ mSvi dobiani~. es ani Webs yov lad -
brZens uZlevelobas da am saT no Zli e re biT
umorCilebs Tavis sakuTar da xal xis cxov rebas
daos kanonebs. amitomaa: `yov lad brZeni mfar -
velia da Ta nam lmobeli xalxisa. xal xi amitom
ar aris uTvis tomod. yov lad brZe ni mfarvelia
da mxsneli yoveli arsisa. yo v lad brZe ni amitom
ar aris uTvis to mod~. yov lad br Zeni ar
mZlavrobs da uZle ve lia cisqveSeTSi~.
61
*
lao-Zi zneobrivi srulqmnis miRwevis erT-
erT gzad crubrZnobisa da mecnierobis, anu
cru metyvelebis aRkveTas gvTavazobs. lao-Zi
ebr Zvis yovelive crus da araWeSmarit codnas,
rac misTvis siwmindisa da sibrZnis ara tolfa-
sia, WeSmariti sibrZne mxolod TviTWvretisa
da TviTdaunjebis gziT miiRweva. mecnieroba
mteria ubraloebisa da ubiwoebis, rac adamian-
is namdvil samkauls warmoadgens. Zveli xelm -
wifeni, daos rom morCilebdnen, xalxs mecnier-
obisadmi midrekilebas ki ar uRvivebdnen, ara -
med ubralod imas mieltvodnen, xalxi rom
codnasa da vnebebs ar daemwuxrebina, maT rom
ubralod da martivad ecxovraT. es xelmwifeni
Tvlidnen, rom bevris codnas ziani mohqonda
xalxisaTvis, radganac isini borotisa da ke Ti -
lis garCevas iswavlidnen da es gansxvaveba
urTierTdapirispirebas gamoiwvevda, rac SuR -
lisa da rRvevis winasawyisia: umaRlesi Semec -
neba mxolod sakuTar wiaRSi danTqmiT da gan-
martoebuli cxovrebiT miiRwevao. mecnierobas
adamiani dabneulobamde mihyavs da axSobs mis
sulSi bunebiT midrekilebebs. crumetyveleba
da crubrZnoba amao xarjvaa Zalisa da droisa
da daos sawinaaRmdego svlas moaswavebs.
umaRlesi codnis cneba `dao de ZinSi~ or na -
iri saxiT aris warmodgenili: erTia WeSmariti
sibrZne da aqedan warmomdgari yovladbrZeni _
daos morCili da misi kanonebis damcveli. meorea
crubrZnoba da aqedan warmomdgari cru brZe ni _
daos sapirispirod moqmedi. lao-Zi mas yvelaze
62
dabal safexurze ayenebs. WeS ma riti sibrZne da
codna ki, rasac mxolod erTe u lebi floben,
aris daos sruli mor Cileba da cxovreba daos
kano nebis Tanaxmad, codna mxolod im brZen TaT -
vis aris saWiro, romlebic ica ven daos kanonebs,
winaRmdeg Sem Txve vaSi maT xelSi es codna ube du -
re bis iaraRad gada iqceva. sibrZniT aR Wurvili
adamianebi imecne ben `daos da farul saidum-
los~ da umoq me do bis diad princips axorcie le -
ben, mor Ci leben saganTa bunebiT svlas. WeSma ri -
ti brZeni, anu yov lad brZe ni, vinc flobs
uSinaganes da uRrmes codnas, ar amJRavnebs Ta -
vis sibrZnes da `briyvs hgavs~. igi ` ...jvaloTia
Se mosili, Sig niT ki _ gan ZiTaa daganZuli~. ama -
Sia umaRlesi sibrZne da WeS mariteba. xolo `WeS -
ma ritebas ar sWirdeba RaRadi~, radganac `WeS ma -
ri ti sityva ar aris lamazi. lamazi sityva ar
aris WeS ma ri ti~. lao-Zi amiT WeSmaritebis er -
Tad er Tobas aRiarebda, rac mxolod gandgomiTa
da taj viT miiR weva. Tumca xSirad siyalbis mSve -
ni eri samoseliTac imoseba. amitom unda
SevignoT, rom is, rac lamazia da mWev r met y -
veluri _ yal bia, rac ma xin jia da ucvleli _
WeS ma ri te baa. yovlad brZe nis movaleobaa miayu-
rados usi amo xmebs da Cas wvdes mas, ganeridos
yovelive saamos, rad ganac `ukeTurobaa xorciT
netareba. suli e ro baa vnebaTa damorCileba~.
yovladbrZeni, Tu igi namdvil sibrZnesa da cod-
nas flobs, didi siw rfeliT unda iyos midrekili
WeSmaritebis mkac ri RaRadisadmi.
lao-Zi mieltvoda simartives. cxovrebis
yo vel nairi garTuleba crubrZnobiTa da cru -
63
metyvelebiT mas ubedurebis wyarod miaCnda. es
ewi naaRmdegeba bunebiTobis kanons, anu daos.
lao-ZisTvis crubrZnoba da umecreba tol -
fasovani cnebebia. igi ambobs: `rac metia umec -
reba: miT metia sixarbe~. crubrZnoba da crume-
tyveleba abneleben gonebisTvals, abne ven ada -
mianebs. lao-Zi amitom mouwodebs qveynis mmar -
TvelT, bunebiTobasa da ubraloebaSi hyo lo -
daT xalxi. es aris daos gza. `juan-Zis~ meT vra -
mete TavSi (`umaRlesi sixaruli~) gadmoce -
mulia lao-Zisa da konfucis saubari, sadac
`dao de Zinis~ Semoqmedi originalurad asabu -
Tebs Tavis Tvalsazriss bunebiTobisa da cod-
nis principTa Sesaxeb:
`kun-Zi miubrunda lao-dans da brZana:
`dRes, roca Tqven Tavisufali dro gaqvT, gav -
Ta mamdebi da gkiTxavT srulqmnil daoze~. lao-
dan ma miugo: `uwinaresad, marxviTa da dam Tme n -
lobiT ganiwminde guli Seni, Tovlis siTeT -
remde ganiwmide goneba Seni, uaryav codna Seni.
dao xom uwiaRoa da misi sityvebiT axsna friad
Znelia. mxolod mis miaxloebiT ganwerilobaze
mogaxseneb. naTels bneli Sobs, wesrigis mflo-
bels arasaxieri Sobs, suliers dao Sobs, xor-
ciels Tesli Sobs, xolo arsTa siwyvdiades
urTierTkavSiri Sobs xorciel saxeTa meSve o -
biT. amitom cxovelebi, cxra xvrelis mflobel-
ni, dedis saSodan ibadebian. xolo cxovelebi,
rva xvrelis mflobelni, kvercxidan iCekebian.
sicocxlis aRmoceneba kvals ar tovebs, piris-
agan miwisa mis warxocvas ara aqvs samzRvarebi.
arca bWea sadme, arca sacxovrisi. amitom gane-
64
fineba igi qveynierebis oTxiv mxares. yvela maT,
vinc daos morCilebs, mtkice sxeuli aqvT,
naTelmxilveli goneba, grZnobaTa faqizi orga-
noebi. maTi fiqri SeuCereblad iZvris, da yo vel
arss SeuzRudavad eTvisebian. daos gareSe cas
ar ZaluZs usasruloba, miwas _ vrceuloba.
daos gareSe mzesa da mTvares ar ZaluZT svla
cisa Tavanze, xolo arsTa siwyvdiades _ gan vi -
Tareba. ai, ra aris dao! aqve unda vTqvaT: bevris
mcodne kaci aucileblad ar flobs WeSmarit
codnas, xolo gamocdili mokamaTe aucileb -
lad ar flobs gamWriax gonebas. yovladbrZeni
imas mieltvis, rom ar aivsos aRvsebisas da rom
ar daicalos davsebisas. dao uRrmesia da
uwiaRo, viTarca zRva, uzarmazaria da diadia
Tavis mudmiv cvalebadobaSi, wydeba da isev
umalve iwyeba. Secvalos arsTa siwyvdiadis
bunebiTi Tvisebani da dauSreteli darCes _ ai,
dao keTilSobili kacisa, magram igi arasru l -
qm nilia. xolo Tu arsTa siwyvdiade Ta vad ve
Sobs Tavissave cvalebadobas da dauSreteli
rCeba, _ ai, swored es aris WeSmariti dao. qvey-
nad arian kacni, romelnic ar emorCilebian arc
inis, arc ianis sawyisTa calmxriv zemoqmede-
bas, isini casa da miwas Sua imyofebian, mxolod
droebiT adamiandebian da isev TavianT dasabams
ubrundebian. Tu amas SevicnobT, gamomdinare
dasabamidan, maSin sicocxle raRac sasicocx-
lo ZalTa Sededebis warmonaqmnia. da Tumca
siWabukeSi arsebobs JamgrZeloba da sikvdili,
ra manZilia maT Soris? wami da meti araferi.
gana es dro sakmarisia rom davadginoT _ vin
65
iyo marTali da vin mtyuani: iao Tu Ze? xeTa na -
yo febsa da balaxebs TavianTi kanonebi aqvT.
Tumca adamianTa Soris damokidebulebis wesebi
ufro rTulia, magram isic gansazRvrul wes-
rigzea dafuZnebuli. yovladbrZeni, mxilveli
wesrigisa, ar arRvevs mas, xolo mis gverdiT
Cavlili ar inarCunebs mas. maT Soris winaa Rm -
de gobis waSla da morCileba maTi _ ai, es aris
umaR lesi saTnoeba. maTSi ganzaveba da mor Ci -
le ba maTi, _ ai, es aris srulqmnili dao.ai,
risi wyalobiT vlindebodnen srulqmnili xel -
mwi feni da brwyinavdnen dinastiaTa damaarse-
belni. casa da miwas Sua moqceuli kacis sic-
ocxle qarafze TeTri cxenis umales naxtoms
hgavs: wamiT gaielva da gauCinarda. qveynad
yovelive uecrad, umalesad iSvis, yovelive
Cumad da SeumCnevlad uCinardeba ama qveynidan.
umciresi cvalebadoba da _ sicocxle iwyeba.
kidev umciresi cvalebadoba da _ dgeba Jami
sikvdilisa. ase rad swuxan cocxalni amas? kac -
Ta modgma rad mwuxarebs amas? gardacvla xom
Cveni bunebiTi safaris gadaxsnas niSnavs, bu ne -
bisagan naboZeb niJaris damsxvrevas, sasi co -
cxlo ZalTa cvalebadobasa da daqucmacebas.
sulieri dasabami midis, sxeulic mas misdevs _
ai, WeSmaritad diadi gardacvla yofieridan
aryofnaSi. arasaxieri gadadis sxeulis mflo-
bel saxierebaSi. saxieri isev arasaxierSi ga da -
dis _ dabadebisa da sikvdilis es mona c vleoba
yvelam uwyis, magram amas arad agdebs is, vinac
axloa daos wvdomasTan. amis Sesaxeb bevri
msjelobs. magram is, vinac Seicno dao, ar
66
msjelobs, rameTu ganmsjeli ver daeufleba
daos. maxvil mzeras mniSvneloba ara aqvs daos
saxilvelad. amitom sjobs davidumoT bage,
vidre vidaoT. daos ver movismenT. amitom
sjobs davixSoT yurni, vidre vayuradoT.
swored amas ewodeba udidesi sibrZne~.
*
lao-Zis mTeli moZRvreba zeadamianuri
arsebobisaken ltolviT aris gamsWvaluli. igi
originaluri moZRvrebaa ara mxolod filo -
sofiuri da metafizikuri azrovnebis siRrmiT,
aramed eTikuri da zneobrivi mrwamsiTac. lao-
Zis dao ar aris mxolod abstraqcia, Soreuli
da miuwvdomeli. igi Cvens garSemo brunavs,
Cven Sive Zevs da CvenSivea saZiebeli. `Seican Ta -
vi Seni~, _ brZanebda lao-Zi Zvel berZenTa da -
rad. amasve brZanebdnen Zveli indoelni da
egviptelni. ukeTu Rrmad gaviazrebT daos
bune biTobis kanons virwmunebT, rom igi sxva
ara feria Tu ara maradi ltolva adamianisa pir -
velqmnili si martivisa ubraloebisaken, si ke -
Tisa da siyva ru lisaken, saTnoebisa da srul -
qmni saken, sim Svi disa da mSvidobisaken. swored
esaa erTaderTi gza, riTac adamians ZaluZs Se -
ic nos Tavi Tvisi da sulier sibrZnes daeuf-
los. `uzedaesi~ da `uqvedaesi~ yofierebis
Tanxmoba, am Tanxmobis Cvenive TavSi migneba da
Sec noba, mSvidi da harmoniuli Tanaarseboba
Tvis tomTa Soris _ ai, es aris dao. `vinca Tan -
xmi erebas flobs: igi gasxi vosnebas flobs~, _
brZa nebs lao-Zi. Cineli brZe nis moZRvreba ex -
67
mareba adamians Seicnos sakuTari me am usasru-
lo samyaroSi da iaros srul qmnisaken mimaval
gzaze. vivekanandas TqmiT, Tu romelime
filosofiur da religiur moZRvrebas ar
Seswevs unari moaqcios kaci sikeTisa da saT no -
e bisaken, mxolod abstraqciaa da araviTari
sar geblobis motana ar ZaluZs. amis diad ni mu -
Sad igi upaniSadebs asaxelebs. `dao de Zinic~
uzenaes zneobriv da eTikur, uzenaes adamianur
arsebobas amkvidrebs qveynad. amitom aris `dao
de Zini~ marad Tana med rove qmnileba, xolo misi
Semoqmedi _ ukvdavi da mravalJamieri.
***
`dao de Zinis” qarTuli Targmani Sesru le -
bu lia Semdegi rusuli da germanuli Tar g ma -
nebidan:
1. Лао-Си, Тао-Те-Кинг, или писание о нравствен-
ности, под редакцией Л. Н. Толстого, М., 1913 (перевод
П. Конниси).
2. Лао-Дзы, Дао Де Дзынь; Древнекитайсская
философия, т. 1, М., 1972 (перевод Ян-Хин-Шуна).
3. Lao-Tse, Tao Te King; München, 1921 (Targmani
n. federmanisa).
4. Lao-Tse, Tao-Te-King, Stutgart, 1961 (Targmani g.
debonisa).
amis Taobaze dawvrilebiT ixileT `dao de
Zinis” pirveli qarTuli gamocemis komentare-
bi, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, 1983.
leri alimonaki
68
69
wigni pirveli
I
dao rom gvexila:
dao ar iqneboda ucvleli.
saxeli rom gveboZa:
saxeli ar iqneboda ucvleli.
gamouTqmelia dasabami:
cisa da miwis.
mflobeli saxelisa:
dedaa yoveli arsisa.
WeSmaritad:
vinca daipyra vnebebi:
ixila dao dafarulisa.
vinca daipyra vnebebma:
ixila dao yofierisa.
erTia orives dasabami.
saxelebia sxvadasxva.
am dasabams _ dafaruli hqvia.
dafaruli dafarulisa:
bWea yovelive saidumlosi.
II
odes Seicnes cisqveSeTSi:
mSvenieri rom mSvenieria:
iSva simaxijec.
71
odes Seicnes cisqveSeTSi:
sikeTe rom sikeTea:
iSva siborotec.
WeSmaritad:
yofieri da aryofna erTmaneTs Sobs.
mZime da msubuqi erTmaneTs Seiqms.
grZeli da mokle urTierTs ganwonis.
maRali da dabali urTierTs flobs.
bgeraTa Serwyma Tanxmobas iqms.
winmavali da ukanmavali erTmaneTs
morCilebs.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni umoqmedoa da iqms.
yovladbrZeni mdumaria da gvmoZRvravs.
amitom iSvis yoveli arsi.
iSvis da yovelgan mimoiZvris.
yovladbrZeni ar batonobs maT.
yovelives Seiqms da:
ar eufleba Seqmnils.
yovelives aRZravs da:
ar eufleba aRZruls.
yovelives srulqmnis da:
ar eufleba srulqmnils.
aRasrulebs saqmeT da:
ar medidurobs.
ar medidurobs da:
yovelive mas morCilebs.
72
III
brZens nu scemT Tayvans:
da xalxSi moispoba SuRli.
nu ganadidebT Zvirfas nivTebs:
da moispoba parva kacTa Soris.
nu warmoaCenT survilTa aRsaZravs:
da ar iboboqrebs xalxis guli.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni xelmwifebs da:
xalxs tans ucarielebs.
tans ucarielebs da:
xorcs aRuvsebs.
uuZlurebs wadils da:
umtkicebs Zvlebs.
niadag imas mieltvis:
xalxs rom codna da vnebebi
ar amwuxrebdes.
xolo mcodneni:
ver bedavdnen moqmedebas.
umoqmedobas simSvide moaqvs.
yovladbrZeni ar moqmedebs.
iqms da umoqmedoa.
umoqmedoa da:
yoveli arsi mas morCilebs.
IV
dao carielia.
carielia, magram amovlinebisas:
amoulevelia.
73
o, ra Rrmaa da dafaruli!
daoa mama yoveli arsisa.
dao auZravebs moZraobas.
dao awesrigebs qaoss.
dao afermkrTalebs brwyinvalebas.
dao daikrebs mcireTa-mcires.
o, ra uwmidesia!
dasabamidan molivlivebs da:
maradiulia.
me ar vici _ saidan iSva igi.
me is vici _
cis mufebas rom winauZRvis.
V
ca da miwa:
ar flobs kacTmoyvareobas.
erTia maTTvis:
arsi yoveli Tu Calis ZaRli.
yovladbrZeni:
ar flobs kacTmoyvareobas.
erTia misTvis:
kaci Tu qali Tu Calis ZaRli.
sivrce vrceulia cisa da miwis:
o, rogor hgavs mWedlis sabervels!
igi carielia, magram amoulevelia.
rac ufro savsea sicarieliT:
miT mets moZraobs.
74
rac mets moZraobs:
miT ufro ivseba sicarieliT.
vinca bevrs RaRadebs: marcxdeba.
zomierebaa yovelives Ziri da fuZe.
VI
ukvdavia suli uwmidesi.
igi mdedria dafarulisa.
maradiuli bWea dabadebisa.
saSo, saidanac iSvis:
dasabamia cisa da miwis.
dausruleblad iqms da iZvris.
dauSretelia saSo Sesaqmesi.
vinca daeufleba uwmides suls:
gaukvdavdeba.
VII
ca da miwa maradiulni arian.
rad arian ca da miwa maradiulni?
TavianTTvis ar arseboben.
ai, rad arian maradiulni.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni yovelives morCilia.
morCilia da gawinamZRvrebuli.
uaryofs xorciel tans da:
sofliur maradisobas erTvis.
75
nuTu araferia:
is rom xorciel tans uaryofs?!
swored amiT aris srulqmnili.
srulqmnilia da mravalJamieri.
VIII
umaRlesi saTnoeba wyals hgavs.
wyals wyaloba moaqvs yoveli arsisTvis.
wyaloba moaqvs da:
ar TiSavs erTmaneTisgan.
erTmaneTisgan rom ar TiSavs:
arc ebrZvis maT.
igi iq budobs:
sad xorciels ar ZaluZs yofna.
amitom hgavs daos.
WeSmaritad:
umaRlesi saTnoeba _ morCilebas mieltvis.
saTnoeba dumilisa _ siRrmes mieltvis.
saTnoeba gacemisa _ siyvaruls mieltvis.
saTnoeba damoZRvrisa _ siwrfeles
mieltvis.
saTnoeba xelmwifebisa _ wesrigs
mieltvis.
saTnoeba qmnisa _ sibrZnes mieltvis.
saTnoeba moqmedebisa _ simSvides mieltvis.
yovelive diad Tanxmobas qmnis.
ganukiTxvelia:
vinca diad Tanxmobas qmnis.
76
IX
sjobs sulac araferi qmna
da arc sisavses mieltvode.
Tu raime mbrwyinavs dReniadag abrwyineb:
fermkrTaldeba.
Tu darbazoni ganZeuliT gaqvs avsili:
aravis ZaluZs misi dacva.
Tu mdidarni da didebulni mediduroben:
Tavad iubedureben Tavs.
kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs:
simartoveSi unda ukudges.
kaci, saqmes rom aRasrulebs:
sofliur usasrulobas unda SeerTos.
ai, ra aris dao bunebiTi.
X
vinca sulsa da xorcs amTlianebs:
aRwevs mTlianobas?!
suli xom erTiania da Seurevneli.
vinca avsilia uwmidesi suliT
da flobs uxilvel Zalebs:
morCilia, viTarca Cvili.
vinca avsilia uwmidesi suliT
da flobs dafarulis saidumlos:
ucTomelia da JamgrZeli.
vinca siyvaruliT xelmwifebs:
ar moqmedebs da iqms bevrs.
vinca ixila ciuri bWeni:
77
Tvinieria, viTarca mdedri.
vinca Seicno dafarulis azri:
SeuRwevadia, viTarca arsi.
hqmen da: irwmune.
hqmen da:
ar daeuflo qmnils.
aRZar da:
ar daeuflo aRZruls.
ixelmwife da:
uaryav xelmwifeba.
es aris umaRlesi de.
XI
ocdaaTi mana erT morgvze brunavs.
magram borblis arss:
morgvSi moqceuli sicariele qmnis.
WurWels Tixisagan amzadeben.
magram WurWlis arss:
masSi moqceuli sicariele qmnis.
kar-fanjrebs kedlebSi Wrian.
magram saxlis arss:
masSi moqceuli sicariele qmnis.
WeSmaritad:
vinca Seicno yofieri _
viTarca savseba da xilvadi:
78
manve Seicno aryofna _
viTarca sicariele da uxilvadi.
XII
xuTnairi feri:
abrmavebs Tvals.
xuTnairi bgera:
axSobs yurs.
xuTnairi gemo:
aClungebs gemovnebas.
doRi da nadiroba:
aRagznebs guls.
iSviaTi nivTebi:
aubedurebs kacs.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni dafaruls mieltvis
da ara xilvad mSvenierebas.
igi eZiebs dafaruls.
uaryofs yofiers.
XIII
orive saSiSia: didebac da dacemac.
didebac iseTive tvirTia, viTarca xorci.
ras niSnavs:
`orive saSiSia: didebac da dacemac?!~
es niSavs:
SiSiT ixveWen kacni didebas
da SiSiTve kargaven mas.
79
swored amas niSnavs:
`orive saSiSia: didebac da dacemac~.
ras niSnavs:
`didebac iseTive tvirTia, viTarca xorci?!~
es niSnavs:
xorci umZimesi tvirTia.
xorcs raJams davTrgunavT:
diad simSvides daveuflebiT.
WeSmaritad:
vinca SiSobs cisqveSeTis xelmwifebas:
unda gavaxelmwifoT cisqveSeTSi.
vinca mwuxarebs cisqveSeTis xelmwifebas:
unda mivuboZoT cisqveSeTi.
XIV
vumzer da ver vxedav:
amitom vuwodeb uxilavs.
vusmen da ar mesmis:
amitom vuwodeb uxmos.
veltvi da ver vwvdebi:
amitom vuwodeb dafaruls.
auxsnelia am samTa kavSiri.
erTiania am samTa kavSiri.
misi ze ar ari gasxivosnebuli.
misi qve ar ari gawyvdiadebuli.
igi dausabamoa.
80
dausabamoa da:
aravin uwyis saxeli misi.
igi kvlav aryofnas ubrundeba.
igi is ari, rasac hqvia:
saxe arasaxierisa.
xati araxatierisa.
igi is ari, rasac hqvia:
auxsneli da gaucxadebeli.
maradiuli saSo samyarosi.
miveaxlebi da:
ver vWvret mis saxebas.
mwinamZRvrobs da:
ver vWvret mis sarostans.
Seudeq uxsovar daos da:
daeuflebi amJamindel yofierebas.
Seudeq uxsovar daos da:
Seicnob uxsovar dasabams.
ai, es aris daos arsi.
XV
Zvelad, vinca meufebda xalxs:
iyo saTno da yovlismxilveli.
flobdnen:
yovelive umciress.
yovelive idumals.
yovelive SeuRwevads.
iyvnen dafarulni da miuwvdomelni:
arvis ZaluZda wvdoma maTi.
81
diadi iyo garesaxe maTi:
arvis ZaluZda daufleba maTi.
ukeTu dafarulni iyvnen:
nebisad aRvwer maT.
isini iyvnen moSiSni:
viTarca mavalni zamTrisas niaRvarSi.
isini iyvnen meryevni:
viTarca damfrTxalni axlomdgomTagan.
isini iyvnen Tavazianni:
viTarca wveulni ucxod.
isini iyvnen frTxilni:
viTarca mavalni molipul yinulze.
isini iyvnen ubraloni:
gaurandavi xis darad.
isini iyvnen vrceulni:
vrceul mindorTa darad.
isini iyvnen ganuWvretelni:
mRvrie wylis darad.
vis ZaluZs:
SeCereba da cxadqmna maTi?!
vis ZaluZs:
damSvideba da gaJamgrZeleba maTi?!
isini daos morCilebdnen.
morCilebdnen daos da:
kmarobdnen mcireds.
kmarobdnen mcireds da:
sisavses ar mieltvodnen.
sisavses ar mieltvodnen da:
ganaxleba ar surdaT.
ganaxleba ar surdaT da:
kmarobdnen Zvels.
82
kmarobdnen Zvels da:
iyvnen srulqmnilni.
XVI
vinca aRivso sicarieliT:
aRivso udiadesi simSvidiT.
yoveli arsi mSvidad iSvis.
mSvidad SeerTvis Tavis dasabams.
vinca aRivso udiadesi simSvidiT:
aRivso sicarieleSi arsTa wrebrunviT.
vinca ixila _
arsTa didi nairgvaroba:
manve ixila _
dasabamSi maTi dabruneba.
dasabamSi dabrunebas _ simSvide hqvia.
simSvides _ arsSi dabruneba hqvia.
arsSi dabrunebas _ maradisoba hqvia.
vinca Seicno maradisoba:
gasxivosnda.
vinca ver Seicno maradisoba:
gawyvdiadda.
maradisobis Secnoba:
wesrigia da sikeTe.
maradisobis Seucnobloba:
uwesrigobaa da ukeTuroba.
83
maradisobis Semcnobi:
uwmides suls flobs.
uwmidesi sulis mflobeli:
samarTlianobas flobs.
samarTlianobis mflobels:
xelmwifeba xelewifeba.
gaxelmwifebuli _ cas eziara.
cas ziarebuli _ daos eziara.
dao uxsovaria da maradiuli.
daos mflobeli mravalJamieria:
gvami ixrwneba, suli _ ukvdavia.
XVII
keTilia xelmwife:
vinca dums da aras iTxovs xalxisgan.
ukeTuria xelmwife:
vinca siyvarulsa da didebas moiTxovs
xalxisgan.
Slegia xelmwife:
vis winaSec Zrwis xalxi.
gulborotia xelmwife:
vinca ezizRebaT.
WeSmaritad:
visac ara swams, arc is swamT.
urwmunobaa Ziri urwmunobisa.
o, ra gviania sityva:
brZnuli da daunjebuli!
84
vinca daiunja da daiTmina:
RirsebiT aRasrula saqme.
vinca RirsebiT aRasrula saqme:
misi swamT da amboben:
bunebiTobas morCilebso.
XVIII
odes uaryves diadi dao:
`kacTmoyvareoba~ da `samarTlianoba~ iSva.
odes crubrZnoba gamefda:
pirmoTneoba iSva.
odes eqvs naTesavs Soris ganxeTqilebaa:
maSin iSvis _
`ZeTa mowiweba~ da `mamuri siyvaruli~.
odes saxelmwifoSi uwesrigoba sufevs:
maSin aRzevdebian `erTguli msaxurni~.
XIX
aRikveTeT crubrZnoba da crumetyveleba
da asgzis bednieri iqneba xalxi.
aRikveTeT `kacTmoyvareoba~ da
`samarTlianoba~
da aRsdgeba ZeTa mowiweba da mamuri
siyvaruli.
aRikveTeT cbiereba da sixarbe
da aRikveTeba qurdobac da avazakobac.
samive codnis ukmarobiT warmodgeba.
85
WeSmaritad:
mxolod is eziara maradiuls:
vinca gaibuneba siwmide da ubraloeba.
vinca SeizRuda survilebi da daicxro vnebebi.
vinca uaryo crubrZnoba da crumetyveleba.
XX
odes crumetyveleba moispoba:
diadi simSvide daisadgurebs.
o, ra mcirea sxvaoba:
hosa da aras Soris.
da ra didia sxvaoba:
keTilsa da borots Soris.
rasac xalxi eTayvaneba:
Senc mas unda eTayvano.
o, ra ukacrielobaa!
o, ra gauRwevlobaa!
jerac ar damyarebula:
diadi Tanxmoba.
yvela xarobs, sazeimod wveulan TiTqo.
gazafxulis moaxlebas zeimoben TiTqo.
me ubralo var.
me erTi var mSvidad da uCinrad.
me arvin mixmobs.
me yrmas vgavar:
vinca jerac ar movlenila.
o, damaSvralo ualagov!
sad ars alagi gansasvenebi!
86
yvela simdidriT avsila:
me erTi vflob sicarieles.
yvela saiTkenme miiCqaris:
me erTi vgavar yovlis uarmyofels.
yvela brwyinavs da gamoCinebulia:
me erTi var tani sulelisa.
o, ra carielia igi!
yvela sinaTliT avsila:
me erTi vgavar gawyvdiadebuls.
yvela sixaruliT avsila:
mxolod me var moSiSi.
yvelas cnobiswadili klavs:
CemTvis sulerTia yvelaferi.
me zRvas vgavar:
uwiaRos da CaJamebuls.
me vsrbi sofliur sivrceSi:
usasTumlo da unavsayudlo.
yvela Tavis sargebels eZiebs:
me erTi vgavar briyvsa da ugvans.
mxolod me var:
yvelasagan gansxvavebuli.
me vmorCileb:
daos dasabams.
XXI
diadi de daodan amovlindeba.
dao usaxieria da auxsneli!
o, usaxierov da auxsnelo!
ZalmiZs mivwvde saxierebas Sensas.
87
dao uarseboa da garsmoucveli.
o, uarsebov da garsmoucvelo!
ZalmiZs mivwvde arsebas Sensas.
dao uZiroa da wyvdiadovani:
magram umaRlesi yofierebaa.
igi umaRles umcTarobas flobs.
uxsovrobidan meufebs saxeli misi.
yoveli arsic misiT iSvis.
viT Sevicnob arsTa dasabams?!
mxolod da mxolod misi wyalobiT.
XXII
Zvelad ambobdnen:
`arasrulqmnili _ gasrulqmnildeba.
daqucmacebuli _ gamTliandeba.
mrudi _ ganimarTeba.
aRuvsebeli _ aRivseba.
Zveli _ ganaxldeba.
vinca mcireds mieltvis:
bevrs moixveWs.
vinca bevrs mieltvis:
mciredsac dakargavs~.
yovladbrZeni srulqmnilia da xatia
cisqveSeTis.
igi ar kmarobs mxolod Tavis
mxilvelobas:
amitom naTobs kacTa Soris.
88
mxolod Tavis Tavs ar Tvlis samarTlianad:
amitom flobs WeSmaritebas.
ar didkacobs: amitom adideben.
gandidebas ar mieltvis:
amitom moZRvrobs kacTa Soris.
ar mZlavrobs da uZlevelia cisqveSeTSi.
winaparTa Tqmuli:
`arasrulqmnili _ gasrulqmnildeba,
mrudi _ ganimarTeba~ _
gana fuWi sityvebia?!
igi namdvilad miuZRvis kacs:
WeSmariti srulqmnisaken.
XXIII
dadumdi da damorCildi bunebiTobas.
dumili Seiqms qveynad Taxmobas.
mZlavri qari ver iboboqrebs samxramde.
Tavsxma wvima ver gastans mwuxramde.
vin iqms yovelive amas?!
ca da miwa.
xom uwyiT:
casa da miwasac ar ZaluZT _
raimeTa gaJamgrZeleba, araTu kacs.
amitom morCilebs daos.
vinca morCilebs daos:
daos Tanaarsia.
vinca morCilebs des:
89
des Tanaarsia.
vinca morCilebs warmavals:
warmavlis Tanaarsia.
vinca daos Tanaarsia:
daos daeufleba.
vinca des Tanaarsia:
des daeufleba.
vinca warmavlis Tanaarsia:
warmavals daeufleba.
WeSmaritad:
vinca urwmunoa:
urwmunobas daeufleba.
XXIV
cerebze aweuls:
ar ZaluZs didxans dgoma.
swrafad mavals:
ar ZaluZs didxans svla.
vinca fiqrobs, yovelive vuwyio:
ara uwyis ra.
vinca didebas mieltvis:
ver eRirseba didebas.
vinca gandidebas mieltvis:
ver gawinamZRvrdeba.
Tu daos davimoZRvravT:
yovelive es _ fuWia da amaoeba.
aseTni sZags yovel arss.
90
amitomaa:
amas ara iqms is:
vinca daeufla daos.
XXV
ai, arseba:
garsmoucveli, qaosSi amovlenili!
ai, arseba:
cisa da miwis uadres Sobili!
o, mdumareo! o, arasaxiero!
martomyofia da umoZrao.
yovelgan mimoiZvris da usamzRvroa.
igi dedaa samyarosi.
me ar vuwyi saxeli misi:
gareSemovwer da daos varqmev.
ukeTu daos varqmev:
diadsac varqmev.
dao diadia.
sidiade _ siSoreSi gaRwevaa.
siSoreSi gaRweva _ usasruloSi
gardacvlaa.
usasruloSi gardacvla _ dasabamSi
dabrunebaa.
WeSmaritad:
dao _ diadia.
ca _ diadia.
91
miwa _ diadia.
xelmwifec _ diadia.
samyaroSi oTxi diadia:
maT Soris _ xelmwifec.
kaci miwis kanons morCilebs.
miwa cis kanons morCilebs.
ca daos kanons morCilebs.
dao _ daos kanons morCilebs.
XXVI
mZimea safuZveli msubuqisa.
uZraobaa safuZveli moZraobisa.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni _ Seusveneblad mavali:
niadag Tan axlavs umZimes etls.
ar aklia dideba da brwyinvaleba:
magram ar inTqmeba didebaSi.
man uwyis warmavaloba soflisa.
xolo meufe aTi aTasi etlisa _
mediduri da gvirgvinmosili:
rad mrisxanebs?!
mouTmenlad rad umzers qveynierebas?!
mrisxaneba amsxvrevs mis safuZvels.
xolo mouTmenlobiT _ meufebas kargavs.
92
XXVII
vinca nawrTobia svlaSi:
kvals ar tovebs.
vinca nawrTobia mWevrmetyvelebaSi:
dums.
vinca nawrTobia TvlaSi:
ar cdeba.
vinca Carazva uwyis:
urduls ar xmarobs.
magram razavs ise:
gaReba misi SeuZlebelia.
vinca gakvanZva uwyis:
bawars ar xmarobs.
magram kvanZavs ise:
gamoxsna misi SeuZlebelia.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni mfarvelia da
Tanamlmobeli xalxisa:
xalxi amitom ar aris uTvistomod.
yovladbrZeni mfarvelia da mxsneli
yoveli arsisa:
yovladbrZeni amitom ar aris
uTvistomod.
amas hqvia umaRlesi gasxivosneba.
WeSmaritad:
keTili _ moZRvaria ukeTurTa.
ukeTuri _ safuZvelia keTilTa.
ukeTu ukeTurni _
ar eTayvanebian moZRvars da moZRvari _
uaryofs safuZvels:
93
Tumc mcodned moaqvT Tavi _
umecrebaSi CanTqmulan.
amas hqvia umaRlesi sibrZne.
XVIII
vinca Seicno mamroba Tvisi:
manve Seicno mdedroba Tvisi.
igi velia samyarosi.
vinca velia samyarosi:
maradiul des eufleba
da Cvilis mdgomareobas ubrundeba.
vinca Seicno naTeli Tvisi:
manve Seicno wyvdiadi Tvisi.
igi xatia samyarosi.
vinca xatia samyarosi:
maradiul des eufleba
da pirveldasabams ubrundeba.
vinca Seicno sidiade Tvisi:
manve Seicno simcire Tvisi.
igi Sesakrebelia samyarosi.
vinca Sesakrebelia samyarosi:
umaRles des eufleba
da bunebiTobas ubrundeba.
ukeTu bunebiToba aRigveba:
saidumlo WurWlad gardicvleba.
yovladbrZeni misi wyalobiT
gawinamZRvrdeba.
94
gawinamZRvrdeba da:
diadi Tanxmoba ar dairRveva.
XXIX
vinca mZlavrobiT eufleba samyaros:
aqedanve vWvret _ ver miaRwevs sawadels.
samyaro saidumlo WurWels hgavs:
Sexeba misi ar egebis.
vinca Seexeba:
xelyofs mis Tanxmobas.
vinca daeufleba:
dakargavs mas.
WeSmaritad:
yoveli arsi cvalebadia:
zogi win midis, zogi ukan.
zogi Tbilia, zogi civi.
zogi Zlieria, zogi susti.
zogi yvavilobs, zogi Wkneba.
zogi srbis, zogi dgas.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni uaryofs gandidebas.
yovladbrZeni uaryofs fufunebas.
yovladbrZeni uaryofs brwyinvalebas.
XXX
vinca daos morCilebiT xelmwifebs:
ar ipyrobs laSqriT qveynebs.
man uwyis:
95
rasac miageb, imasve mogageben.
sad laSqars gauvlia:
iq ZeZv-ekals gadauvlia.
sad omebi amtydara:
iq SimSilobis wlebi damdgara.
WeSmaritad:
qveli mxedarTmTavari imarjvebs da
Cerdeba.
imarjvebs da ar mZlavrobs.
imarjvebs da ar medidurobs.
imarjvebs da ar imonebs.
imarjvebs da ar qedmaRlobs.
imarjvebs _ odes aiZuleben saomrad.
imarjvebs _ magram ar aris mzvaobari.
odes arseba umaRles Zlierebas aRwevs:
sustdeba da xrwna eufleba:
igi ar morCilebs daos.
vinca ar morCilebs daos:
xanmoklea misi arseboba.
XXXI
aRWurvil laSqars ubedureba moaqvs.
yovel arsebas sZags igi.
amitomaa:
vinca daos morCilebs:
ar laSqrobs.
96
vinca daos morCilebs:
mSvidia da CrdilSi dgas.
vinca daos ar morCilebs:
laSqrobs da didebas mieltvis.
laSqari _ ubedurebis wyaroa.
qveli mxedarTmTavari ar laSqrobs.
laSqrobs mxolod maSin:
odes saomrad aiZuleben.
mSvidoba da siqvele:
ai, misi uzenaesi safuZveli.
igi Wmunavs gamarjvebis Jams.
vinca zeimobs gamarjvebas:
zeimobs kacTa kvlas.
vinca zeimobs kacTa kvlas:
ver eRirseba qveynad sikeTes.
mSvidobis dros imas miageben pativs:
vinca Crdils mieltvis.
omis dros imas miageben pativs:
vinca didebas mieltvis.
mxedarTmTavari CrdilSi ganmdgara.
gamarjvebas _ xelmwife zeimobs.
mxedarTmTavari mwuxrs garemoucavs:
gvamTa zeims yurobdes TiTqo.
tirili gvmarTebs kacTa kvlis Jams.
Wmunva gvmarTebs gamarjvebis Jams.
glova gvmarTebs gvamTa zeimis Jams.
97
XXXII
dao maradiulia da gamouTqmeli.
Tumca uCinoa da arara:
arafers ZaluZs damorCileba misi.
Tu daos daimoZRvren mefeni da didebulni:
yoveli arsi Tavad moipovebs simSvides.
ca da miwa mwyobrad Seirwymis
da cis nami miwas moefineba.
qveynad bedniereba da keTildReoba
gamefdeba.
xalxi brZanebis gareSe damSviddeba.
odes diadi wesrigi damyarda:
yovels Tavisi saxeli ewoda.
saxelTa dasamzRvres saganTa samzRvrebi.
vinca Sedga da Seicno saganTa samzRvrebi:
safrTxisagan daixsna Tavi.
daos yofieri garweriloba:
tbas hgavs da zRvas.
mas SeerTvian mdinareni dausruleblad.
dao ganfenilia samyaroSi.
yoveli arsi mas SeerTvis:
viTarca mdinareni _ tbebsa da zRvebs.
XXXIII
vinca sxvaTa Semcnobia:
ganmWvretelia.
vinca Tavisi Tavis Semcnobia:
gasxivosnebulia.
vinca sxvaTa mZlevelia:
98
Zlieria.
vinca Tavisi Tavis mZlevelia:
mZleTamZlea.
vinca gareyofiers mieltvis:
vnebaaSlilia.
vinca aryofnas uWvrets:
srulqmnilia.
vinca sakuTar garwerilobas flobs:
mravalJamieria.
vinca waruvalSi gardicvala:
maradiulia.
XXXIV
diadi dao yovelgan ganfenila:
aris aqeTac, aris iqiTac.
aris zeviTac, aris qveviTac.
aris aqac, aris iqac.
misi wyalobiT iSvis arsi yoveli.
misi madliT cocxlobs marad yoveli.
diadia Rvawli misi.
diadia da ar diadobs.
yovel arss siyvaruliT garemoicavs.
garemoicavs da ar meufebs maT.
uvneboa da:
amitom uwodeben araras.
mcirea da:
Sesakrebelia mcire-mcireTa.
yoveli arsi mas SeerTvis da:
ar meufebs maT.
99
amitom uwodeben diads.
ar diadobs da:
amitom aris diadi.
yovladbrZenic ar diadobs.
diad saqmeebs iqms da:
ar diadobs.
ar diadobs da:
amitom aris diadi.
XXXV
vinca Seicno diadi pirvelgarweriloba:
mTelma cisqveSeTma gaiwinamZRvra.
gaiwinamZRvra da mwuxarebas ganerida.
ganerida mwuxarebas da moipova simSvide.
moipova simSvide da mSvidoba.
daeufla erTianoba da zesofliuri
Tanxmoba.
WeSmaritad:
odes uzedaesi da uqvedaesi
gaerTsofliurdeba:
moxetialec ki mowiwebiT masTan Sedgeba.
odes daos bageTagan aRmoTqven:
gauferuldeba da gaugemurdeba.
vinca daos xilulad umzers:
misTvis ganuWvretelia igi.
vinca daos bgerebSi usmens:
misTvis daxSulia igi.
100
vinca daos moisaxmarisebs:
misTvis miuwvdomelia igi.
XXXVI
raime rom SevkumSoT:
jer unda gavafarTovoT.
raime rom davasustoT:
jer unda gavaZlieroT.
raime rom movspoT:
jer unda aRmovacenoT.
raime rom movimkaT:
jer unda gavceT.
amas hqvia umaRlesi sibrZne.
rbili sZlevs magars.
susti sZlevs Zliers.
Tevzs ar ZaluZs dastovos wiaRi.
xalxmac ar unda uwyodes:
dafaruli kanonebi xelmwifebisa.
XXXVII
dao marad umoqmedoa.
magram iseTi raa:
igi ar iqmodes.
ukeTu mefeni da didebulni daemoZRvrnen:
yoveli arsi TavisTavad saxeicvleba.
xolo Tu saxecvlilni moqmedebad aRiZvrian:
101
usaxieri garwerilobiT SevaCereb maT
moqmedebas.
usaxier garwerilobas ara aqvs vnebebi.
vnebaTa uaryofas simSvide moaqvs.
simSvide ki _ samyaros Tanxmierebas Seiqms.
Î
102
wigni meore
XXXVIII
vinca umaRles des flobs:
des Sesaxeb araferi uwyis.
amitom flobs umaRles des.
vinca udables des flobs:
mudam axsovs _ des rom flobs.
amitom flobs udables des.
vinca umaRles des flobs:
ar moqmedebs.
uqmobs da amitom ar moqmedebs.
vinca udables des flobs:
moqmedebs.
ar uqmobs da amitom moqmedebs.
vinca umaRles kacTmoyvareobas flobs:
uqmobs da ase moqmedebs.
moqmedebs da Tavad umizezoa da uCinari.
vinca umaRles samarTlianobas mieltvis:
moqmedebs.
moqmedebs da pativ-didebas mieltvis.
vinca umaRles Tayvaniscemas mieltvis:
moqmedebs.
moqmedebs da amitom ar TanaugrZnoben.
xolo Tu TanaugrZnoben:
Tavad aiZulebs yovels saTayvanod.
WeSmaritad:
vinca daos kargavs:
103
des iZens.
vinca des kargavs:
kacTmoyvareobas iZens.
vinca kacTmoyvarebas kargavs:
samarTlianobas iZens.
vinca samarTlianobas kargavs:
Tayvaniscemas iZens.
Tayvaniscema Sedegia:
rwmenisa da erTgulebis dacemisa.
diadi Tanxmobis damxobisa.
Secnoba gareyofierisa:
daos warmavali yvavilobaa,
warmavlobaa da dasabami umecrebisa.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni arsismiers daiuflebs:
da ukuhyris garegans.
moisTvlis nayofs yvavilobisa:
da ukuhyris yvavils.
daeufleba arss da uaryofs gvams.
XXXIX
dasabamiTve erTianobiT mocula yoveli:
erTianobam miuboZa cas siwmide.
erTianobam miuboZa miwas simSvide.
erTianobam miuboZa suls silbo.
erTianobam miuboZa tbas sisavse.
erTianobam miuboZa yovel arss
sicocxle.
xelmwifeni da winamZRvarni erTianobiT
arian:
104
cisqveSeTis meufeni da moZRvarni.
erTianoba iqms yovelive amas.
cisTvis rom siwmide ar eboZebina:
Camoiqceoda.
miwisTvis rom simSvide ar eboZebina:
daiSleboda.
sulisTvis rom silbo ar eboZebina:
STainTqmeboda.
tbisTvis rom sisavse ar eboZebina:
daiSriteboda.
yoveli arsisTvis rom sicocxle ar
eboZebina:
gaudaburdeboda.
xelmwifeni da winamZRvarni rom
ar gameufebuliyvnen
da ar gamoZRvrebuliyvnen:
daemxobodnen.
WeSmaritad:
uCinoni _ safuZvelia CinebulTa.
xolo mdabioni _ didebulTa.
xelmwifeni da winamZRvarni
amitom uwodeben TavianT Tavs:
`miusafars~, `obols~, `ubedurs~.
es imad, rom isini:
mdabioT aRiareben TavianT safuZvlad.
WeSmaritad:
borbali rom davSaloT:
misgan araferi darCeba.
105
nu ibrwyineb, viTarca brilianti.
iyav ubralo, viTarca qva.
XL
daos moZraoba _ yofierSi gardacvlaa.
daos gardacvlis arsi _ sisustea.
yoveli arsi yofierma Sva.
xolo yofieri _ aryofnam.
XLI
vinca Rrmad Seicno dao:
mis ganxorcielebas mieltvis.
vinca mciredad Seicno dao:
xan poulobs, xan kargavs mas.
vinca ver Seicno dao:
dascinis daos.
rom ar dascinodes:
dao ar iqneboda dao.
amitom Tqmula Zvelad:
vinca gaisxivosna dao:
gawyvdiadebuls hgavs.
vinca STawvda daos:
ukuqceuls hgavs.
vinca aumaRlda daos:
gzaabneuls hgavs.
vinca umaRles saTnoebas flobs:
tbas hgavs.
106
vinca umaRles siwmides flobs:
gankicxuls hgavs.
vinca umaRles zneobas flobs:
briyvs hgavs.
vinca saTnoebas qadagebs:
qurds hgavs.
vinca samarTlianobas qadagebs:
mZarcvels hgavs.
udiades oTxkuTxeds kuTxeebi ar uCans.
udiades WurWels didxans amzadeben.
uumZlavresi xma _ uxmoa.
uudiadesi saxeba _ usaxieria.
dao dafarulia da gamouTqmeli.
magram mxolod mas ZaluZs:
arsebaTa xsna da maTi srulqmna.
XLII
dao Sobs erTs.
erTi Sobs ors.
ori Sobs sams.
sami _ yovel arss.
yoveli arsi Seicavs:
`ins~ da `ians~.
avsilia `ciT~ da:
diadi TanxmobiT.
xalxs sZags sityvebi:
`miusafari~, `oboli~, `ubeduri~.
107
xelmwifeni da winamZRvarni:
ase uwodeben TavianT Tavs.
WeSmaritad:
kacni diadoben _ odes mdabldebian.
da mdabldebian _ odes diadoben.
riTac xalxs moZRvravdnen _
mec miT vmoZRvrav:
Zlierni da ulmobelni _
ar kvdebian bunebiTi sikvdiliT.
es aris Cemi damoZRvris arsi.
XLIII
samyaro mSvidia.
yvelaze rbili sZlevs:
yvelaze magars.
aryofnas moucavs:
yvela da yvelaferi.
ai, rad vuwyi:
uZraoba rom Ziria moZraobisa.
samyaroSi mciredni Tu euflebian:
sibrZnes _ dumiliT.
moqmedebas _ umoqmedobiT.
XLIV
ra ufro arsebiTia SenTvis:
dideba Tu Tavad Sen?!
108
ra ufro Zvirfasia SenTvis:
Tavad Sen Tu simdidre?!
ra ufro mZimea SenTvis:
SeZena Tu dakargva?!
WeSmaritad:
vinca bevrs monagrobs:
bevrs zaralobs.
vinca bevrs ixveWs:
WeSmaritebas kargavs.
vinca mcireds kmarobs:
arasodes wawymdeba.
vinca zomierebas morCilebs:
ubedurebas ascdeba.
kaci, damTmeni yovelivesi:
mravalJamieria.
XLV
uudidesi srulqmnili arasrulqmnils
hgavs:
magram misi moqmedeba dausrulebadia.
uudidesi sisavse sicarieles hgavs:
magram misi moqmedeba amoulevelia.
uudidesi mrudi _ wrfes hgavs.
uudidesi sibrZne _ sibriyves hgavs.
uudidesi mWevrmetyveli _ enablus hgavs.
moZraoba amarcxebs sicives.
uZraoba amarcxebs sicxes.
simSvide Seiqms Tanxmierebas.
109
XLVI
odes morCileben daos cisqveSeTSi:
umalesi cxenebi miwas xnaven.
odes uaryofilia dao cisqveSeTSi:
saomari cxenebi Zoven yanebs.
ufro didi codva araferia:
vidre vnebaaSliloba.
ufro didi ubedureba araferia:
vidre sixarbe.
ufro didi danaSauli araferia:
vidre momxveWeloba:
WeSmaritad:
vinca mcireds kmarobs:
madlieria da xarobs.
XLVII
saxlidan gausvlelad egebis:
samyaros Secnoba.
sarkmlidan gauxedavad egebis:
daos Wvreta.
vinca mimoiZvris:
verafers Seicnobs.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni ar iZvris:
magram yovelives Seicnobs.
Tvaldawuxulia da bnelSi dgas:
magram uWvrets saganTa arss.
110
yovladbrZeni ar moqmedebs:
magram yovelives iqms.
XLVIII
vinca eZiebs codnas:
dRiTidRe imdidrebs codnas.
vinca morCilebs daos:
dRiTidRe imcirebs vnebebs.
vinca niadag imcirebs vnebebs:
diad umoqmedobas aRwevs.
iseTi araferia qveynad:
umoqmedoba ar iqmdes.
umoqmedobiT veuflebiT cisqveSeTs.
xolo moqmedebiTi _ vkargavT mas.
XLIX
yovladbrZenis guli carielia.
misi guli xalxis gulTa Sesakrebelia.
mas Seswevs Zali:
gaibunebos eris azri.
`keTilTac sikeTes mivageb
da ukeTurTac sikeTes mivageb~.
am sikeTiT Seiqms umaRles saTnoebas.
`erTgulTac verTguleb
da orgulTac verTguleb~.
am erTgulebiT Seiqms umaRles saTnoebas.
111
yovladbrZeni sicarieleSi cxovrobs:
amitom cxovrobs mSvidad da marto.
misi guli dafarulia da carieli:
yovels Tanabrad miagebs misagebels.
amitom moZRvrobs kacTa Soris.
amitom morCileben cisqveSeTSi.
yovladbrZeni ise umzers xalxs:
viTarca Svilsa da yrmas.
L
yovelive cocxlobs da kvdeba.
sicocxles cameti safexuri aqvs.
sikvdilsac cameti safexuri aqvs.
kacobrivi sicocxlis safexurebic _
niadag rom sikvdils SeerTvis:
cametia.
ra aris amis mizezi?!
cxoveli ltolva sicocxlisadmi.
me msmenia:
visac sicocxle Seucnia da dauTmenia:
misTvis vefxsa da martorqas ara uvnia.
abjarausxmeli da uiaraRo:
ver SeukrTia xmalTakveTebas.
martorqa versaiT Cascems rqas.
vefxi versaiT Caabrjens Wangs.
maxvili versaiT gangmers mas.
112
WeSmaritad:
vinca Seicno sicocxle da daiTmina:
misTvis ar arsebobs sikvdili.
LI
dao Sobs yovel arss.
de kvebavs yovel arss.
sidiade maTi:
xorcqmnis yovel arss.
Zala maTi:
srulqmnis yovel arss.
iseTi araferia qveynad:
daos rom ar morCilebdes
da des ar eTayvanebodes.
daos imad morCileben
da des imad eTayvanebian:
isini rom aras iTxoven.
aras iTxoven da:
bunebiTobas morCileben.
amitom arian:
ucvlelni da maradiulni.
WeSmaritad:
dao Sobs yovel arss.
de kvebavs yovel arss.
xorcqmnis da mfarvelobs maT.
zrdis da awifes maT.
srulqmnis da winamZRvrobs maT.
mzrunvelobs da Tanalmobs maT.
113
Sehqmen da nu daeuflebi.
xorchqmen da nu imedidureb.
imeufe da nu ibatoneb.
amas ewodeba umaRlesi de.
LII
samyaros aqvs dasabami.
igia deda cisqveSeTisa.
vinca Seicno deda:
man Zed Seicno Tavi.
vinca Zed Seicno Tavi:
man Seicno deda.
xorci misi kvdeba:
suli ki _ ukvdavia.
vinca daixSo yurni
da daibrma Tvalni:
utanjvelad galia wuTisofeli.
vinca vnebebs ahyva
da netarebam STanTqa:
satanjvelSi galia wuTisofeli.
vinca dafarulSi SeaRwia:
yovlismxilvelia.
vinca silbo SeinarCuna:
mZleTamZlea.
vinca siwmides daeufla:
gasxivosnebulia.
114
vinca yovlismxilvelia:
vinca mZleTamZlea:
vinca gasxivosnebulia:
ukvdavia da mravalJamieri.
oden gvami ixrwneba misi.
amas hqvia ziareba maradiulTan.
LIII
me rom codnas vflobde:
did gzaze vivlidi.
didi gza mziania:
magram xalxs bilikebi uyvars.
me maSinebs moqmedeba
da mowyalebas SiSiT gavcem.
samefo kari Tu brwyinavs:
mindvrebi gadaxriokebulia.
beRlebi gamocarielebulia.
didebulni Tu ZvirfaseuliT Semosilan,
brwyinvale saWurvliT SeWurvilan,
ukadrisoben mdabiur sufras
da fufunebaSi yelamde Caflulan:
es avazakobaa da zviadoba.
nuTu esaa dao?!
115
LIV
ar egebis:
sidiadis ZaliT damxoba.
ar egebis:
mkvidrad rgulis gacamtvereba.
marad qeds ixris maT winaSe:
STamomavloba.
vinca maT Tavisi TavisTvis adiadebs:
Tavisi TavisTvis iqms sikeTes.
vinca maT Tavisi saxleulisTvis adiadebs:
Tavisi saxleulisTvis iqms sikeTes.
vinca maT Tavisi soflisTvis adiadebs:
Tavisi soflisTvis iqms sikeTes.
vinca maT Tavisi qveynisTvis adiadebs:
Tavisi qveynisTvis iqms sikeTes.
vinca mTeli samyarosTvis adiadebs:
mTeli samyarosTvis iqms sikeTes.
sikeTe igi _ umaRlesia da yovladi:
viTarca dao _ dafaruli da yovladi.
WeSmaritad.
Seican Tavi Seni
da Seicnob yovels.
Seican saxleuli Seni
da Seicnob sxvisas.
Seican sofeli Seni
da Seicnob soflebs.
Seican qveyana Seni
da Seicnob qveynebs.
116
Seican samyaro
da Seicnob samyaros.
xolo viT Sevicno: _ ranairia samyaro?!
mxolod da mxolod daos wyalobiT.
Seican dao da Seicnob samyaros.
LV
vinca daeufla des:
axalSobils hgavs.
qvewarmavali mas ver dagesls.
nadiri mas ver daglejs.
yvav-yorani mas ver dafleTs.
Tumca Zvlebi susti aqvs
da wadiereba uZalo:
mZlavrad upyria dao.
Tumca ar uwyis mdedrisa da mamris
TanakavSiri:
cxovelmyofelia da yovelives mxilveli.
mTels dRes moTqvams da ar iRleba:
misi xma xmieria da Tanxmierebas flobs.
vinca Tanxmirebas flobs:
igi ucvlelobas flobs.
vinca ucvlelobas flobs:
igi gasxivosnebas flobs.
ukeTurebaa xorciT netareba.
sulierobaa vnebaTa damorCileba.
117
odes arseba Zlierebas aRwevs:
berdeba da CaCanakdeba.
es ki _ daos xelyofaa.
vinca ar morCilebs daos:
Jammoklea misi arseboba.
LVI
brZeni dums.
umecari qadagebs.
brZeni dums da:
ixSobs kars.
igmanavs sarkmels.
iurvebs vnebebs.
brZeni dums da:
isxivosnebs qaoss.
iwyvdiadebs brwyinvas.
SeerTvis mtvers.
amas hqvia dafaruli erTianoba.
amas hqvia dao dafaruli.
ar egebis misi daufleba:
siyvarulis gamo.
ar egebis misi daufleba:
uaryofis gamo.
ar egebis misi daufleba:
angarebis gamo.
ar egebis misi daufleba:
mwuxarebis gamo.
118
ar egebis misi daufleba:
gandidebis gamo.
ar egebis misi daufleba:
damcirebis gamo.
amitom adiadeben daos cisqveSeTSi.
LVII
samarTlianoba safuZvelia xelmwifebisa.
veragoba safuZvelia omisa.
xelmwifebas umoqmedobiT veuflebiT.
saidan vuwyi, es rom asea?!
rac metia akrZalva:
miT metia siRaribe.
rac metia iaraRi:
miT metia amboxi.
rac metia crubrZnoba:
miT metia sixarbe.
rac metia kanoni da brZaneba:
miT metia qurdi da avazaki.
yovladbrZeni amitom ambobs:L
`me aras viqm da:
xalxs Tavad eufleba srulqmnileba.
me mSvidad var da:
xalxs Tavad eufleba samarTlianoba.
me umoqmedod var da:
xalxs Tavad eufleba keTilSobileba.
119
me vbadamcxrali var da:
xalxs Tavad eufleba ubraloeba~.
LVIII
xelmwife Tu uxvia
da mSvidad xelmwifebs:
xalxi keTilia da bednieri.
xelmwife Tu Slegia
da borotad xelmwifebs:
xalxi ukeTuria da ubeduri.
o, ubedurebav!
Sen Ziri xar bednierebis.
o, bednierebav!
Sen Ziri xar ubedurebis.
vin Seicno:
sad iwyeba maTi saTave?
vin uwyis:
sad Zevs maTi mijnebi?
cvalebadni arian da Jamwarmavalni:
simarTle siverageSi gadadis.
xolo sikeTe _ siboroteSi.
o, gauRwevlobav! o, sibrmavev brmaTa!
raxania dabindulia savali kacTa!
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni Zlieria da:
sZags Zalmomreoba.
120
yovladbrZeni samarTliania da:
sZags ukeTuroba.
yovladbrZeni mowyalea da:
sZags angareba.
yovladbrZeni brwyinvalea da:
sZags brwyinvaleba.
LIX
vinca daeufla daTmenas:
xelmwifebs xalxs da msaxurebs cas.
daTmena Ziria morCilebisa.
xolo morCileba _ des srulqmnaa.
vinca des srulqmnas daeufla:
yovlismZleobas daeufla.
vinca yovlismZleobas daeufla:
usamzRvroebas daeufla.
vinca usamzRvroebas daeufla:
cisqveSeTs daeufla.
cisqveSeTis meufe _ dedaa samyarosi.
vinca samyaros dedas daeufla:
usasruloa da JamgrZeli.
Ziri misi uwiaRoa,
Tesli _ cxovelmyofeli.
es ki daoa:
saZirkveli maradisobisa
da dausabamo Wvretisa.
121
LX
vinca did saxelmwifos xelmwifebs:
maradi simSvide da moTmineba marTebs.
xolo Tu daos morCilebiT vixelmwifebT:
av sulebs ar ZaluZT saswaulTa qmna.
araTu saswaulTa qmna ar ZaluZT:
vnebac ki ar ZaluZT.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni aravis vnebs:
arc mas vnebs vinme.
xolo Tu erTmaneTs ar vvnebT:
Cveni de erTiandeba da srulqmnildeba.
LXI
didi samefo:
mdinareTa TavSesayars hgavs.
igi Sesakrebelia cisqveSeTisa.
igi mdedria cisqveSeTisa.
mdedri TvinierobiT imorCilebs mamrs.
mdedri TvinierobiTve morCilebs mamrs.
WeSmaritad:
odes didi samefo ekrZalvis patara
samefos:
patara samefo morCilebs did samefos.
odes patara samefo ekrZalvis did samefos:
didi samefo morCilebs patara samefos.
122
morCileba mokrZalebas badebs
da krZalulni morCileben erTurTs.
vinca morCilebiT gascems:
daeufleba.
vinca qedmaRlobiT daeufleba:
dakargavs.
xolo Tu:
didi samefo msurvelia _
Tanxmobisa da xalxTa erTianobisa.
patara samefo ki _
siyvarulisa da xalxTa msaxurebisa:
oriveni imas moisTvlian, rasac mieltvian.
WeSmaritad:
vinca sidiades mieltvis:
morCileba marTebs.
LXII
dao Sesakrebelia yoveli arsisa.
igi ganZia keTilTa
da samfarveloa ukeTurTa.
mWevrmetyveleba yvelas ZaluZs.
keTil saqmeTa qmna _ cotas.
ukeTurTa miteveba _ xvedria rCeulTa.
Tu amas ar viqmT:
ra saWiroa mefeni da didebulni?!
mefeni da didebulni ki:
ulev Tvalmargalits floben.
etlebze aRmjdaran da dajiriToben.
123
sjobs Sedgnen da:
mSvidad adiadon dao.
rad adiadebdnen daos Zvelad?!
ar mieltvodnen simdidres
da patiobdnen danaSauls.
amad adiadebdnen daos Zvelad.
LXIII
aRZar da nu iZvri.
hqmen da iuqme.
ixare da imartvile.
sidiade _ simcirea.
simravle _ sicotavea.
sikeTe miage moZules Sensas.
daeufle mZimes:
vidre msubuqia.
daeufle diads.
vidre mcirea.
simsubuqe Seiqms simZimes.
simcire Seiqms sidiades.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni uqmobs da ar diadobs.
swored amiT iqms da diadia.
vinca mravals RaRadebs:
ver povebs rwmenas.
vinca simsubuqes eufleba,
igi simZimesac eufleba.
124
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni niadag mwuxrs garemoucavs.
amitom dums da simSvides moucavs.
LXIV
uZravs advilad daveuflebiT.
Canasaxs advilad aRmovacenebT.
myifes advilad davamsxvrevT.
danamsxvrevs advilad mimovabnevT.
moqmedeba araraisgan unda daviwyoT.
mSvidoba mSvidobisas unda davamyaroT.
didi xe patara ylortisgan aRmocendeba.
cxrasarTuliani koSki muWa miwiT
aRimarTeba.
aTas utevanze svla nabijiT iwyeba.
vinca moqmedebs:
daiRupeba.
vinca flobs:
dakargavs.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni ar moqmedebs:
amitom ar iRupeba.
yovladbrZeni ar flobs:
amitom ar kargavs.
vinca iqms da gandidebas lamobs:
ver miaRwevs misaRwevels.
125
vinca iqms da simSvides lamobs:
is miaRwevs misaRwevels.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni iurvebs vnebebs
da arad miiCnevs iSviaT nivTebs.
swavlulTa gareSe ganiswavleba
da im gzas mihyveba:
rac sxvebma gaiares.
igi morCilebs arsTa bunebiTobas
da dafarul wiaRSi maTs ukuqcevas.
LXV
Zvelad, vinca daos morCilebiT
xelmwifebda:
xalxs umoqmedobasa da umecrebaSi
amyofebda.
bunebiTobas da ubraloebas auflebda.
odes xalxma mravali uwyis
da ar flobs ubraloebas:
Znelia uxelmwifo mas.
WeSmaritad:
vinca crubrZnobiT xelmwifebs:
ukeTuroba moaqvs qveynisTvis.
vinca sibrZniT xelmwifebs:
sikeTe moaqvs qveynisTvis.
vinca es uwyis:
xatia cisqveSeTis.
126
vinca xatia cisqveSeTis:
umaRles des flobs.
o, ra Rrmaa da miuwvdomeli:
umaRlesi de.
igi aras hgavs samyaroSi.
magram Sesakrebelia yovelivesi
da saSoa diadi Tanxmobis.
LXVI
mdinareni da zRvebi:
viT meufeben velTa da mindorTa?!
miT, rom dablobebs eltvian.
ai, rad ZaluZT meufeba:
velTa da mindorTa.
WeSmaritad:
vinca gaxelmwifebas mieltvis:
mokrZaleba marTebs.
vinca gawinamZRvrebas mieltvis:
mowiweba marTebs.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni ar amZimebs xalxs:
odes gaxelmwifdeba cisqveSeTSi.
yovladbrZeni ar batonobs xalxs:
odes gawinamZRvrdeba cisqveSeTSi.
amitom axelmwifeben sixaruliT.
amitom morCileben TanalmobiT.
amitom mkvidrdeba qveynad mSvidoba.
127
odes qveynad mSvidoba mkvidrdeba:
yovladbrZeni ar mZlavrobs.
ar mZlavrobs da:
uZlevelia cisqveSeTSi.
LXVII
cisqveSeTSi yvela aRiarebs:
Cemi dao rom diadia.
diadia da warudinebeli.
warmavali rom iyos:
JamTadenaSi STainTqeboda.
amitom aravis hgavs cisqveSeTSi.
dao maradiulia, rameTu diadia.
me vflob sam saganZurs:
TvalisCiniviT vufrTxildebi maT.
pirvels hqvia _ siyvaruli.
meores hqvia _ zomiereba.
mesames hqvia _ morCileba.
morCileba, anu is:
risi wyalobiTac simSvide meufleba.
vinca siyvaruls flobs:
Zlieria.
vinca zomierebas flobs:
guluxvia.
vinca morCilebas flobs:
meufea.
vinca Zlieria
da ar uwyis siyvaruli:
128
gaubedurdeba.
vinca guluxvia
da ar uwyis zomiereba:
gaCanagdeba.
vinca meufea
da ar uwyis morCileba:
daiRupeba.
vinca siyvaruliT ibrZvis:
imarjvebs da Jamiers erTvis.
vinca cisgan xsnas mielis:
sofliur siyvaruls mieltvis.
LXVIII
vinca WeSmaritad raindia:
ar mZlavrobs.
vinca WeSmaritad mebrZolia:
ar mrisxanebs.
vinca WeSmaritad mowyalea:
damarcxebuls ar imonebs.
vinca WeSmaritad xelmwifea:
guluxvia da ar xelmwifebs.
amas ewodeba de aRuzaveblobisa.
amas ewodeba Zala xelmwifebisa.
amas ewodeba Tanxmoba cismierisa.
aseTia ZvelTaZveli ganCineba.
129
LXIX
`samxedro xelovneba~ RaRadebs:
`me ar viwyeb, me veli.
gojsac ar warvdgam win:
nabijs ki _ ukuvdgam~.
amas ewodeba winsvla ukusvliT.
amas ewodeba gamarjveba ukudgomiT.
amas ewodeba dalaSqvra uiaraRod.
amas ewodeba omi uomrad.
ufro didi ubedureba araferia:
gZuldes mteri Seni.
mtris siZulvili vnebs daos.
WeSmaritad:
maxvilSemarTulTa Soris is imarjvebs:
vinca Tvinieria da morCili.
LXX
Cemi damoZRvris wvdoma ar aris Zneli.
arc misi gawinamZRvrebaa Zneli.
magram xalxs uWirs wvdoma misi
da gawinamZRvrebac uWirs misi.
sityva Cemi _ dasabamieria.
saqme Cemi _ cismieria.
ukeTu ar uwyian dasabamieri:
mec dafaruli var maTTvis.
mcireds Tu Seucnia dasabamieri.
mec amitom var _ ganZi dafaruli.
130
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni jvaloTia Semosili.
SigniT ki _ ganZiTaa daganZuli.
LXXI
vinca brZenia da Tavi umecrad moaqvs:
znemaRalia.
vinca umecaria da Tavi brZnad moaqvs:
sneulia.
uwode sneulebas sneuleba
da gagecleba sneuleba!
yovladbrZeni ar aris sneuli.
igi uwodebs sneulebas sneulebas:
amitom ar aris sneuli.
LXXII
odes dgeba Jami mZlavrobisa:
xalxi Zrwis ZlierTa winaSe.
nu angrevT maT sacxovrisebs!
nu dasciniT maT cxovrebas!
nu daamwuxrebT sxvis cxovrebas
da Tqvenic aRar damwuxardeba!
amitomaa:
yovladbrZenma uwyis naTeba Tvisi:
magram ar brwyinvalebs.
yovladbrZenma uwyis Tanalmoba Tvisi:
magram ar medidurobs.
131
WeSmaritad:
daeufle erTs da uaryav meore!
LXXIII
vinca Zlieria da mzvaobari:
kvdeba.
vinca Zlieria da Tvinieri:
cocxlobs.
erTs ziani moaqvs,
meores ki _ madli.
vinca uaryo cis meufeba:
ver Seicno maTi Zirebi.
yovladbrZeni amitom martvilobs.
amitom umZims mizezTa Zieba.
meufe cisa ar daobs da uZlevelia.
dums da mravlismetyvelia.
arvis uxmobs da yovelives garemoicavs.
ar iZvris da yoveliveze mets iqms.
ciuri bade gamWvirvalea da usasrulo:
magram erTiania da gauRweveli.
LXXIV
odes xalxs ar akrTobs sikvdili:
rad vemuqrebiT sikvdiliT?!
vinca sikvdiliT emuqreba xalxs:
buneba sjis mas.
132
vinRa gabedavs kvlas?!
aris diadi msajuli:
is spobs mkvlels.
misi Secvla ar egebis.
vinca Secvlis diad msajuls:
buneba dasjis mas.
LXXV
xalxi imad SimSilobs:
saxelmwifo begara rom didia.
amad SimSilobs xalxi.
xalxi imad SfoTavs:
qveynis mpyrobelni rom
bevrs iRvwian misTvis.
amad SfoTavs xalxi.
xalxs imad ar akrTobs sikvdili:
sicocxles rom morCilad mieltvis.
amad ar akrTobs sikvdili.
amad aris sicocxlis morCili:
brZeni.
xolo sicocxleze aRzevebuli:
umecari.
LXXVI
odes ibadeba kaci:
ToToa da susti.
133
odes kvdeba kaci:
magaria da xmeli.
yoveli arsi da aRmonaceni:
ToToa da susti aRmocenebisas.
yoveli arsi da aRmonaceni:
magaria da xmeli kvdomisas.
WeSmaritad:
kvdomadia magari da xmeli.
aRmocenebadia ToTo da susti.
amitomaa:
Zalmosili mxedroba marcxdeba.
xe Zlieri Wkneba da xmeba.
magari da xmeli:
miwas SeerTvis.
ToTo da susti:
cad maRldeba.
LXXVII
mSvildis mozidvas hgavs:
dao bunebiTi.
odes qvedaizideba ze:
maSin zeaizideba qve.
moakldeba Warbs.
moemateba nakluls.
dao bunebiTi:
mdidars wahgvris da Raribs miagebs.
134
dao kacebrivi:
Raribs wahgvris da mdidars miagebs.
vis ZaluZs gasces yoveli?!
vinca daos morCilebs.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni Seiqms
da ar eufleba Seqmnils.
yovladbrZeni aRZravs
da ar eufleba aRZruls.
yovladbrZeni gasxivosnebulia:
magram bindiT garemoucavs Tavi.
LXXVIII
cisqveSeTSi araferia:
wyalze ufro susti
da wyalze ufro rbili.
magram ZaluZs sZlios:
yvelaze ufro magarsa
da yvelaze ufro Zliers.
aryofna ipyrobs yofiers.
susti sZlevs Zliers.
rbili sZlevs magars.
cisqveSeTSi aravinaa, es rom ar uwyodes.
mxolod rCeulni mieltvian mis
aRsrulebas.
135
yovladbrZeni amitom ambobs:
`vinca gacodvilda mTeli qveynis codviT:
gawinamZRvrda cisqveSeTSi.
vinca daitanja mTeli qveynis tanjviT:
gameufda cisqveSeTSi~.
WeSmaritebas ar sWirdeba RaRadi.
LXXIX
vinca gainela didi siZulvili:
mainc SerCa mcireodeni.
mas ar ZaluZs sikeTis qmna.
amitomaa:
yovladbrZeni daikrebs yvelas codvebs
da sazRaurad arafers iTxovs.
vinca flobs umaRles saTnoebas:
daikrebs codvebs da ewameba.
vinca ar flobs umaRles saTnoebas:
ver daikrebs codvebs da ver ewameba.
diadi dao ganmxoloebulia.
mxolod imas wyalobs:
vinca sikeTes Tess.
LXXX
o, xelmwifeo!
ukeTu Seni samefo pataraa da xalxmcire
da ukeTu flob didZal iaraRs:
136
nu moixmar mas.
Seacnobine adamianT sikvdilis arsi
da arasodes dauteveben mSobliur alagT.
dae, flobde xomaldebsa da etlebs:
magram saomrad nu daZrav maT.
dae, gyavdes laSqari:
magram nu ilaSqreb.
dae, kvlav kvanZebi kvanZon
da werilTa magier agzavnon.
dae, hqondeT sazrdeli _ gemrieli.
samoseli _ mSvenieri.
saxl-kari _ myudro.
xolo cxovreba _ mSvidobiani.
dae, Soridan umziron mezobel qveynebs:
Soridan usminon maTi mamalebis yivils.
Soridan usminon maTi ZaRlebis yefas.
dae, moxucdnen da ise gardicvalon:
verasodes ixilon erTmaneTi.
o, xelmwifeo!
nurad drtvinav da nurad imRvrevi!
Seacnobine adamianT sikvdilis arsi
da arasodes dauteveben mSobliur alagT.
LXXXI
WeSmariti sityva ar aris lamazi.
lamazi sityva ar aris WeSmariti.
znemaRali kaci ar daobs.
vinca daobs: ar aris znemaRali.
brZeni sibrZnes flobs da dums.
umecari _ umecrebas da qadagebs.
137
yovladbrZeni ar ixveWs.
yovelives xalxisTvis iqms
da yovelives gascems.
rac umetess gascems:
mets moisTvlis kvlavgasacemad.
dao bunebiTi:
iqms da uZravia.
dao brZenTa:
iqms da mdumarea.
Î
138
la
o Z
i d
a k
on
fu
ci
. q
vi
s b
ar
el
ie
fi
. X
I s
.
qristianoba da `dao de Zini~
mizanSewonilad CavTvale, gavacno mki-
Txvels axali epoqis udidesi mwerlisa da mo-
azrovnis lev tolstois Tvalsazrisi lao-Zis
moZRvrebisadmi, rogorc monaTesave reli gi -
uri moZRvrebisa qristianul religiur moZRv -
re basTan, da saerTod, misi damokidebu leba
Cinuri, kerZod, `dao de Zinis~ samyarosadmi. es
damokidebuleba kidev erTxel cxadad gvamc-
nobs imas, Tu ra ganuzomeli mniSvneloba aqvs
`dao de Zins~, ra saRmrTo RirebulebaTa Setana
SeuZlia mas ama Tu im eris sulier saganZurSi.
Cinuri religiisa da filosofiisadmi inte -
re si lev tolstois jer kidev 1880-ian wlebSi
aReZra da sikvdilamde arc ganelebia. igi sxveb-
sac uRvivebda am siyvaruls. tolstois am
ltolvas Cinuri sibrZnisadmi gvamcnobs misi
sami patara werili: `konfucis wignebi~, `diadi
moZRvreba~ da `wigni gzisa da saTnoebisa~.
yvela es gaerTianebulia erTi saTauriT: `Ci nu -
ri sibrZne~. tolstois izidavda CinelTa mSvi -
do biani buneba da saTnoebisa da simarTlisadmi
maTi siyvaruli. igi werda: `Cinelebi yvelaze
mSvidobiani xalxia qveynad. maT ara undaT ra
sxvisa, ar uyvarT omi. Cineli mxvnel-mTesvelia.
maTi mefe Tavad xnavs. da amitom, Cinelebi yve-
laze mSvidobiani xalxia qveynad. isini amboben:
`Tu kaci ambobs, rom is kargi mebrZolia, icode
_ is kaci didad saSiSia.~ `saukeTeso kaci is
aris, vinc sxvas borots ar uzams, Tavad mci -
reds ikmarebs, sxvisTvis ki bevrs gascems.
141
Cinelebi borotebas ar sCadian, aravis ebrZvian
da bevrs gascemen, TavianTTvis cotas kma ro -
ben~. `ai, maTi rwmena: isini amboben (amas maTi
moZ Rvari Cu-xi ambobs): `yoveli kaci ciuri
mamisagan iSva; da amitom ar arsebobs kaci, mis
gulSi rom siyvaruli, saTnoeba, simarTle,
Tavazianoba da sibrZne ar Rviodes~.
lev tolstois surda Cinuri filosofiuri
da religiuri ideebi ruseTSic gaevrcelebina.
1891 wels peterburgel gamomcemels m. m.
leder les kiTxviT miumarTavs tol stoi saT -
vis, Tu simwifis asakSi romelma moazrovneebma
moax di nes masze zegavlena. tolstois dasav -
leT Eev ropel moazrovneebTan erTad dausax-
elebia konfuci, men-Zi (`Zalian didi~) da lao-
Zi (`uzarmazari~). 1884 wels, TebervalSi tol-
stoi v. g. Certkovs wers: `vzivar saxlSi Zlier
surdoiani, sicxiT Sepyrobili da meore dRea
konfucis vkiTxulob. ver warmoidgen, ra ara -
Cve ulebrivi simaRlea. tkbebi, roca xedav, Tu
rogor aRwevs zogjer es moZRvreba qristian-
uli moZRvrebis simaRlemde~. amave wlis martSi
tolstoi isev wers Certkovs: `me Cinuri reli -
giiT var Sepyrobili. Zalian bevri kargi ram ga -
mov Cxrike, CemTvis sasargeblo da sa si xarulo.
Tu RvTis wyaloba iqna, minda yovelive es sxveb-
sac gavuziaro~. isev Certkovs wers: `didad
datyvevebuli var Cinuri sibrZniT. Zalian didi
survili maqvs gacnoboT Tqvenca da yvelas is
zne obrivi sargeblianoba, rac me am wignebma
STamagones~. 1884 wlis 27 marts tolstoi dRi -
urSi wers: `Cems zneobriv mdgomareo bas mivawer
142
agreTve konfucis kiT xvas da, rac mTa varia,
lao-Zis~. misive sit yve biT, lao-Zis moZ Rvrebam
masze `uzarmazari zegavlena~ moaxdina.
lev tolstoi `dao de Zinis~ safuZvlian
Seswavlas 1884 wels Sedgomia, roca misi rusu-
lad Targmna da gamocema gadauwyvetia. 1884
wlis 6 marts dRiurSi iwers: `vTargmnidi lao-
Zis. ise ar gamodis, rogorc minda~. mas xelT
hqonia s. Jiulienis franguli Targmani `dao de
Zinisa~ da calkeul Tavebze aseTi minawerebi
gaukeTebia: `metafizika _ saucxooa~. `dasabami
_ saucxooa~. `gasaocaria~. 1893-1894 wlebSi
tolstoi xSirad mimarTavda v. v. stasovs im
literaturis gamo, rac Cinur filosofias See -
xe boda, kerZod ki _ lao-Zis moZRvrebas da Re -
bu lobda kidec misgan dawvrilebiT cnobebs.
rogorc a. i. Sifmani gvauwyebs Tavis wignSi
`lev tolstoi da aRmosavleTi~, tolstoi xel -
meored dabrunebia lao-Zis moZRvrebas, roca e.
i. popovTan erTad muSaoba ganuaxlebia `dao de
Zinis~ rusul Targmanze. `udides mniS vnelobas
rom aniWebda ruseTSi mis gamocemas, mwerali
gamowvlilviT amuSavebda am Tar gmans da uda -
rebda mas dasavleTevropul Targmanebs~. tol-
stois am periodis werilebi da dRiurebi xSirad
gvauwyeben am rTuli samuSaos Sesaxeb. 1893 wlis
2 seqtembers tolstoi cols wers: `Cven misas
(popovTan) vkiTxulobT da vasworebT Rrmad mo -
az rovne mwerlis lao-Zis Targmans; da me yo -
velTvis siamovnebiTa da daZabulobiT ver T -
vebi, da vcdilob gadmovce, vsargeblob fran -
guli da Zalian kargi germanuli Targ ma niT~.
143
1893 wlis 5 oqtombers tolstoi dRiurSi wers:
`popovi aq aris. Cven masTan erTad germaneli
Strausis mixedviT vTargmniT lao-Zis. ra
SesaniSnavia! unda SevadginoT misgan patara
wigni~. raTa droze Sesruldes es Canafiqri,
tol stoi cdilobs CarTos am saSur saqmeSi
Tavisi axlobeli adamianebi, pirvel rigSi v. g.
Certkovi. magram igi gulgrilad ekideboda
tol stois winadadebas. xolo popovma ver daas-
rula Targmani. mwerlis Canafiqri, gaecno
ruse Ti saT vis `dao de Zini~, amJamadac ganuxor-
cielebeli darCenila. 1909 wels mwerali isev
dabrunebia `dao de Zinis~ gamocemis ideas. man
1910 wels gamomcemloba `posrednikSi~ gamos ca
lao-Zis samocdaoTxi aforizmi (tolstois
usar geblia franguli TargmaniT st. Julien Lao-
Tseu, Tao-me-king. he livze de voie et de la vertu, Paris,
1841. am Targmanis garda usargeblia agreTve
germaneli orientalistis viqtor fridrix fon
Strausis (1809-1899) TargmniT: “Lao-Tseu, Tao-me
king. Ubersetzs und commentiert von Victor von Strauss
Leipzig” (1870). tolstoim Cineli brZenis rTuli
da Rrma azris Semcveli sentenciebi, mokle da
naTeli aforizmebiT gadmosca. is am gziT
cdilobda lao-Zis moZRvreba misawvdomi gaexa-
da farTo masebisaTvis. wigns erTvis tolstois
patara winaTqma `lao-Zis moZRvrebis arsi~, sa -
dac umTavresad lao-Zis moZRvrebis religiuri
da zneobriv-eTikuri mxarea ganmartebuli.
lev tolstois `dao de ZinSi~ gansakuTrebiT
izidavda xorcieli damTmelobis idea da sa ku -
Tar TavSi sulieri sawyisis srulqmnisken
144
ltol va, rogorc adamianuri cxovrebis safu-
ZvelTa safuZvlisaken. lao-Zis moZRvrebaSi
tolstoi umTavres mniSvelobas aniWebs damoZ -
Rvras: `icxovro ara sxeulisTvis, aramed
sulisTvis~ da ganmartavs am ZiriTad debule-
bas rogorc zneobriv-eTikur kodeqss, rogorc
ganmsazRvrels adamianis damokidebulebisa
garesamyarosTan. amis mixedviT ganixilavs
d a o s cnebasac. tolstois mixedviT dao aris
cneba, rac sinonimia qristianuli siyvarulis
cnebisa, sinonimia saTnoebisa, anu umaRlesi
sawyisia, risi saSualebiTac adamiani aRwevs
siax loves mTlian samyarosTan. Tavad lao-Zis
ki udides zneobriv moZRvars uwodebda. weril-
idan Cans, rom tolstois `dao de Zini~ aintere-
sebda rogorc mxolod eTikuri moZRvreba. es
imas ar niSnavs, rom tolstois ar esmoda am
Txzulebis kosmologiuri da metafizikuri
arsi _ mas surda lao-Zis ZiriTadi eTikuri
Tvalsazrisebi mTeli xalxisaTvis misawvdomi
gaexada. tolstois araerTxel miumarTavs
lao-Zis mcnebaTa Taviseburi transforma ci i -
saT vis. werilSi `pirveli safexuri~ tolstoi
erTgan wers: `rasac ufro mets miuboZebs kaci
xalxs da TavisTvis mcirediT dakmayofildeba,
miT ufro ukeTesia igi. rac naklebs gaiRebs da
bevrs TavisTvis moixveWs, miT ufro uaresia
igi~. es tipiuri lao-Ziseuli gamonaTqvamia, man
lao-Zis umoqmedobis principi qristianuli
wina Rud gomlobis zneobriv kanons miusadaga.
amito mac werda: `cixesimagre da Zliereba _
sik vdilis Tanamgzavria~. mas miaCnda, rom Zala,
145
_ rasac ZalmomreobasTan aigivebda, _ yovel -
T vis borotebis saTave iyo, xolo wina Rud gom -
lo ba _ saukeTeso gzaa sikeTisa da gamarjve-
bisa. am safuZvelze anaTesavebda tolstoi
lao-Zis moZRvrebas qristianobasTan, budiz m -
Tan da aRmosavleTis im religiebTan, romle -
bic borotebisadmi winaRudgomlobas qa da geb -
dnen. Tumca aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom tol s -
toim ukiduresobamde miiyvana es Tvalsazrisi
da, rogorc ian xin-Suni ambobs, lao-Zis umoq -
me dobis principi mTlianad Tavis moZR vr e bas -
Tan _ borotebis winaRudgomlo bas Tan gaai -
giva; xolo d a o s miawera, rogorc aRv niS neT,
RvTaebrivi Tvisebebi, rac garkveuli niS nebiT
miagavda qristianul moZRvrebas. tol s tois
miaCnda, rom `dao de Zinis~ ideebsa da qris -
tianul moZRvrebas (kerZod maTes saxa re basa da
ioanes pirvel epistoles) Soris bev ri ram iyo
saerTo da naTesauri. da es marTlac asea.
lev tolstoi, lao-Zis msgavsad, zneobrivi
srulqmnis ierarqiul princips aRiarebda.
tol stoi ambobda: `yvela zneobriv moZRvre ba Si
dadasturebulia is kibe, romelic, rogorc
Cinuri sibrZne gvauwyebs, dgas miwidan camde, da
masze aRmasvla SeuZlebelia pirveli safexuris
gareSe~. zneobriobis ierarqiis yvelaze qveda
safexurad igi d a m T m e n l o b a s miiC nev da
(dam Tmenloba erT-erTi ZiriTadi debu lebaa
lao-Zis moZRvrebisa). mas damTmenloba miaCnda
war marTuli da qristianuli moZRv re bis saer -
To miRwevad. Tumca mainc ganasxvavebda maT bu -
ne bas erTmaneTisagan. igi werda: `...war marTs
146
dam Tmenloba TavisTavad saTnoebad warmoudge-
nia, qristianisTvis ki damTmenloba mxo lod
nawilia TviTuaryofisa, rac aucilebeli pi ro -
baa srulqmnis misaRwevad. da amitom WeS ma rit ma
qristianobam Tavis gamovlenaSi ver uar yo is
saTnoebani, romelTac warmarTic aRia reb da~.
tol stoi amave werilSi wers: `keTili cxovreba
ar yofila da arc SeiZleba rom iyos damTme n -
lo bis gareSe. damTmenlobis gareSe warmoud-
genelia yovelgvari keTili cxovreba, yovel -
nai ri wvdoma keTili cxovrebisa misiT iwyeba.
aris saTnoebaTa kibe da igi pirveli sa fe xu -
ridan unda daviwyoT Tu gvinda, rom mom devnos
daveufloT. da pirveli saTnoeba, rasac unda
miaRwios adamianma yvelaze umaRlesis da sa uf -
leblad, aris keTil go ni e reba, anu TviT floba~.
lev tolstois winaTqmas, rac erTvis mis
mier ve Targmnil da gamocemul lao-Zis wigns,
mTlianad gTavazobT:
`lao-Zis moZRvrebis Ziri igivea, rac yvela
didi, WeSmariti religiuri moZRvrebis Ziri.
igi aseTia: kaci Seicnobs Tavis Tavs upirveles
yov li sa sxeulebriv pirovnebad, yovelive da -
nar Ce nisagan gankerZoebulad da msurvelad
sikeTisa mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis. magram
garda imisa, rom yoveli kaci Tavis Tavs Tvlis
petred, iva ned, mariamad, ekaterined, igi ag -
reT ve Tavis Tavs Seicnobs usxeulo arsebad,
iseTived, ro go ric cxovrobs yovel arsebaSi
da miuboZebs mTels qveynierebas sicocxlesa
da sikeTes. ase rom, adamians SeuZlia icxovros
an im sxeuleb riv, samyarosagan gankerZoebul
147
arsebad, ro me lic cocxlobs masSi da romel-
sac mTeli qvey nierebisaTvis surs sikeTe, anda
im usxeulo arsad, romelic cocxlobs masSi da
romelsac mTeli qveynierebisaTvis surs si ke -
Te. adamians ZaluZs icxovros an sxeulisTvis,
anda su lis Tvis. icxovre sxeulisTvis da cxov -
reba mwu xa re biT agevseba, radganac sxeuli
itanjeba, sne u l deba da kvdeba. icxovre suli s -
Tvis da cxovreba sikeTiT agevseba, radganac
sulisTvis ar ar se bobs arc tanjva, arc sneu -
leba, arca sikvdili.
da amitom imisTvis, adamianis cxovreba rom
mwuxareba ki ara, sikeTe iyos, man unda iswavlos
cxovreba ara sxeulisTvis, aramed sulis T vis.
swored amas gvaswavlis lao-Zi. is imas gvas wav -
lis, rogor gadavideT xorcieli arsebo bidan
sulier arsebobaSi. igi Tavis moZ Rv rebas g z a s
uwodebs, radganac mTeli moZRv reba am gar-
daqmnis gzas gviCvenebs, swored amis gamo ewo -
deba lao-Zis mTel moZRvrebas w i g n i g z i s a .
es gza, lao-Zis moZRvrebis mixedvT, imaSi mdgo-
mareobs, rom umoqmedoni viy veT, anda rac
SeiZleba nakleb vqmnaT is, rac sxeuls swadia;
ar SevizRudoT is, rac suls swadia, xorciel
saqmeTa qmnadobiT win ar aR vud geT adamianis
sulSi im cis ZalTa (rogorc lao-Zi uwodebs
RmerTs) gamovlenis Se saZ leblobas, riTac
cocxlobs yovelive qveynad.
xSirad es azri, Tuki igi mTargmnelis mier
sworad aris Targmnili, TiTqos ganzrax uc -
naurad aris gamoTqmuli; magram es azri yvel -
gan mTeli moZRvrebis safuZvelia.
148
es azri ara mxolod hgavs, aramed zustad is
aris, rac ioanes pirvel epistoleSia gamoT qmu -
li da qristianuli moZRvrebis safuZvels war-
moadgens. lao-Zis moZRvrebis mixedviT, er Tad -
erTi gza, risi wyalobiTac adamiani Seer wymis
RmerTs, aris d a o . d a o xom yovelive zed-
metis, xorcielis daTmeniT Seimec neba. asea
moZRvrebis mixedviT, romelic gamoTqmulia
ioanes pirvel epistoleSi. ioanes moZRvrebis
mixedviT, adamianis RmerTTan Serwymis saSu a -
leba aris siyvaruli. siyvarulic iseve, ro -
gorc d a o , miiRweva yovelive sxeulebrivis,
pi ra dulis daTmobiT. da rogorc sityva
d a o S i , lao-Zis moZRvrebis mixedviT, igu lis -
xmeba casTan Serwymis gzaca da Tavad gzac, _
aseve ioanes moZRvrebis mixedviT, sityva
siyvarulSi igulisxmeba siyvarulica da Tavad
R m e r T i c (`RmerTi siyvaruli ars~). rogorc
erTi, ise me o re moZRvrebis arsi is aris, rom
adamians ZaluZs Seimecnos Tavisi Tavi
gankerZoebiTac da ganuyofladac, war-
mavladac da maradiuladac, xorcieladac da
sulieradac, cxoveladac da RvTaebrivadac.
imis misaRwevad, rom Se vi mecnoT Tavi Cveni
sulierad da RvTa eb rivad, lao-Zis mixedviT,
arsebobs mxolod erTi gza, rasac is d a o s
uwodebs da rac Tavis TavSi umaRlesi
saTnoebis cnebas Seicavs. es Seg neba miiRweva im
TvisebebiT, rasac yvela xalxebi floben. ase
rom, lao-Zis moZRvrebis arsi igivea, rac qris-
tianuli moZRvrebis arsi. rogorc erTi, ise
meore gamovlinebis arsi damTmenlobaa yove-
149
live sxeulebrivisa, im sulieri RvTaebrivi
sawyisis miRwevaa, rac adamianis cxovrebis
safuZvelia~.
*
lev tolstoi, rogorc vnaxeT, xazgasmiT
aRniSnavda im naTesaur kavSirs, rac marTlac
arsebobs lao-Zis moZRvrebasa da qristianul
moZRvrebas Soris. raime pirdapir zegav le -
nebze laparaki albaT SeuZlebelia, magram `dao
de Zinis~ calkeul motivebsa da saxarebis
ideebs Soris rom didi msgavsebaa, es udavoa.
saerTod cnobilia, rom qristianobam, vidre
igi Tavis orTodoqsul saxes miiRebda, Seiwova
manamde arsebuli yvela didi sibrZne. bertran
raseli `dasavleTis filosofiis istoriaSi~
xazgasmiT ambobs, rom qristianuli religia,
rac mogvianebiT romis imperiam uwyaloba
araromael xalxebs, sami ZiriTadi elementis-
gan Sedgeba: platonisa da neoplatonuri moZ -
Rv reba (nawilobriv stoicizmi), ebraelTa re -
ligia da axali xanis Teoriebi (xsnis Teo ria),
rac nawilobriv orfizmSi da axlo aRmo -
savleTSi vlindeboda. swored am mizezTa gamo,
sruliadac ar aris gamoricxuli, rom lao-Zis
moZRvrebas, religiur daoizms rom daedo
safuZvlad, raRac saxiT da romeliRac Sua -
leduri gziT CaeRwia dasavleTSi; da araTu
gamoricxuli ar aris, vfiqrob, sxvanairad war-
moudgenelic kia. diadi movlenebis da axali
150
eris dawyebis winaSe mdgomi winareqristianuli
msoflio erT fokusSi ikrebda yvela im re li -
giur sibrZnes, rac imdroindeli civilizaciis
centrebSi iyo cnobili da erTi qveynidan
meoreSi vrceldeboda.
ra Ra Tqma unda, am SemTxvevaSi Cems mizans ar
Seadgens raime genetikuri kavSirebis Zieba am
or moZRvrebas Soris, _ es calke uzarmazari
kvlevis sferoa. Cemi survilia, mxolod zogadi
xasiaTisa da calkeuli konkretuli aspeq tis
msgavsebaTa aRniSvniT Semovifarglo, vaC veno
is msgavseba, is Sinagani kanonzomierebani, rac
am or moZRvrebas, ufro sworad, `dao de Zinsa~
da saxarebas anaTesavebs erTmaneTTan.
*
Sarl enSleni wignSi `religiis warmoSoba~
ganixilavs adreuli qristianobis Canasaxebs da
misi warmoSobis erT Zirs filon aleqsan-
drielis saxels ukavSirebs. enSleni ase war-
mogvidgens filonis ZiriTad ideebs: 1. erTiani
transcendenturi RmerTis idea, rasac ar
ZaluZs daukavSirdes adamians Suamavlis _ lo -
gosis gareSe, Sobils samyaros warmoSobamde,
da rasac filoni aigivebs platonelTa da
neopitagorelTa sityvasTan. logos _ RvTis
msaxuria, ris winaSec igi xalxisTvis iRvwis. 2.
logosis idea (anu sityvisa, RvTis Zisa) yovel-
nairi moqmedebis pirvelmizezia, rac erT dro -
u lad aris gonic da sityvac da raSic RvTis
151
Semoqmedi Zala isaxeba. zogjer filoni lapa -
rakobs masze, rogorc pirovnebaze. is wers, rom
logosi `srulqmnili Zea, RvTis rCeuli~.
bolos enSleni daaskvnis: `RmerTi sargeblobs
Tavisi logosiT, rogorc aRmsrulebliT, misi
wyalobiT Seqmna RmerTma samyaro~.
Tuki am debulebebs lao-Ziseul daosa da
des SevupirispirebT, msgavsebis aseT suraTs
miviRebT: dao dasabamieria da uxilavia, aryof-
naa, xolo de daos gamovlinebaa yofierebaSi,
anu TviTyofierebaa, cxadi da xilvadi. filo -
niseuli logosi, Cemi azriT, ufro des ganzo-
gadebul cnebas miesadageba, vidre daos
cnebas. logosi RmerTis gacxadebuli asaxvaa,
uxilavi da dafaruli RmerTis saxieri gamov-
linebaa, rac asxeulebs yovel arss da awes-
rigebs samyaros nivTier qmedebas. asevea daoc.
de, rogorc ukve viciT, konkretuli asaxvaa
uxilavi da dafaruli daosi, misi nivTieri
gamovlinebaa, rac `xorcqmnis yovel arss...
srulqmnis yovel arss~ (LI). qristianuli cneba
_ logosi rom lao-Zis des msgavsia, amas ioanes
saxarebis dasawyisic adasturebs: `pirveliTgan
iyo sityua¡, sityua¡ igi iyo RmrTisa Tana, da
RmerTi iyo sityua¡ igi. ese iyo pirveliTgan
RmrTisa Tana. yovelive mis mier Seiqmna, da
Tvinier misa arca erTi ra¡ iqmna, raodeni ra¡
iqmna, mis Tana cxovreba¡ igi iyo naTel kacTa.
da naTeli igi bnelsa Sina Cans, da bneli igi mas
ver ewia~ (1,1-5). logosi udris qristes, qriste
152
udris umaRles srulqmnas, umaRlesi srulqmna
udris des, de udris yovladbrZens. aqedan
SeiZ leba vivaraudoT, rom qriste da lao-Zis
yovladbrZeni sinonimuri Sinaarsis cnebebia.
logosi igive wmida sulic aris. xolo lao-
ZisTvis yovladbrZeni da wmida suli tol-
fasovani cnebebia, radganac Cinuri religiur-
miTologiuri warmodgeniT brZeni da wmidani
erTsa da imaves niSnavs. filo so fo seb Tan lo -
gosi iyo Taviseburi saxis sayo vel Tao goni;
qris tianobaSi igi warmodga pi rov nebad: Rmer -
Tma sityvis SuamavlobiT Seqmna samyaro da
sityva iqca sagnad, xorcad, ramac Tavis TavSi
RvTaebrivi da adamianuri sawyisebi ga a er Tiana.
Tuki logoss, religiaSi gadmotanils, gavi -
azrebT rogorc qristes _ uzenaesi meufis
ideaTa aRmsrulebels miwaze, maSin qristes
idea SeiZleba davinaxoT lao-Zis des cnebaSi, im
des, rac ganasrulebs da ganacxadebs dasabami-
er daos Sinagan Zvrebsa da kanonebs (LI).
qriste, Suamavali srulqmnil RmerTsa da
arasrulqmnil adamians Soris, Tavad yvelaze
umaRlesi Suamavali, aTavisuflebs RvTaebrivi
warmomavlobis suls, Camwyvdeuls materialur
samyaroSi. es materialuri samyaro ki Sedegia
dabneulobisa da siyalbisa, harmoniisa da pir -
vel yofili mTlianobis rRvevisa. am mTli a no -
bis miRweva SesaZlebelia pirvelyofil arsTan
_ pleromasTan SerwymiT, rac Tavisi bunebiT
idealuria da Seicavs Tavis TavSi rogorc
153
RmerTs, ise sulier samyaros. xsna ZaluZT mxo -
lod sulis kacT, romelTa ZaluZT dafa rul
misteriaTa Secnoba. am azrs TavisTavad
mivyavarT lao-Zis yovladbrZenis saxesTan.
vis ZaluZs xsna da JamgrZeloba, vis ZaluZs
gamoZRvreba da gawinamZRvreba? mxolod mas,
vinc Seicno dao da miswvda mis arss, vinc Tavad
iqca daod. `Tavad iqca daod~ metafizikur da
mistikur cnebaTa kompleqsia, radganac igi
faqtiurad des tolfasovani cnebaa, rogorc
umaRles saTnoebaTa Sesakrebeli. vinc miaRwia
umaRles saTnoebas da zneobriv srulqmnas, is
aris BmravalJamieri (XVI), anu ukvdavi. xolo
vin aris mravalJamieri? vinc gadiadda, `vinca
waruvalSi gardicvala~ (XXXIII), anu gaukvdav-
da. xolo vin gadiadda da gaukvdavda? yov lad -
brZeni, igive wmida suli, anu igive qriste. ma -
te riisagan gamonTavisuflda suli da Seerwya
Tavis maradiul samyofs. enSleni askvnis: `aq
Cven vnaxulobT, da amaSi araferia ga sak vi ri, _
cne ba logosis Temas rogor ZaluZs aRa dginos
erTianoba. sxvadasxva sinkretul mimdina re o -
baSi logosi Seimecneboda sxvadasxva saxiT:
zogjer mas orfeosTan aigivebdnen, zog jer _
iesosTan: zogjer adamianis sxeulSi myof
RvTaebriv eonTan, zogjer _ mosesTan, zog jer
_ gvel-leviaTanTan... zogjer ki _ mzesTan~.
axla vnaxoT, rogor hgavs iesos mesianur
saxes lao _ Zis yovladbrZeni. rogorc zemoT
aRiniSna, Tu logosi igive qristea, qriste
154
igive umaRlesi Sesakrebelia saTnoebisa da
sru lqmnisa, RvTaebrivi Zalisa da sulisa. Tu
yove live es udris des da de udris yov -
ladbrZens _ maSin yoveladbrZeni udris
logossac da udris qristesac. xSirad es
msgavseba ise TvalsaCinoa, TiTqmis sulieri
mdgomareobis garegan saxeSic anu xorciel
xatSic ki vlindeba. lao-Zis yoveladbrZenis
saxes Cven ukve kargad vicnobT. gana swored ase
ar gamoiyureba renesansis epoqis fermwerTa
mier Sesrulebuli qriste _ susti, pasiuri,
umoqmedo, wmida, saTno, tanjuli, magram Sina -
ganad Zlieri da RvTaebrivi cecxliT gaci s -
krovnebuli. Tavad morCili da imave dros wina -
mZRvari da moZRvari. lao-Zis yovlad brZenSi
Casaxulia mesianizmis idea, RmerT-kacis idea,
rac sruli gamoxatulebaa daos bune biTobisa
da umoqmedo moqmedebisa. qristes fermkrTal
saxes, mis umoqmedo da pasiuri Jestsa da
mzeras, mis Cvilsa da faqiz sulier sawyisebs,
raSic saRmrTo Zala da energia Wvivis, ena -
Tesaveba lao-Ziseuli yovladbrZenis buneba.
qristianuli gnosticizmi, anu Semecneba warmo -
d geba, rogorc saSualeba miwiuri keTil dRe o -
bis uaryofisa, xorcis daTrgunvisa, siwmidisa
da damTmenlobis miRwevisa. qristes tanjvac
sxva araferia, Tu ara sulis xorcze gamarjve-
ba. lao-Ziseuli yovladbrZeni uaryofs yove -
l gvar keTildReobas, yovelives gascems, itan-
jeba sxvaTa tanjviT, daiTmens vnebebsa da
155
survilebs, raTa tanjvis gziT miswvdes daos
arss, Seimecnos igi da icxovros ise, rogorc
wyalma, romelic daosa da umaRlesi saTnoebis
msgavsia (VIII).
qristianuli mesianizmi igive sulis xsnaa; im
xanaSi gavrcelebuli iyo mesianuri moZraoba.
mesiad saxavdnen bevrs. TviT ioane naTlis mce -
melic ki, vinc qristianuli tradiciis mixe dviT
qristes winamorbedi iyo, erT-erTi mesi aTa -
gania. lao-Zis mTel legendur-miTiur cxovre-
bas da mistiuri saburveliT garemosil pirov -
nebas, mTel mis moZRvrebas mesianuri elferi
dah kravs. upirvelesad es Cans yovlad brZenis
saxeSi. qristianul moZRvrebaSi Semec neba, anu
gnosis (berZnulad `codna~) SeiZleba davakav Si -
roT yovladbrZenTan. igi, Tavisi umaRlesi
sru lqmnis misaRwevad codnas flobs, anu
sibrZnes (igive siwmidesa da WeSmaritebas). xo -
lo misteriaTa religiebi Seicavda xsnas, anu
mesiis Secnobas. amnairad, codna anu Semecneba
ukavSirdeba yovladbrZens, rac, zemoT naTqva -
mis mixedviT, mesianur sferos SeerTvis, mesia
da codna, anu sibrZne, ganuyofel kavSirSi arian
erTmaneTTan. aqedan warmodgeba sulis ukvdave-
bis (berZnul filosofiasa da qristianul re -
ligiaSi) da JamgrZelobis motivebi, raic tol-
fasovani cnebebia da gaRvTiurebis princips
asaxaven. aseTia `dao de Zinisa~ da qristianuli
moZRvrebis mesianuri msgavsebani, qristesa da
yovladbrZenis saxeebSi ganxorcielebuli.
156
adreul qristianobaSi warmoiSva azri, rom
`...zogierT adamians aqvs zebunebrivi warmomav -
loba~. lao-Zis yovladbrZeni flobs am zebu neb -
riv Tvisebebs. mas ZaluZs gawinamZRvreba, cad
amaR leba, gaxelmwifeba, daosTan ziareba. es sxva
ara feria, Tu ara igive mesianizmi. saxarebaSi
qris te warmodgenilia kacad da mere gaR mer Te -
buli, rac mas ufro axlobels xdida mor wmu ne -
TaTvis. lao-Zis principic aseTia: gza kacidan
Rme rTamde, ufro sworad, gaRmerTe bamde; umaR -
lesi srulqmnilebis mwvervalze asasvlelad ie -
rar qiuli safexurebis gavlaa aucilebeli.
qriste mokvda adamianTa codve bis Tvis; is yve-
las patiobs. pavle ambobs: `...qriste mokuda
cod vaTa CuenTaTvis~ (1 kor. mimarT. 15, 3). qris -
tes Ratakni uyvars, mdidarni ar cxondebian.
maTe ambobs: ̀ netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa, ra me -
Tu maTi ars sasufeveli caTai~ (5, 3). lao-Zi
ambobs: `Zvirfaseuli niv Tebi: aubedurebs kacs~
(XII). `vinca bevrs ixveWs: WeSmaritebas kargavs.
vin ca mcireds kma robs: arasodes wawymdeba~
(XLIV). qriste Tavisi morCilebiTa da sakuTari
Ta vis msxverplad mitaniT, tanjviT daixsnis ada -
mianTa modgmas im codvebisagan, rac adamma daa -
te xa maT Tavs. es golgoTizmi asea `dao de ZinSi~
Tqmu li: `vinca ga codvilda mTeli qveynis cod -
viT: gawi na m ZRvrda cis qve SeTSi. vinac daitanja
mTe li qveynis tan jviT: gameufda cisqveSeTSi~
(LXXVIII). lao-ZisTvis tanjva igive siwmides niS -
navs, siwmide sikeTes, xolo sikeTe _ sibrZnes.
157
qristianuli moZRvrebisa da `dao de Zinis~
ideebi kidev mraval punqtSi Tanxvdebian
erTmaneTs. qristianobis SemuSavebuli pirvel -
qmnili codva, Tavisi arsiT, uaxlovdeba lao-
Ziseuli bunebiTi kanonis darRvevas. bune bi To -
ba, rogorc viciT, maradiuli da ucvleli ka -
nonia lao-Zis mixedviT; mas unda morCilebdes
yoveli arsi da adamiani, Tuki surs miaRwios
Tanxmobas bunebasTan. vinc arRvevs bunebi -
Tobis kanons, scodvas da buneba sjis mas.
magram am codvebs gaiTavisebs, Tavis arsSi
daikrebs yovladbrZeni qristes msgavsad.
lao-Zi ambobs: `ukeTu bunebiToba aRigveba:
saidum lo WurWlad gardicvleba. yovlad brZe -
ni misi wyalobiT gawinamZRvrdeba da: diadi
Tan xmoba ar dairRveva~ (XXVIII). bunebiToba
rom davicvaT, aucilebelia vnebaTa daTrgunva
da xorcis uaryofiT diadi simSvidis mopoveba
(XVI, XXIII da sxva.). maTe ki ambobs: `netar iyvnen
mSvidni, rameTu maT daimkvidron queyanai~ (5, 5).
cxadad Wvivis bunebiTobisadmi morCilebis
idea qristes am sityvebSi: `amisaTvis getyv
Tquen: nu hzrunavT sulisa TquenisaTvis, rai
hsuaT, nuca xorcTa TquenTaTvis, rai Seimo -
soT. anu araa suli ufro¡s ars sazrdelisa da
guami samoslisa? mihxedeT mfrinvelTa cisaTa,
rameTu ara sTesven, arca mkian, arca Seikreben
saunjeTa, da mama¡ Tqueni zecaTai zrdis maT;
ara-me Tquen ufrois umjobes xarTa mfrin -
velTa? anu vinme Tquengani zrunvides da
158
SeuZlos SeZinebad hasaksa Tvissa wyrTa erTi?
da samoslisaTvis raisa hzrunavT? ganicadeniT
SroSanni velisani, viTar-igi aRorZindis! ara
Surebian, arca sTavn~ (maTe 6, 25-28).
warmarTuli da winareqristianuli, iseve
rogorc orTodoqsuli qristianizmi, uSvebda
sinamdvilisagan gaqcevas, gandgomasa da aske-
tizmis sxvadasxva formebs. rogorc araer T g -
zis iTqva, lao-Zi iyo pirveli CineTSi, vinc as -
ke tizmi da gandegiloba iqadaga. igi qadagebda
dam Tmenlobasa da xorcis daTrgunvas, su lis
amaR lebas da am gziT daos wvdomas. es aris
srul qmnis erTaderTi gza. rogorc maTes sa xa -
rebaSia naTqvami: `iyveniT Tquen srul, viTarca
mama¡ Tqueni zecaTa¡ srul ars~ (5, 48). es aris
wvdoma uzenaesi harmoniisa da srulqmnisa.
asketizmisa da eulobis motivi Zireul xazad
gasdevs `dao de Zins~. erTgan vkiTxu lobT:
`kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs: simar to veSi
unda ukudges. kaci, saqmes rom aRas ru lebs:
sofliur usasrulobas unda SeerTos~ (IX).
qristianobam uaryo msxverplSewirvis ri -
tua li. qristes miewereba aseTi gamoTqma
(`Tor metTa saxarebaSi~): `me moved mospobad
msxver plSewirvisa, xolo Tu Tqven ar SewyvetT
msxverplTa Sewirvas, ar dacxreba mZvinvareba
Tqvenze~. markozis saxareba pirdapir ambobs:
`da etyoda maT: SabaTi kacisTvis daebada, da
ara Tu kaci SabaTisaTvis~ (2, 27). rogorc cno-
bilia, qristes moRvaweobis pirveli nabijebi
159
iudevelTa religiaSi SemuSavebuli ritualisa
da formalur mcnebaTa darRveviT iwyeba _
wesebis gauqmebiT, SabaTi dRis uaryofiT. qris -
te qadagebda, rom RmerTi siyvaruls iTxovs da
ara msxverpls. lao-Zi mTeli Tavisi pirovnuli
arsiTa da Tavisi moZRvrebiT winaaRmdegi iyo
ritu alisa saerTod da kerZod _ msxver pl Se -
wirvisa. igi amiT ebrZoda konfucianelTa for-
malobebs da garegnul CvevaTa demonstrirebas.
daos wvdoma da aRiareba sulSi unda xorciel -
debodes. es aris rwmenis arsi (III, XII, XVIII, XIX,
da sxva). formaluri ritualis mavneblobazea
saubari maTes saxarebis meTxuTmete TavSi.
kidev erT sagulisxmo niSanze minda gava-
maxvilo mkiTxvelis yuradReba. kvira dRe, anu
mzis dRe iqca qristes aRdgomis dRed.
markozis saxarebis mixedviT, qriste aRdga
kvira dRes. swored amis gamo kvira dRe uqme anu
uqmobis dRea. lao-Zis yovladbrZenis erT-
erTi uZiriTadesi niSani aris uqmoba da am
uqmobiT umaRlesi srulqmnis miRweva,
umoqmedobiT gawmidaneba, gasxivosneba, uqmoba
anu gaJamgrZeleba da gaukvdaveba.
*
lev tolstoi bevr saerTos xedavda qristi -
a nul moZRvrebasa da lao-Zis moZRvrebas
Soris. nawilobriv maTi msgavseba da saerTo
niS nebi ukve aRvwere. amJamad, yovelgvari
komentaris gareSe, mkiTxvels minda warvudgi-
160
no arsiTa da azriT msgavsi adgilebi, rac
dadasturebulia saxarebasa da `dao de ZinSi~.
maTe: `netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa, rameTu
maTi ars sasufeveli caTa¡~ (5, 3). `netar iyvnen
mglo vareni guliTa, rameTu igini nugeSinis-
ce mul iqmnen~ (5, 4).
lao-Zi: `WeSmaritad: vinca SiSobs cis qve Se -
Tis xelmwifebas: unda gavaxelmwifoT cis qve -
SeT Si. vinca mwuxarebs cisqveSeTis xel mwi -
febas: unda mivuboZoT cisqveSeTi~ (XIII, 30).
maTe: `netar iyvnen mSvidni, rameTu maT
daimkvidron queyana¡~ (5, 5).
lao-Zi: `vinca aRivso udidesi simSvidiT:
aRivso sicarieleSi arsTa wrebrunviT~ (XVI, 32).
maTe: `xolo me getyv Tquen: ara winaaR dgo -
mad borotisa. aramed romelman gces Sen yuri-
malsa Sensa marjuenasa, miupyar mas erTker -
Zoica~ (5, 39). `xolo me getyv Tquen: giyuardeT
mterni Tquenni da akurTxevdiT mwyevarTa
TquenTa da keTilsa uyofdiT moZuleTa
TquenTa da ulocevdiT maT, romelni
gmZlavroben Tquen da gdevnidnen Tquen~ (5, 44).
lao-Zi: `sikeTe miage moZules Sensas~ (LXIII,
147). `ufro didi ubedureba araferia: gZuldes
mteri Seni. mtris siZulvili vnebs daos~ (LXIX,
167).
maTe: `ra¡Ta iyvneT Tquen Svili mamisa
Tquenisa zecaTa¡sa. rameTu mze misi aRmovals
borotTa zeda da keTilTa, da wvims marTalTa
zeda da cruTa~ (5, 45).
161
lao-Zi: `keTilTac sikeTes mivageb da
ukeTurTac sikeTes mivageb~. am sikeTiT Seiqms
umaRles saTnoebas. `erTgulTac verguleb da
orgulTac verTguleb~. am erTgulebiT Seiqms
umaRles saTneobas~ (XLIX, 144).
maTe: `ekrZaleniT qvelis saqmesa Tquensa,
ra¡Ta ar hyoT winaSe kacTa saxilvelad maTa.
ukueTu ara, sasyideli ara gaqus mamisa Tque ni -
sagan zecaTa¡sa~ (6, 1). `xolo raJams iqmode
qvelsa saqmesa, nu hqadageb winaSe Sensa...~ (6, 2).
`ra¡Ta iyos qvelis saqme Seni farulad, da mama¡
Seni romeli hxedavs dafarulTa, mogagos Sen
cxadad~ (6, 4).
lao-Zi: `kaci, raJams saqmes ganasrulebs:
simartoveSi unda ukudges~ (IX, 22). `hqmen da: ar
dae uflo qmnils. aRZar da: ar daeuflo aRZ -
ruls~ (X, 24). `kaci, vinca umaRles des flobs:
ar moqmedebs... vinca umaRles kacT moyvareobas
flobs: uqmobs da ase moqmedebs. moqmedebs, mag -
ram Tavad umizezoa da uCinari~ (XXXVIII, 87).
`Seh qmen da nu daeuflebi. xorchqmen da nu ime-
didureb. imeufe da nu ibatoneb~ (LI, 119).
`yoveladbrZeni mowyalea da sZags angareba.
yovladbrZeni brwyinvalea da sZags brwyin-
valeba~ (LVIII, 138). `yovladbrZeni daikrebs yve-
las cod vebs da sazRaurad arafers iTxovs~
(LXXIX, 192).
maTe: `amisTvis getyv Tquen: nu hzrunav su -
lisa TquenisaTvis, ra¡ sWamoT da ra¡ hsuaT,
nuca xorcTa TqunTaTvis, ra¡ SeimosoT. anu ara
162
su li ufro¡s ars sazrdelisa da guami samos -
lisa?~ (6, 25).
lao-Zi: `vinca avsilia uwmidesi suliT da
flobs dafarulis saidumlos: ucTomelia da
JamgrZeli~ (X, 23).
maTe: `rameTu romliTa gankiTxviTa gani kiT -
xvi deT, ganikiTxneT, da romliTa sawyauliTa
miuwyoT, mogewyos Tquen~ (7, 2).
lao-Zi: `rasac miageb, imasve mogageben~
(XXX, 69).
maTe: `da iyvneT Tquen moZulebul yovel Ta -
gan saxelisa CemisaTvis. xolo romelman daiT -
minos sruliad, igi cxovndes~ (10, 22).
lao-Zi: `kaci, damTmeni yovelivesi: mraval -
Jamieria~ (XLIV, 105).
maTe: `da romelman ara aRiRos juari Tvisi
da Semomidges me, igi ara ars Cemda Rirs~ (10, 38).
`romelman moipovos suli Tvisi, wariwymidos
igi; da romelman moipovos suli Tvisi CemTvis,
man povos igi~ (10.39).
lao-Zi: `vinaca morCilebs daos: daos Ta na -
arsia. vinca morCilebs des: des Tanarsia. vinca
morCilebs warmavals: warmavlis Tana ar sia.
vinca daos Tanaarsia: daos daeufleba. vinca
des Tanaarsia: des daeufleba. vinca warmavlis
Ta naarsia: warmavals daeufleba~ (XXIII, 55).
maTe: `anu yavT xe igi keTil da nayofica misi
ke Til; anu yavT xe igi xeneS da nayofica misi xe -
neS. rameTu nayofisagan xe igi sacnaur ars~ (12,
33).
163
lao-Zi: `vinca Seicno deda: man Zed Seicno Tavi.
vinca Zed Seicno Tavi: man Seicno deda~ (LII, 120).
maTe: `amisTvis igaviT vetyv maT, rameTu
hxed ven da ara hxedven, esmis da ara esmis, arca
gulisxma-yvian~ (13, 13); `da aResrulebis maT
zeda winaswarmetyuelebai igi esaia¡si: smeniT
ges modis, da ara gulisxma-hyoT, xedviT xedvi -
deT, da ara ixiloT~ (13, 14).
lao-Zi: `vumzer da ver vxedav; amitom vu wo -
deb uxilavs. vusmen da ar mesmis: amitom vu wo -
deb uxmos. veltvi da ver vwvdebi: amitom vuwo -
deb dafuruls~ (XIV, 31). `vinca daos xilulad
umzers: misTvis ganuWvretelia igi. vinca daos
bgerebSi usmens: misTvis daxSulia igi. vinca
daos moisaxmarisebs: misTvis miuwvdomelia
igi~ (XXXV, 82).
maTe: `xolo man rqua maT: ara, nuukue
Sekrebasa RvarZlisasa aRmohfxuraT ifqlica~
(13, 29).
lao-Zi: `o, ubedurebav! Sena xar Ziri bed-
nierebis, o, bednierebav! Sena xar Ziri ubedure-
bis. vin Seicno: sad iwyeba maTi saTave? vin
uwyis: sad Zevs maTi mijnebi? cvalebadni arian
da Jamwarmavalni: simarTle siverageSi gadadis.
xolo sikeTe _ siboroteSi~ (LVIII, 137).
maTe: `romeli umcires ars yovelTa TeslTa,
xolo raJams aRorZindis, ufrois yovelTa
mxalTa arn igi da iqmnis igi xe did, vidremdis
movidian mfrinvelni cisani da daadgrian
rtoTa misTa~ (13, 32).
164
lao-Zi: `didi xe patara ylortisagan aRmo -
cendeba. cxrasarTuliani koSki muWa miwiT
aimarTeba. aTas versze svla Sens ferxTqveS
iwyeba~ (LXIV, 153).
maTe: `... romelsa hnebavs Semodgomad Cemda,
uar-yavn Tavi Tvisi...~ (16, 24). `...da romelman
wariwymidos suli Tvisi CemTvis, man povos igi~
(16, 25).
lao-Zi: `yovladbrZeni yovelives morCilia.
morCilia da gawinamZRvrebulia. uaryofs xor-
ciel tans da sofliur maradisobas erTvis.
nuTu araferia, is rom xorciel tans uaryofs?
swored amiT aris srulqmnili. srulqmnilia da
mravalJamieri~ (VII, 18).
maTe: `da hrqua: amin getyv Tquen, ukeTu ara
moiqceT da iqmneT viTarca yrmani, ver SexvideT
sasufevelsa caTasa~ (18, 3). `rameTu romelman
daimdablos Tavi Tvisi, viTarca yrmai ese, igi
ufrois iyos sasufevelsa caTasa~ (18, 4).
lao-Zi: `vinca avsilia uwmidesi suliT da
flobs uxilvel Zalebs: morCilia, viTarca
Cvili~ (X, 23). `me yrmas vgavar, vinca jerac ar
movlenila~ (XX, 48). `vinca daeufla des:
axalSobils hgavs~ (LV, 127). `odes ibadeba kaci:
ToToa da susti. odes kvdeba kaci: magaria da
xmeli... magari da xmeli: miwas SeerTvis. ToTo
da susti: cad maRldeba~ (LXXVI, 182. 183).
maTe: `xolo ieso hrqua mowafeTa TvisTa:
amin getyv Tquen, rameTu mdidari Zniad Sevides
sasufevelsa caTasa~ (19, 23).
165
lao-Zi: `vinca bevrs ixveWs: WeSmaritebas
hkargavs~ (XLIV, 105).
maTe: `xolo mravalni iyvnen pirvelni ukuana,
da ukuanani wina~ (19, 30). `xolo Tquen Soris ara
egreT iyos, aramed romelsa unebs Tquen Soris
did yofai, iyavn Tquenda msaxur~ (20, 26). `da
romelsa unebs Tquen Soris wina yofai, iyos igi
Tquenda mona~ (20, 27). `viTarca Ze kacisa¡ ara mo -
vida ra¡Tamca imsaxura, aramed msaxurebad da mi -
cemad suli Tvisa saxsrad mravalTaTvis~ (20, 28).
lao-Zi: `winmavali da ukanmavali erTmaneTs
mor Cilebs~ (II, 6). `yovladbrZeni ar moqmedebs.
iqms da umoqmedoa. umoqmedoa da: yoveli arsi mas
mor Cilebs~ (III, 10). `yovladbrZeni yovelives
mor Cilia. morCilia da gawinamZRvre bu lia~ (VII,
18). `umaRlesi saTnoeba _ morCilebas miel tvis~
(VIII, 20). `ixelmwife da uaryav xelmwifeba~ (X, 24).
`vinca SiSobs cisqveSeTis xelmwifebas: unda ga -
va xelmwifoT cisqveSeTSi~ (XIII, 30). `arasrulq m -
ni li _ gasrulqmnildeba... mrudi _ ganimar Te -
ba... vinca mcireds mieltvis; bevrs moixveWs...
yov ladbrZeni ar didkacobs: amitom adideben.
gandidebas ar mieltvis: amitom moZRvrobs kacTa
Soris. ar mZlavrobs da uZlevelia cisqveSeTSi~
(XXII, 51, 52). `kaci, vinca daeufla damTmenlobas:
xelmwifebs xalxs da msaxurebs cas. damTmenloba
Ziria morCilebisa, xolo morCileba _ des
srul qmnaa~ (IX, 139).
166
maTe: `xolo romelman aRimaRlos Tavi
Tvisi, damdabldes; da romelman daimdablos
Tavi Tvisi, igi amaRldes~ (23, 12).
lao-Zi: `kacni diadoben, odes mdabldebian.
da mdabldebian, odes diadoben~ (XLII, 100).
maTe: ̀ maSin hrqua mas ieso: miaqcie maxvili ege
adgilsave Tvissa, rameTu yovelTa rome lTa
aRiRon maxvili, maxviliTa warwymden~ (26, 52).
lao-Zi: `vinca mZlavrobiT eufleba sam-
yaros: aqedanve vWvret _ ver miaRwevs sawa -
dels~ (XXIX, 66). `vinca zeimobs kacTa kvlas: ver
eRirseba qveynad sikeTes~ (XXXI, 73). `Zlierni da
ulmobelni _ ar kvdebian TavianTi sikvdiliT~
(XLII, 101).
luka: `hrqua mas ieso: melTa xureli uCns da
mfrinvelTa cisaTa sayofeli, xolo Zesa
kacisasa ara aqus, sada Tavi miidrikos~ (9, 58).
lao-Zi: `yvela xarobs, sazeimod wveulan
TiT qo... me erTi var mSvidad da uCinrad... o,
damaS vralo ualagov! sad ars alagi gansas ve -
nebi!.. me vsrbi sofliur sivrceSi: usas Tum lo
da unavsayudlo~ (XX, 48).
aseTia zogadad lao-Zis moZRvrebisa da
qristianuli moZRvrebis msgavseba-naTe saoba.
leri alimonaki
167
sarCevi
leri alimonaki
sibrZne, romelic ar berdeba (winaTqma) 5
lao-Zi: dao de Zini 69
leri alimonaki
qristianoba da `dao de Zini” (boloTqma) 141
168